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1809 Submissions

[502] viXra:1809.0601 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-30 07:15:47

Complex Programming

Authors: Yuly Shipilevsky
Comments: 6 Pages.

We introduce and suggest to research a special class of optimization problems, wherein an objective function is a real-valued complex variables function and constraints comprising complex-valued complex variables functions.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[501] viXra:1809.0599 [pdf] replaced on 2019-01-20 08:37:07

The Mathematical Principles of the Scale Relativity Physics I. History and Physics

Authors: Nicolae Mazilu, Maricel Agop
Comments: 222 Pages.

Even though a physical theory, the Scale Relativity Theory (SRT) means more than physics, as its creator noticed himself. In fact it targets the very foundation of the entire positive knowledge, and we are set here to prove this fact. Mathematically one needs the description of a transition between infrafinite, finite and transfinite orders, while physically one needs a transition between microcosmos, daily world (quotidian cosmos) and universe. With SRT the mathematical categories of infrafinite, finite and transfinite, become differentiae of the same general concept of ‘finite’. As it turns out, there is a parallelism of the physical transition between the worlds and the mathematical transition between degrees of ‘finite’: it is followed here historically and logically, in a first part of the present work, with the benefit of extracting the mathematical principles of a physical description of matter.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[500] viXra:1809.0598 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-30 11:07:43

Peculiar Signaling Properties of the Tau and Mu Leptons and W and Z Bosons and More

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 2 Pages.

Abstract: It is noticed that 4 of the known particle types (2 leptons and 2 bosons) show unusual signaling properties. The universe has also apparently cycled 4 times in its history.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[499] viXra:1809.0597 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-30 12:06:07

Proposed Thermodynamic Fifth Law on Living System Negative Entropy

Authors: Alec Feinberg
Comments: 3 Pages.

The Carnot cycle, instrumental in the second law, is modified for living system yielding higher efficiency. Thus, the Second Law has shortcomings when trying to determine the thermodynamic state of a living system and a Fifth Law of Thermodynamics is needed to explain the effect of spontaneous repair and growth.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[498] viXra:1809.0596 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-10 12:56:31

Emergent Spacetime and Matter, Unified Field Theory

Authors: Andrey N. Smirnov
Comments: 27 Pages.

An axiomatic deterministic theory of physics based on a single unified field was proposed. In the theory model at the fundamental level there is no time and dynamics. It is shown how space-time with matter and fields emerge in this model. It is shown that the anthropic principle emerges as a consequence of the theory. The causality principle is derived as a consequence of the main principles of the theory. All three Newton's equations are obtained as consequences of the theory and in the nonrelativistic approximation. Mass, energy and other concepts of mechanics were obtained. The Schrödinger equation is derived. An explanation of the nature of particle spin is proposed. It is shown that the maximum speed of interactions must be finite and be the same in all inertial frames of reference. It is shown that the light speed and the maximum speed of interactions are exactly equal. A special theory of relativity with all its equations is obtained. The Klein-Gordon-Fock equations and, with some assumptions, the Dirac equations are obtained. Particles interaction is considered. There were given explanations of what virtual particles and quanta of field interactions are, and how renormalization works in quantum field theory. Seemingly fundamental interactions, such as strong, weak and electromagnetic are shown. Maxwell's equations are obtained, with some assumptions. It is shown that the standard model does not contradict the proposed theory. The nature of gravitation is considered. A strong equivalence principle is proved, all assumptions on which the general theory of relativity is based are proved. Based on this, it can be argued that the equations of the general relativity theory satisfy the theory of emergent space-time-matter. It is shown that gravity can not have quanta. Thus, this theory asserts that no theory of quantum gravity can exist. An explanation of the origin of the universe is proposed. An explanation is offered for the nature of dark energy and dark matter. Physical foundations of mathematics are considered.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[497] viXra:1809.0594 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-22 16:53:13

Angular Momentum Acquisition and Spiral Motion, a Requisite for Particle Creation. a Case Study, the Proton.

Authors: Bruno R Galeffi
Comments: 6 Pages.

Particle creation via angular momentum acquisition requires the existence of a charge carrier with initial momentum mivi and potential for initiating down-spiral motion, yet abiding by angular momentum quantization and conservation principles. Applied to the proton with a charge radius 0.8751 fm and momentum mv=moc=5.014x10^-19 Kgms^-1, a value of angular momentum quantum number n=4 was pinpointed for the proton radius. Surprisingly, a spin angular momentum S equal to ħ/2Φ (~0.309 ħ) was graphically determined, with Φ being the golden ratio. This result led to the conclusion that the proton might be constructed from two opposing spin angular momenta whose resultant is precisely ħ/2, namely ħ/2Φ and ħΦ/2. Further, an expression for the quantization of v^2/c^2 was derived, revealing that v^2/c^2 becomes pure imaginary around n=0. The mass gain mR/mi during the spiral process was found to be only √2. Following the same reasoning, a neutron radius of 0.834 fm was found.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[496] viXra:1809.0592 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 06:08:35

In-depth Analysis of New Weak Interaction Model

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 15 Pages. 9 figures; Include Chinese version

In this paper, I deeply analyze the weak interaction model I have established. The interaction between neutrinos and electrons, neutrinos and photons, neutrinos and neutrinos is discussed. I point out that the interaction strength of neutrinos with various other particles is also affected by the duration of an interaction. Since the interaction time of neutrinos with slower particles is shorter, the intensity of interaction is relatively small. The interaction of neutrinos with photons and neutrinos themselves, because all particles are running at the speed of light, the interaction can last for a long time, resulting in the increasing interaction strength between neutrino and photon, so that the Mössbauer effect can be used for detection. To this end, the paper gives some problems that should be paid attention to when using the Mössbauer effect to detect neutrinos.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[495] viXra:1809.0591 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 07:15:25

Quantum Mechanics for Oil Industry

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

With their current approach, energy companies can extract about 35 percent of the oil in each well. [36] An international team has shown that quantum computers can do one such analysis faster than classical computers for a wider array of data types than was previously expected. [35] A team of researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has demonstrated that it is possible to use cloud-based quantum computers to conduct quantum simulations and calculations. [34] Physicists have designed a new method for transmitting big quantum data across long distances that requires far fewer resources than previous methods, bringing the implementation of long-distance big quantum data transmission closer to reality. [33] A joint China-Austria team has performed quantum key distribution between the quantum-science satellite Micius and multiple ground stations located in Xinglong (near Beijing), Nanshan (near Urumqi), and Graz (near Vienna). [32] In the race to build a computer that mimics the massive computational power of the human brain, researchers are increasingly turning to memristors, which can vary their electrical resistance based on the memory of past activity. [31] Engineers worldwide have been developing alternative ways to provide greater memory storage capacity on even smaller computer chips. Previous research into two-dimensional atomic sheets for memory storage has failed to uncover their potential— until now. [30] Scientists used spiraling X-rays at the Lab) to observe, for the first time, a property that gives handedness to swirling electric patterns – dubbed polar vortices – in a synthetically layered material. [28] To build tomorrow's quantum computers, some researchers are turning to dark excitons, which are bound pairs of an electron and the absence of an electron called a hole. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[494] viXra:1809.0590 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 07:29:09

Me Myself and I

Authors: J.C.Tiago de Oliveira
Comments: 25 Pages.

"this is my way of life, the only way i know" (Frank Sinatra)
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[493] viXra:1809.0589 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 07:33:19

Malawi Cypress Awards Analysis

Authors: Prince Gusto Gadama
Comments: 8 Pages.

starting 10 years ago in Liberia and then in Burkina Faso, Cypress awawrds in Malawi spiritual, science, arts, political personalities. this year, President of Moçambique, Filipe Nyusi, as well as 2 Africa Emperors, Bishops and Pastors have been contemplated. present analysis deals with previous editions
Category: Education and Didactics

[492] viXra:1809.0588 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 07:53:03

Tiny Vortices Driven by Magnetic Fields

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

The vortices could one day be used in lab-on-a-chip designs to move particles, like blood cells, from one place to another, or to build materials with self-healing properties. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[491] viXra:1809.0587 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 08:03:57

The Science Speaks Wow

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 6 Pages. -

Repetition of miracles of Christ. Attempt of the analysis
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[490] viXra:1809.0586 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 09:07:14

3-D Mesostructures

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have expansive applications in biotechnology and advanced engineering with growing interest in materials science and engineering due to their potential in emerging systems. [35] Researchers at Griffith University working with Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) have unveiled a stunningly accurate technique for scientific measurements which uses a single atom as the sensor, with sensitivity down to 100 zeptoNewtons. [34] Researchers at the Center for Quantum Nanoscience within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have made a major breakthrough in controlling the quantum properties of single atoms. [33] A team of researchers from several institutions in Japan has described a physical system that can be described as existing above "absolute hot" and also below absolute zero. [32] A silicon-based quantum computing device could be closer than ever due to a new experimental device that demonstrates the potential to use light as a messenger to connect quantum bits of information—known as qubits—that are not immediately adjacent to each other. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26]
Category: Condensed Matter

[489] viXra:1809.0584 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 13:00:57

The Stellar Disintegration Zone

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 52 Pages. 1 graph, 1 data set of 2,504 objects

The stellar disintegration zone is the area that separates hot Jupiters from their more evolved and evolving counterparts. It shows that hot Jupiters lose their thick helium/hydrogen atmospheres faster if they orbit close to a much hotter host star, which is predicted by the General Theory of Stellar Metamorphosis. The SDZ on this graph is between 5-9 Earth Radii, with a period shorter than 10 days. As well, the SDZ's can be different for different stars, this graph is only a generalization. Data is taken from various telescopes including the Kepler, and 2,504 evolving/dead stars are on the graph. The periods of the dead/evolving stars on the graph do not include the ones beyond 50 days, and objects beyond a radius of 23 Earths. Data for the points on the graph is included, as well as the objects' names.
Category: Astrophysics

[488] viXra:1809.0582 [pdf] replaced on 2019-08-04 10:32:56

Refraction

Authors: John Wallace, Michael Wallace
Comments: 6 Pages. significant addition

Refraction is treated classically, which is not physically realistic. Unlike optical reflection that is well understood refraction, is a more difficult problem exposing a major missing piece of quantum mechanics. Refraction normally is treated either classically or as a non-relativistic perturbation response. Recently it became apparent where this property finds its quantum origin in a full relativistic quantum description.
Category: Quantum Physics

[487] viXra:1809.0580 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 17:04:14

A New Mass Measure and a Simplification and Extension of Modern Physics

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 19 Pages.

Recent experimental research has shown that mass is linked to Compton periodicity. We suggest a new way to look at mass: Namely that mass at its most fundamental level can simply be seen as reduced Compton frequency over the Planck time. In this way, surprisingly, neither the Planck constant nor Newton’s gravitational constant are needed to observe the Planck length, nor in any type of calculation, except when we want to convert back to old and less informative mass measures such as kg. The theory gives the same predictions as Einstein’s special relativity theory, with one very important exception: anything with mass must have a maximum velocity that is a function of the Planck length and the reduced Compton wavelength. For all observed subatomic particles, such as the electron, this velocity is considerably above what is achieved in particle accelerators, but always below the speed of light. This removes a series of infinity challenges in physics. The theory also offers a way to look at a new type of quantum probabilities. As we will show, a long series of equations become simplified in this way.
Category: Quantum Physics

[486] viXra:1809.0579 [pdf] replaced on 2023-03-20 00:31:39

Electrostatic Accelerated Electrons Within Information Horizons Exert Bidirectional Propellant-Less Thrust

Authors: Ankur S. Bhatt, F. M. Becker
Comments: 41 Pages.

During internal discharge (electrical breakdown or field emission transmission), thin symmetric capacitors accelerate slightly towards the anode; an anomaly that does not appear obvious using standard physics. The effect can be predicted by core concepts of a model called quantised inertia (MiHsC) which assumes inertia of accelerated particles, such as electrons, is caused by Unruh radiation. This discrete Unruh radiation forms standing waves between the particle’s boundaries from the Rindler horizon to the confinement horizon. These waves are established based on special relativity in concert with quantum mechanics. Electrons accelerate toward the anode and are assumed to encounter an inhomogeneous Unruh radiation condition causing a force to modify their inertial mass. To conserve momentum, the overall mechanical system moves in the direction of the anode. This resulting force is assumed to be caused by an energy gradient in between the confinement and the Rindler zone and its equation is derived directly from the uncertainty principle. Discharging capacitors with various thicknesses are compared and show agreement between the experimental findings and a virtual particle oscillation associated with a standing wave energy gradient hypothesis. The preliminary results are encouraging.
Category: Classical Physics

[485] viXra:1809.0577 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-07 18:56:29

Situational Underlying Value (Suv) Statistic for Major League Baseball – Defense

Authors: Raymond H Gallucci
Comments: 55 Pages.

In Situational Underlying Value for Baseball, Football and Basketball – A Statistic (SUV) to Measure Individual Performance in Team Sports, an all-encompassing, overall statistic to measure “clutch” performance by individual players in the team sports of major league baseball, professional football, and NCAA men’s college basketball was developed, called “Situational Underlying Value” (SUV). [1] Based on the concept of “run expectancy,” it assigns an SUV to each base as a function of the number of outs, including a negative value for making an out. There, and in “Proof of Principle” for Situational Underlying Value (SUV) – A Statistic to Measure Clutch Performance by Individuals in the Team Sports of Major League Baseball, [2] it was applied exclusively to hitters and pitchers. Its derivation is explained in Reference 1, with additional discussion provided in Reference 2. Reference 1 provides two example games to show how the SUVs accrue for each team’s hitters and pitchers. The goal of this third work, which includes “Proof of Principle” as in Reference 2, is to track the performance of a team’s individual fielders defensively, including an enhancement to the approach for pitching previously developed in Reference 2, over the same substantial portion of an entire season. One-third of the 2017 season, i.e., 54 games, have again been selected for the Seattle Mariners, starting with Game 002 and tracking every third game up through Game 161. The SUVs are based on the play-by-play descriptions provided in “Baseball Reference,” https://www.baseball-reference.com/. [3] Summary SUV analyses for all 54 games are provided below, with a roll-up of cumulative SUVs every six games. Also, the actual play-by-plays are included for every third game analyzed, starting from Game 005 (i.e., for Games 005, 014, 023, 032, 041, 050, 059, 068, 077, 086, 095, 104, 113, 122, 131, 140, 149 and 158), providing a total for 18 games. For the rest (which are only summarized), the reader should consult Reference 3. There is an important change to the above table for defensive tracking, also applied to the enhanced pitching analysis, namely the reversal of all the SUV signs. This enables “positive” defensive outcomes (outs) to be assigned positive SUVs, while “negative” outcomes (reaching base or advancing) are assigned negative SUVs. The assignment of defensive SUVs is somewhat more involved than that for hitting. Specific assignments, most frequently encountered, are presented below.
Category: Statistics

[484] viXra:1809.0576 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-30 02:18:20

Totherian Analysis to Riemann Conjecture Proof 2

Authors: Bado Idriss Olivier
Comments: 4 Pages.

The purpose of this article is to introduce the theory of totherian analysis in order to provide proof of the Riemann hypothesis: the concepts introduced have been so effective and we can use it to build a coherent and tangible analysis. Totherian analysis can be considered as an effective remedy in solving a lot of problems in mathematics
Category: Number Theory

[483] viXra:1809.0575 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-30 04:25:08

Electron Structure, Ultra-dense Hydrogen and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions

Authors: Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso, Giorgio Vassallo
Comments: 15 Pages.

In this paper, a simple Zitterbewegung electron model, proposed in a previous work, is presented from a different perspective that does not require advanced mathematical concepts. A geometric-electromagnetic interpretation of mass, relativistic mass, De Broglie wavelength, Proca, Klein-Gordon and Aharonov-Bohm equations in agreement with the model is proposed. Starting from the key concept of mass-frequency equivalence a non-relativistic interpretation of the 3.7 keV deep hydrogen level found by J. Naudts is presented. Abstract According to this perspective, ultra-dense hydrogen can be conceived as a coherent chain of bosonic electrons with protons or deuterons at center of their Zitterbewegung orbits. The paper ends with some examples of the possible role of ultra-dense hydrogen in some aneutronic low energy nuclear reactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[482] viXra:1809.0574 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 05:44:17

Skyrmions Magnetic Frustration

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Skyrmions are formed in magnetic systems via a variety of mechanisms, some of which work together. [32] Unique physical properties of these "magic knots" might help to satisfy demand for IT power and storage using a fraction of the energy. [31] A skyrmion is the magnetic version of a tornado which is obtained by replacing the air parcels that make up the tornado by magnetic spins, and by scaling the system down to the nanometre scale. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[481] viXra:1809.0573 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 06:47:45

Superconducting and Diamond Qubits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 15 Pages.

Important challenges in creating practical quantum computers have been addressed by two independent teams of physicists in the US. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits—circuits that have zero electrical resistance—can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[480] viXra:1809.0571 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 08:11:33

Fermat’s Theorem: First Case: Abc is not a Multiple of N

Authors: Victor Sorokine
Comments: 2 Pages.

If we leave only the last digits A', B', C' in the numbers A, B, C, then the third digit in the left part of one of the equivalent Fermat’s equations will be greater than 1. And the inclusion of the following digits in the numbers A, B, C can reduce the value of this digit only by 1.
Category: Number Theory

[479] viXra:1809.0570 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 08:12:33

Fermat’s Theorem: First Case: Abc is not a Multiple of N (Russian)

Authors: Victor Sorokine
Comments: 1 Page. Russian version

Если в числах A, B, C оставить лишь последние цифры A', B', C', то третья цифра в левой части одного из эквивалентных равенств Ферма будет больше 1. А включение в числа A, B, C последующих цифр могут уменьшить значение этой цифры лишь на 1.
Category: Number Theory

[478] viXra:1809.0568 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 13:07:59

Appearances of the Haybusa2 and Osiris-Rex Target Asteroids Ryugu and Bennu

Authors: A. Soumbatov-Gur
Comments: 48 Pages.

Properties and features of asteroid (101955) Bennu to be reached this fall by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx probe are anticipated. As of September 2018 we reconcile distant groundwork data on the asteroid in a unified approach based on the paradigm of ejective formation of celestial bodies. Recent JAXA’s observations of diamond-shaped asteroid (162173) Ryugu are also systematically considered to give grounds to Bennu’s study as explosively casted out rock body. We as well analyze data on top-like main belt and near-Earth asteroids: (2867) Steins, (341843) 2008 EV5, (65803) Didymos, and others. Dozens Bennu’s constraints and properties redicted include diamond shapes, North-South dichotomy, strong equatorial mountain range, curved northern relief features, global fault, regular equatorial depressions, ten meters wide crater in high outhern latitudes, angular crater shapes, side difference in crater statistics, larger than expected density, recent geologic activity, lined distributions of substances and minerals, restricted positions of locally synthesized organic materials, x-ray and electromagnetic transients, etc.
Category: Astrophysics

[477] viXra:1809.0567 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 13:23:42

Helical Solenoid Model of the Electron

Authors: Oliver Consa
Comments: 10 Pages.

A new semiclassical model of the electron with helical solenoid geometry is presented. This new model is an extension of both the Parson Ring Model and the Hestenes Zitterbewegung Model. This model interprets the Zitterbewegung as a real motion that generates the electron’s rotation (spin) and its magnetic moment. In this new model, the g-factor appears as a consequence of the electron’s geometry while the quantum of magnetic flux and the quantum Hall resistance are obtained as model parameters. The Helical Solenoid Electron Model necessarily implies that the electron has a toroidal moment, a feature that is not predicted by Quantum Mechanics. The predicted toroidal moment can be tested experimentally to validate or discard this proposed model.
Category: Classical Physics

[476] viXra:1809.0566 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 13:25:15

The Helicon: A New Preon Model

Authors: Oliver Consa
Comments: 5 Pages.

A new preon model is presented as an extension of the semiclassical Helical Solenoid Electron Model that was previously proposed by the author. This helicon model assumes as postulates both the Atomic Principle and the equality between matter and electric charge. These postulates lead us to a radical reinterpretation of the concepts of antimatter and dark matter and form a new framework for future preon theories.
Category: Classical Physics

[475] viXra:1809.0565 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 14:46:48

Without Ferent Matter, there is no Gravitation

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 202 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

“Without Ferent Matter, there is no Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “Dark Matter interacts only gravitationally with matter” Adrian Ferent “Ferent Matter is Dark Matter with density higher than Planck density” Adrian Ferent “Because inside the black holes, Gravitational force is much stronger than the Strong nuclear force, nobody was able to explain Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “The most difficult topic in Science is Gravitation, because Newton, Einstein… tried to explain it without success!” Adrian Ferent “Sun’s core is Ferent Matter” Adrian Ferent “Ferent Matter is matter with density higher than Planck density” Adrian Ferent “The elementary particles are created around Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “The elementary particles contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Unification between Matter and Dark Matter: Adrian Ferent “Stars and planets contain Dark Matter in proportion to their mass” Adrian Ferent “Matter was created from Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Ferent Matter is in the core of stars and planets” Adrian Ferent “Ferent Matter is responsible for the Gravitational interactions in the Universe” Adrian Ferent A bigger star contains more Ferent Matter! Ferent Matter is high density Dark Matter: Ferent density ≥ Ferent matter density > Planck density Planck density at Planck wall. Ferent density at Ferent wall. “Ferent Matter is Dark Matter with density higher than Planck density” Adrian Ferent At Ferent wall due to the extraordinarily small scale of the universe at that time, Gravitation was the only physical interaction. At Ferent wall were created Ferent matter and gravitons. Only a small percentage of Ferent matter becomes matter at Planck wall. This means high density Dark Matter is Ferent Matter, interacts only gravitationally with matter. I explained that: “Dark Matter interacts only gravitationally with matter” Adrian Ferent “Only the Gravitons emitted by Ferent Matter have the energy and the momentum to attract planets, stars, galaxies” Adrian Ferent “Black Holes are Ferent matter” Adrian Ferent Graviton momentum > Photon momentum The graviton energy emitted by black holes: E = a×ν E > 4.14559 × 10^5 GeV “Inside the black holes, Gravitational force is much stronger than the Strong nuclear force” Adrian Ferent “Because inside the black holes, Gravitational force is much stronger than the Strong nuclear force, nobody was able to explain Gravitation” Adrian Ferent You learned that Gravitation is the weakest of the four fundamental forces. “I am the first who Quantized the Gravitational Field!” Adrian Ferent “I quantized the Gravitational Field with gravitons” Adrian Ferent “Einstein’s gravitational waves do not exist, how they can detect them?” Adrian Ferent You learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists…that Earth's gravity comes from all its mass. Matter looks like foam or bubbles in contrast with Ferent matter, that is why: “Without Ferent Matter, there is no Gravitation” Adrian Ferent 103. I am the first who discovered that without Ferent Matter (high density Dark Matter), there is no Gravitation 104. I am the first who explained that the most difficult topic in Science is Gravitation, because Newton, Einstein… tried to explain it without success 105. I am the first who explained that because inside the black holes, Gravitational force is much stronger than the Strong nuclear force, nobody was able to explain Gravitation 106. I am the first who explained that Ferent Matter is Dark Matter with density higher than Planck density 107. I am the first who explained that Dark Matter interacts only gravitationally with matter
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[474] viXra:1809.0564 [pdf] replaced on 2019-01-24 07:40:07

Mass and Field Deformation

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 10 Pages. The document is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

The target of this document is the explanation of the essentials of gravity and its characteristic, the mass of discrete objects. The paper explains the deformation and the expansion of fields by massive objects. Special attention is paid to elementary particles.
Category: Quantum Physics

[473] viXra:1809.0562 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 15:47:23

Graduations 2018 Cypress

Authors: Prince Gusto Gadama
Comments: 8 Pages.

Honoris Causa Doctorates and Professorships at Cypress, Malawi
Category: Education and Didactics

[472] viXra:1809.0561 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 15:54:08

Cypress University Curriculums

Authors: Prince Gusto Gadama
Comments: 200 Pages.

all the matters of teaching as of today
Category: Education and Didactics

[471] viXra:1809.0559 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 16:32:23

Metonic and Saros Cycles Harmony Reason

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 8 Pages.

In all my papers I try to prove just one idea, that The solar planets data are created depending on each other, that because the solar group is one machine or one body. The idea simply tells us that, the solar planets data are found based on a geometrical structure connects all solar planets together, that's why any solar planet data depends on others'… For example, if we found 3 angles their total =180 degrees we may conclude that these 3 angles are triangle angles… Similar to that …. I found 687 days (Mars orbital period) = 365.25 days (Earth orbital period) x 1.9 (Mars orbital inclination = 1.9 degrees) The previous relationship between Mars and Earth is considered as Pure coincidence by the current theories, but I try to prove that this relationship is found because there's a geometrical structure connects Earth with Mars and causes this relationship. Let's summarize the idea: -A geometrical structure connects and unifies all solar planets together to make the solar group as one body or one machine. And this geometrical structure causes each planet data to be created depending on other planets data which guarantees the planets motions harmony with each other. Now the idea is almost clear, but questions are needed to be solved..! 1-What's this geometrical structure which unifies the solar planets? 2-How this geometrical structure can be found? Let's start by answer the 2nd question: How this structure can be found? The solar group is created from one energy i.e. The solar planet matter is created from this Energy as the Equation (E=mc2) tells us, and the planet orbital distance is created also from this same Energy (my hypothesis), Let's see that in details… Suppose the Energy started her trajectory from the sun toward Mercury (this supposition is for explanation only because the Energy real trajectory is more complex) The Energy will build Mercury orbital distance (Distance =Energy) and then the same energy will build Mercury Matter (Matter = Energy), So Mercury diameter and Mass should be related to Mercury orbital distance Then the Energy causes Mercury motion, and then the Energy travels toward Venus, where in her trajectory will build Mercury Venus Distance, then will build Venus Matter, and causes Venus Motion to be in Harmony with Mercury Motion… etc So, how this geometrical structure can be found? By the Energy which creates the matter, distances and motions… this same energy needs geometrical structure to use all solar planets in one machine… So, the geometrical structure is a fact and necessity…..means, if the solar group is created from one Energy, that means there's a geometrical structure controls all these planets data … Now let's try to answer the 1st question… What's this geometrical structure, which unifies the solar planets? This is the hard question, I don't know yet this geometrical structure and I try to reach to him In fact I face real difficulties in my way…. basically because we don't know this geometrical structure rules.. For Example I found an Equation d2 = 4do(d-do) where d = Planet orbital distance do= Previous Planet orbital distance So, if we use Jupiter and Saturn orbital distances in the previous equation we'll find that it's correct Equation.. (in Fact there are 3 exceptions for this Equation) Any way the question is why? Why Jupiter and Saturn orbital distances follow the previous equation? It's a geometrical rule, but why this rule is found? No one can answer! Let's see another example The light with velocity c (=0.3mkm/sec) will travel a distance 2088 mkm (Jupiter Uranus distance) during 6939.75 seconds (but Metonic Cycle is 6939.75 days!) Also The light with velocity c (=0.3mkm/sec) will travel a distance 627 mkm (Jupiter Earth distance) during 2088 seconds This geometrical rule or feature I found frequently… The same value is used in time units and distance units!? This feature I found frequently in the solar group… why the same value is used in time and distance units?!! It's a geometrical rule but we don't know this rule and we don't understand its reason… In fact the solar group geometry is beyond our Geometry books I wish I explained my idea as clear as possible… In this paper I try to show and prove that, Metonic and Saros cycles harmony depends on the geometrical structure which unifies all solar planets. i.e. Metonic and Saros cycles harmony proves there's a geometrical structure which unifies all solar planets.
Category: Astrophysics

[470] viXra:1809.0556 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 04:27:28

Effects of Planetary Rotation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

The earth's rotation causes the Coriolis effect, which deflects massive air and water flows toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. [14] A carbon cycle anomaly discovered in carbonate rocks of the Neoproterozoic Hüttenberg Formation of northeastern Namibia follows a pattern similar to that found right after the Great Oxygenation Event, hinting at new evidence for how Earth's atmosphere became fully oxygenated. [13] The conditions for life surviving on planets entirely covered in water are more fluid than previously thought, opening up the possibility that water worlds could be habitable, according to a new paper from the University of Chicago and Pennsylvania State University. [12] Scientists at Rutgers University–New Brunswick and elsewhere are at a crossroads in their 50-year quest to go beyond the Standard Model in physics. [11] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. New ideas for interactions and particles: This paper examines also the possibility to origin the Spontaneously Broken Symmetries from the Planck Distribution Law. This way we get a Unification of the Strong, Electromagnetic, and Weak Interactions from the interference occurrences of oscillators. Understanding that the relativistic mass change is the result of the magnetic induction we arrive to the conclusion that the Gravitational Force is also based on the electromagnetic forces, getting a Unified Relativistic Quantum Theory of all 4 Interactions.
Category: Astrophysics

[469] viXra:1809.0555 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 04:38:40

Plasma Thruster

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

Schematic of a magnetic nozzle rf plasma thruster (helicon plasma thruster) having two open source exits and photographs of the three operation modes in the laboratory test. [43] Researchers at MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) have now demonstrated how microwaves can be used to overcome barriers to steady-state tokamak operation. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[468] viXra:1809.0554 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-29 05:26:24

Totherian Analysis to Riemann Conjecture Proof

Authors: Bado Idriss Olivier
Comments: 6 Pages.

