Authors: Robert M. Hartranft Scott W. Hartranft
Suppose the laws of physics are truly invariant: they were, are, and always will be as they are here and now. And further suppose that there were no physical things before the Big Bang – no mass, no energy, just endless void. But at some point, the laws of physics came into being, including conservation of mass-energy. The three most fundamental equations for mass ( F = ma ; F = Gm1m2/r2 ; E = mc2 ) are all symmetric for positive and negative values of m. This suggests a family of negative mass particles ("unmatter"), with zero net mass-energy for the universe overall. The Big Bang would therefore have required zero net mass-energy, and would have produced two precisely concentric, inter-meshed, expanding spheres, one of positive m matter, the other of negative m unmatter. As the spheres expanded to their current, roughly 28 billion light-year diameters, they became progressively more segregated, leading to apparently huge voids if only one sphere is considered. As segregation further increased, the unbalanced local forces increased, leading to the observed and heretofore exceedingly puzzling accelerating expansion.
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