The purpose of this article is to introduce the theory of totherian analysis in order to provide proof of the Riemann hypothesis: the concepts introduced have been so effective and we can use it to build a coherent and tangible analysis. Totherian analysis can be considered as an effective remedy in solving a lot of problems in mathematics
Category: Number Theory

[467] viXra:1809.0553 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-27 08:18:00

Generalization of the Bernstein-Vazirani Algorithm Beyond Qubit Systems

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura, Shahrokh Heidari, Ahmed Farouk, Do Ngoc Diep
Comments: 7 pages

First, we review the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm for determining a bit string. Next, we discuss the generalized Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm for determining a natural number string. Finally, we discuss the generalized Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm for determining an integer string. All of the generalized algorithms presented here have the following structure. Given the set of real values $\{a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots,a_N\}$ and a special function $g$, we determine $N$ values of the function $g(a_1),g(a_2),g(a_3),\ldots, g(a_N)$ simultaneously. The speed of determining the strings is shown to outperform the best classical case by a factor of $N$ in every case.
Category: Quantum Physics

[466] viXra:1809.0552 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-27 08:25:28

The no-Cloning Theorem Based on a Statistical Model

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 4 pages

We investigate the no-cloning theorem that relies on the properties of a statistical model. Usually, the no-cloning theorem implies that two quantum states are identical or orthogonal if we allow a cloning to be on the two quantum states. Here, we rely on a statistical model. We may result in the fact that the two quantum states under consideration could not be orthogonal if we accept the statistical model. The no-cloning theorem may imply that the two quantum states under consideration may be identical if we accept the statistical model. The no-cloning theorem itself has this character.
Category: Quantum Physics

[465] viXra:1809.0551 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-20 13:19:20

Differentiation Under the Loop Integral: a New Method of Renormalization in Quantum Field Theory

Authors: Brian Slovick
Comments: 5 Pages.

In the conventional approach of renormalization, divergent loop integrals are regulated and combined with counterterms to satisfy a set of renormalization conditions. While successful, the process of regularization is tedious and must be applied judiciously to obtain gauge-invariant results. In this Letter, I show that by recasting the renormalization conditions as the initial conditions of momentum-space differential equations for the loop amplitudes, the need for regularization disappears because the process of differentiating under the loop integrals renders them finite. I apply this approach to successfully renormalize scalar $\phi^4$ theory and QED to one-loop order without requiring regularization or counterterms. Beyond considerable technical simplifications, the ability to perform renormalization without introducing a regulator or counterterms can lead to a more fundamental description of quantum field theory free of ultraviolet divergences.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[464] viXra:1809.0547 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-27 16:54:53

Grangels

Authors: Evgeny A. Novikov
Comments: 1 Page.

Based on the quantum modification of the general relativity (Qmoger), gravitational angels (grangels) are introduced as areas of the background graviton condensate surrounding the interfaces between gravitons and the ordinary matter. The quantum entanglement is interpreted as interaction between splitting grangels. Our subjective experiences (qualia) are described in terms of grangels surrounding neuron clusters. A hierarchy of grangels is considered, including cosmological grangels
Category: Mind Science

[463] viXra:1809.0546 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 01:55:05

Superconducting Traps Quantum Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 15 Pages.

New research from the lab of Oskar Painter, John G Braun Professor of Applied Physics and Physics in the Division of Engineering and Applied Science, explores the use of superconducting metamaterials to overcome this challenge. [29] Researchers from Google and the University of California Santa Barbara have taken an important step towards the goal of building a large-scale quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits—circuits that have zero electrical resistance—can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[462] viXra:1809.0545 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 03:32:51

Electro-Optic Laser Pulses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have used common electronics to build a laser that pulses 100 times more often than conventional ultrafast lasers. [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36]
Category: Quantum Physics

[461] viXra:1809.0544 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-28 05:02:26

Single, Scattered Exposure

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Engineers at Duke University have developed a way to extract a sequence of images from light scattered through a mostly opaque material—or even off a wall—from one long photographic exposure. [41] Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have used common electronics to build a laser that pulses 100 times more often than conventional ultrafast lasers. [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[460] viXra:1809.0543 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-26 07:21:59

Ultra-Sensitive Quantum Sensors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

New research from MIT's interdisciplinary Quantum Engineering Group (QEG) is addressing one of the fundamental challenges facing these quantum sensor systems: removing environmental noise from the signal being measured. [21] An international team of physicists at ETH Zurich, Aalto University, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics in Moscow has demonstrated that algorithms and hardware developed originally in the context of quantum computation can be harnessed for quantum-enhanced sensing of magnetic fields. [20] Scientists at Forschungszentrum Jülich have now discovered another class of particle-like magnetic object that could take the development of data storage devices a significant step forward. [19] A team of researchers with members from IBM Research-Zurich and RWTH Aachen University has announced the development of a new PCM (phase change memory) design that offers miniaturized memory cell volume down to three nanometers. [18] Monatomic glassy antimony might be used as a new type of single-element phase change memory. [17] Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16] Quantum memories are devices that can store quantum information for a later time, which are usually implemented by storing and re-emitting photons with certain quantum states. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12]
Category: Quantum Physics

[459] viXra:1809.0542 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-26 08:40:11

Generation of High-Density Plasma

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 82 Pages.

An international joint research group led by Osaka University demonstrated that it was possible to efficiently heat plasma by focusing a relativistic electron beam (REB) accelerated by a high-intensity, short-pulse laser with the application of a magnetic field of 600 tesla (T), about 600 times greater than the magnetic energy of a neodymium magnet (the strongest permanent magnet). [43] Researchers at MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) have now demonstrated how microwaves can be used to overcome barriers to steady-state tokamak operation. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[458] viXra:1809.0541 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-26 09:05:02

Tracking Hydrogen Movement

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Recently, researchers developed a system that can count muon events at a much faster rate, allowing an experiment to be completed in a suitable time frame. [35] The measurement delivers an order of magnitude improvement over the previous best and is a significant deviation from the most recent theoretical calculations. Resolving this discrepancy could lead to improvements in molecular quantum theory and could result in a better measured value for the proton radius. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality—a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[457] viXra:1809.0540 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-26 10:57:42

Ultra-Rare B-Meson Decay

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

The rareness of this decay is due to the coincidence of two factors: First, the decay requires quantum loops with several weak interaction vertices, some of which have a low probability to occur; second, angular momentum conservation constrains the decay products of the scalar B 0 or Bs meson into a highly unlikely configuration. [29] A team of Ohio University nuclear physicists has proposed a new theoretical model for calculating pairing properties of atomic nuclei including those found in extreme astrophysical environments. [28] In nature, the nuclear reactions that form stars are often accompanied by astronomically high amounts of energy, sometimes over billions of years. [27] Dark matter halos are theoretical bodies inside which galaxies are suspended; the halo's mass dominates the total mass. [26] An international team of researchers extended their results from a previous study to directly measure the cosmic-ray all-electron (electron + positron) spectrum in an energy range from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET). [25] Mysterious radiation emitted from distant corners of the galaxy could finally be explained with efforts to recreate a unique state of matter that blinked into existence in the first moments after the Big Bang. [24] Researchers at Oregon State University have confirmed that last fall's union of two neutron stars did in fact cause a short gamma-ray burst. [23] Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[456] viXra:1809.0539 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-26 12:50:33

(Classical Friedmann Kinematic Viscosity) to (electron Compton Kinematic Viscosity) to (Planck Kinematic Viscosity)

Authors: David E. Fuller, Dahl Winters
Comments: 6 Pages.

Transitions from (Classical Friedmann Kinematic Viscosity) to (electron Compton Kinematic Viscosity) to (Planck Kinematic Viscosity)in a Ideal Fluid Under Pressure KronosPrime@outlook.com
Category: Quantum Physics

[455] viXra:1809.0538 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-26 13:19:02

(Classical Friedmann Kinematic Viscosity) to (electron Compton Kinematic Viscosity) to (Planck Kinematic Viscosity) 2.0

Authors: David E. Fuller, Dahl Winters
Comments: 7 Pages.

Transitions from (Classical Friedmann Kinematic Viscosity) to (electron Compton Kinematic Viscosity) to (Planck Kinematic Viscosity)in a Ideal Fluid Under Pressure KronosPrime@outlook.com
Category: Quantum Physics

[454] viXra:1809.0537 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-26 17:21:57

A Hidden Circle in the Paths of a Family of Projectiles

Authors: Radhakrishnamurty Padyala
Comments: 4 Pages.

It is already known that an ellipse passes through the apexes of a family of the parabolic paths of projectiles shot from a point with constant speed but different angles of projection. In this article we describe a method to show that a circle passes through the focii of such a family of projectile paths whose center is the point of projection. In this method, we don’t use vectors, or calculus or Newton’s laws of motion.
Category: Classical Physics

[453] viXra:1809.0536 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-26 22:54:15

Supermassive Black Holes

Authors: Kenneth Dalton
Comments: 7 Pages. Journal-ref: JHEPGC 5, 984-988 (2019) https://doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2019.53052

In the following black hole model, electrons and positrons form a neutral gas which is confined by gravitation. The smaller masses are supported against gravity by electron degeneracy pressure. Larger masses are supported by ideal gas and radiation pressure. In each case, the gas is a polytrope which satisfies the Lane-Emden equation. Solutions are found that yield the physical properties of black holes, for the range 1000 to 100 billion solar masses.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[452] viXra:1809.0533 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-27 02:33:38

Electron Properties Explained as Quantum Field Effects

Authors: Ray Fleming
Comments: 9 Pages.

Electrons are surrounded by the quantum field, so it is necessary to understand the response of the quantum field to the presence of an electron in order to completely understand it. Given the quantum field particle pair model, and consequently polar nature of the quantum field, we can reinterpret Gauss’s Law so that polarization causes charge rather than charge causing polarization. That is how unit charge is independent of particles, and thus the same for all free particles. It is also important to note that as the quantum field becomes polarized, rotation is induced, leading to the spin quantum and magnetic moment. The author has previously shown that mass-energy can be explained as a quantum field effect since, as Dirac first hypothesized, a particle must exert energy for a particle to exist in the quantum field, which equals its mass-energy. This is also true for quantum fluctuation particle pairs, such that their energy and energy continuum are due to the instantaneous local energy of the quantum field exerted on individual quantum fluctuations. Likewise, frequency and wavelength are also a function of this quantum field interaction. This origin of frequency and wavelength also gives us the origin of time and spatial dimensions. An electron behaves like it has a central bare electron that acts as a negative polarizer and is matter as opposed to antimatter. Its remaining properties, including charge, spin, magnetic moment, and mass are explainable as quantum field effects.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[451] viXra:1809.0532 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-27 02:35:53

Particle Spin and Magnetic Moment as Quantum Field Effects

Authors: Ray Fleming
Comments: 7 Pages.

In a prior paper the author explained how the physical constants arise due to the polarizability and van der Waals torque of the quantum field of standard model quantum field theory. A more detailed development of how spin and magnetic moment arise from the quantum field is presented here. Recognizing that a central charge causes polarization of the quantum field, it is a simple matter to explain how the polarization process, rather than being random, leads to quantum dipole rotation on a common axis. This leads to spin and magnetic moment even when the central charge is static. This model also shows why the g-factor is approximately two instead of one, and how a semi-classical electron model can avoid the speed of light limit problem. This model can also be applied to protons by considering that a proton’s magnetic moment is due to its actual radius rather than its Compton wavelength. The neutron magnetic moment is also predicted by this model more accurately than the quark model by assuming an orthogonal combination of the electron and proton magnetic fields.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[450] viXra:1809.0531 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-27 02:37:58

Electrons and Protons Are Produced Together

Authors: Ray Fleming
Comments: 3 Pages.

Since electrons and protons exist we know that they either can be produced or have existed for infinity. The universe, to the best of our knowledge, is electrically neutral indicating that the number of electrons and protons is equal. So, if electrons and protons can be produced, their production rate must be equal to many decimal places. Given the differences between electrons and protons we would not expect this to be the case unless they are produced together in an interaction. The existence of the quantum field of mainstream quantum field theory shows us that energy is available to account for electron and proton production. And, under the particle pair model for the quantum field, a version of the particles already exists allowing for particle production to be a simple conversion process that conserves energy. It is incumbent on physicists to take the question of electron and proton production seriously as humans should be able to understand and replicate electron and proton production.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[449] viXra:1809.0530 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-27 09:15:49

Self-Amplified Research: A Sustainable Avalanche?

Authors: István Daruka
Comments: 9 Pages.

We elaborate briefly on the tacit metamorphosis of scientific research evolving from the contemplative, curiosity driven phase into the industrial, profit-driven phase. It appears that the involved positive feedback mechanisms render the current, postmodern research system an exponentially bursting complex object, persistently expanding further in a self-locked, 'confined to grow' setting. This current, highly effective research system involving millions of scientists worldwide is generally considered as a paramount success story, so there is not much internal driving force emerging towards the critical, multilateral investigation and assessment of long-term research dynamics. Here we discuss some emergent, potentially menacing consequences, including inflation-instabilities and complexity related systemic risks of the current, self-amplified research trends. Our hope is to raise attention and initiate interdisciplinary calls on these covert, yet crucial issues, in order to keep our research system genuinely sustainable, enabling science to serve the peace and well-being of humankind further.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[448] viXra:1809.0529 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-27 04:55:04

Zmodyfikowana Dynamika Newtonowska

Authors: Dariusz Dudało
Comments: 3 Pages.

Zmodyfikowana dynamika newtonowska
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[447] viXra:1809.0528 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-03 11:42:49

Conformal Symmetry Breaking in Einstein-Cartan Gravity Coupled to the Electroweak Theory

Authors: J. Lee Montag
Comments: 7 Pages. errata

We develop an alternative to the Higgs mechanism for spontaneously breaking the local SU(2)xU(1) gauge invariance of the Electroweak Theory by coupling to Einstein-Cartan gravity in curved spacetime. The theory exhibits a local scale invariance in the unbroken phase, while the gravitational sector does not propagate according to the conventional quantum field theory definition. We define a unitary gauge for the local SU(2) invariance which results in a complex Higgs scalar field. This approach fixes the local SU(2) gauge without directly breaking the local U(1). We show how the electroweak symmetry can be spontaneously broken by choosing a reference mass scale to fix the local scale invariance. The mass terms for the quantum fields are then generated without adding any additional symmetry breaking terms to the theory. We point out subtle differences of the quantum field interactions in the broken phase.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[446] viXra:1809.0527 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-25 08:08:55

Quantum Pancake

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

An experiment with a cloud of ultracold atoms squashed into a quantum pancake has revealed never-before seen quantum effects that could lead to more efficient electronics, including high temperature superconductors. [35] Experiments based on atoms in a shaken artificial crystal made of light offer novel insight into the physics of quantum many-body systems, which might help in the development of future data-storage technologies. [34] A new scheme from researchers in Singapore and Japan could help customers establish trust in buying time on such machines—and protect companies from dishonest customers. [33] A joint China-Austria team has performed quantum key distribution between the quantum-science satellite Micius and multiple ground stations located in Xinglong (near Beijing), Nanshan (near Urumqi), and Graz (near Vienna). [32] In the race to build a computer that mimics the massive computational power of the human brain, researchers are increasingly turning to memristors, which can vary their electrical resistance based on the memory of past activity. [31] Engineers worldwide have been developing alternative ways to provide greater memory storage capacity on even smaller computer chips. Previous research into two-dimensional atomic sheets for memory storage has failed to uncover their potential— until now. [30] Scientists used spiraling X-rays at the Lab) to observe, for the first time, a property that gives handedness to swirling electric patterns – dubbed polar vortices – in a synthetically layered material. [28] To build tomorrow's quantum computers, some researchers are turning to dark excitons, which are bound pairs of an electron and the absence of an electron called a hole. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[445] viXra:1809.0526 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-25 08:51:37

Quantum Leap for Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Amherst will develop sensors that enlist the seemingly weird properties of quantum physics to probe for dark matter particles in new ways, with increased sensitivity, and in uncharted regions. [33] A huge U.K.-built titanium chamber designed to keep its contents at a cool-100C and weighing as much as an SUV has been shipped to the United States, where it will soon become part of a next-generation dark matter detector to hunt for the long-theorised elusive dark matter particle called a WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle). [32] An international team of scientists that includes University of California, Riverside, physicist Hai-Bo Yu has imposed conditions on how dark matter may interact with ordinary matter—constraints that can help identify the elusive dark matter particle and detect it on Earth. [31] A Multiverse—where our Universe is only one of many—might not be as inhospitable to life as previously thought, according to new research. [30] Astrophysicists from the University of Surrey and the University of Edinburgh have created a new method to measure the amount of dark matter at the centre of tiny "dwarf" galaxies. [29] A research team of multiple institutes, including the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and University of Tokyo, released an unprecedentedly wide and sharp dark matter map based on the newly obtained imaging data by Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope. [28] A signal caused by the very first stars to form in the universe has been picked up by a tiny but highly specialised radio telescope in the remote Western Australian desert.
Category: Quantum Physics

[444] viXra:1809.0525 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-25 09:08:38

Single Atom Information Storage

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Scientists at Radboud University discovered a new mechanism for magnetic storage of information in the smallest unit of matter: a single atom. [22] One of these are single-atom magnets: storage devices consisting of individual atoms stuck ("adsorbed") on a surface, each atom able to store a single bit of data that can be written and read using quantum mechanics. [21] Physicists have experimentally demonstrated 18-qubit entanglement, which is the largest entangled state achieved so far with individual control of each qubit. [20] University of Adelaide-led research has moved the world one step closer to reliable, high-performance quantum computing. [19] A team of researchers with members from IBM Research-Zurich and RWTH Aachen University has announced the development of a new PCM (phase change memory) design that offers miniaturized memory cell volume down to three nanometers. [18] Monatomic glassy antimony might be used as a new type of single-element phase change memory. [17] Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16] Quantum memories are devices that can store quantum information for a later time, which are usually implemented by storing and re-emitting photons with certain quantum states. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11]
Category: Quantum Physics

[443] viXra:1809.0521 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-25 22:50:02

Mere(ly) Christianity

Authors: John Roach
Comments: 3 Pages.

MERE(LY) CHRISTIANITY Dedicated to C.S. Lewis Responding to VIXRA 1808.0021 & VIXRA 1808.0039
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[442] viXra:1809.0518 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-26 02:51:47

Dark Matter Maps in the Universe

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

Today, an international group of researchers, including Carnegie Mellon University's Rachel Mandelbaum, released the deepest wide field map of the three-dimensional distribution of matter in the universe ever made and increased the precision of constraints for dark energy with the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey (HSC). [21] Scientists are hoping to understand one of the most enduring mysteries in cosmology by simulating its effect on the clustering of galaxies. [20] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved nearly $1 million in funding for the research team, which has been tasked with leveraging large-scale computer simulations and developing new statistical methods to help us better understand these fundamental forces. [19] According to a new study, they could also potentially detect dark matter, if dark matter is composed of a particular kind of particle called a "dark photon." [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[441] viXra:1809.0517 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-25 10:09:14

1i/2017 u1 Oumuamua: Metamorphosis During Journey to Inner Solar System

Authors: José J. Astorkia
Comments: 9 Pages. Extended in viXra:1811.0040 about anomalous acceleration. Copyleft

The first interstellar interloper observed 1I/2017 U1 OUMUAMUA presents unexpected features in a interstellar minor body. This paper looks plausibility of changes in these features in solar system. And search a mechanism for these changes.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[440] viXra:1809.0515 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 07:45:56

Fractales Del Tipo Newton Asociados al Polinomio: P(z)=z^9+3z^6+3z^3-1,z Complejo.

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 15 Pages.

En esta nota mostramos algunos fractales del tipo Newton asociados al polinomio: p(z)=z^9+3z^6+3z^3-1,z complejo.
Category: Geometry

[439] viXra:1809.0514 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 07:49:36

On Catalan's Constant: Upgrade 1

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 4 Pages.

This note presents an integral for Catalan's constant.
Category: Number Theory

[438] viXra:1809.0513 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 07:56:20

Question 475: Pi , Fractals and Formulas

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this note we give some fractals and formulas for Pi: pi=3.1415926535...
Category: General Mathematics

[437] viXra:1809.0512 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 07:53:58

Green IT Solutions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

The findings, which have been published in Science Advances, open up new ways to create and manipulate complex magnetic structures and use these structures for green IT applications. [32] Unique physical properties of these "magic knots" might help to satisfy demand for IT power and storage using a fraction of the energy. [31] A skyrmion is the magnetic version of a tornado which is obtained by replacing the air parcels that make up the tornado by magnetic spins, and by scaling the system down to the nanometre scale. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[436] viXra:1809.0511 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 07:59:39

Question 476: A Trigonometric Integral

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 3 Pages.

Some remarks on a trigonometric integral.
Category: General Mathematics

[435] viXra:1809.0510 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 09:05:05

Ai Create 100,000 New Tunes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

"It will be interesting to see if this collection is used to train future generations of computer models," Sturm says. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[434] viXra:1809.0509 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 09:10:47

A Derivation of the Kerr–Newman Metric Using Ellipsoid Coordinate Transformation

Authors: Yu-Ching, Chou
Comments: 7 Pages.

The Kerr–Newman metric describes a special rotating charged mass and is the most general solution for the asymptotically stable “black-hole” solution in the Einstein–Maxwell equations in general relativity. Because these are nonlinear partial differential equations, it is difficult to find an exact analytical solution other than spherical symmetry. This study presented a new derivation of the Kerr–Newman metric which is an extension of the authors’ previous research. Using the ellipsoid symmetry of space-time in the Kerr metric, an ellipsoidal coordinate transformation method was performed and the Kerr–Newman metric was more intuitively obtained.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[433] viXra:1809.0508 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 09:38:30

Hydrogen Supershell in the Milky Way

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 80 Pages.

A duo of researchers from the Czech Republic has performed a study of the neutral hydrogen supershell known as GS242-03+37, a large structure in the Milky Way galaxy. [43] The energy transfer processes that occur in this collisionless space plasma are believed to be based on wave-particle interactions such as particle acceleration by plasma waves and spontaneous wave generation, which enable energy and momentum transfer. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36]
Category: Astrophysics

[432] viXra:1809.0507 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 10:09:22

Chip Up AI Performance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Princeton researchers, in collaboration with Analog Devices Inc., have fabricated a chip that markedly boosts the performance and efficiency of neural networks—computer algorithms modeled on the workings of the human brain. [28] "It will be interesting to see if this collection is used to train future generations of computer models," Sturm says. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[431] viXra:1809.0506 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 10:28:49

Sensor Surface on Robot Skin

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Robots will be able to conduct a wide variety of tasks as well as humans if they can be given tactile sensing capabilities. [25] A new type of artificial-intelligence-driven chemistry could r evolutionise the way molecules are discovered, scientists claim. [24] Tired of writing your own boring code for new software? Finally, there's an AI that can do it for you. [23] Welcome to Move Mirror, where you move in front of your webcam. [22] Understanding how a robot will react under different conditions is essential to guaranteeing its safe operation. [21] Marculescu, along with ECE Ph.D. student Chieh Lo, has developed a machine learning algorithm—called MPLasso—that uses data to infer associations and interactions between microbes in the GI microbiome. [20] A team of researchers from the University of Muenster in Germany has now demonstrated that this combination is extremely well suited to planning chemical syntheses—so-called retrosyntheses—with unprecedented efficiency. [19] Two physicists at ETH Zurich and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have developed a novel machine-learning algorithm that analyses large data sets describing a physical system and extract from them the essential information needed to understand the underlying physics. [18] have come up with a novel machine learning method that enables scientists to derive insights from systems of previously intractable complexity in record time. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[430] viXra:1809.0505 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 13:03:16

There Exists a Prime in Any Interval from A^2 to A(A±1), for All A>1

Authors: Joseph Dise
Comments: 2 Pages.

A short demonstration of the title claim, which proves the Legendre conjecture and potentially other conjectures.
Category: Number Theory

[429] viXra:1809.0504 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 14:01:48

Some Relations for the Q-Pochhammer Symbol, the Q-Binomial Coefficient, the Q-Bracket, the Q-Factorial and the Q-Gamma Function

Authors: Edigles Guedes
Comments: 11 Pages.

I deduce some relations for the q-Pochhammer symbol, the q-binomial coefficient, the q-bracket, the q-factorial and the q-Gamma function.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[428] viXra:1809.0503 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 16:12:05

An Elementary Proof of the ABC Conjecture

Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 4 Pages. Comments welcome.

We give an elementary proof of the ABC conjecture.
Category: Number Theory

[427] viXra:1809.0502 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-25 02:02:33

Which Infrastructure for Which Forest Function? Analyzing the Multifunctionality Through the Social-Ecological System Framework

Authors: Mojtaba Houballah, Jean-Denis Mathias, Thomas Cordonnier
Comments: 30 Pages.

Landscapes are subjected to ecological and socio-economic forces of change, interacting in complex ways. To cope with these changes, landscape planning of natural resource management consists of integrating socio-cultural, ecological, and economic considerations in an analytic and systemic way. In this vein, social-ecological systems (SES) frameworks have been developed to help in analyzing key factors that derive the dynamics of such complex adaptive systems. For forests, multi-functional management, which also highlights the ecological and the socio-economic roles of forests for society, has become a central objective for several European countries (e.g. France, Italy, Germany). However, tools and conceptual approaches related to SES frameworks that enable us to understand the mechanisms behind such management approaches are still lacking. This study adopts Ostrom’s SES framework and Anderies robustness framework to highlight how forestry institutions affect forest ecosystem, forest functions, and social arrangements. As an illustration, we apply our analysis to the Quatre-Montagne forest, located in the South-East of France, where multifunctional forest management is a major objective. We first consider the SES framework to construct a diagnosis of the Quatre-Montagne forest specifying the first-tier and second-tier variables. From this analysis, we highlight the importance of physical/social infrastructures in shaping the interactions between components of the SES. We outline that the robustness framework, developed by Anderies, serves to better explain management options of an ecologically-based SES. We discuss implications, based on our infrastructure analysis, which can be used when establishing management design for efficient forest management.
Category: Social Science

[426] viXra:1809.0500 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-25 03:31:05

New Way to Count Qubits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Researchers at Syracuse University, working with collaborators at the University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison, have developed a new technique for measuring the state of quantum bits, or qubits, in a quantum computer. [23] Researchers at the University of Twente, working with colleagues at the Technical Universities of Delft and Eindhoven, have successfully developed a new and interesting building block. [22] Researchers at the Institut d'Optique Graduate School at the CNRS and Université Paris-Saclay in France have used a laser-based technique to rearrange cold atoms one-by-one into fully ordered 3D patterns. [21] Reduced entropy in a three-dimensional lattice of super-cooled, laser-trapped atoms could help speed progress toward creating quantum computers. [20] Under certain conditions, an atom can cause other atoms to emit a flash of light. At TU Wien (Vienna), this quantum effect has now been measured. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating—something that is impossible in classical physics. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[425] viXra:1809.0499 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-25 04:53:00

AI Improve Drug Combination

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

A new auto-commentary published in SLAS Technology looks at how an emerging area of artificial intelligence, specifically the analysis of small systems-of-interest specific datasets, can be used to improve drug development and personalized medicine. [25] And if that isn't surprising enough, try this one: in many cases, doctors have no idea what side effects might arise from adding another drug to a patient's personal pharmacy. [24] Intel's Gadi Singer believes his most important challenge is his latest: using artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape scientific exploration. [23] Artificial intelligence is astonishing in its potential. It will be more transformative than the PC and the Internet. Already it is poised to solve some of our biggest challenges. [22] In the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), we've often looked for signs of intelligence, technology and communication that are similar to our own. [21] Call it an aMAZE -ing development: A U.K.-based team of researchers has developed an artificial intelligence program that can learn to take shortcuts through a labyrinth to reach its goal. In the process, the program developed structures akin to those in the human brain. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18] have come up with a novel machine learning method that enables scientists to derive insights from systems of previously intractable complexity in record time. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[424] viXra:1809.0498 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-25 04:58:22

Bohm's Potential, Classical/Quantum Duality and Repulsive Gravity

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 12 Pages. submitted to Physics Letters B

We propose the notion of a classical/quantum $duality$ in the gravitational case (it can be extended to other interactions). By this one means $exchanging$ Bohm's quantum potential for the classical potential $ V_Q \leftrightarrow V $ in the stationary quantum Hamilton-Jacobi equation (QHJE) so that $ V_Q + V = - V_0$ ($V_0$ is the ground state energy). Despite that the corresponding Schr\"{o}dinger equations, and their solutions differ, their associated quantum Hamilton-Jacobi equation, and $ground$ state energy remains the $same$. This is how the classical/quantum duality is implemented. In this scenario Bohm's quantum potential (which coincides with the attractive Newtonian potential) is now correlated to a classical $repulsive$ gravitational potential (plus a constant ). These results suggest that there might be a $quantum$ origin to the classical $repulsive$ gravitational behavior (of the accelerated expansion) of the universe which is based on this notion of classical/quantum $duality$.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[423] viXra:1809.0495 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-02 22:42:59

Sarva Vidya - The Essence of Everything

Authors: Sai Venkatesh Balasubramanian
Comments: 216 Pages.

All the aspects of wisdom are covered in a smooth flow, that can completely explain the universe in all its levels. The ultimate spiritual source is Advaita Vedanta and Sri Vidya. From there, Mysticism and Spiritual Path follows, as do perspectives and mindsets. These give rise to measurement - hypernumbers and numbers, arithmetic and geometry. Hypernumbers arise from the flow of mind, and may describe anything from science to art to fiction, fantasy and even dreams - the possibility space is infinite. The physical world though is a restriction of the possibilities through the system of logic. The special shape of Sri Yantra is formed, unraveling in 8 dimensions to give the most perfect shape - E8. The Sri Yantra yields through Avaranas, the nine digits of our number system, which describes the physical world, and along with it, all mathematical operations, geometry etc. The E8 acquires context as physical charges, and forms the underlying basis of a system of chaotic signals acting as qubits, entangling the 8 states to give 240 subatomic particles. Breaking the E8 symmetry through a non-zero Higgs Field creates space time, and our universe is born. It expands, giving rise to Dark Energy, and creating various states of matter including Dark Matter. Particles, ions, atoms, and molecules are successively created, leading to macromolecules such as RNA and DNA. Their sustenance and signaling abilities facilitate the genesis of life. The Genetic Code is seen to arise from the concepts embodied by Sri Yantra. This gives rise to the Vedic language - the ancestor to all spoken language on Earth. Genetic Code and evolution leads to ultimately humans, whose populations lead to races in different regions of the world, explained by Y-DNA Haplogroup mutations as Manvantaras. As civilizations slowly grow, Vedic language slowly transforms into many local languages, who then lose touch with Vedic wisdom. To ensure spiritual wisdom is not lost, the Divine manifests in different forms in different regions. These are the birth of religions. A person whose mind is sufficiently purified by religion enters mystic and spiritual realms of thought, and enters the spiritual process of sixteen stages. This takes us back to the Truth of Advaita, and the cycle is complete.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[422] viXra:1809.0494 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-23 07:42:03

Perovskite Semiconductors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[421] viXra:1809.0493 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-23 08:13:45

3-D Maps of Cell Membrane Fusion

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

New 3-D maps of water distribution during cellular membrane fusion are accelerating scientific understanding of cell development, which could lead to new treatments for diseases associated with cell fusion. [43] Thanks to the invention of a technique called super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, it has recently become possible to view even the smaller parts of a living cell. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41] All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

[420] viXra:1809.0492 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-23 08:39:53

International Neutrino Experiment

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

The largest liquid-argon neutrino detector in the world has just recorded its first particle tracks, signaling the start of a new chapter in the story of the international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). [17] While these experiments seem miniature in comparison to others, they could reveal answers about neutrinos that have been hiding from physicists for decades. [16] In a paper published today in the European Physical Journal C, the ATLAS Collaboration reports the first high-precision measurement at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the mass of the W boson. [15] A team of researchers at the University of Michigan has conducted a thought experiment regarding the nature of a universe that could support life without the weak force. [14] The international T2K Collaboration announces a first indication that the dominance of matter over antimatter may originate from the fact that neutrinos and antineutrinos behave differently during those oscillations. [13] Neutrinos are a challenge to study because their interactions with matter are so rare. Particularly elusive has been what's known as coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, which occurs when a neutrino bumps off the nucleus of an atom. [12] Lately, neutrinos – the tiny, nearly massless particles that many scientists study to better understand the fundamental workings of the universe – have been posing a problem for physicists. [11] Physicists have hypothesized the existence of fundamental particles called sterile neutrinos for decades and a couple of experiments have even caught possible hints of them. However, according to new results from two major international consortia, the chances that these indications were right and that these particles actually exist are now much slimmer. [10] The MIT team studied the distribution of neutrino flavors generated in Illinois, versus those detected in Minnesota, and found that these distributions can be explained most readily by quantum phenomena: As neutrinos sped between the reactor and detector, they were statistically most likely to be in a state of superposition, with no definite flavor or identity. [9] A new study reveals that neutrinos produced in the core of a supernova are highly localised compared to neutrinos from all other known sources.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[419] viXra:1809.0491 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-23 09:08:02

Nuclear Binding Energy Fails (Is Mass Spectrometry Accurate?)

Authors: Chan Rasjid Kah Chew
Comments: 10 Pages.

Mass spectrometry measures atomic masses giving precision of 10^{-10}, but its accuracy has not been verified - precision and accuracy are two independent aspects. The Lorentz force law underlying mass spectrometry has not been verified. In the 1920's, the atomic masses of some elements measured through the early mass spectrometers showed some discrepancies from the `whole-number-rule' of atomic weights. The physics community accepted the discrepancies from whole numbers to be correct; they proposed the concept of `mass defects'. This, together with the mass energy equivalence of E = mc^2 allowed Arthur Eddington to propose a new `sub-atomic' energy to account for the source of the energy of the sun to be in line with the 15 billion age of the sun in their theory. They never entertained the other simpler option - that their mass spectrometers were only approximately good. If the atomic masses of nuclides were to be just whole numbers equal to the mass number in atomic mass unit, it would be a confirmation of the law of mass conservation in the atomic and subatomic world. The key to decide the fate of nuclear physics is in sodium fluoride NaF. Sodium and fluorine occur in nature only as single stable isotopes. A chemical analysis of NaF with the current analytical balance to determine the relative atomic mass of Na/F would decide conclusively if mass spectrometry is accurate. The current relative atomic mass of Na/F is : 22.989769/18.998403 or 1.210089; the ratio of the mass number of Na/F is : 23/19 or 1.210526. The accuracy of mass spectrometry would be confirmed if the value is 1.210089 +- 0.000012. Otherwise, if the value is 1.210526 +- 0.000012, it would mean a confirmation of the law of conservation of mass. The implications of such a scenario is beyond imagination - the whole world of nuclear physics would collapse.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[418] viXra:1809.0490 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-23 09:07:54

Laser Power in Real Time

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

To address this need, researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have been developing a laser power sensor that could be built into manufacturing devices for real-time measurements. [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[417] viXra:1809.0489 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-23 10:41:57

Average IQ of the Brightest Kid in School

Authors: John R. Berryhill
Comments: 6 pages, 3 Figs., License Creative Commons 4.0

The individual IQ score is regarded as an indicator of general intelligence and a predictor of educational attainment. What, on average, would be the highest IQ found in a typical American high school? This question is addressed by means of a Monte Carlo simulation under reasonable assumptions. The answer is a number in the neighborhood of 150.
Category: Education and Didactics

[416] viXra:1809.0488 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-12 15:48:04

A Study of the Sum Three or More Consecutive Natural Numbers

Authors: Emmanuil Manousos
Comments: 33 Pages.

It holds that every product of natural numbers can also be written as a sum. The inverse does not hold when 1 is excluded from the product. For this reason, the investigation of natural numbers should be done through their sum and not through their product. Such an investigation is presented in the present article. We prove that primes play the same role for odd numbers as the powers of 2 for even numbers, and vice versa. The following theorem is proven: “Every natural number, except for 0 and 1, can be uniquely written as a linear combination of consecutive powers of 2 with the coefficients of the linear combination being -1 or +1.” This theorem reveals a set of symmetries in the internal order of natural numbers which cannot be derived when studying natural numbers on the basis of the product. From such a symmetry a method for identifying large prime numbers is derived. We prove a factorization test for the natural numbers.
Category: Number Theory

[415] viXra:1809.0485 [pdf] replaced on 2019-06-12 14:05:41

On The Non-Real Nature of x.0 (x in R*): The Set of Null Imaginary Numbers

Authors: Saulo Jorge
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this work I axiomatize the result of $x \cdot 0$ ($x\in\real_{\ne 0}$) as a number $\inull(x)$ that has a null real part (denoted as $\Re(\inull(x))=0$) but that is not real. This implies that $y+\Re(\inull(x)) = y$ but $y+\inull(x) = y + x\cdot 0 \not=y$, $y\in\real_{\ne 0}$. From this I define the set of null imaginary numbers $\nullset=\{\inull(x)=x\cdot 0|\forall x\in\real_{\ne 0}\}$ and present its elementary algebra taking the axiom of uniqueness as base (i.e., if $x\ne y\Leftrightarrow \inull(x)\ne \inull(y)$). Under the condition of existence of $\nullset$ I show that division by zero can be defined without causing inconsistencies in elementary algebra.
Category: Algebra

[414] viXra:1809.0484 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 01:11:39

Heretical Physics Fake 'G'

Authors: John E. Miller
Comments: 15 Pages.

Newton’s ‘G’ is a measure of the error in assigning gravitational ‘g’ to be caused by mass. Newspapers continually report the failure of Students to enroll for the Physics curriculum. Also for those who do, there is a high attrition rate. Prof. Brian Cox (T.V. fame) stated “…common sense is completely worthless and irrelevant when trying to understand reality…” In an average galaxy of a few billion binary stars, each pair shares a common Aether Sphere. Their charge fields keeping them separated within the confines of a compression ‘Aether’ envelope. Pairing seems to be the best compromise of volume to minimum surface area. At a remote location at the extremities, there is a ‘single’ contained in a dust spec a few light hours across, having lost its companion after exploding but leaving behind a debris field. Debris matter, is now compressed by its surroundings, curved SPACE (EVERT; EINSTEIN), and such that each bit of debris is enveloped in an Aether Sphere to minimize energy contact. Such Aether Compression at contact initiates a force labelled ‘gravity’ or ‘g’.(Einstein;- matter tells Space how to curve) Inhabitants of a bit of debris, a blue coloured sphere, calculate this event as occurring 4.5 Billion years past. Each component of the debris field form into helical orbits around their star uniquely. These helixes travel around the Galaxy at 390km/s. There is no energy source between debris components; all energy is supplied by the Galaxy. Aether spheres maintain charge separation, while transporting their polluting debris matter. In this paper a spreadsheet will confirm each Planet and Moon has an independent SUN orbit. The helical 3D structure of planetary transport destroys the Newtonian concept of a 2D disk and its associated tangent as the defining planetary gravitational energy hypothesis. The 390km/s travel of the ‘Ecliptic Plane, a cross section of helical volume, transports Aether spheres in a spin pattern. The “Innate Tangential Velocity?” of all planets is a common 390km/s in a third dimension;- ‘Z’ Quoting Mathis;- ”… Physics no longer exists as mechanics, but replaced by ‘slippery maths’…”
Category: Astrophysics

[413] viXra:1809.0482 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 01:50:25

On the Speed of Light and Continuity of Physical Vacuum

Authors: Anatoly V. Belyakov
Comments: 3 Pages.

It is shown that the speed of light can be calculated on the basis of the velocity equation of the waves propagating along a liquid surface. This gives reason to believe that the vacuum medium, being discrete, simultaneously possesses the property of continuity, like the surface of an ideal fluid.
Category: Classical Physics

[412] viXra:1809.0481 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 03:45:57

The Riemann Hypothesis

Authors: Michael Atiyah
Comments: 5 Pages.

The Riemann Hypothesis is a famous unsolved problem dating from 1859. This paper will present a simple proof using a radically new approach. It is based on work of von Neumann (1936), Hirzebruch (1954) and Dirac (1928).
Category: Functions and Analysis

[411] viXra:1809.0480 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-24 03:52:23

Phase Transition-Induced Electrical Voltage

Authors: Yuanjie Huang
Comments: 14 Pages.

Non-uniform phase transitions are widespread phenomena in nature. Previous conventional investigations gave pressure and temperature dependence of phase regions and phase transitions, i.e. P-T phase diagrams. At interfaces of different phases, here we reveal an electrical potential named after Haiyan Zang potential which arises from Fermi level alterations upon phase transitions. This potential may be a key for phase transition dynamics. It can induce a strong intrinsic electric field at interfaces, and the related electrical energy may cancel interfacial energy of nucleus so that they could stably exist and grow. The induced intrinsic electric field may act as another dimension, and the conventional P-T phase diagrams should be changed to be pressure-temperature-electric field (P-T-E) phase diagrams. These findings that Haiyan Zang potential and its induced intrinsic electric field at interface may offer people new understandings on phase diagrams and phase transition dynamics.
Category: Condensed Matter

[410] viXra:1809.0478 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-22 05:44:27

Was Mars Terraformed

Authors: Greg Orme
Comments: 103 Pages.

This consists of a chapter from my book “Why We Must Go to Mars” and two unpublished papers. It examines the hypothesis that Mars was visited billions of years ago by aliens. They terraformed Mars by a series of oblique impacts aimed at the poles, these formed volcanoes on them including Tharsis, Olympus Mons, and Elysium Mons. The volcanoes outgassed thickening the atmosphere, they also sublimated the frozen atmosphere at the poles. The polar ice was also melted, this is traced in how it formed the Martian oceans. The rise of these volcanoes, particularly Tharsis, caused an imbalance of the planet inducing polar wander. The South Pole settled for a time a few hundred kilometres west of Hellas, the three main Martian faces (Cydonia Face, King Face, and Nefertiti) were on a great circle probably defining this former equator. Many possibly artificial formations follow this old equator. When the volcanoes cooled the atmosphere and oceans froze again at the poles, this moved them to their current positions. It also caused the extinction of the hypothesized alien colony. These papers are dated but indicate how the hypotheses of polar wander explain many of the fluvial and glacial formations on Mars.
Category: Astrophysics

[409] viXra:1809.0477 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-22 07:37:41

More and More Evidences for the Social Services of Sivasamy Soundararajan

Authors: Sivasamy Soundararajan
Comments: 14 Pages. NA

In this article, More and more evidences for the social services of Sivasamy Soundararajan
Category: Social Science

[408] viXra:1809.0475 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-22 07:39:54

Graphene Control of Spins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

University of Groningen physicists in collaboration with a theoretical physics group from Universität Regensburg have built an optimized bilayer graphene device that displays both long spin lifetimes and electrically controllable spin-lifetime anisotropy. [20] Researchers working at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) coupled graphene, a monolayer form of carbon, with thin layers of magnetic materials like cobalt and nickel to produce exotic behavior in electrons that could be useful for next-generation computing applications. [19]
Category: Condensed Matter

[407] viXra:1809.0473 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-22 08:31:02

Neural Networks Identify Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 85 Pages.

The work will help to improve the sensitivity of detection for the PandaX-III neutrinoless double beta decay experiment, and deepen our knowledge of the nature of neutrinos. [45] The interactions of quarks and gluons are computed using lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD)—a computer-friendly version of the mathematical framework that describes these strong-force interactions. [44] The building blocks of matter in our universe were formed in the first 10 microseconds of its existence, according to the currently accepted scientific picture. [43] In a recent experiment at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, plasma electrons in the paths of intense laser light pulses were almost instantly accelerated close to the speed of light. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[406] viXra:1809.0472 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-22 12:54:37

A Generalization of the Levi-Civita Connection

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 2 pages, written in english

We define here a generalization of the well-know Levi-Civita connection. We choose an automorphism and define a connection with help of a (non-symmetric) bilinear form.
Category: Geometry

[405] viXra:1809.0469 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-22 15:11:02

Spin Radiation from a Rotating Dipole

Authors: Radi Khapko
Comments: 6 Pages. The paper represents an unknown physical phenomenon

When the canonical spin tensor is used, a spin is detected along the axis of rotation of a rotating electric dipole. Early this spin radiation was obtained by Feynman in the frame of quantum mechanics. The magnitude of the spin flux is half the flux of the angular momentum that is emitted by a rotating dipole, according to modern electrodynamics, and this angular momentum flux is recognized here as an orbital angular momentum. Thus, the total angular momentum flux exceeds 1.5 times the value now recognized. It is shown that the torque experienced by a rotating dipole from the field is equal in magnitude to this total angular momentum flux
Category: Classical Physics

[404] viXra:1809.0468 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-22 19:01:29

The Solar Group Main Equation (Part 2)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 8 Pages.

C2= 90000 mkmm (my claim) 90000 mkm = 86400 mkm +3413 mkm +187 mkm We continue our discussion concerning the solar group main equation… The Equation tells new information: 1-The Planet Motion depends on the solar group geometrical structure and not on the gravity forces. 2-Metonic and Saros Cycles both of them originated from the same source which causes their relationship and dependency
Category: Astrophysics

[403] viXra:1809.0466 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-23 05:15:32

Boundaries of Optical Microscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Thanks to the invention of a technique called super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, it has recently become possible to view even the smaller parts of a living cell. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41] All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[402] viXra:1809.0465 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-21 07:02:17

Phase Transition in QCD

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

The building blocks of matter in our universe were formed in the first 10 microseconds of its existence, according to the currently accepted scientific picture. [43] In a recent experiment at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, plasma electrons in the paths of intense laser light pulses were almost instantly accelerated close to the speed of light. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[401] viXra:1809.0464 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-21 08:25:58

Quantum Communication Breakthrough

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Quantum Communication Breakthrough Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[400] viXra:1809.0463 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-21 09:03:01

Supercomputer QCD Simulation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 83 Pages.

The interactions of quarks and gluons are computed using lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD)—a computer-friendly version of the mathematical framework that describes these strong-force interactions. [44] The building blocks of matter in our universe were formed in the first 10 microseconds of its existence, according to the currently accepted scientific picture. [43] In a recent experiment at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, plasma electrons in the paths of intense laser light pulses were almost instantly accelerated close to the speed of light. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[399] viXra:1809.0461 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-21 09:40:43

Some More Important Evidences for the Social Services of S. Soundararajan

Authors: S. Soundararajan
Comments: 59 Pages. NA

In this articles, some more concrete evidences for the asocial services of Sivasamy Soundararajan have been elaborately given.
Category: Social Science

[398] viXra:1809.0460 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 07:11:47

Quantum Anomaly with Ultracold Atoms

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

A FLEET study of ultracold atomic gases—a billionth the temperature of outer space— has unlocked new, fundamental quantum effects. [26] Symmetry plays a fundamental role in understanding complex quantum matter, particularly in classifying topological quantum phases, which have attracted great interests in the recent decade. [25] Four decades after it was predicted, scientist create a skyrmion, and take one step towards efficient nuclear fusion. [24] While standard quantum hardware entangles particles in two states, the team has found a way to generate and entangle pairs of particles that each has 15 states. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18] Thermal conductivity is one of the most crucial physical properties of matter when it comes to understanding heat transport, hydrodynamic evolution and energy balance in systems ranging from astrophysical objects to fusion plasmas. [17] Researchers from the Theory Department of the MPSD have realized the control of thermal and electrical currents in nanoscale devices by means of quantum local observations. [16]
Category: Quantum Physics

[397] viXra:1809.0459 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 07:47:57

Duration of Photoelectric Effect

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

For the first time, scientists from the Technical University of Munich (TUM), the Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ), and the TU Wien have now measured the absolute duration of the light absorption and of the resulting photoelectron released from a solid body. [16] Scientists have developed a photoelectrode that can harvest 85 percent of visible light in a 30 nanometers-thin semiconductor layer between gold layers, converting light energy 11 times more efficiently than previous methods. [15] The tool allows engineers to design new classes of radio frequency-based components that are able to transport large amounts of data more rapidly, and with less noise interference. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[396] viXra:1809.0458 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 08:15:39

Quantum Dot Sense Changes in Another

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Researchers at Osaka University have recently developed the first device based on two self-assembled quantum dots that can measure the single-electron charge of one quantum dot using a second as a sensor. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins—just a hair above absolute zero—and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been " squeezed " to a record low. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[395] viXra:1809.0457 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 08:52:04

Electrons in Perovskite Crystals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient.
Category: Condensed Matter

[394] viXra:1809.0456 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 09:24:14

Fiber Optic Sensor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Researchers have developed a light-based technique for measuring very weak magnetic fields, such as those produced when neurons fire in the brain. [29] have demonstrated a 4000 kilometre fibre-optical transmission link using ultra low-noise, phase-sensitive optical amplifiers. [28] Researchers at the University of York have shown that a new quantum-based procedure for distributing secure information along communication lines could be successful in preventing serious security breaches. [27] In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist – a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal—a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse—in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[393] viXra:1809.0455 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 09:52:32

Dark Heat

Authors: Kadir Aydogdu
Comments: 46 Pages.

To understand the relation between heat and temperature, physicists are modeling them as radiation and average kinetic energy, however in this thesis we will explain them as heat particles in the eyes of particle physics by analyzing the energy density functions. In thesis, this heat particle becomes the energy itself and carries constant mass, conservative forces and potential energy that is dependent to the distance between particles. Moreover, we will assume that the interaction between these particles result a radiation as blackbody distributed photons, in addition, interaction of these particles with other particles that we know result kinetic and other types of potential energy exchanges as we know as photon exchange. We will start with analyzing laws and theories that we trust, then we will try to find how these heat particles behave and how they interact with each other by modeling heat inside the black body box and heat inside photons as smallest particles and we will discuss how energy density changes in vacuum. By working with many particle systems, we will assume that energy density of the vacuum is dependent to conserved potential and we will try to find some proportionality about it. After finding constants and proportionalities, we will try to predict how every physical interaction happen and we will discuss every biggest physical problem in the eyes of our theory. Finally, we will be discussing one particle physics model in which everything made from just one particle.
Category: Quantum Physics

[392] viXra:1809.0454 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 11:33:44

Unfalsifiable Conjectures in Mathematics

Authors: Craig Alan Feinstein
Comments: Progress in Physics, 2018 (vol. 14), issue 4, pages 213-214

It is generally accepted among scientists that an unfalsifiable theory, a theory which can never conceivably be proven false, can never have any use in science. In this paper, we shall address the question, “Can an unfalsifiable conjecture ever have any use in mathematics?”
Category: General Mathematics

[391] viXra:1809.0451 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 15:57:05

Partial Quantum Tensors of Input and Output Connections

Authors: Andrew Dente
Comments: 10 Pages.

I show how many connections of Γ are presently existing from R to β as they are being inputted simultaneously through tensor products. I plan to address the Quantum state of this tensor connection step by step throughout the application presented. Also, I will show you how to prove that the tensor connection is true through its output method using a wide variety but small amount of tensor calculus methods and number theory. You will patently see the formations of operator functions throughout the application as these two mathematical methods work together.
Category: Quantum Physics

[390] viXra:1809.0450 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-23 14:57:31

How Gas and Force Work Together to Create Geometrical Dispersed Patterns Based On an Object's Shape

Authors: Andrew Dente
Comments: 9 Pages. This manuscript has no operational errors confirmed by reviewers and outside reviewers.

This unique mathematical method for understanding the flow of gas through each individual objects shape will show us how we can produce physical functions for each object based on the dissemination of gas particles in accordance to its shape. We analyze its continuum per shape of the object and the forces acting on the gas which in return produces its own unique function for the given object due to the rate at which forces were applied to the gas. We also get to examine the different changes in the working rate due to the effect of its volume and mass from the given objects shape with our working equation discovered through Green’s and Gaussian functions.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[389] viXra:1809.0449 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-17 16:17:20

A Short and Elementary Proof on Fermat's Last Theorem

Authors: Juan Moreno Borrallo
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this paper it is proved Fermat's Last Theorem using only elementary methods.
Category: Number Theory

[388] viXra:1809.0447 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-13 02:16:02

Accurate Tool Servo Control for Precision Diamond Turning

Authors: Kenneth C. Johnson
Comments: 11 Pages.

An order-of-magnitude improvement diamond turning accuracy can be achieved by interferometrically characterizing a workpiece’s surface form error, and then applying a shallow trim cut with optical profilometry incorporated in the mechanical servo loop to accurately control and correct the cutting depth.
Category: Classical Physics

[387] viXra:1809.0446 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-21 03:24:02

A More Exact G Gravitational Constant Value Established by Dimensional Analysis

Authors: Teodor Ognean
Comments: 8 Pages.

A more exact G gravitational constant value was established by dimensional analysis. This more exact value is equal to 6.674092281∙10^-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2. This result was obtained based on the values of the Planck constant, the Avogadro constant and the Boltzmann constant that will be recommended, in November 2018, by the 26th meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). These constants will be considered, by a resolution of the CGPM, to have exact values. On the base of these exact values, the gravitational constant G is established by calculus. At the same time, the dimensional analysis presented in this article highlights very interesting aspects with respect to the mass.
Category: Classical Physics

[386] viXra:1809.0445 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-21 03:41:02

Combined Theory Of time

Authors: Suraj Deshmukh
Comments: 51 Pages. Contains illustrations.

In this theory I have represented time in a new manner, it treats time to be isolated. After the isolated consideration we merge it with space. In this document we will find a solution to grandfather paradox. We will make a mathematical approach in some other document.
Category: Classical Physics

[385] viXra:1809.0443 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-19 07:45:27

Collected Social Services of Sivasamy Soundararajan

Authors: Sivasamy Soundararajan
Comments: 07 Pages. NA

In this brief article, the collected social services done by Soundararajan Sivasamy has been explained.
Category: Social Science

[384] viXra:1809.0441 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-19 09:36:27

Notes on the Philosophy of Physics with Errata

Authors: Henrique Lara, João Corte-Real, Regina Corte-Real
Comments: 12 Pages. I sent in times, my NOTES ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICS. Now, I send the same Notes with the relevant Errata. I will then send you an Addendum.

The way space has been thought by physics remains an obstacle to the coherent integration between its various theories. The authors seek, with the help of a fundamental analogy, to present a new path for their complete unification.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[383] viXra:1809.0440 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-19 09:44:06

Notes on the Philosophy of Physics Addendum

Authors: Henrique Lara, João Corte-Real, Regina Corte-Real
Comments: 1 Page. feel free to exchange ideas about what the main author (H. Lara) wrote, with the support of the other authors.

The way space has been thought by physics remains an obstacle to the coherent integration between its various theories. The Authors seek, with the help of a fundamental analogy, to present a new path for their complete unification.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[382] viXra:1809.0439 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-19 09:44:00

Hunt for Leptoquarks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

These leptoquarks are proposed in theories attempting to unify the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces. [11] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. New ideas for interactions and particles: This paper examines also the possibility to origin the Spontaneously Broken Symmetries from the Planck Distribution Law. This way we get a Unification of the Strong, Electromagnetic, and Weak Interactions from the interference occurrences of oscillators. Understanding that the relativistic mass change is the result of the magnetic induction we arrive to the conclusion that the Gravitational Force is also based on the electromagnetic forces, getting a Unified Relativistic Quantum Theory of all 4 Interactions.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[381] viXra:1809.0438 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-19 10:25:03

Collision-Free Energy Transfer in Plasma

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

The energy transfer processes that occur in this collisionless space plasma are believed to be based on wave-particle interactions such as particle acceleration by plasma waves and spontaneous wave generation, which enable energy and momentum transfer. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34]
Category: Astrophysics

[380] viXra:1809.0437 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-19 10:43:44

Image Analysis with Deep Learning

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[379] viXra:1809.0436 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-19 12:19:11

Quantum Three-Body Problem

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Researchers at the RUDN University have developed a mathematical method to solve the quantum Coulomb three-body problem for bound states with high accuracy. [30] Ant-Man knows the quantum realm holds shocking revelations and irrational solutions. [29] A new uncertainty relation, linking the precision with which temperature can be measured and quantum mechanics, has been discovered at the University of Exeter. [28] Physicists have demonstrated that energy quantization can improve the efficiency of a single-atom heat engine to exceed the performance of its classical counterpart. [27] A solid can serve as a medium for heat and sound wave interactions just like a fluid does for thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators-resulting in leak-free machines that can stay operating longer. [26] Like watchmakers choosing superior materials to build a fine timepiece, physicists at the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) at the National University of Singapore have singled out an atom that could allow them to build better atomic clocks. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal—a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse—in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[378] viXra:1809.0435 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-19 12:48:23

Our Universe and a Dark Flow.

Authors: Durgadas Datta.
Comments: 2 Pages. NEW PHYSICS AND EMERGENT THEORIES.

Our confusing universe with dark flow, dark matter, dark energy and our observations from a separating speeding vehicle.
Category: Astrophysics

[377] viXra:1809.0434 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-19 14:27:52

Controlling the Gravitational Mass of a Metallic Lamina, and the Gravity Acceleration Above It.

Authors: Fran De Aquino
Comments: 7 Pages.

It is proposed a very simple device for controlling the gravitational mass of a metallic lamina, and the gravity acceleration above it. These effects are obtained when a specific extra-low frequency current passes through a specially designed metallic lamina.
Category: Condensed Matter

[376] viXra:1809.0433 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-19 13:04:41

Errors in the Quantum World

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

These findings raise some fundamental questions—and they're polarising experts. [31] Researchers at the RUDN University have developed a mathematical method to solve the quantum Coulomb three-body problem for bound states with high accuracy. [30] Ant-Man knows the quantum realm holds shocking revelations and irrational solutions. [29] A new uncertainty relation, linking the precision with which temperature can be measured and quantum mechanics, has been discovered at the University of Exeter. [28] Physicists have demonstrated that energy quantization can improve the efficiency of a single-atom heat engine to exceed the performance of its classical counterpart. [27] A solid can serve as a medium for heat and sound wave interactions just like a fluid does for thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators-resulting in leak-free machines that can stay operating longer. [26] Like watchmakers choosing superior materials to build a fine timepiece, physicists at the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) at the National University of Singapore have singled out an atom that could allow them to build better atomic clocks. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal—a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse—in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[375] viXra:1809.0430 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-19 23:14:27

Delayed Choice Experiment and Disconnectedness of Microscopic Space

Authors: Bowen Liu
Comments: 16 Pages.

A brand new approach in the study of quantum experiment is introduced in this paper. The theoretical model of the delayed choice experiment is divided into two parts: micro-matter process model and spatial process model. People have been focusing only on micro-matter process. We focus on the details of the M-C (micro-to-current) space channel: the correspondence from micro-events to current events, the dependence of the validity check of the correspondence on extrinsic recursion invoking itself, the jurisdiction of current space to the micro-collapse. We show that the delayed choice experiment is just a global collapse experiment, and that the carrier of the coordinate difference in the micro-spatial channel is non-local. Consequently, it negates the existence of a common coordinate-difference carrier to micro-space and current space, and negates the connectedness between micro-space and current space. The purpose of this paper is, in terms of the delayed choice experiment, to show that the roots of the counter-intuition of quantum theory is the basic topological nature of space itself (disconnectedness) that forces microscopic matter to exhibit counterintuitive and non-causal features. We show that the delayed choice experiment supports the de-philosophizing Copenhagen interpretation.
Category: Quantum Physics

[374] viXra:1809.0429 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:14:36

(1,N)-Arithmetic Labelling of Ladder and Subdivision of Ladder

Authors: V. Ramachandran
Comments: 8 Pages.

V.Ramachandran and C. Sekar introduced one modulo N graceful where N is any positive integer. In the case N = 2, the labelling is odd graceful and in the case N = 1 the labelling is graceful.
Category: General Mathematics

[373] viXra:1809.0428 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:16:30

3-Difference Cordial Labeling of Corona Related Graphs

Authors: R.Ponraj, M.Maria Adaickalam
Comments: 7 Pages.

A graph with a k-difference cordial labeling is called a k-difference cordial graph.
Category: General Mathematics

[372] viXra:1809.0427 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:17:43

4−Remainder Cordial Labeling of Some Graphs

Authors: R.Ponraj, K.Annathurai, R.Kala
Comments: 8 Pages.

A graph with admits a k-remainder cordial labeling is called a k-remainder cordial graph. In this paper we investigate the 4- remainder cordial behavior of grid, subdivision of crown, Subdivision of bistar, book, Jelly fish, subdivision of Jelly fish, Mongolian tent graphs.
Category: General Mathematics

[371] viXra:1809.0426 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:19:51

Accurate Independent Domination in Graphs

Authors: B.Basavanagoud, Sujata Timmanaikar
Comments: 10 Pages.

All graphs considered here are finite, nontrivial, undirected with no loops and multiple edges. For graph theoretic terminology we refer to Harary.
Category: General Mathematics

[370] viXra:1809.0425 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:20:53

A Class of Lie-admissible Algebras

Authors: Qiuhui Mo, Xiangui Zhao, Qingnian Pan
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper, we study nonassociative algebras which satisfy the following identities: (xy)z = (yx)z,x(yz) = x(zy).
Category: General Mathematics

[369] viXra:1809.0424 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:22:12

Adjacency Matrices of Some Directional Paths and Stars

Authors: Rajesh Kumar T.J, Mathew Varkey T.K
Comments: 7 Pages.

Graph labeling where vertices and edges are assigned values subject to certain conditions have been motivated by various applied mathematical fields. Most of the problems in graph labeling are discussed on undirected graphs. Bloom G.S. and Hsu D.F. defined the labeling on directed graphs. In this paper, we discuss the adjacency matrices of graceful digraphs such as unidirectional paths,alternating paths,many orientations of directed star and a class of directed bistar. We also discuss the adjacency matrices of unidirectional paths and alternating paths if they are odd digraceful.
Category: General Mathematics

[368] viXra:1809.0423 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:23:18

A Generalization on Product Degree Distance of Strong Product of Graphs

Authors: K.Pattabiraman
Comments: 13 Pages.

In this paper, the exact formulae for the generalized product degree distance, reciprocal product degree distance and product degree distance of strong product of a connected graph.
Category: General Mathematics

[367] viXra:1809.0422 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:24:23

A Note on Hyperstructres and Some Applications

Authors: B.O.Onasanya
Comments: 8 Pages.

In classical group theory, two elements composed yield another element. This theory, definitely, has limitations in its use in the study of atomic reactions and reproduction in organisms where two elements composed can yield more than one. In this paper, we partly give a review of some properties of hyperstructures with some examples in chemical sciences.
Category: General Mathematics

[366] viXra:1809.0421 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:25:31

A Note on Slant and Hemislant Submanifolds of an Para Sasakian Manifold

Authors: Barnali Laha, Arindam Bhattacharyya
Comments: 13 Pages.

Connected almost contact metric manifold was classified by S.Tanno, as those automorphism group has maximum dimension.
Category: General Mathematics

[365] viXra:1809.0420 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:26:30

A Study on Equitable Triple Connected Domination Number of a Graph

Authors: M. Subramanian, T. Subramanian
Comments: 13 Pages.

A graph G is said to be triple connected if any three vertices lie on a path in G. A dominating set S of a connected graph G is said to be a triple connected dominating set of G if the induced subgraph hSi is triple connected.
Category: General Mathematics

[364] viXra:1809.0419 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:44:12

A Study on Set-Valuations of Signed Graphs

Authors: P.K.Ashraf, K.A.Germina, N.K.Sudev
Comments: 7 Pages.

FIn this paper, we define the notion of set-valuations of signed graphs and discuss certain properties of signed graphs which admits certain types of set-valuations.
Category: General Mathematics

[363] viXra:1809.0418 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:45:18

Beta−Change of Finsler Metric by H-Vector and Imbedding Classes of Their Tangent Spaces

Authors: O.P.Pandey, H.S.Shukla
Comments: 14 Pages.

We have obtained that due to this change of Finsler metric, the imbedding class of their tangent Riemannian space is increased at the most by two.
Category: General Mathematics

[362] viXra:1809.0417 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:47:06

Clique-to-Clique Monophonic Distance in Graphs

Authors: I. Keerthi Asir, S. Athisayanathan
Comments: 17 Pages.

In 2011, Santhakumaran and Titus introduced and studied the concepts of monophonic distance in graphs.
Category: General Mathematics

[361] viXra:1809.0416 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:48:09

Cohen-Macaulay of Ideal I2 (G)

Authors: Abbas Alilou
Comments: 7 Pages.

A simple graph is a pair G = (V,E), where V = V (G) and E = E(G) are the sets of vertices and edges of G, respectively. A walk is an alternating sequence of vertices and connecting edges. A path is a walk that does not include any vertex twice, except that its first vertex might be the same as its last.
Category: General Mathematics

[360] viXra:1809.0415 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:49:00

Complexity of Linear and General Cyclic Snake Networks

Authors: E. M. Badr, B. Mohamed
Comments: 15 Pages.

In this paper we prove that the number of spanning trees of the linear and general cyclic snake networks is the same using the combinatorial approach.
Category: General Mathematics

[359] viXra:1809.0414 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:50:00

Cordiality in the Context of Duplication in Web and Armed Helm

Authors: U M Prajapati, R M Gajjar
Comments: 16 Pages.

We begin with simple, finite, undirected graph G = (V (G),E(G)) where V (G) and E(G) denotes the vertex set and the edge set respectively.
Category: General Mathematics

[358] viXra:1809.0413 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:51:06

Direct Product of Multigroups and Its Generalization

Authors: P.A. Ejegwa, A. M. Ibrahim
Comments: 18 Pages.

This paper proposes the concept of direct product of multigroups and its generalization.Some results are obtained with reference to root sets and cuts of multigroups.We prove that the direct product of multigroups is a multigroup. Finally, we introduce the notion of homomorphism and explore some of its properties in the context of direct product of multigroups and its generalization.
Category: General Mathematics

[357] viXra:1809.0412 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:53:25

Equal Degree Graphs of Simple Graphs

Authors: T.Chalapathi, R.V M S S Kiran Kumar
Comments: 11 Pages.

This paper introduces equal degree graphs of simple existed graphs. These graphs exhibited some properties which are co-related with the older one. We characterize graphs for which their equal degree graphs are connected, completed, disconnected but not totally disconnected. We also obtain several properties of equal degree graphs and specify which graphs are isomorphic to equal degree graphs and complement of equal degree graphs. Furthermore, the relation between equal degree graphs and degree Prime graphs is determined.
Category: General Mathematics

[356] viXra:1809.0411 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:54:24

Equitable Coloring on Triple Star Graph Families

Authors: K.Praveena, M.Venkatachalam
Comments: 9 Pages.

An equitable k-coloring of a graph G is a proper k-coloring of G such that the sizes of any two color class differ by at most one.
Category: General Mathematics

[355] viXra:1809.0410 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:55:12

Even Modular Edge Irregularity Strength of Graphs

Authors: K. Muthugurupackiam, S.Ramya
Comments: 8 Pages.

A new graph characteristic, even modular edge irregularity strength of graphs is introduced. Estimation on this parameter is obtained and the precise values of this parameter are obtained for some families of graphs.
Category: General Mathematics

[354] viXra:1809.0409 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:56:02

Extended Quasi Conformal Curvature Tensor on N(k)-Contact Metric Manifold

Authors: Venkatesha, H.Aruna Kumara, R.T.Naveen Kumar
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper certain results on N(k)-contact metric manifold endowed with a extended quasi conformal curvature tensor are formulated.
Category: General Mathematics

[353] viXra:1809.0408 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:56:57

Finslerian Hypersurfaces and Quartic Change of Finsler Metric

Authors: Gauree Shanker, Ramdayal Singh Kushwaha
Comments: 7 Pages.

In the present paper we have studied the Finslerian hypersurfaces and quartic change of a Finsler metric. The relationship with Finslerian hypersurface and the other which is finslerian hypersurface given by quartic change have been obtained. We have also proved that quartic change makes three type of hyper surfaces invarient under certain condition. These three type of hyper surfaces are hyperplanes of first, second, and third kind.
Category: General Mathematics

[352] viXra:1809.0407 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:57:40

Graph Operations on Zero-Divisor Graph of Posets

Authors: N.Hosseinzadeh
Comments: 5 Pages.

We know that some large graphs can be constructed from some smaller graphs by using graphs operations. Many properties of such large graphs are closely related to those of the corresponding smaller ones. In this paper we investigate some operations of zero-divisor graph of posets.
Category: General Mathematics

[351] viXra:1809.0406 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:58:42

Hilbert Flow Spaces with Operators over Topological Graphs

Authors: Linfan MAO
Comments: 27 Pages.

The main purpose of this paper is to extend Banach or Hilbert spaces to Banach or Hilbert continuity flow spaces over topological graphs and establish differentials on continuity flows for characterizing their globally change rate.
Category: General Mathematics

[350] viXra:1809.0405 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 00:59:46

Homology of a Type of Octahedron

Authors: Shouvik Datta Choudhury, Santu Dey, Arindam Bhattacharyya
Comments: 7 Pages.

Homology classes were first defined rigorously by Henri Poincar´e in his seminal paper “Analysis situs” in 1895 referring to the work of Riemann,Betti and von Dyck. The homology group was further developed by Emmy Noether and, independently, by Leopold Vietoris and Walther Mayer in the period 1925-28.
Category: General Mathematics

[349] viXra:1809.0404 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:13:42

Intrinsic Geometry of the Special Equations in Galilean 3−Space G3

Authors: Handan Oztekin, Sezin Aykurt Sepet
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this study, we investigate a general intrinsic geometry in 3-dimensional Galilean space G3. Then, we obtain some special equations by using intrinsic derivatives of orthonormal triad in G3.
Category: General Mathematics

[348] viXra:1809.0403 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:14:34

Linear Cyclic Snakes as Super Vertex Mean Graphs

Authors: A. Lourdusamy, Sherry George
Comments: 18 Pages.

The graphs considered here will be finite, undirected and simple. The symbols V(G) and E(G) will denote the vertex set and edge set of a graph G respectively. p and q denote the number of vertices and edges of G respectively.
Category: General Mathematics

[347] viXra:1809.0402 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:15:42

Linfan Mao PhD Won the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award

Authors: W.Barbara
Comments: 3 Pages.

The president of Academy of Mathematical Combinatorics with Applications (AMCA), Linfan Mao PhD won the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award and has been endorsed by Marquis Who’s Who as a leader in the fields of mathematics and engineering, which was acknowledged by the notification of Marquis Who’s Who to Dr.Mao in June 26, 2017 and then the released in September 30, 2017.
Category: General Mathematics

[346] viXra:1809.0401 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:16:53

Minimum Dominating Color Energy of a Graph

Authors: P.Siva Kota Reddy, K.N.Prakasha, Gavirangaiah K.
Comments: 10 Pages.

The concept of graph energy originates from chemistry to estimate the total π-electron energy of a molecule. In chemistry the conjugated hydrocarbons can be represented by a graph called molecular graph.
Category: General Mathematics

[345] viXra:1809.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:18:58

Minimum Equitable Dominating Randi´c Energy of a Graph

Authors: Rajendra P., R.Rangarajan
Comments: 10 Pages.

Let G be a graph with vertex set V (G).
Category: General Mathematics

[344] viXra:1809.0399 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:19:51

Minimum Equitable Dominating Randic Energy of a Graph

Authors: P.Siva Kota Reddy, K.N.Prakasha, Gavirangaiah K.
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce the minimum equitable dominating Randic energy of a graph and computed the minimum dominating Randic energy of graph. Also, established the upper and lower bounds for the minimum equitable dominating Randic energy of a graph.
Category: General Mathematics

[343] viXra:1809.0398 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:20:56

Motion Planning in Certain Lexicographic Product Graphs

Authors: A. D Akwu, O. Oyewumi
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this article, we give the minimum number of moves required for the motion planning problem in Lexicographic products of some graphs. In addition,we proved the necessary and sufficient condition for the connectivity of the lexicographic product of two graphs.
Category: General Mathematics

[342] viXra:1809.0397 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:30:34

Nonholonomic Frames for Finsler Space with Deformed Special (α, β) Metric

Authors: Brijesh Kumar Tripathi
Comments: 7 Pages.

The purpose of present paper to determine the Finsler spaces due to deformation of special Finsler (α, β) metrics.
Category: General Mathematics

[341] viXra:1809.0396 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:31:42

On R-Dynamic Coloring of the Triple Star Graph Families

Authors: T.Deepa, M. Venkatachalam
Comments: 17 Pages.

In this paper we investigate the r-dynamic chromatic number of the central graph, middle graph, total graph and line graph of the triple star graph.
Category: General Mathematics

[340] viXra:1809.0395 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:33:23

On ((r1, R2),m, (C1, C2))-Regular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs

Authors: N.R.Santhi Maheswari, C. Sekar
Comments: 12 Pages.

In 1965, Lofti A. Zadeh introduced the concept of fuzzy subset of a set as method of representing the phenomena of uncertainty in real life situation. K.T.Attanassov introduced the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy sets as a generalization of fuzzy sets. K.T.Atanassov added a new component( which determines the degree of non-membership) in the definition of fuzzy set.
Category: General Mathematics

[339] viXra:1809.0394 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:34:18

On Terminal Hosoya Polynomial of Some Thorn Graphs

Authors: Harishchandra S.Ramane, Gouramma A.Gudodagi, Raju B.Jummannaver
Comments: 24 Pages.

In this paper we obtain the terminal Hosoya polynomial for caterpillers, thorn stars and thorn rings. These results generalizes the existing results.
Category: General Mathematics

[338] viXra:1809.0393 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:35:35

On the Distance Eccentricity Zagreb Indeices of Graphs

Authors: Akram Alqesmah, Anwar Alwardi, R. Rangarajan
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce the first and second distance eccentricity Zagreb indices of a connected graph G as the sum of the squares of the distance eccentricity degrees of the vertices, and the sum of the products of the distance eccentricity degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices, respectively. Exact values for some families of graphs and graph operations are obtained.
Category: General Mathematics

[337] viXra:1809.0392 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:37:13

On the Leap Zagreb Indices of Generalized Xyz-Point-Line Transformation Graphs T

Authors: B. Basavanagoud, Chitra E.
Comments: 23 Pages.

For a graph G, the first, second and third leap Zagreb indices are the sum of squares of 2-distance degree of vertices of G; the sum of product of 2-distance degree of end vertices of edges in G and the sum of product of 1-distance degree and 2-distance degrees of vertices of G, respectively.
Category: General Mathematics

[336] viXra:1809.0391 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:39:05

On the Tangent Vector Fields of Striction Curves Along the Involute and Bertrandian Frenet Ruled Surfaces

Authors: Seyda Kılıcoglu, Suleyman Senyurt, Abdussamet Calıskan
Comments: 11 Pages.

We give the striction curves of all Frenet ruled surfaces. Then the striction curves of involute and Bertrandian Frenet ruled surfaces are given in terms of the Frenet apparatus of the curve alpha.
Category: General Mathematics

[335] viXra:1809.0390 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:40:08

Operations of N-Wheel Graph Via Topological Indices

Authors: V. Lokesha, T. Deepika
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this paper, we discussed the Topological indices viz., Wiener, Harmonic, Geometric-Arithmetic(GA), first and second Zagreb indices of n-wheel graphs with bridges using operator techniques.
Category: General Mathematics

[334] viXra:1809.0389 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:40:57

Papers Published in IJMC, 2017

Authors: F. Smarandache
Comments: 3 Pages.

Papers Published in IJMC, 2017
Category: General Mathematics

[333] viXra:1809.0388 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:41:46

Path Related n-Cap Cordial Graphs

Authors: A. Nellai Murugan, P. Iyadurai Selvaraj
Comments: 6 Pages.

A graph G is a finite non-empty set of objects called vertices together with a set of unordered pairs of distinct vertices of G which is called edges.
Category: General Mathematics

[332] viXra:1809.0387 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:42:43

Primeness of Supersubdivision of Some Graphs

Authors: Ujwala Deshmukh, Smita A. Bhatavadekar
Comments: 6 Pages.

The graph that admits a prime labeling is said to be prime. G. Sethuraman has introduced concept of supersubdivision of a graph. In the light of this concept, we have proved that supersubdivision by K2,2 of star, cycle and ladder are prime.
Category: General Mathematics

[331] viXra:1809.0386 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:43:44

Ricci Soliton and Conformal Ricci Soliton in Lorentzian Beta-Kenmotsu Manifold

Authors: Tamalika Dutta, Arindam Bhattacharyya
Comments: 12 Pages.

In this paper we have studied quasi conformal curvature tensor, Ricci tensor, projective curvature tensor, pseudo projective curvature tensor in Lorentzian Beta-Kenmotsu manifold admitting Ricci soliton and conformal Ricci soliton.
Category: General Mathematics

[330] viXra:1809.0385 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:44:39

Semifull Line (Block) Signed Graphs

Authors: V. Lokesha, P. S. Hemavathi, S. Vijay
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper we introduced the new notions semifull signed graph and semifull line (block) signed graph of a signed graph and its properties are obtained. Also, we obtained the structural characterizations of these notions. Further, we presented some switching equivalent characterizations.
Category: General Mathematics

[329] viXra:1809.0384 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:45:32

Slant Submanifolds of a Conformal (K, μ)-Contact Manifold

Authors: Siddesha M.S., Bagewadi C.S.
Comments: 12 Pages.

In this paper, we study the geometry of slant submanifolds of conformal (k, μ)-contact manifold when the tensor field Q is parallel. Further, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a 3-dimensional slant submanifold of a 5-dimensional conformal (k, μ)-contact manifold to be a proper slant submanifold.
Category: General Mathematics

[328] viXra:1809.0383 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:47:03

Smarandache Curves of Curves lying on Lightlike Cone in R31

Authors: Tanju Kahraman, Hasan Huseyin Ugurlu
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this paper, we consider the notion of the Smarandache curves by considering the asymptotic orthonormal frames of curves lying fully on lightlike cone in Minkowski 3-space R31.
Category: General Mathematics

[327] viXra:1809.0382 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:47:55

Some Fixed Point Results for Contractive Type Conditions in Cone B-Metric Spaces and Applications

Authors: G.S.Saluja
Comments: 17 Pages.

In this paper, we establish some fixed point results for contractive type conditions in the framework of complete cone b-metric spaces and give some applications of our results. The results presented in this paper generalize, extend and unify several well-known comparable results in the existing literature.
Category: General Mathematics

[326] viXra:1809.0381 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:49:15

Some Lower and Upper Bounds on the Third ABC Co-index

Authors: Deepak S. Revankar, Priyanka S. Hande, Satish P. Hande, Vijay Teli
Comments: 7 Pages.

The topological indices plays vital role in chemistry, pharmacology etc [1]. Let G = (V,E) be a simple connected graph with vertex set.
Category: General Mathematics

[325] viXra:1809.0380 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:50:09

Some New Families of 4-Prime Cordial Graphs

Authors: R.Ponraj, K.Annathurai, R.Kala
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this paper we investigate 4-prime cordial labeling behavior of shadow graph of a path, cycle, star, degree splitting graph of a bistar, jelly fish, splitting graph of a path and star.
Category: General Mathematics

[324] viXra:1809.0379 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:51:08

Some Parameters of Domination on the Neighborhood Graph

Authors: M. H. Akhbari, F. Movahedi, S. V. R. Kulli
Comments: 13 Pages.

In this paper, we obtain the domination number, the total domination number and the independent domination number in the neighborhood graph. We also investigate these parameters of domination on the join and the corona of two neighborhood graphs.
Category: General Mathematics

[323] viXra:1809.0378 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:52:17

Some Properties of Conformal Beta-Change

Authors: H.S.Shukla, Neelam Mishra
Comments: 11 Pages.

We have studied quasi-C-reducibility, C-reducibility and semi-C-reducibility of the Finsler space with this metric. We have also calculated V-curvature tensor and T-tensor of the space with this changed metric in terms of v-curvature tensor and T-tensor respectively of the space with the original metric.
Category: General Mathematics

[322] viXra:1809.0377 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:53:01

Strong Domination Number of Some Cycle Related Graphs

Authors: Samir K. Vaidya, Raksha N. Mehta
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this paper we explore the concept of strong domination number and investigate strong domination number of some cycle related graphs.
Category: General Mathematics

[321] viXra:1809.0376 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:54:14

The Examination of Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville Fuzzy Problem According to Boundary Conditions

Authors: Hulya GULTEKINCITIL, Nihat ALTINISIK
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the homogeneous fuzzy Sturm-Liouville problem are examined under the three different situations according to the boundary conditions. This examination is studied under the approach of Hukuhara differ- entiability. The examples are given for this situations.
Category: General Mathematics

[320] viXra:1809.0375 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 01:55:07

The K-Distance Degree Index of Corona, Neighborhood Corona Products and Join of Graphs

Authors: Ahmed M. Naji, Soner Nandappa D
Comments: 12 Pages.

In this paper, we consider only simple graph G = (V,E), i.e., finite, having no loops no multiple and directed edges. A graph G is said to be connected if there is a path between every pair of its vertices.
Category: General Mathematics

[319] viXra:1809.0374 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 02:13:47

One Way Speed Of Light Based on Wineland's Laser Cooling Experiment

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 2 Pages.

Based on David Wineland's experiment in 1978, a laser beam points at an electromagnetcally trapped magnesium ion. The frequency of the laser light in the rest frame of the laser becomes a different frequency in the rest frame of the ion. If this new frequency matches the absorption frequency of the ion, the light will be absorbed by the ion. The wavelength is independent of reference frame. Therefore, the faster the ion moves toward the laser, the higher the frequency detected by the ion will be.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[318] viXra:1809.0373 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 02:23:32

Lunar Capture Theory from the Point of Vortical Celestial Mechanics

Authors: Edgars Alksnis
Comments: 2 Pages.

Attraction of two planetary vortices of different spins allow lunar capture to proceed less dramatic.
Category: Classical Physics

[317] viXra:1809.0372 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-20 03:08:59

A Wrong Formula of Fizeau

Authors: Emil Gigov
Comments: 1 Page.

The experiment of Fizeau has nothing to do with the theory of relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[316] viXra:1809.0371 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-18 06:39:38

Nuclear Pasta in Neutron Stars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Nuclear pasta is incredibly dense, about 100 trillion times the density of water. It’s impossible to study such an extreme material in the laboratory, says physicist Constança Providência of the University of Coimbra in Portugal who was not involved with the research. [24] Researchers at Oregon State University have confirmed that last fall's union of two neutron stars did in fact cause a short gamma-ray burst. [23] Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14]
Category: Astrophysics

[315] viXra:1809.0370 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-18 06:56:06

DNA Replication Detangling

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

DNA is a lengthy molecule—approximately 1,000-fold longer than the cell in which it resides—so it can't be jammed in haphazardly. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

[314] viXra:1809.0369 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-18 07:14:42

Organic Network Structure

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

An international team of researchers affiliated with UNIST has introduced an exciting new organic network structure that shows pure organic ferromagnetism from pure p-TCNQ without any metal contamination at room temperature. [20] DNA is a lengthy molecule—approximately 1,000-fold longer than the cell in which it resides—so it can't be jammed in haphazardly. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[313] viXra:1809.0368 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-18 07:27:34

Microbes Move Through Human Body

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Surf's up for microbes swimming beside red blood cells. [21] An international team of researchers affiliated with UNIST has introduced an exciting new organic network structure that shows pure organic ferromagnetism from pure p-TCNQ without any metal contamination at room temperature. [20] DNA is a lengthy molecule—approximately 1,000-fold longer than the cell in which it resides—so it can't be jammed in haphazardly. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

[312] viXra:1809.0367 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-18 07:38:16

Superconductor Synapse

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 20 Pages.

At the Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), a group, led by Jimmy Williams, is working to develop new circuitry that could host such exotic states. [34] The effect appears in compounds of lanthanum and hydrogen squeezed to extremely high pressures. [33] University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers have added a new dimension to our understanding of why straining a particular group of materials, called Ruddlesden-Popper oxides, tampers with their superconducting properties. [32] Nuclear techniques have played an important role in determining the crystal structure of a rare type of intermetallic alloy that exhibits superconductivity. [31] A potential new state of matter is being reported in the journal Nature, with research showing that among superconducting materials in high magnetic fields, the phenomenon of electronic symmetry breaking is common. [30] Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland and the Technical University Munich in Germany have lifted the veil on the electronic characteristics of high-temperature superconductors. Their research, published in Nature Communications, shows that the electronic densities measured in these superconductors are a combination of two separate effects. As a result, they propose a new model that suggests the existence of two coexisting states rather than competing ones postulated for the past thirty years, a small revolution in the world of superconductivity. [29] A team led by scientists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory combined powerful magnetic pulses with some of the brightest X-rays on the planet to discover a surprising 3-D arrangement of a material's electrons that appears closely linked to a mysterious phenomenon known as high-temperature superconductivity. [28] Advanced x-ray technique reveals surprising quantum excitations that persist through materials with or without superconductivity. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[311] viXra:1809.0366 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-18 08:41:11

The World Lines of a Dust Collapsar

Authors: Trevor W. Marshall
Comments: 12 Pages.

In a previous article it was shown that the end state for the dust metric of Oppenheimer and Snyder has most of its mass concentrated just inside the gravitational radius; it is proposed that the resulting object be considered as an idealized shell collapsar. Here the treatment is extended to include the family of interior metrics described by Choquet-Bruhat. The end state is again a shell collapsar, and its structure depends on the density pro…le at the beginning of the collapse. What is lacking in most previous commentaries on the Oppenheimer- Snyder article is the recognition that Oppenheimer and Snyder matched the time coordinate at the surface, and that implies a …nite upper limit for the comoving time coordinate inside the collapsar. A collapse process having all the matter going inside the gravitational radius would require comoving times which go outside that upper limit.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[310] viXra:1809.0365 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-18 09:55:34

Physical Quantity Mass a Scalar or a Vector? Mass Virtual and Real

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

The scalar or vector sense of physical quantity of mass is considered
Category: Classical Physics

[309] viXra:1809.0364 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-28 10:07:11

Idealistic Neural Networks

Authors: Tofara Moyo
Comments: 2 Pages.

I describe an Artificial Neural Network, where we have mapped words to individual neurons instead of having them as variables to be fed into a network. The process of changing training cases will be equivalent to a Dropout procedure where we replace some (or all) of the words/neurons in the previous training case with new ones. Each neuron/word then takes in as input, all the b weights of the other neurons, and weights them all with its personal a weight. To learn this network uses the backpropagation algorithm after calculating an error from the output of an output neuron that will be a traditional neuron. This network then has a unique topology and functions with no inputs. We will use coordinate gradient decent to learn where we alternate between training the a weights of the words and the b weights. The Idealistic Neural Network, is an extremely shallow network that can represent non-linearity complexity in a linear outfit.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[308] viXra:1809.0363 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-22 15:00:59

Origin of Universe, Theory of Everything and the Origin of Consciousness: Concepts of Existence Are Inherently Philosophically, Scientifically and Metaphysically Incomplete. HAWKING’S Views on GODEL’S Incompleteness

Authors: Abed Peerally
Comments: 24 Pages. Replacement

The series of publications/articles/books by the author (vixra Peerally archives and books), of which this article is the sixth paper about the Theory of Everything, highlight that our current scientific culture could soon have dramatic new openings, that will trigger science towards a far more productive potential than is generally believed. Hawking in his various writings harboured both optimism and pessimism about the Theory of Everything and the future of fundamental physics and mathematics and a particularly thoughtful one is "Gödel and the end of physics". He was generally right for there is nothing in science and philosophy that will ever be proved to be final. The reason is that existence and the universe arose from precursors that cannot be seen to imply finality in terms of their physics and philosophy. In any case Hawking’s feeling is that Gödel’s theorem indicates that there is incompleteness is any concept, for example, Hawking said: “One can have a well-defined position, or a well-defined velocity, but not both.”…“This would seem to make complete determinism impossible. If one can't accurately define both the positions, and the velocities, of particles at one time, how can one predict what they will be in the future.” In philosophy, as well as in mathematics, one can understand whether there is or not such a thing as finality. The fact that not only Gödel, a pure mathematician, but an eminent physicist like Hawking agrees that incompleteness could be an eternal rule of existence carries a lot of weight. In fact, one can also theorise that existence cannot be proved to be complete, not even death, mainly because of the mysteriously metaphysical consciousness. There is nothing in intellectual knowledge that can be regarded 2 as a final truth, as the author’s Theory of Everything will also show. The domain of fundamental cosmology has been in crisis in the last several decades, and that is where the Theory of Everything can represent a significant opening for decades, centuries and millennia of philosophy and science to come. The author’s publications, in addition, are his two posters about consciousness (Tucson Consciousness Conferences, 2016, 2017) and two books that discuss the Theory of Everything and consciousness. The objective of the author’s publications is to demonstrate that the facets of the universe are capable of being encapsulated within a single philosophical and physical concept, the Ultimate Theory of Everything that agrees with Hawking’s later view that natural phenomena and existence fundamentally imply the property of incompleteness. This author’s final concept of existence is coming at the right time, in view of the wide range of mixed feelings on the scientific dreams of a final theory of existence, and about the nature and meaning of what our realities are. As the eminent physicist Steven Weinberg said, in his Dreams of a Final Theory, a really wonderful book to read: “We are on the track of something universal-something that governs physical phenomena throughout the universe-something that we call the laws of nature. We do not want to discover a theory that is capable of describing all imaginable kinds of force among the particles of nature. Rather, we hope for a theory that rigidly will allow us to describe only those forces-gravitational, electroweak, and strong-that actually as it happens do exist. This kind of rigidity in our physical theories is part of what we recognise as beauty.”….. “As Abdus Salam has said, it is not particles or forces with which nature is sparing, but principles. The important thing is to have a set of simple and economical principles that explain why the particles are what they are. It is disturbing that we do not yet have a complete theory of the sort we want. But, when we do, it will not matter very much how many kinds of particle or force it describes, as long as it does so beautifully, as an inevitable consequence of simple principles.” Weinberg then remarked “The creation of new physical principles is agony and apparently cannot be taught.” In fact, the Ultimate Theory of Everything will squarely meet Weinberg’s prescription, and will also widely opine about a large range of aspects of the universe and existence. Weinberg’s remark does, however, illustrate to what extent intellectual pursuits can be challenging, and Einstein did go through precisely this kind of agony, for he 3 unsuccessfully devoted the last three decades of his life to the search of a theory that would unify gravitation and the electromagnetic force, a search which has not been pursued by other physicists. The truth is that the solution of the mystery of gravitation in relation to the electromagnetic force is very elusive and requires the Theory of Everything to elucidate. However, this ultimate concept has been, in the scientific literature, well regarded as a near impossible ambition of science. Seeing where we are in cosmology, there is an urgency for it, for it could have a universal impact on how we view the universe and our existence, as realistically as possible.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[307] viXra:1809.0362 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-18 17:46:55

On the Impossibility of a Yang-Mills Finite Mass Gap in the Flat Spacetime

Authors: Victor Paromov
Comments: 1 Page. n/a

No Abstract
Category: Quantum Physics

[306] viXra:1809.0361 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 06:28:28

Lord Nataraja's Yantra

Authors: Maheshwari Tandon
Comments: 2 Pages. NA

This is the world's NUMBER ONE yantra/Chakra.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[305] viXra:1809.0360 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 07:52:20

Magnetic Cooling Cycle

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

As a result of climate change, population growth, and rising expectations regarding quality of life, energy requirements for cooling processes are growing much faster worldwide than for heating. [22] Researchers at The Ohio State University have discovered how to control heat with a magnetic field. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18] Thermal conductivity is one of the most crucial physical properties of matter when it comes to understanding heat transport, hydrodynamic evolution and energy balance in systems ranging from astrophysical objects to fusion plasmas. [17] Researchers from the Theory Department of the MPSD have realized the control of thermal and electrical currents in nanoscale devices by means of quantum local observations. [16] Physicists have proposed a new type of Maxwell's demon—the hypothetical agent that extracts work from a system by decreasing the system's entropy—in which the demon can extract work just by making a measurement, by taking advantage of quantum fluctuations and quantum superposition. [15] Pioneering research offers a fascinating view into the inner workings of the mind of 'Maxwell's Demon', a famous thought experiment in physics. [14] For more than a century and a half of physics, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that entropy always increases, has been as close to inviolable as any law we know. In this universe, chaos reigns supreme. [13] Physicists have shown that the three main types of engines (four-stroke, twostroke, and continuous) are thermodynamically equivalent in a certain quantum regime, but not at the classical level. [12]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[304] viXra:1809.0358 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 11:35:22

Symmetry Breaking Between Fundamental Forces

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

A fraction of a second after the Big Bang, a single unified force may have shattered. Scientists from the CDF and DZero Collaborations used data from the Fermilab Tevatron Collider to recreate the early universe conditions. [28] Now researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI have helped to better understand the first minutes of the universe: They collected artificially produced beryllium-7 and made it into a sample that could be investigated. [27] Researchers have developed a new way to improve our knowledge of the Big Bang by measuring radiation from its afterglow, called the cosmic microwave background radiation. [26] The group's results reinforce a disagreement over the value of the Hubble constant as measured directly and as calculated via observations of primordial radiation – a disparity, say the researchers, which likely points to new physics. [25] Neutron stars consist of the densest form of matter known: a neutron star the size of Los Angeles can weigh twice as much as our sun. [24] Supermassive black holes, which lurk at the heart of most galaxies, are often described as "beasts" or "monsters". [23] The nuclei of most galaxies host supermassive black holes containing millions to billions of solar-masses of material. [22] New research shows the first evidence of strong winds around black holes throughout bright outburst events when a black hole rapidly consumes mass. [21] Chris Packham, associate professor of physics and astronomy at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), has collaborated on a new study that expands the scientific community's understanding of black holes in our galaxy and the magnetic fields that surround them. [20] In a paper published today in the journal Science, University of Florida scientists have discovered these tears in the fabric of the universe have significantly weaker magnetic fields than previously thought. [19]
Category: Astrophysics

[303] viXra:1809.0357 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 12:53:02

Machine Learning Human Cell

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

Scientists at the Allen Institute have used machine learning to train computers to see parts of the cell the human eye cannot easily distinguish. [21] Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is one of a number of biophysical techniques used for determining the structural characteristics of biomolecules. [20] A deep neural network running on an ordinary desktop computer is interpreting highly technical data related to national security as well as—and sometimes better than— today's best automated methods or even human experts. [19] Scientists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have pioneered the use of GPU-accelerated deep learning for rapid detection and characterization of gravitational waves. [18] Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed a mathematical model for the emergence of innovations. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15] Who is the better experimentalist, a human or a robot? When it comes to exploring synthetic and crystallization conditions for inorganic gigantic molecules, actively learning machines are clearly ahead, as demonstrated by British Scientists in an experiment with polyoxometalates published in the journal Angewandte Chemie. [14] Machine learning algorithms are designed to improve as they encounter more data, making them a versatile technology for understanding large sets of photos such as those accessible from Google Images. Elizabeth Holm, professor of materials science and engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, is leveraging this technology to better understand the enormous number of research images accumulated in the field of materials science. [13] With the help of artificial intelligence, chemists from the University of Basel in Switzerland have computed the characteristics of about two million crystals made up of four chemical elements. The researchers were able to identify 90 previously unknown thermodynamically stable crystals that can be regarded as new materials. [12]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[302] viXra:1809.0356 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 13:10:08

Theory of Electron in Uniform Magnetic Field Inside Cathode Ray Tube and Possible Prediction of New Particles

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 5 Pages.

This Paper essentially focuses on the weird new form of mathematical equation that absolutely shows justification of an electron in uniform magnetic field. This paper also shows the alternate method to calculate electron’s charge to mass ratio. This note also makes possible speculations about the two new elementary particles. This work however also describes the very early brilliant experimental observations of Sir Thomson in Cambridge, England and its impact on this modern theoretical study. The main attractive part is the general prediction which needs to be vindicated by experiments.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[301] viXra:1809.0355 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 13:15:52

On the Kinetic Formulation of Gases

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 4 Pages.

The extensive studies on thermal properties of matter especially in gases, shows the new possible direction and therefore to initiate the new stream in theoretical physics. The subject discussed in this context is somehow important in this field; the paper shows an equation of gases which is enclosed in a metallic container under suitable conditions. The equation which will be described here is valid for the rigorous choice that we have considered to derive it.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[300] viXra:1809.0354 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 13:17:17

AI can Tell if Restaurant Review Fake

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Researchers find AI-generated reviews and comments pose a significant threat to consumers, but machine learning can help detect the fakes. [28] Following the old saying that "knowledge is power", companies are seeking to infer increasingly intimate properties about their customers as a way to gain an edge over their competitors. [27] Researchers from Human Longevity, Inc. (HLI) have published a study in which individual faces and other physical traits were predicted using whole genome sequencing data and machine learning. [26] Artificial intelligence can improve health care by analyzing data from apps, smartphones and wearable technology. [25] Now, researchers at Google's DeepMind have developed a simple algorithm to handle such reasoning—and it has already beaten humans at a complex image comprehension test. [24] A marimba-playing robot with four arms and eight sticks is writing and playing its own compositions in a lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The pieces are generated using artificial intelligence and deep learning. [23] Now, a team of researchers at MIT and elsewhere has developed a new approach to such computations, using light instead of electricity, which they say could vastly improve the speed and efficiency of certain deep learning computations. [22] Physicists have found that the structure of certain types of quantum learning algorithms is very similar to their classical counterparts—a finding that will help scientists further develop the quantum versions. [21] We should remain optimistic that quantum computing and AI will continue to improve our lives, but we also should continue to hold companies, organizations, and governments accountable for how our private data is used, as well as the technology's impact on the environment. [20] It's man vs machine this week as Google's artificial intelligence programme AlphaGo faces the world's top-ranked Go player in a contest expected to end in another victory for rapid advances in AI. [19] Google's computer programs are gaining a better understanding of the world, and now it wants them to handle more of the decision-making for the billions of people who use its services. [18]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[299] viXra:1809.0353 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 13:19:38

Dynamical Pattern of Elementary Particles

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 8 Pages.

This purpose of this present paper is to present the simple idea to introduce a mathematical model to predict some possible particles (and may be its systems) that might exist beyond standard model of particle physics. The idea that is discussed in this present note must somehow* be the particle does not belong to fermions or bosons but more exotic. This paper is purely theoretical which gives hypothetical flavor of particles that possibly claims to exist in nature, based on the weird but interesting mathematical sketch. This note has been done by keeping one sentences in mind that the existing particles can reveal the zoo of other unknown particles.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[298] viXra:1809.0352 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 13:36:38

Protein Insight into the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

These will then produce the proteins themselves, without the cell functions being disturbed: cells, structures or their activities thus become visible under the microscope. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32] UCLA biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. [31] Scientists at the Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, have identified a new type of stem cell in the brain which they say has a high potential for repair following brain injury or disease. [30] A team of researchers working at the Weizmann Institute of Science has found that organoids can be used to better understand how the human brain wrinkles as it develops. [29] A team of biologists has found an unexpected source for the brain's development, a finding that offers new insights into the building of the nervous system. [28] Researchers discover both the structure of specific brain areas and memory are linked to genetic activity that also play important roles in immune system function. [27] The inner workings of the human brain have always been a subject of great interest. Unfortunately, it is fairly difficult to view brain structures or intricate tissues due to the fact that the skull is not transparent by design. [26] But now there is a technology that enables us to "read the mind" with growing accuracy: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). [25] Advances in microscopy techniques have often triggered important discoveries in the field of neuroscience, enabling vital insights in understanding the brain and promising new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [24] What is the relationship of consciousness to the neurological activity of the brain? Does the brain behave differently when a person is fully conscious, when they are asleep, or when they are undergoing an epileptic seizure? [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

[297] viXra:1809.0351 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 17:16:10

The Cordiality for the Conjunction of Two Paths

Authors: S.I. Nada, A. Elrokh, R. Hamza
Comments: 16 pages

Abstract A graph is called cordial if it has a 0 - 1 labeling such that the number of vertices (edges) labeled with ones and zeros dier by at most one. The conjunction of two graphs (V1;E1) and (V2;E2) is the graph G = (V;E), where V = V1 x V2 and u = (a1; a2), v = (b1; b2) are two vertices, then uv belongs to E if aibi belongs to Ei for i = 1 or 2. In this paper, we present necessary and sucient condition for cordial labeling for the conjunction of two paths, denoted by Pn ^ Pm. Also, we drive an algorithm to generate cordial labeling for the conjunction Pn ^ Pm.
Category: Number Theory

[296] viXra:1809.0350 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-18 10:43:17

In Search of Schroedinger's Electron and Einstein's Atom Too !

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 22 Pages.

This article explores a possible physical interpretation of the wavefunction. It zooms in on the physical model it implies for an electron in free space (further building on Schroedinger's ideas in regard to the apparent Zitterbewegung of an electron), but then also discusses the wavefunction for particles (including non-charged particles) in general. While it basically concludes that the mainstream interpretation of quantum physics (the Copenhagen interpretation) is and remains the most parsimonious explanation, it also argues that one or two extra assumptions – the wavefunction as a two-dimensional self-sustaining electromagnetic or gravitational oscillation in space – would make more frivolous explanations (many worlds, pilot wave, etcetera) redundant.
Category: Quantum Physics

[295] viXra:1809.0348 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-17 13:18:31

The Evolution of Star Habitable Zones

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 3 Pages.

It was discovered that planets are older, evolving stars. This means the Circumstellar Habitable Zone collapses and/or shrinks into the star itself, thus evolves as the star evolves. Explanation is provided.
Category: Astrophysics

[294] viXra:1809.0347 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 06:16:36

Hydrogen-Rich Superconductor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 20 Pages.

The effect appears in compounds of lanthanum and hydrogen squeezed to extremely high pressures. [33] University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers have added a new dimension to our understanding of why straining a particular group of materials, called Ruddlesden-Popper oxides, tampers with their superconducting properties. [32] Nuclear techniques have played an important role in determining the crystal structure of a rare type of intermetallic alloy that exhibits superconductivity. [31] A potential new state of matter is being reported in the journal Nature, with research showing that among superconducting materials in high magnetic fields, the phenomenon of electronic symmetry breaking is common. [30] Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland and the Technical University Munich in Germany have lifted the veil on the electronic characteristics of high-temperature superconductors. Their research, published in Nature Communications, shows that the electronic densities measured in these superconductors are a combination of two separate effects. As a result, they propose a new model that suggests the existence of two coexisting states rather than competing ones postulated for the past thirty years, a small revolution in the world of superconductivity. [29] A team led by scientists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory combined powerful magnetic pulses with some of the brightest X-rays on the planet to discover a surprising 3-D arrangement of a material's electrons that appears closely linked to a mysterious phenomenon known as high-temperature superconductivity. [28] Advanced x-ray technique reveals surprising quantum excitations that persist through materials with or without superconductivity. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[293] viXra:1809.0346 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 06:28:14

Un Inconsistency Between Light Speed Invariance and Causal Relations

Authors: Luk Rossey
Comments: 7 Pages.

If the speed of light is independent of the movement of its source, then it should make no difference at all when clocks are synchronized using light sources at rest or moving ones. It seems it does. When clocks are synchronized in two reference frames, moving relatively to one another, the causal relations between two particular events will depend on whether sources at rest or moving ones have been used. This inconsistency will appear solid evidence that the speed of light can never be invariant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[292] viXra:1809.0345 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 06:34:32

Graphene Electronics Superfast

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

Graphene-based computer components that can deal in terahertz " could be used, not in a normal Macintosh or PC, but perhaps in very advanced computers with high processing rates, " Ozaki says. This 2-D material could also be used to make extremely high-speed nanodevices, he adds. [44] Printed electronics use standard printing techniques to manufacture electronic devices on different substrates like glass, plastic films, and paper. [43] A tiny laser comprising an array of nanoscale semiconductor cylinders (see image) has been made by an all-A*STAR team. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41] All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[291] viXra:1809.0343 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 07:00:28

Proofs for Sivasamy Soundararajan's Social Services

Authors: Sivasamy Soundararajan
Comments: 18 Pages. na

In this work, the proofs for social services have been explained
Category: Education and Didactics

[290] viXra:1809.0342 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-23 02:09:08

Genealogy and the Vedic Timescale

Authors: Sai Venkatesh Balasubramanian
Comments: 16 Pages.

Vedic timescales are explored. Manvantaras correspond to DNA Haplogroups.
Category: Social Science

[289] viXra:1809.0341 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 11:10:33

Goldbach Pereyra Theorem

Authors: Pablo Hernan Pereyra
Comments: 8 Pages. Copyright 2007

In the present work is demonstrate that the so called Goldbach conjecture from 1742 -- “All positive even numbers greater than two can be expressed as a sum of two primes” – due to Leonhard Euler, is a true statement. This result is partially based on the Wilson theorem, and complementary on our reasoning to cast the problem into a diophantine equation. The latter is the master equation for the conjectures proof.
Category: Number Theory

[288] viXra:1809.0338 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 13:40:39

A Fast Factoring Algorithm

Authors: Paco Derek Tucker
Comments: 1 Page.

A simple and fast factoring algorithm that requires only copy paste, the modular operation, and paired additive partitions of the number.
Category: Number Theory

[287] viXra:1809.0337 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-17 08:57:13

Experimental Verification of Wave Packet Collapse Using Fourth-Order Interference

Authors: Kazufumi Sakai
Comments: 8 Pages. Journal for Foundations and Applications of Physics, vol. 5, No. 2 (2018) 216-224

The concept of wave packet collapse is the most interesting and difficult to understand assumption of quantum mechanics and it remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully examine its principle and process experimentally. We fabricated a new fourth-order interference apparatus capable of verifying the collapse of a wave packet. Contrary to expectation, a “collapse” was not observed in our experiment.
Category: Quantum Physics

[286] viXra:1809.0336 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 23:01:22

The Problem of Identity of Scalar Models of Gravity and Elasticity.

Authors: Oleg Tcherepanov
Comments: 23 Pages.

Using the principle of virtual scale, it was possible to obtain new solutions to a number of problems of mechanics as the first section of General physics. The identical transformation of the known rules and laws of classical science modifies the formulas into scalar structures of six special numbers. The context of the proposed theory consists of non-standard Metrology, scalar mechanics and physics without artifacts. They can be found in the published monographs ISBN 978-3-659-60213-9, ISBN 978-3-659-74415-9 and articles vixra: 1503.0037, vixra: 1807.0458, vixra: 1808.0182, vixra: 1808.0631.
Category: Classical Physics

[285] viXra:1809.0335 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 23:17:01

Gravito-Electromagnetism Derived Mathematically from Newton’s Law Electromagnetism/gravito-Electromagnetism Duality

Authors: Hui Peng
Comments: 10 Pages. Mathematically derive Maxwell-type gravity-electromagnetism which can be easily quantized

In this article, we utilize the mathematic approach, which has been utilized to re-derive Maxwell equation mathematically from the Gauss/Coulomb’s law, to demonstrate that, by applying Newton’s law, the magnetic-type gravitational field exists mathematically. Namely, since a stationary gravitational charge satisfies Newton’s law, its motion generates inevitably an axial gravito-magnetic field and an axial gravito-electric field; call Gravito-electromagnetism. This mathematical derivation proves the famous sentence, “The world is built mathematically”. The so derived Electromagnetism and Gravito-electromagnetism disclose mathematically an intrinsic duality between electromagnetic force and gravitational force, which are the only two long-range forces in the Nature. The Electromagnetism/Gravito-electromagnetism duality can serves as the base for the advanced dualities between the two and for the unification of the two.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[284] viXra:1809.0334 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 01:43:50

Word Hearth Etymology

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -

Probable origin of this Russian word
Category: Linguistics

[283] viXra:1809.0333 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 01:48:19

Etymology of Pronouns

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 15 Pages. -

Pronouns appear at an early stage of creation of language when still there are no names of the objects interesting us
Category: Linguistics

[282] viXra:1809.0332 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-12 11:41:53

Probable Etymology of the Word Oud

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 10 Pages. -

The probable etymology of the word OUD is considered.
Category: Linguistics

[281] viXra:1809.0331 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-04 07:14:33

Words МОСКВА (Moscow) and МОЗГ (Brain), Their Likely Etymology

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 18 Pages. -

The probable etymology of words Moscow and the Brain is considered.
Category: Linguistics

[280] viXra:1809.0330 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 02:10:37

Aliens

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

Impossibility to imagine psychology of aliens
Category: Social Science

[279] viXra:1809.0329 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-17 04:26:49

The Quantum/Classical Connection

Authors: Bernard Riley
Comments: 11 pages

By way of the Quantum/Classical Connection, the radii of nearby G and K-type Main Sequence stars map onto the atomic masses of Period 4 transition metals while the masses of the stars map onto the atomic radii of the same elements.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[278] viXra:1809.0328 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 06:56:17

Theoretical Measurements of Mass and Charge of W Bosons, and Possible Elementary Fractional Charge Gauge and Elementary Integer Charge Scalar Bosons

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 15 Pages.

The nature’s beautiful symmetry defines its original scenery which is very simple if one can grasp the mathematical idea associated with it. The first purpose of this note is to present the abstract mathematical methodology (not abstract as nature’s beautiful symmetry arrangements) can also be called as mathematical scheme which justifies the charge, spin and mass of electroweak bosons which is our original choice. The second primary fundamental essence of this note is to attempt the prediction of fractional charged boson that might exist in nature with definite spin basically spin equivalent to gauge boson and a scalar boson of integer charge with an approximate mass. The mass mentioned in this note is our mass calculation limit which may change. Both particles are predicted as elementary. For this note we have taken only elementary gauge boson with charge i.e. w boson to develop mathematical rules to predict another new gauge charged boson.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[277] viXra:1809.0327 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 06:59:05

Dual Spin Statistics in Hadrons

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 2 Pages.

vindicated by experimental approaches in super energetic accelerators. The predicted particles are strongly interacting composite particles with “colored quarks” as its basic constituents.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[276] viXra:1809.0326 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 07:01:22

On The Special Strongly Interacting Baryons*

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 1 Page.

Physics of strongly interacting particles are well known in terms of simplified mathematical models. This note mathematically shows the evidence of particles called baryons of special type, means with special quark combinations. The certainty of this paper must be an experimental approach in high energy accelerators.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[275] viXra:1809.0325 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 07:38:16

Laser Study of Ice Sheets

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

NASA counted down Saturday to the launch of its $1 billion ICESat-2 mission, using advanced lasers to uncover the true depth of the melting of Earth's ice sheets. [44] Printed electronics use standard printing techniques to manufacture electronic devices on different substrates like glass, plastic films, and paper. [43] A tiny laser comprising an array of nanoscale semiconductor cylinders (see image) has been made by an all-A*STAR team. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41] All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34]
Category: Condensed Matter

[274] viXra:1809.0324 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 08:18:55

Computational Technology Streamlines

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Workflow management systems allow users to prepare, produce and analyze scientific processes to help simplify complex simulations. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society (CNS), cognitive neuroscientists increasingly are using those emerging artificial networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18]
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[273] viXra:1809.0323 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 09:41:12

A Generalization of the Clifford Algebra

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 2 pages, written in english

We propose here a generalization of the Clifford algebra by mean of two endomorphisms. We deduce a generalized Lichnerowicz formula for the space of modified spinors.
Category: Geometry

[272] viXra:1809.0322 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 10:35:14

Rough Estimate of Legendre's Conjecture

Authors: Hajime Mashima
Comments: 9 Pages.

Legendre's conjecture argues that there is always a prime number between n2 and (n + 1)2 when natural number n.
Category: Number Theory

[271] viXra:1809.0318 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-22 16:18:53

The Dirac Hamiltonian's Egregious Violations of Special Relativity; the Nonrelativistic Pauli Hamiltonian's Unique Relativistic Extension

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 13 Pages.

A single-particle Hamiltonian independent of the particle's coordinate ensures the particle conserves momentum, i.e., is free. Lorentz-covariance of that Hamiltonian's energy-momentum specifies it up to the particle's rest energy; the free particle it describes has speed below c and constant velocity parallel to its conserved momentum. Dirac took his free-particle Hamiltonian to have the same squared value as that relativistic one, but unwittingly blocked Lorentz-covariance of his Hamiltonian's energy-momentum by requiring it to be inhomogeneously linear in momentum. The Dirac "free particle" badly flouts relativity and even physical cogency; its velocity direction is extremely nonconstant, while its speed is fixed to c times the square root of three even when it interacts electromagnetically. Both its rest energy and total energy can be negative, and its velocity components and rest energy are artificially correlated by being mutually anticommuting; its alleged "spin" is an artifact of the anticommutation of its velocity components. Unlike the Dirac Hamiltonian, the nonrelativistic Pauli Hamiltonian is apparently physically sensible for particle speed far below c. Its relativistic extension is worked out via Lorentz-invariant upgrade of its associated action functional at zero particle velocity, and is obtained in closed form if there is no applied magnetic field; a successive approximation scheme must otherwise be used.
Category: Quantum Physics

[270] viXra:1809.0314 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-15 11:37:44

Origin of the Word ПАУК (Spider)

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 8 Pages. -

The origin of the Russian word SPIDER is considered.
Category: Linguistics

[269] viXra:1809.0313 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 02:11:38

Russian Etymology of the Word Kike

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 8 Pages. -

Communication with the word WAIT is considered
Category: Linguistics

[268] viXra:1809.0312 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 02:15:20

Controversial Assumption

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

Distinctions of perception of the same information
Category: Linguistics

[267] viXra:1809.0311 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 02:31:13

The Origin of the Word Hall

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

To find the relation between Russian words Hall and Lard
Category: Linguistics

[266] viXra:1809.0310 [pdf] replaced on 2021-05-10 20:42:01

Origin of the Words Hall, Ball, Station, Salon, Saloon

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 14 Pages.

The probable etymology of the words indicated in the title is considered. Attached is a translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics

[265] viXra:1809.0309 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 04:04:37

Protein Synthesis Machinery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Sleeping sickness-causing parasites contain an unusual protein synthesis mechanism. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[264] viXra:1809.0308 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-16 05:40:30

Semi-Compact and Semi-Lindelӧf Spaces via Neutrosophic Crisp Set Theory

Authors: A.A. Salama, I.M.Hanafy, M. S. Dabash
Comments: 8 Pages.

The aim of this paper is devoted to introduce and study the concepts of semi-compact (resp.semi-Lindelӧf, locally semi-compact) spaces in a neutrosophic crisp topological space. Several properties, functions properties of neutrosophic crisp semi-compact spaces are studied. In addition to these, we introduce and study the definition of neutrosophic crisp semi-Lindelӧf spaces and neutrosophic crisp locally semi-compact spaces. We show that neutrosophic crisp semi-compact spaces is preserved under neutrosophic crisp irresolute function and neutrosophic crisp pre-semi-closed function with neutrosophic crisp semi-compact point inverses.
Category: Topology

[263] viXra:1809.0307 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 06:43:59

Quantum Optics Metamaterials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Two teams of scientists from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have collaborated to conduct groundbreaking research leading to the development of a new and innovative scientific field: Quantum Metamaterials. [23] An international team consisting of Russian and German scientists has made a breakthrough in the creation of seemingly impossible materials. They have created the world's first quantum metamaterial that can be used as a control element in superconducting electrical circuits. [22] ETH physicists have developed a silicon wafer that behaves like a topological insulator when stimulated using ultrasound. They have thereby succeeded in turning an abstract theoretical concept into a macroscopic product. [21] Cheng Chin, professor in the Department of Physics, and his team looked at an experimental setup of tens of thousands of atoms cooled down to near absolute zero. As the system crossed a quantum phase transition, they measured its behavior with an extremely sensitive imaging system. [20] Scientists from three UK universities are to test one of the fundamental laws of physics as part of a major Europe-wide project awarded more than £3m in funding. ]19] A team of researchers has devised a simple way to tune a hallmark quantum effect in graphene—the material formed from a single layer of carbon atoms—by bathing it in light. [18] Researchers from the University of Cambridge have taken a peek into the secretive domain of quantum mechanics. [17] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13]
Category: Quantum Physics

[262] viXra:1809.0306 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 07:26:48

Gravitational Waves Extra Dimensions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 18 Pages.

While last year's discovery of gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars was earth-shaking, it won't add extra dimensions to our understanding of the universe—not literal ones, at least. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[261] viXra:1809.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 08:14:08

Social Services of Soundararajan Sivasamy

Authors: S. Soundararajan
Comments: 33 Pages. nba

In this communications, the proofs for the social services of S. Sivasamy has been given
Category: Education and Didactics

[260] viXra:1809.0304 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 08:17:34

Social Services of Soundararajan Sivasamy Part 2

Authors: S. Soundararajan
Comments: 36 Pages. nba

In this communications, the proofs for the social services of S. Sivasamy has been given
Category: Education and Didactics

[259] viXra:1809.0303 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 11:04:41

Optical Rocket Plasma Accelerator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 79 Pages.

In a recent experiment at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, plasma electrons in the paths of intense laser light pulses were almost instantly accelerated close to the speed of light. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[258] viXra:1809.0302 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 11:33:03

Gravity Theory Saved

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 19 Pages.

An international group of astronomers, including physicists at the University of St Andrews, has revived a previously debunked theory of gravity, arguing that motions within dwarf galaxies would be slower if close to a massive galaxy. [19] While last year's discovery of gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars was earth-shaking, it won't add extra dimensions to our understanding of the universe—not literal ones, at least. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[257] viXra:1809.0301 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 11:57:37

The Accelerating Expansion of the Universe is an Observational Error in the Measurement of the co-Moving Distant, as Well as the Measurement of the Velocity of Recession.

Authors: S.M.Hosseini, M.I.Kendrick
Comments: 7 Pages.

Abstract The observation of the Universe at the present epoch will only give the rate of the expansion of the Universe at present era and produce one value of the Hubble constant by any observer in any galaxy in the cosmos. The expansion rate of the Universe is not obtainable for the past or the future of the Universe by observation; it can only be calculated by the fact that the invers of the Hubble constant is the age of the Universe at any period. One of the fundamental pillars of the cosmology is the Hubble constant and the inverse of it is the age of the Universe: , this relationship will be violated by observation that the Universe’s expansion is accelerating. This is fundamental that any epoch any observer on any galaxy in the Universe by looking at all the distant galaxies will measure the velocity of recession divided by Co-moving distant will obtain the value of the Hubble constant precisely the same exact value. The value of the Hubble constant is only constant at a particular epoch by all the observers in the Universe and decays as the passage of time according to the relationship: .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[256] viXra:1809.0300 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 12:27:46

Addiction of Slavery

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 5 Pages.

This note is about the true love for humanity and civilization.
Category: Social Science

[255] viXra:1809.0299 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 13:03:25

Blueshift and the Antigravitation

Authors: Piscedda Giampaolo
Comments: 4 Pages.

In this theory it is shown that the universe does not expand. The equation that we derive is equivalent to the equation m = a (t)^2 from the book SEEING RED written by the scientist Halton Harp with the replacement M'= a and |delta r| = t^2
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[254] viXra:1809.0297 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 15:51:09

Entropy in Physics

Authors: Jeremy Dunning-Davies
Comments: 4 Pages.

Following worries that the entropy functions of classical thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics were not equivalent, attention is drawn here to work by Lazar Mayants indicating that this is not the case and the two are, in fact, equivalent.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[253] viXra:1809.0296 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-19 19:25:56

Public Administration in Due Form

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 30 Pages.

Some issues related to novelty in science are considered. Attached is a translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[252] viXra:1809.0295 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 01:16:04

Physical Sense of Force and Mass

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

Force and mass - scalars or vectors?
Category: Classical Physics

[251] viXra:1809.0294 [pdf] replaced on 2020-07-04 14:59:48

Where Physics Starts…

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 13 Pages. -

The classical physics is described by three laws of Newton and the law of Universal gravitation. It is shown that this description can be executed by only two laws — the second law of Newton and the law of Universal gravitation. Physical definition of weight,force and an inertial reference system is given. The translation of article from Russian into English is enclosed.
Category: Classical Physics

[250] viXra:1809.0293 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 01:40:18

Life and Death in Verbal Designation

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -

The words LIFE and DEATH doesn't need adoption from somewhere as are result of directly direct experience.
Category: Linguistics

[249] viXra:1809.0292 [pdf] replaced on 2020-07-05 06:59:16

How Scientific Delusions Appear

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 13 Pages. -

Differences of experimental and theoretical approaches in physics which can lead to considerable problems are considered. The translation of article from Russian into English is enclosed.
Category: Classical Physics

[248] viXra:1809.0290 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 02:25:47

Photonic Topological Quantum Computer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Scientists have developed a topological photonic chip to process quantum information, promising a more robust option for scalable quantum computers. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[247] viXra:1809.0289 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 04:35:03

Near-Infrared Laser Systems

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[246] viXra:1809.0288 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 04:53:45

Living Cells with Laser

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41] All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[245] viXra:1809.0287 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 05:11:38

Ultracompact Laser

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

A tiny laser comprising an array of nanoscale semiconductor cylinders (see image) has been made by an all-A*STAR team. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41] All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[244] viXra:1809.0286 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-15 05:26:53

Laser Printed Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

Printed electronics use standard printing techniques to manufacture electronic devices on different substrates like glass, plastic films, and paper. [43] A tiny laser comprising an array of nanoscale semiconductor cylinders (see image) has been made by an all-A*STAR team. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41] All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[243] viXra:1809.0285 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 06:43:42

Spontaneous T-Symmetry Breaking

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

Recently, extensive study shows that the parity-time symmetry breaking in open systems leads to exceptional points, promising for novel applications leasers and sensing. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating—something that is impossible in classical physics. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11] Some three-dimensional materials can exhibit exotic properties that only exist in "lower" dimensions. For example, in one-dimensional chains of atoms that emerge within a bulk sample, electrons can separate into three distinct entities, each carrying information about just one aspect of the electron's identity—spin, charge, or orbit. The spinon, the entity that carries information about electron spin, has been known to control magnetism in certain insulating materials whose electron spins can point in any direction and easily flip direction. Now, a new study just published in Science reveals that spinons are also present in a metallic material in which the orbital movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus is the driving force behind the material's strong magnetism. [10] Currently studying entanglement in condensed matter systems is of great interest. This interest stems from the fact that some behaviors of such systems can only be explained with the aid of entanglement. [9] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the University of Cambridge in the UK have demonstrated that it is possible to directly generate an electric current in a magnetic material by rotating its magnetization. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[242] viXra:1809.0284 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 07:24:35

Model of Trapped Atoms and Ions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20] Recently, extensive study shows that the parity-time symmetry breaking in open systems leads to exceptional points, promising for novel applications leasers and sensing. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating—something that is impossible in classical physics. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11]
Category: Quantum Physics

[241] viXra:1809.0283 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 07:47:20

Tunable Quantum State

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Quantum particles can be difficult to characterize, and almost impossible to control if they strongly interact with each other—until now. [21] A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20] Recently, extensive study shows that the parity-time symmetry breaking in open systems leads to exceptional points, promising for novel applications leasers and sensing. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating—something that is impossible in classical physics. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12]
Category: Quantum Physics

[240] viXra:1809.0282 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 08:44:48

Building Blocks for Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Twente, working with colleagues at the Technical Universities of Delft and Eindhoven, have successfully developed a new and interesting building block. [22] Researchers at the Institut d'Optique Graduate School at the CNRS and Université Paris-Saclay in France have used a laser-based technique to rearrange cold atoms one-by-one into fully ordered 3D patterns. [21] Reduced entropy in a three-dimensional lattice of super-cooled, laser-trapped atoms could help speed progress toward creating quantum computers. [20] Under certain conditions, an atom can cause other atoms to emit a flash of light. At TU Wien (Vienna), this quantum effect has now been measured. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating—something that is impossible in classical physics. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14]
Category: Quantum Physics

[239] viXra:1809.0281 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 09:19:36

3-D Imaging for Brain Diseases

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

Researchers have developed a combination of commercially available hardware and open-source software, named PySight, which improves rapid 2-D and 3-D imaging of the brain and other tissues. [39] A University of Nottingham academic has won a prestigious five-year fellowship to explore the use of harmless sound waves to view deep inside living cells to aid early diagnose in diseases such as cancer. [38] A new system capable of probing microscopic environments inside cells has been installed at the University of Exeter's Bioimaging Centre. [37] "We put the optical microscope under a microscope to achieve accuracy near the atomic scale," said NIST's Samuel Stavis, who served as the project leader for these efforts. [36] Researchers have designed an interferometer that works with magnetic quasiparticles called magnons, rather than photons as in conventional interferometers. [35] A technique to manipulate electrons with light could bring quantum computing up to room temperature. [34] The USTC Microcavity Research Group in the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information has perfected a 4-port, all-optically controlled non-reciprocal multifunctional photonic device based on a magnetic-field-free optomechanical resonator. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29]
Category: Mind Science

[238] viXra:1809.0280 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 15:25:58

Alternative Reflections on Gravitational Anomalies During Solar Eclipses

Authors: Johann Albers
Comments: 8 Pages.

Since the first reports by Allais about gravitational anomalies during solar eclipses, a large number of papers appeared until now which assume that these anomalies are due to a shielding or an absorption of the attracting force of the Sun by the mass of the Moon. In the meantime it became more and more clear that this is not the case. Instead of a single maximum of the anomaly at totality, as expected from a shielding effect, due to several recent observations, a quite different effect seems to exist: The appearance of two maxima of the gravitational anomalies, one near the first and a second near the fourth contact. This curious behavior can hardly be explained by classical theories of gravitation. On the basis of the "Alternative Reflections on Gravitation" (ARG), however, just such a behavior of the anomalous gravitational effects can very well be expected. This can be derived quite straightforward from the principles of the ARG, considering the interaction of ALPs from the Sun with the unusual spatial arrangement of the magnetic field of the Moon.
Category: Astrophysics

[237] viXra:1809.0279 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-15 17:18:26

Autoregressive and Rolling Moving Average Processes using the K-matrix with Discrete but Unequal Time Steps

Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 10 Pages.

The autoregressive and rolling moving average time series models are describe with discrete time steps that may be unequal. The standard time series is described, as well as a two-dimensional spatial process that is separable into two one-dimensional processes. The K-matrix representations for each of these are presented, which can then be subjected to standard matrix handling techniques.
Category: Statistics

[236] viXra:1809.0277 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 23:06:26

Constraining the Standard Model in Motivic Quantum Gravity

Authors: M. D. Sheppeard
Comments: 9 Pages. For the proceedings of Group32, Prague, July 2018

A physical approach to a category of motives must account for the emergent nature of spacetime, where real and complex numbers play a secondary role to discrete operations in quantum computation. In quantum logic, the cardinality of a set is initially replaced by a dimension of a linear space, making contact with the increasing dimensions in an operad. The operad of associahedra governs tree level scattering, and is closely related to the permutohedra and cube tiles, where cube vertices can encode components of a spinor in higher dimensional octonionic approaches. A study of rest mass generation begins with the cosmological infrared scale, set by the neutrino masses, and its related see-saw mechanism. We employ the anyonic ribbon spectrum for Standard Model states, and consider its relation to magic star algebras, giving a context for the Koide rest mass phenomenology of charged leptons and quarks.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[235] viXra:1809.0276 [pdf] replaced on 2020-07-07 02:27:38

Clarity or Intentional Intricacy? Philosophy of Science

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 19 Pages. -

Causes of infringement of the correct understanding are considered. The clarity is reached on the simplest examples. From which withdrawal can lead to delusions. The translation of article from Russian into English is enclosed.
Category: Classical Physics

[234] viXra:1809.0275 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-12 13:59:20

Reasons for the Rotation of the Planets

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 8 Pages. -

The reason of own rotation of planets of solar system is considered
Category: Classical Physics

[233] viXra:1809.0274 [pdf] replaced on 2021-04-05 22:26:12

Etymology Of The Words Abracadabra, Galimatias, Ribble-Rabble, Drizzle

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 36 Pages.

The probable etymology of Russian words given in the title is considered. Attached is a translation from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics

[232] viXra:1809.0273 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 02:09:03

As there Are Scientific Delusions

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 24 Pages. -

On the example of classical physics. Description of rotation
Category: Classical Physics

[231] viXra:1809.0272 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 02:30:12

Tataro-Mongolsky Invasion

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

Stability of human species at them mixing
Category: Physics of Biology

[230] viXra:1809.0271 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 02:36:09

On The Origin of Mass of Fundamental Particles

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 2 Pages.

This paper aims to give basic theoretical approach in order to interpret the origin of masses in elementary particles. This solution of mass problem is very crucial and forms a fundamental base in theoretical particle physics. For particle and nuclear physicists this solutions is a holy grail in particle physics. Particles of group fermions and bosons are evolved without mass this means these were massless [1] at the beginning, but soon they acquire mass by an interaction which is called as mechanism known Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[229] viXra:1809.0270 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-14 04:52:07

Tiny Camera Link Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

An international team of researchers led by The Australian National University (ANU) has invented a tiny camera lens, which may lead to a device that links quantum computers to an optical fibre network. [34] The companies constructed an application for data transmission via optical fiber lines, which when combined with high-speed quantum cryptography communications technologies demonstrated practical key distribution speeds even in a real-world environment. [33] Nanosized magnetic particles called skyrmions are considered highly promising candidates for new data storage and information technologies. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[228] viXra:1809.0269 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 05:39:03

Direct Proof of Internal Filling of the Egyptian Pyramids

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 6 Pages. -

The internal device of megalytic constructions from positions of practical technology.
Category: Archaeology

[227] viXra:1809.0268 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 05:42:36

The History Shown at Cinema

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -

The comment to viewing of the movie "Taurus"
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[226] viXra:1809.0267 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 05:47:24

Napoleon in Egypt

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 7 Pages. -

Evident history for fifth-graders
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[225] viXra:1809.0266 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 05:51:18

Political Futurology

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 6 Pages. -

The future is defined today
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[224] viXra:1809.0265 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 06:07:19

Etymology of the Words Barbarian and Varangian

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -

The origin of the words specified in heading is considered
Category: Linguistics

[223] viXra:1809.0264 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 06:08:22

Babylon as the Blueprint for Mount Tsaphon, Troy, Asgard, Olympus and Atlantis

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 2 Pages.

Mirroring is a well known principle in epic narratives. Babylon as a mountain (Jeremiah 51:25) was the model for the Mount Tzaphon, Troy, Asgard and Atlantis. My book on Babylon as Atlantis: roodgoudvanparvaim.nl (email, aurichalcum2018 (at) protonmail.com
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[222] viXra:1809.0262 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 07:23:05

Magnetization in Small Components

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) in Germany have now refined an electron microscope-based technique to capture static images of these components and to film the high-speed switching processes. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24] Topological effects, such as those found in crystals whose surfaces conduct electricity while their bulk does not, have been an exciting topic of physics research in recent years and were the subject of the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics. [23] A new technique developed by MIT researchers reveals the inner details of photonic crystals, synthetic materials whose exotic optical properties are the subject of widespread research. [22]
Category: Condensed Matter

[221] viXra:1809.0261 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 08:52:02

Bismuth Topological Conductor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 15 Pages.

A team of international scientists including Maia G. Vergniory, Ikerbasque researcher at DIPC and UPV/EHU associate, has discovered a new class of materials, higher-order topological insulators. [29] A team of researchers from Japan, the U.S. and China, has identified a topological superconducting phase for possible use in an iron-based material in quantum computers. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits—circuits that have zero electrical resistance—can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Condensed Matter

[220] viXra:1809.0260 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 09:43:52

Leidenfrost Effect

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

A team of researchers at Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes in France has found that Leidenfrost effect drops move around on a hot pan because they are self-propelled. [30] The researchers, led by Hans-Jurgen Bütt at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz, Germany, have published a paper on their experimental results in a recent issue of Physical Review Letters. [29] 400 kilometers above Earth, researchers examined waves in complex plasma under microgravity conditions and found that the microparticles behaved in nonuniform ways in the presence of varying electrical fields. [28] In nature, the nuclear reactions that form stars are often accompanied by astronomically high amounts of energy, sometimes over billions of years. [27] Dark matter halos are theoretical bodies inside which galaxies are suspended; the halo's mass dominates the total mass. [26] An international team of researchers extended their results from a previous study to directly measure the cosmic-ray all-electron (electron + positron) spectrum in an energy range from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET). [25] Mysterious radiation emitted from distant corners of the galaxy could finally be explained with efforts to recreate a unique state of matter that blinked into existence in the first moments after the Big Bang. [24] Researchers at Oregon State University have confirmed that last fall's union of two neutron stars did in fact cause a short gamma-ray burst. [23] Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[219] viXra:1809.0259 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 10:11:11

Individual Edge States

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 16 Pages.

Physicists of the University of Basel present the new method together with American scientists in Nature Communications. [30] A team of international scientists including Maia G. Vergniory, Ikerbasque researcher at DIPC and UPV/EHU associate, has discovered a new class of materials, higher-order topological insulators. [29] A team of researchers from Japan, the U.S. and China, has identified a topological superconducting phase for possible use in an iron-based material in quantum computers. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits—circuits that have zero electrical resistance—can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[218] viXra:1809.0258 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 10:29:29

AI-Based Robots and Drones

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

What if a parent could feel safe allowing a drone to walk their child to the bus stop? [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society (CNS), cognitive neuroscientists increasingly are using those emerging artificial networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18] Now researchers at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and UC Berkeley have come up with a novel machine learning method that enables scientists to derive insights from systems of previously intractable complexity in record time. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[217] viXra:1809.0255 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 02:10:07

Etymology of Words Crawl Stroke, Breast Stroke, Butterfly Stroke

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -

These names of three styles of swimming need of etymology. The correct etymology has to satisfy name, but not to casual similarity of sound.
Category: Linguistics

[216] viXra:1809.0254 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-27 09:52:23

Origin of the words UKRAINE and NULL

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 10 Pages. -

The current historical circumstances have already equalized the words UKRAINE and NULL, so the origin of these words can be considered not separately, but together.
Category: Linguistics

[215] viXra:1809.0253 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 02:33:46

"SCIENTIFIC" Criticism

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

Practice of scientific inquisition. Prevention of the publication on the basis of opinion of one reviewer
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[214] viXra:1809.0252 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 02:43:52

Collision of Opinions

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

Problem of opposition of any solid group and some TURNCOAT.
Category: Social Science

[213] viXra:1809.0251 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 02:54:01

Tolerance Limits

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -

Understanding of tolerance in the West and in Russia
Category: Social Science

[212] viXra:1809.0250 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-13 04:50:44

Can I Embed the Mass/Energy into the Spacetime Structure?

Authors: Mirosław J. Kubiak
Comments: 4 Pages.

Some physicists believe that the spacetime, in absence of the matter, is empty. In this paper I presented an opposing point of view.
Category: Topology

[211] viXra:1809.0249 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-02 03:55:00

A Classification of Quantum Particles

Authors: Vu B Ho
Comments: 23 Pages. This work has been published in Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: A Physics and Space Science

In this work, by summarising our recent works on the differential geometric and topological structures of quantum particles and spacetime manifold, we discuss the possibility to classify quantum particles according to their intrinsic geometric structures associated with differentiable manifolds that are solutions to wave equations of two and three dimensions. We show that fermions of half-integer spin can be identified with differentiable manifolds which are solutions to a general two-dimensional wave equation, in particular, a two-dimensional wave equation that can be derived from Dirac equation. On the other hand, bosons of integer spin can be identified with differentiable manifolds which are solutions to a general three-dimensional wave equation, in particular, a three-dimensional wave equation that can be derived from Maxwell field equations of electromagnetism. We also discuss the possibility that being restricted to three-dimensional spatial dimensions we may not be able to observe the whole geometric structure of a quantum particle but rather only the cross-section of the manifold that represents the quantum particle and the space in which we are confined. Even though not in the same context, such view of physical existence may comply with the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics which states that the properties of a physical system are not definite but can only be determined by observations.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[210] viXra:1809.0248 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 08:18:11

Pristine Quantum Light Source

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

The team says that this finding could open up a new avenue of research, which unites quantum light with photonic devices having built-in protective features. [29] Engineers have shown that a widely used method of detecting single photons can also count the presence of at least four photons at a time. [28] An international team of researchers, affiliated with UNIST has presented a core technology for quantum photonic devices used in quantum information processing. They have proposed combining of quantum dots for generating light and silicon photonic technologies for manipulating light on a single device. [27]Concerning the development of quantum memories for the realization of global quantum networks, scientists of the Quantum Dynamics Division led by Professor Gerhard Rempe at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ) have now achieved a major breakthrough: they demonstrated the long-lived storage of a photonic qubit on a single atom trapped in an optical resonator. [26] Achieving strong light-matter interaction at the quantum level has always been a central task in quantum physics since the emergence of quantum information and quantum control. [25] Operation at the single-photon level raises the possibility of developing entirely new communication and computing devices, ranging from hardware random number generators to quantum computers. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[209] viXra:1809.0247 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 09:21:05

The Ellipse Circle Ellipse Property of Projectile Motion

Authors: Radhakrishnamurty Padyala
Comments: 5 Pages.

Recently we gave an alternate method to show the presence of an ellipse in the paths of projectiles, to the method given by Fernandez-Chapou and coworkers. Our method demonstrated that particles dropped from points of a circle in a vertical plane on to the horizontal diameter and reflected through 90 degrees by mirrors halfway on their paths, follow parabolic trajectories and that the apexes of these parabolic paths lie on an ellipse. In this article we give a similar procedure to show that particles dropped from points of an ellipse in a vertical plane to the horizontal (minor) axis but reflected through 90 degrees by mirrors halfway on their paths, follow parabolic trajectories and that the apexes of these parabolic paths lie on a circle. From this circle we can generate another ellipse by a similar procedure as above. This ‘circle-ellipse-circle–ellipse-…’ cycle is a representation of the ‘birth-death-birth-death-…’ cycle. It is a representation of the ‘parent-child-parent-child-…’ cycle of living organisms. These cycles have no beginning and no end. They exhibit the beauty of symmetry of Natural law. We don’t use vectors or calculus or Newton’s laws in our method. We follow Galileo’s tradition, use geometry principles in our analysis.
Category: Classical Physics

[208] viXra:1809.0246 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 09:09:58

Microscopic Sound Waves Study Cell

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

A University of Nottingham academic has won a prestigious five-year fellowship to explore the use of harmless sound waves to view deep inside living cells to aid early diagnose in diseases such as cancer. [38] A new system capable of probing microscopic environments inside cells has been installed at the University of Exeter's Bioimaging Centre. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

[207] viXra:1809.0245 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 10:04:01

Quantum Cryptographic Communications

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

The companies constructed an application for data transmission via optical fiber lines, which when combined with high-speed quantum cryptography communications technologies demonstrated practical key distribution speeds even in a real-world environment. [33] Nanosized magnetic particles called skyrmions are considered highly promising candidates for new data storage and information technologies. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[206] viXra:1809.0244 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 11:49:24

CFD Study of Pikes Peak Race Car 2017

Authors: Timoteo Briet Blanes
Comments: 51 Pages.

CFD STUDY OF PIKES PEAK RACE CAR 2017.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[205] viXra:1809.0243 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 11:56:34

Insulator Becomes Conductor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Physicists from Leiden University have now found that the charging process of ionic liquids depends purely on opposite charges attracting each other. [36] Physicists at the University of Zurich are researching a new class of materials: Higher-order topological insulators. [35] One can also imagine making a superconducting transistor out of graphene, which you can switch on and off, from superconducting to insulating. That opens many possibilities for quantum devices." [34] A team of scientists has detected a hidden state of electronic order in a layered material containing lanthanum, barium, copper, and oxygen (LBCO). [33] Now in a new study, researchers have discovered the existence of a positive feedback loop that gratly enhances the superconductivity of cuprates and may shed light on the origins of high-temperature cuprate superconductivity— considered one of the most important open questions in physics. [33] Using ultracold atoms, researchers at Heidelberg University have found an exotic state of matter where the constituent particles pair up when limited to two dimensions. [32] Neutron diffraction at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering has clarified the absence of magnetic order and classified the superconductivity of a new next-generation of superconductors in a paper published in Europhysics Letters. [31] A potential new state of matter is being reported in the journal Nature, with research showing that among superconducting materials in high magnetic fields, the phenomenon of electronic symmetry breaking is common. [30] Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland and the Technical University Munich in Germany have lifted the veil on the electronic characteristics of high-temperature superconductors. Their research, published in Nature Communications, shows that the electronic densities measured in these superconductors are a combination of two separate effects. As a result, they propose a new model that suggests the existence of two coexisting states rather than competing ones postulated for the past thirty years, a small revolution in the world of superconductivity. [29]
Category: Condensed Matter

[204] viXra:1809.0242 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 12:59:41

Deep-See Images with AI

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

The evaluation of very large amounts of data is becoming increasingly relevant in ocean research. [27] An LMU study now shows that new algorithms allow interactions in the atmosphere to be modeled more rapidly without loss of reliability. [26] Progress on new artificial intelligence (AI) technology could make monitoring at water treatment plants cheaper and easier and help safeguard public health. [25] And if that isn't surprising enough, try this one: in many cases, doctors have no idea what side effects might arise from adding another drug to a patient's personal pharmacy. [24] Intel's Gadi Singer believes his most important challenge is his latest: using artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape scientific exploration. [23] Artificial intelligence is astonishing in its potential. It will be more transformative than the PC and the Internet. Already it is poised to solve some of our biggest challenges. [22] In the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), we've often looked for signs of intelligence, technology and communication that are similar to our own. [21] Call it an aMAZE -ing development: A U.K.-based team of researchers has developed an artificial intelligence program that can learn to take shortcuts through a labyrinth to reach its goal. In the process, the program developed structures akin to those in the human brain. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18] have come up with a novel machine learning method that enables scientists to derive insights from systems of previously intractable complexity in record time. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[203] viXra:1809.0241 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 15:21:12

A Note on Incompatibility of the Dirac-like Field Operator with the Majorana Anzats

Authors: Valeriy Dvoeglazov
Comments: 7 Pages.

We investigate some subtle points of the Majorana(-like) theories.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[202] viXra:1809.0240 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 15:35:04

Question on Iterated Limits in Relativity

Authors: Valeriy Dvoeglazov
Comments: 3 Pages.

Two iterated limits are not equal each other, in general. Thus, we present an example when the massless limit of the function of E, vec p, m does not exist in some calculations within quantum field theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[201] viXra:1809.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 16:09:02

维利里奥论“义肢”

Authors: 郑兴
Comments: 17 Pages.

维利里奥从“义肢”与“身体”的关系出发,指出“义肢”所带来的种种负面效应:人类逐渐依附于义肢,使得自己对外部世界的直接体验逐步被义肢化的间接体验所侵蚀。这其中,义肢发展到今日,已不单单是传统的手工工具、以及汽车、飞机这样携带着“相对速度”的移动载具,更加值得我们关注的是,已经实现“绝对速度”传导和实现“远程控制”的网络义肢,以及已经觊觎身体内部的内侵式义肢,它们所带来的种种效应更为极端,使得我们所居住的“地域身体”的外部空间和自身动物身体的“内部空间”遭到持续的控制和侵占。不过,与维利里奥相对的是,斯蒂格勒则认为,“义肢”和“身体”并不存在非此即彼的对立关系,而他的隐忧是:今日的种种“义肢”正在被整合到全球资本主义秩序中,一种新的“知识无产化”使无产者被更深层次、更为隐秘地剥削。
Category: Social Science

[200] viXra:1809.0238 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 16:17:49

保罗·维利里奥论当代艺术

Authors: 郑兴
Comments: 10 Pages.

战争是维利里奥关心的核心议题,他对当代艺术提出的批评,是基于他对战争问题的洞察:两次“世界大战”之后,当代艺术决然不能独善其身,而是必然会在各种作品中留下艺术家对于战争的回应。这其中,令维利里奥的不能接受的是,对身体的觊觎和入侵,竟然在一些当代艺术家的作品中复现。这种对身体的戕害更多地是为了迎合当代的视听技术激增的语境,成为确认自身先锋性的手段:今天,艺术观赏者大多只会耽溺于“真实细节”的过量供应,被“即现”之中的话题制造和情绪煽动而吸引。通过“再现”与观者达成默契已然极为艰难。
Category: Social Science

[199] viXra:1809.0237 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 16:30:30

维利里奥论海湾战争

Authors: 郑兴
Comments: 15 Pages.

海湾战争对维利里奥来说是真正意义上的第一场现代战争,它完美地演绎了维利里奥的“知觉后勤”的理论,战争中被大规模应用种种的信息技术和卫星技术,标志着“知觉后勤”不再只是当代战争的辅助手段,而是已经从根本上决定了战争的胜负走向。这场战争还是人类第一次通过电视直播让全球观众实时见证大规模军事行动,但这并不能让我们欢呼新闻自由的进步,而只是意味着,美国在发动一种新型战争的同时,也在操作一种新的“影像政治”。我们也看到,新的技术语境下,维利里奥的“消失美学”的概念也在当代战争获得了新的呈现。与此同时,我们通过引入鲍德里亚对海湾战争的论述,进一步凸显了维利里奥与鲍德里亚二者理论背景的差异,这样的比照有助于丰富我们对于这场战争的理解。
Category: Social Science

[198] viXra:1809.0235 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 19:10:09

In Support of a New Gravitational Model

Authors: Richard A Peters
Comments: 41 Pages.

If gravity is mediated by the exchange of gravitons between objects, then the acceleration of an object toward a gravitational body (GB) is proportional to the graviton flux emitted by the GB that impinges on the object. Any motion of the object relative to the GB will affect the graviton flux from the GB on the object. The acceleration of the object relative to the GB will thus depend on both the object’s distance from the object and its motion relative to the GB. This behavior defies the known acceleration profile that is absent any factor of the velocity of an object in the gravitational field. If an object were directly subject to gravity, the gravitational field of a GB could not be characterized, as it is known to be, solely as a function of the active gravitational mass and distance of the GB. The only mechanism that can be invoked to nullify the certain and irrefutable effect of the augmentation of graviton flux by the velocity of an object toward a GB is one that denies altogether the direct effect of graviton flux on the acceleration of an object in a gravitational field. In simpler terms: massive objects are not directly subject to gravity! The Temporal InertiaI (TI) field model of gravity and inertia is a conjecture of this author. The TI field acts as an intermediary in the transmission of the gravitational force between objects. Particles of the TI field are directly subject to gravity but objects are not. An object is accelerated toward a GB at the same rate as the TI field. The TI field supports the propagation of gravitons. No matter how the TI field moves, the velocity of gravitons is constant relative to the TI field, hence there is no increase in graviton flux as the TI field moves toward a GB except for the increase in graviton flux caused by the proximity to the GB.
Category: Classical Physics

[197] viXra:1809.0234 [pdf] replaced on 2019-08-03 19:27:14

Proof of the Limits of Sine and Cosine at Infinity

Authors: Jonathan W. Tooker
Comments: 48 Pages. Greatly improved v7

We develop a representation of complex numbers separate from the Cartesian and polar representations and define a representing functional for converting between representations. We define the derivative of a function of a complex variable with respect to each representation and then we examine the variation within the definition of the derivative. After studying the transformation law for the variation between representations of complex numbers, we will show that the new representation has special properties which allow for a modification to the transformation law for the variation which preserves, in certain cases, the definition of the derivative. We refute a common proof that the limits of sine and cosine at infinity cannot exist. We use the modified variation in the definition of the derivative to compute the limits of sine and cosine at infinity.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[196] viXra:1809.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 01:24:56

Smolin Sir, I Have the Answers-Part-II, Alternative Cosmology: Redshift of Light Yes, Expansion of the Universe No! Part-a and Part-B

Authors: S. k. Malhotra
Comments: 49 Pages. a paper that changes phyics and cosmology completely!

In the history of physics, ideas on space and time have changed the course of physics a number of times; this is another such event. This time, we postulate ‘space and time’ as a flow of quantum gravity energy, having the absolute velocity c (same as the velocity of light), where time is the delay in the spread of space (delay from infinite velocity flow, when there would be no time), such a flow has to have a reverse cycle, as energy creating it (howsoever large it might be, has to be limited and limited energy can only create a limited space and time energy spread) and the reverse cycle is that of the creation of fundamental particles. This explanation of the universe (space and time not spacetime), as energy flow having a reverse cycle as its base, tells us that the idea of an expanding universe is prime facie wrong. The problem has been that we have gone along too far with the perception of the relativistic world that Einstein built over 100 years ago. Einstein had no hesitation in accepting the idea of absoluteness of the velocity of light but never thought of giving the same absoluteness to space (and time) as a flow having the same absolute velocity c (the universal constant of nature). Thus, the problem with cosmology is not something contained in the subject but with things, it inherited from physics; they take physics given to us by great minds like Einstein (and Bohr on quantum mechanics) for over the 100 years as a gospel truth and have not questioned it seriously ever. Physicist incorrect conclusions have become the bread and butter of cosmology; cosmologists and physicists thus see the universe without the essential part of it: as an absolute flow of quantum gravity. This new reasoning on space and time—as a flow of energy--leads us to show that expansion of the universe is only an appearance, reality is far away from it. And why is it only an appearance? The argument, in brief, is as follows: One, the universe is so large that we cannot see the edges, light from the edges takes far too long to reach us, there is a theoretical limit to possible visibility, thus, we have to refute its unlimitedness by theoretical considerations only; the reality is non-observable. Two, the process is dark, it is range of invisible (before charge emerged), the process of creation of charge (the reflection of light starts with it) has not yet taken place; it is the elusive dark energy that constitutes 74% of the total energy of the universe. We never connected space and time to flow of energy, and so did not find its connection either to its limitedness or to its dark nature (dark energy). Three, the space energy flow has a reverse process which leads to the formation of fundamental particles we have not included it in the totality of the processes of the universe, the former is the dark energy and the initial part of the reverse process—till it reaches the state of ionisation-- is dark matter. In the continuity of the cycle of space flow and its reversal to matter forms, ionisation happens at a particular point and visibility comes through along with; ionisation is a later event (which, as we explain later when we come to explaining the reverse process and with it enters visibility). It is this reverse process which creates fundamental particles (no big bang, the creation of particles is here and now). With no idea of space as energy flow and no idea of the reverse process, physicists could never take the step in the direction of the correct understanding of the ‘dark energy’ or ‘dark matter’. Along with the correct understanding of the dark matter and the dark energy, enters another conclusion of great importance: the limitedness of the universe means it is closed from all ends, it is like a crucible of huge dimensions, thus CMB is not radiation from primordial past, it is something which is happening here and now. Thus, one correction—space is an absolute flow of quantum gravity, emerging probably from the binary black holes-- changes all our understanding of cosmology. This is one stone—space is an absolute flow of quantum gravity—that kills (correctly explains) four birds (issues): explains the not expanding universe, explain what dark energy is, explain what dark matter is and it tells us that CMB is not radiation from primordial past. The lack of one entity—absoluteness of space and time—has led us to the wrong conclusion on each of the four issues, biggest of all being: the inflationary universe (and its subsequent conclusion to its Big Bang creation).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[195] viXra:1809.0232 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 01:58:30

Electron Capture: a More Complete Equation

Authors: Antonio Puccini
Comments: 8 Pages.

The Electron Capture(EC) is a peculiar phenomenon that unstable atoms can use to become more stable. During EC, an electron(e) in an atom's inner shell is drawn into the nucleus where it combines with a proton(P), forming a neutron(N) and a neutrino(): P + e  N + (1). Electrons are usually captured from the inner K layer, leaving 'holes' process or Auger’s es. Such a capture may also leave the nucleus in an excited state, causing it to release γ rays. This emission of highly energetic electro-magnetic radiation(EMR), generally originates the production of pairs of light particles: γ  e + e+(2), or:γ   + ῡ(3), where ῡ is an anti-neutrino. Yet, if this phenomenon of materialization of the EMR that accompanies the EC, manifesting in the production of lepton pairs(described in this case by the Eq.3), was represented in the equation describing the EC, we could better justify that  appeared ex abrupto in Eq.(1). Therefore, taking into account also the EMR(γ) emitted at the time of the EC, and inserting it in Eq.(1) on the side of the captured e, we have: P + e + γ  P + e + ῡe.+ e  N + e(4), that is:P + e + ῡe.+ e ↔ N + e(5). However, as the e mass is considered  2eV, Eq,(1) and (5) show a conspicuous mass gap problem, since according to Pauli and Fermi the  proposed to compensate for the mass gap of the N decay must have the same mass of e. Unless one wishes to hypothesize the existence of the neutral electron(e°). In this case, Eq.(5) should be rewritten as follows: P + e + ē° + e° ↔ N + e°(6).
Category: Mathematical Physics

[194] viXra:1809.0231 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-19 15:15:15

Finding the Planck Length Independent of Newton's Gravitational Constant and the Planck Constant

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 5 Pages.

In modern physics, it is assumed that the Planck length is a derived constant from Newton's gravitational constant, the Planck constant and the speed of light, l_p=Sqrt(G*hbar/c^3). This was first discovered by Max Planck in 1899. We suggest a way to find the Planck length independent of any knowledge of Newton's gravitational constant or the Planck constant, but still dependent on the speed of light (directly or indirectly).
Category: Quantum Physics

[193] viXra:1809.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 02:51:37

An Inventory Model under Space Constraint in Neutrosophic Environment: A Neutrosophic Geometric Programming Approach

Authors: Chaitali Kar, Bappa Mondal, Tapan Kumar Roy
Comments: 17 Pages.

In this paper, an inventory model is developed without shortages where the production cost is inversely related to the set up cost and production quantity. In addition, the holding cost is considered time dependent. Here impreciseness is introduced in the storage area. The objective and constraint functions are defined by the truth (membership) degree, indeterminacy (hesitation) degree and falsity (non-membership) degree. Likewise, a non-linear programming problem with a constraint is also considered.
Category: General Mathematics

[192] viXra:1809.0229 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 02:53:15

A Revisit to NC-VIKOR Based MAGDM Strategy in Neutrosophic Cubic Set Environment

Authors: Shyamal Dalapati, Surapati Pramanik
Comments: 11 Pages.

Multi attribute group decision making with VIKOR (VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje) strategy has been widely applied to solving real-world problems. Recently, Pramianik et al. [S. Pramanik, S. Dalapati, S. Alam, and T. K. Roy. NCVIKOR based MAGDM strategy under neutrosophic cubic set environment, Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, 20 (2018), 95-108]proposed VIKOR strategy for solving MAGDM, where compromise solutions are not identified in neutrosophic cubic environment. To overcome the shortcomings of the paper, we further modify the VIKOR strategy by incorporating compromise solution in neutrosophic cubic set environment. Finally, we solve an MAGDM problem using the modified NC-VIKOR strategy to show the feasibility, applicability and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Further, we present sensitivity analysis to show the impact of different values of the decision making mechanism coefficient on ranking order of the alternatives.
Category: General Mathematics

[191] viXra:1809.0228 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:02:12

Bi-level Linear Programming Problem with Neutrosophic Numbers

Authors: Surapati Pramanik, Partha Pratim Dey
Comments: 12 Pages.

The paper presents a novel strategy for solving bi-level linear programming problem based on goal programming in neutrosophic numbers environment. Bi-level linear programming problem comprises of two levels namely upper or first level and lower or second level with one objective at each level. The objective function of each level decision maker and the system constraints are considered as linear functions with neutrosophic numbers of the form [p + q I], where p, q are real numbers and I represents indeterminacy.
Category: General Mathematics

[190] viXra:1809.0227 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:03:19

Divergence Measure of Neutrosophic Sets and Applications

Authors: Nguyen Xuan Thao, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this paper, we first propose the concept of divergence measure on neutrosophic sets. We also provide some formulas for the divergence measure for neutrosophic sets. After that, we investigate the properties of proposed neutrosophic divergence measure. Finally, we also apply these formulas in medical problem and the classification problem.
Category: General Mathematics

[189] viXra:1809.0226 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:04:38

Fuzzy Neutrosophic Alpham-Closed Sets in Fuzzy NeutrosophicTopological Spaces

Authors: Fatimah M. Mohammed, Shaymaa F. Matar
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, we state a new class of sets and called them fuzzy neutrosophic Alpham-closed sets, and we prove some theorem related to this definition. Then, we investigate the relation between fuzzy neutrosophic Alpham-closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic α closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic semi closed sets and fuzzy neutrosophic pre closed sets. On the other hand, some properties of the fuzzy neutrosophic Alpham-closed set are given.
Category: General Mathematics

[188] viXra:1809.0225 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:05:42

Multi-Objective Portfolio Selection Model with Diversification by Neutrosophic Optimization Technique

Authors: Sahidul Islam, Partha Ray
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, we first consider a multi-objective Portfolio Selection model and then we add another entropy objective function and next we generalized the model. We solve the problems using Neutrosophic optimization technique. The models are illustrated with numerical examples.
Category: General Mathematics

[187] viXra:1809.0224 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:06:52

Neutrosophic Approach to Grayscale Images Domain

Authors: A. A. Salama, Florentin Smarandache, Hewayda ElGhawalby
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper, we propose a new technique for the enhancing images. It will work on removing the noise contained in the image as well as improving its contrast based on three different enhancing transforms, we commence by embedding the image into a neutrosophic domain; where the image will be mapped in three different levels, a level of trueness, a level of falseness and a level of indeterminacy. Hence, we act separately on each level using the enhancement transforms. Finally, we introduce a new analysis in the field of analysis and processing of images using the neutrosophic crisp set theory via Mat lab program where has been obtained three images, which helps in a new analysis to improve and retrieve images.
Category: General Mathematics

[186] viXra:1809.0223 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:07:51

Neutrosophic Crisp Bi-Topological Spaces

Authors: Riad Khidr Al-Hamido
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper, neutrosophic crisp bi-topological spaces, new types of open and closed sets in neutrosophic crisp bitopological spaces, the closure and interior neutrosophic crisp set and a new concept of open and closed sets are introduced. The basic properties of these types of open and closed sets and their properties are studied.
Category: General Mathematics

[185] viXra:1809.0222 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:08:53

Neutrosophic Triplet Normed Ring Space

Authors: Mehmet Şahin, Abdullah Kargın
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this article, a notion of neutrosophic triplet (NT) normed ring space is given and properties of NT normed ring spaces are studied. We demonstrate that NT normed ring is different from the classical one. Also, we show that a neutrosophic triplet normed ring can be a neutrosophic triplet norm when certain conditions are met.
Category: General Mathematics

[184] viXra:1809.0221 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:10:00

Neutrosophic Units of Neutrosophic Rings and Fields

Authors: T. Chalapathi, R. V. M. S. S. Kiran Kumar
Comments: 8 Pages.

In recent years, the inter connection between classical structures and Neutrosophic structures is studied by few researchers. For such kind of study, researchers defined new algebraic structures whose elements aregenerated by elements in classical algebraic set and indeterminate of the real world problem with respect to algebraic operations on the well defined Neutrosophic elements.
Category: General Mathematics

[183] viXra:1809.0220 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:12:48

On Neutrosophic Crisp Semi Alpha Closed Sets

Authors: Riad K. Al-Hamido, Qays Hatem Imran, Karem A. Alghurabi, Taleb Gharibah
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper, we presented another concept of neutrosophic crisp generalized closed sets called neutrosophic crisp semi-alpha-closed sets and studied their fundamental properties in neutrosophic crisp topological spaces.
Category: General Mathematics

[182] viXra:1809.0219 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:17:21

PEST Analysis Based on Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps: A Case Study for Food Industry

Authors: Ramona Parraga Alava, José Muñoz Murillo, Roy Barre Zambrano, María Isabel Zambrano Vélez, Maikel Leyva Vázquez
Comments: 9 Pages.

Neutrosophic cognitive maps and its application in decision making have become a topic of great importance for researchers and practitioners alike.PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological), analysis is a precondition analysis with the main functions of the identification of the environment within which and organization or project the operates and pr viding data and information for enabling the organization to make predictions about new situations and circumstances.
Category: General Mathematics

[181] viXra:1809.0218 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:18:18

Plithogenic Set, an Extension of Crisp, Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Neutrosophic Sets - Revisited

Authors: Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 14 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce the plithogenic set (as generalization of crisp, fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, and neutrosophic sets), which is a set whose elements are characterized by many attributes’ values. An attribute value v has a corresponding (fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, or neutrosophic) degree of appurtenance d(x,v) of the element x, to the set P, with respect to some given criteria.
Category: General Mathematics

[180] viXra:1809.0217 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:19:20

Rough Neutrosophic Multisets Relation with Application in Marketing Strategy

Authors: Suriana Alias, Daud Mohamad, Adibah Shuib
Comments: 20 Pages.

The concepts of rough neutrosophic multisets can be easily extended to a relation, mainly since a relation is also a set, i.e. a subset of a Cartesian product. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to define the definition of rough neutrosophic multisets relation of Cartesian product over a universal set.
Category: General Mathematics

[179] viXra:1809.0216 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-12 03:20:37

Single Valued Neutrosophic Numbers and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Project Selection

Authors: Milton Villegas Alava, Stella Paola Delgado Figueroa, Hilda Mercedes Blum Alcivar, Maikel Leyva Vázquez
Comments: 9 Pages.

Neutrosophic sets and its application to decision support have become a topic of great importance. In this paper, a new model for decision making in the selection of projects is presented based on single valued neutrosophic number (SVNnumbers) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The proposed framework is composed of five activities, framework, criteria weighting, gathering information, rating alternatives and project selection. Project alternatives are rated based on aggregation operator and the ranking of alternatives is based on scoring and accuracy functions.
Category: General Mathematics

[178] viXra:1809.0215 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 07:14:43

The Real Meaning of the Hubble Diagram

Authors: Karan R.Takkhi
Comments: 17 pages, 16 tables, 9 equations, 5 graphs, 1 figure (Manuscript submitted to a journal)

The Hubble diagram continues to remain one of the most important graphical representations in the realm of astronomy and cosmology right from its genesis that depicts the velocity-distance relation for the receding large-scale structures within the observable Universe. The linear behaviour of the Hubble diagram has remained consistent right from the very beginning when it got plotted for the very first time. In this paper I unravel the real meaning of the Hubble diagram by introducing the molecular diffusion model in order to explain the expansion of the Universe. The molecular diffusion model considers the distribution of large-scale structures as molecules inside a vacuum chamber. Since large- scale structures are ensemble of atoms, therefore, they can be treated as molecules possessing finite amount of energy. Instead of considering that space is expanding, the paper emphasizes upon the actual recession of large-scale structures. The study conducted in this paper finds the recessional behaviour of large-scale structures to be consistent with the recessional behaviour of molecules.
Category: Astrophysics

[177] viXra:1809.0213 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 09:09:18

Electron Heating in Plasmas

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

A KAIST research team successfully identified the underlying principles behind electron heating, which is one of the most important phenomena in plasmas. [43] Researchers at MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) have now demonstrated how microwaves can be used to overcome barriers to steady-state tokamak operation. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[176] viXra:1809.0212 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 09:58:43

AI Climate Computation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

An LMU study now shows that new algorithms allow interactions in the atmosphere to be modeled more rapidly without loss of reliability. [26] Progress on new artificial intelligence (AI) technology could make monitoring at water treatment plants cheaper and easier and help safeguard public health. [25] And if that isn't surprising enough, try this one: in many cases, doctors have no idea what side effects might arise from adding another drug to a patient's personal pharmacy. [24] Intel's Gadi Singer believes his most important challenge is his latest: using artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape scientific exploration. [23] Artificial intelligence is astonishing in its potential. It will be more transformative than the PC and the Internet. Already it is poised to solve some of our biggest challenges. [22] In the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), we've often looked for signs of intelligence, technology and communication that are similar to our own. [21] Call it an aMAZE -ing development: A U.K.-based team of researchers has developed an artificial intelligence program that can learn to take shortcuts through a labyrinth to reach its goal. In the process, the program developed structures akin to those in the human brain. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18] have come up with a novel machine learning method that enables scientists to derive insights from systems of previously intractable complexity in record time. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[175] viXra:1809.0211 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 10:59:43

The Cosmological Rotation Reversal and the G\"{o}del-Brahe Model: the Modifications of the G\"{o}del Metric

Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil
Comments: 10 Pages.

The General Relativistic G\"{o}del-Brahe model visualizes the universe rotating with angular velocity $2 \pi$ radians/day - around a stationary earth. The wave function of this model of universe $\psi_{Univ}$, has two chiral states - clockwise and anti clockwise. Due to instabilities in the electromagnetic fields, the wave function can tunnel between the two states. G\"{o}del-Rindler model with a heigth varying acceleration gives the gravitational field of the earth. G\"{o}del-Obukhov model with a sinusoidally varying scale factor gives the yearly north-south motion of the sun. G\"{o}del-Randall-Sundram model with an angular velocity varying with height, gives the yearly rotation of sun with respect to the back ground of the fixed stars. Confinement of light rays due to rotation in the G\"{o}del universe, coupled with an appropriate mapping, generates the illusion of sphericity over a flat earth - with half of earth lit by sun light and the other half in darkness. Finally a metric combining all these properties is given. Discussion of further work is given, namely - (1) Origin of earth's magnetic field due to a charged G\"{o}del universe - with a relation to the Van Allen radiation belt, (2) Geomagnetic reversals due to reversals of cosmological rotation, (3) Caismir energy in the charged G\"{o}del type universe and the energy density required for the G\"{o}del-Brahe model and (4) Behaviour of Causality in G\"{o}del universe and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[174] viXra:1809.0210 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 11:41:33

Dark Matter Clusters

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Scientists are hoping to understand one of the most enduring mysteries in cosmology by simulating its effect on the clustering of galaxies. [20] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved nearly $1 million in funding for the research team, which has been tasked with leveraging large-scale computer simulations and developing new statistical methods to help us better understand these fundamental forces. [19] According to a new study, they could also potentially detect dark matter, if dark matter is composed of a particular kind of particle called a "dark photon." [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[173] viXra:1809.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 13:12:45

Suppressing Instabilities in Tokamaks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 82 Pages.

Fusion, the power that drives the sun and stars, produces massive amounts of energy. [44] A KAIST research team successfully identified the underlying principles behind electron heating, which is one of the most important phenomena in plasmas. [43] Researchers at MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) have now demonstrated how microwaves can be used to overcome barriers to steady-state tokamak operation. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[172] viXra:1809.0208 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 13:48:03

Photoelectrode Harvest Visible Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

Scientists have developed a photoelectrode that can harvest 85 percent of visible light in a 30 nanometers-thin semiconductor layer between gold layers, converting light energy 11 times more efficiently than previous methods. [15] The tool allows engineers to design new classes of radio frequency-based components that are able to transport large amounts of data more rapidly, and with less noise interference. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[171] viXra:1809.0207 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 14:02:28

Extension to the Eratosthenes Sieve

Authors: Samia Lakehal
Comments: 13 Pages ; 2 Tables ; 766 Ko

The Sieve of Eratosthenes finds all the prime numbers up to any given limit by eliminating all non-primes from the list of all natural numbers. A list of natural numbers containing no multiples of 2, 3 or 5 is created, it is obtained by 8 formulas. The elimination of non-primes is effectuated from this new list. It then appears that it is possible to express all the non-primes belonging to this list by 36 other formulas, the prime numbers being the numbers satisfying the 8 formulas but not the 36.
Category: Number Theory

[170] viXra:1809.0206 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 14:12:22

Seven Photons Like Billions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

A system made of just a handful of particles acts just like larger systems, allowing scientists to study quantum behaviour more easily. [16] Scientists have developed a photoelectrode that can harvest 85 percent of visible light in a 30 nanometers-thin semiconductor layer between gold layers, converting light energy 11 times more efficiently than previous methods. [15] The tool allows engineers to design new classes of radio frequency-based components that are able to transport large amounts of data more rapidly, and with less noise interference. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[169] viXra:1809.0205 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-25 19:48:54

DNA Resonance Code

Authors: Ivan V. Savelyev, Nelli V. Zyryanova, Oksana Polesskaya, Celeste O'Mealy, Max Myakishev-Rempel
Comments: 21 Pages.

Most basic experiments on biological fields involve two samples such as cell culture aliquotes in sealed quartz cuvettes separated by optical filters. When one of the aliquotes is perturbed, the second one may catch the signal that is transferred non-chemically and is blocked by light impermeable filters. Such effects are often referred to as "non-chemical cell-cell communication" and are reviewed in refs 1–4. Selected examples include reports communication of cell culture via polystyrene petri dish 5,6 and of plant roots through air 7. Among such models, simplest and most robust seems a model of Burlakov 8. Developing fish embryos used in this model are easy to produce, and since they are quickly developing, they are sensitive to biologically active waves, they are also more active in producing biologically active waves and abnormalities in their development are more dramatic and visible on microphotographs.
Category: Physics of Biology

[168] viXra:1809.0204 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 17:59:12

Fourth Edition: Final Results on P vs NP Via Integer Factorization and Optimization

Authors: Yuly Shipilevsky
Comments: 20 Pages.

We develop two different polynomial-time integer factorization algorithms. We reduce integer factorization problem to equivalent problem of minimizing a quadratic polynomial with integer coefficients over the integer points in a quadratically constrained two-dimensional region. Next, we reduce those minimization problem to the polynomial-time minimizing a quadratic polynomial with integer coefficients over the integer points in a special two-dimensional rational polyhedron. Next, we reduce integer factorization problem to the problem of enumeration of vertices of integer hull of a special two-dimensional rational polyhedron, solvable in time polynomial by Hartmann's algorithm. Finally, as we show that there exists an NP-hard minimization problem, equivalent to the original minimization problem, we conclude that P = NP.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[167] viXra:1809.0202 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-09 11:04:34

Final-State-Diagram of Quadratic Iterator Topologically Equivalent with an Eddy's Decay-Cascade in Turbulent Fluids,

Authors: Udo E. Steinemann
Comments: 7 Pages.

This article refers to the paper http://vixra.org/vixra:1801.0037, "Turbulence as structured Route of Energy from Order into Chaos", published by Udo E. Steinemann (vixra.org, Category: Physics, Classical Physics, 1801[2]). Within Conclusion of the referenced text a statement was made: "This way a picture about an eddy's decay can be drawn as a well structured route of energy from order into chaos, similar to those of many other dynamical systems too". The current text will give additional explanations to this statement. The current text will sketch the way entrance to chaos is shown for the quadratic iterator and how the major outcomes from this perception can be used in addition to the above mentioned article.
Category: Classical Physics

[166] viXra:1809.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 22:47:19

Maxwell-type Theory for Non-uniformly Moving Electric Charge

Authors: Hui Peng
Comments: 16 Pages. A mathematic approach for electrodynamics of non-uniform moving charge

In this article, we propose a mathematic approach to study the effects of accelerating charges. We postulate and demonstrate mathematically that the acceleration of electric charges generate new N and M fields. The N and M field equations are supplement to Maxwell equations, and have the similar forms as that of Maxwell equations. The effect of the N and M fields is to vary the Lorentz force with time, and have the similar forms as that of Lorentz force. The N and M fields propagate as waves. The N and M fields due to accelerating charges exist mathematically. We suggest that those new fields are worth to be systematically studied experimentally. The study of those new fields might open a new window.
Category: Classical Physics

[165] viXra:1809.0198 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 00:34:30

It is a Little Etymology. Ouk-Aylend and Labyrinth

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -

Meaning of two names – English and Greek.
Category: Linguistics

[164] viXra:1809.0197 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 00:35:18

Power of Tiny Vibrations

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

Ultra-fast vibrations can be used to heat tiny amounts of liquid, experts have found, in a discovery that could have a range of engineering applications. [17] A system made of just a handful of particles acts just like larger systems, allowing scientists to study quantum behaviour more easily. [16] Scientists have developed a photoelectrode that can harvest 85 percent of visible light in a 30 nanometers-thin semiconductor layer between gold layers, converting light energy 11 times more efficiently than previous methods. [15] The tool allows engineers to design new classes of radio frequency-based components that are able to transport large amounts of data more rapidly, and with less noise interference. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[163] viXra:1809.0196 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 00:39:46

Etymology of Numbers

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 17 Pages. -

Probable origin and meaning of initial names of numbers
Category: Linguistics

[162] viXra:1809.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 00:52:24

Word Crowd Etymology

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 11 Pages. -

Origin and word meaning CROWD
Category: Linguistics

[161] viXra:1809.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 00:55:28

Correction of Physics. Work and Energy

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 17 Pages. -

Vector sense of work
Category: Classical Physics

[160] viXra:1809.0193 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-02 08:37:01

Origin of the Word ТАРТАРИЯ (Tartary)

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 11 Pages. -

The origin of the word TARTARIYa is considered
Category: Linguistics

[159] viXra:1809.0192 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 02:27:48

On the Influence of Transient Aerodynamic Heave Vibrations on Racing Car Suspension Parameters: Aero Post Rig in a Quarter Car Test

Authors: Timoteo Briet Blanes
Comments: 41 Pages.

Vehicles running at high speed are greatly influenced by their aerodynamic profile. Racing car teams strive to tune the setup seeking higher levels of downforce aerodynamic load. Wind tunnel tests or track data for specific vehicle positions are useful but incomplete and very expensive. Transient loads on the vehicle come from very different sources and, to date, there is no established methodology to take them into consideration. Computer simulation seems to be a good starting point to study the effect of transient aerodynamic loads in the design and optimization of the tuning of the suspension of a racing car. This paper studies the effect of transient aerodynamic loads on the downforce of a vehicle. Heave vibrations on an aileron are analyzed on a simulation model. The data obtained in this simulation model are validated both in a steady and a transient state for different frequencies (1-800Hz). These results lead to the obtainment of a transfer function for the downforce on the aileron in question. Finally, a new quarter car model including aerodynamic effects from these studies is presented and some results on the influence of heave transient aerodynamics loads on a racing car are obtained.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[158] viXra:1809.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 02:30:13

Improving Suspension in a Quarter Car Model Test from Aero Post Rig Analysis: Performance Index

Authors: Timoteo Briet Blanes
Comments: 57 Pages.

The performance of an F1 race car is greatly influenced by its aerodynamics. Race teams try to improve the vehicle performance by aiming for more levels of downforce. A huge amount of time is spent in wind tunnel and track testing. Typical wind tunnel testing is carried out in steady aerodynamic conditions and with car static configurations. However, the ride heights of a car are continuously changing in a race track because of many factors. These are, for example, the roughness and undulations of the track, braking, accelerations, direction changes, aerodynamic load variations due to varying air speed and others. These factors may induce movements on suspensions components (sprung and unsprung masses) at different frequencies and may cause aerodynamic fluctuations that vary tires grip. When the frequency of the movement of a race car is high enough the steady aerodynamic condition and the car static configurations are not fulfilled. Then, transient effects appear and the dynamics of the system changes: heave, pitch and roll transient movements of the sprung mass affect both downforce and center of pressure position. The suspension system have to cope with them, but in order for the suspension to be effective, unsteady aerodynamics must be considered. The main objective is to model the effects of unsteady aerodynamics and know really the car dynamic, with the aim of optimizing the suspension performance, improving tire grip and finally reducing lap times.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[157] viXra:1809.0190 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-11 13:51:22

Thoughts About Thinking

Authors: Lev I. Verkhovsky
Comments: 12 Pages. The article in Russian

A geometric model illustrating the basic mechanisms of thinking -- logical and intuitive -- is proposed. The thinking of man and the problems of creating artificial intelligence are discussed. Although the article was published in the Russian popular science journal «Chemistry and Life» in 1989 No. 7, according to the author, it is not obsolete. In Russian.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[156] viXra:1809.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-11 04:21:39

Apparent Violation of the Second Law, Around Black Hole Nuclei and Other Quantum Knots.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 13 Pages.

Quantum FFF ( Function Follows Form) theory is a Rigid String Theory which states, that there are no singular string based repulsion forces or attraction forces. Attraction forces should be the result of the dual effect of two opposing photon pulses on a stringy Fermion. As a consequence, only the result of two opposing photons impinging on Fermions has to count as a quantum force and the so called “Feynman diagrams” should be adapted. In Q-FFF Theory, the vacuum is seeded with fast oscillating massless Axion/Higgs particles, oscillating along a complex chiral tetrahedral vacuum lattice, which has the ability to transfer Photon and Graviton information in wavelength bunches of oscillations, through the vacuum lattice with the local (mass related) speed of light and the origin of the so called Dark Energy observed e.g. in the Casimir effect. At the same time, only the sum of the different kinds of vacuum impulses with the local vacuum oscillation spectrum coming from all directions on Fermions are responsible for all energetic phenomena in the universe. So, we may call this force a fifth force as it opposes and interacts or compensates all Photon/Gluon pressure effects on fermions in the universe. The gravity around Black Holes is assumed to be based only on the zero point oscillation spectrum from outside the black hole without the opposing repulsive gravitons coming out of the black hole. Black holes don’t emit gravitons, consequently they are massless and harbor a nucleus of massless Axion/Higgs based Quantum vacuum knots only able to absorb the incoming oscillating vacuum particles and polarize the surrounding vacuum structure. The polarization of the local vacuum is also origin of the black hole repulsion horizon of all propeller shaped Fermions at a certain distance from the nucleus and even the creation of fermions and baryons ( plasma) out of the local vacuum. Reason to accept that the vacuum energy around dark matter black holes ( fifth force) combined with the propeller shape of fermions, is the origin of apparent violation of the second law, (entropy decrease) observed on earth and in space. Examples are: plasma tails of Ball lightning and (micro) Comets and Proplyds.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[155] viXra:1809.0188 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-09 10:39:33

The Clique Problem - A Polynomial Time and Non-Heuristic Solution

Authors: John Archie Gillis
Comments: 53 Pages.

The Clique Problem This paper provides a Polynomial Time and Non-Heuristic Solution to the Clique problem. Methods are given to find: 1.Maximum clique (a clique with the largest possible number of vertices), 2.Listing all maximal cliques (cliques that cannot be enlarged), and 3.Solving the decision problem of testing whether a graph contains a clique larger than a given size. 4.Finding cliques of a selected size, particularly largest cliques.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[154] viXra:1809.0186 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-09 16:00:27

The Solar Group Main Equation

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 6 Pages.

The Solar Group Main Equation C2 = 90000 mkm = 86400 mkm +3600 mkm (c= light velocity = 300000 km/sec) -The Equation tells us that, the solar planets and the sun herself are created from this same energy c2 -The solar group geometrical structure causes that c2= 90000 mkm
Category: Astrophysics

[153] viXra:1809.0185 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-09 18:15:22

Maxwell Equations Re-derived Mathematically

Authors: Hui Peng
Comments: 5 Pages. The world is built mathematically

In this article, by applying Gauss/Coulomb’s law, we re-derive mathematically the whole set of Maxwell equations, which means that, as long as a charge satisfies Gauss/Coulomb’s law, the uniform motion of the charge generates inevitably a magnetic field and an axial electric field. This fact is predetermined mathematically.
Category: Classical Physics

[152] viXra:1809.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-09 18:59:30

How an Artificial Kerr-Newman Black Hole Can Release Gravitational Waves

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 38 Pages. will be received by Christian Corda who will reccomend what to do with this paper

We initiate a model of an artificially induced Kerr-Newman black Holes, with specific angular momentum J, and then from there model was to what would happen as to an effective charge, Q, creating an E and B field, commensurate with the release of GWs. The idea is that using a frame of reference trick, plus E + i B = - function of the derivative of a complex valued scalar field, as given by Appell, in 1887, and reviewed by Whittaker and Watson, 1927 of their “A Course of Modern Analysis” tome that a first principle identification of a B field, commensurate with increase of thermal temperature, T, so as to have artificially induced GW production. This is compared in part with the Park 1955 paper of a spinning rod, producing GW, with the proviso that both the spinning rod paper, and this artificial Kerr-Newman Black hole will employ the idea of lasers in implementation of their respective GW radiation. The idea is in part partly similar to an idea the author discussed with Dr. Robert Baker, in 2016 with the difference that a B field would be generated and linked to effects linked with induced spin to the Kerr - Newman Black hole. We close with some observations about the “black holes have no hair” theorem, and our problem. Citing some recent suppositions that this “theorem” may not be completely true and how that may relate to our experimental situation. We close with observations from Haijicek, 2008 as which may be pertinent to Quantization of Gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[151] viXra:1809.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-09 21:28:49

Terra Firma: An Investigation of Pedologic Accuracy in Popular Media

Authors: James Andrew
Comments: 27 Pages.

In this paper we discuss the complexities of pedology - including the formation and morphology of soils. In order to highlight the intricacy and inter-connectivity of soil fertility, we will analyze various soils in four different types of movie sets in order to analyse the link between realism and worldbuilding and the immersion correct and deep soil science give to popular media.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[150] viXra:1809.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-09 23:23:27

Hubble Law Extended for the Accelerating Universe

Authors: Hui Peng
Comments: 7 Pages. your comment is very much welcomed

Hubble law describes both the uniformly expanding universe originally and then the accelerating universe. We argue that for describing an accelerating system, physics laws should include terms of acceleration for accuracy and completeness. We extend Velocity-Distance and Distance-Redshift relations of Hubble law to Acceleration-Velocity-Distance and Acceleration-Velocity-Distance-Redshift relation of Extended-Hubble-Law (denoted as EHL). The latter contains Doppler effect, Acceleration-Redshift, Hubble’s Distance-Redshift, and the cosmological redshift; and, thus, is appropriate for small and large redshift, slow and fast velocity, near and faraway source. EHL shows: (1) acceleration causes both redshift and the time change of redshift, which may be tested by sound wave; (2) the age of the accelerating universe is older. EHL provides an approach to test jerking motion of the universe. We suggest that EHL is worth to pursue for restudying Hubble law related phenomena including measurement of Hubble constant.
Category: Astrophysics

[149] viXra:1809.0178 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-04 07:09:32

Etymology of the Word Moskow

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 8 Pages. -

Etymology of the word MOSCOW is considered.
Category: Linguistics

[148] viXra:1809.0177 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-03 09:48:29

АЗ, БУКИ, ОУК. Its Probable Etymology

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 35 Pages. -

Predicted etymology of letter names in Russian alphabet АЗ, БУКИ, ОУК.
Category: Linguistics

[147] viXra:1809.0176 [pdf] replaced on 2021-10-27 20:40:59

God and Devil, Probable Etymology of These Words

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 34 Pages.

The probable origin and original meaning of Russian words GOD and DEVIL are examined. Attached is the translation of the article from Russian into English
Category: Linguistics

[146] viXra:1809.0175 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 00:47:54

Invention of Words

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 19 Pages. -

Origin of the initial and derivative words forming bushes of words.
Category: Linguistics

[145] viXra:1809.0174 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-10 03:55:27

Electromagnetic Waves Interact with Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

The tool allows engineers to design new classes of radio frequency-based components that are able to transport large amounts of data more rapidly, and with less noise interference. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Condensed Matter

[144] viXra:1809.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-08 08:08:24

Scalar Gun – Some Construction Details

Authors: Vitaliy Zamsha, Vladimir Shevtsov
Comments: 2 Pages. extra to existing article!

In this article authors represented some technical and construction details of the scalar gun described in the original article - " Magnetic Scalar Field Generator "
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[143] viXra:1809.0172 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-08 08:19:32

Dynamic Gravity Experiment with Physical Pendulum

Authors: Dezso Sarkadi
Comments: 6 Pages.

In recent decades, several methods significantly different from the classic method of the Cavendish torsion balance have been developed and used for measuring the gravitational constant G. Unfortunately, the new de-terminations of G have not reduced significantly its uncertainty. It seems that in recent times, the accuracy prob-lem for the gravitational constant has not been the focus. This paper presents a new type gravity experiment used a big and heavy physical pendulum, not for a newest gravitational constant measure, but for the study of special gravitational effects encountered accidentally. Surprisingly strong gravitational effects have been observed between moving masses. We have named the whole new group of gravitational phenomena by "dynamic gravity". Despite the simplicity of our gravity experiment, the observed extraordinary results could lead to an unexpected revolution in gravity science.
Category: Classical Physics

[142] viXra:1809.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-08 15:03:38

On the Infinite Product for the Ratio of k-th Power and Factorial

Authors: Edigles Guedes
Comments: 3 Pages.

I derive an infinite product for the ratio of k-th power and factorial.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[141] viXra:1809.0170 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-20 13:49:52

One Way Speed Of Light Based on Anderson's Experiment

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 3 Pages.

Based on Wilmer Anderson's experiment in 1937, the light detector is put in motion relatively to the mirror. Two light pulses are emitted from the mirror toward the detector. The elapsed time between two emissions is recorded on the oscilloscope. This elapsed time is larger if the detector moves away from the mirror faster. By comparing the elapsed time in the rest frame of the mirror to the elapsed time in the rest frame of the detector, the speed of light pulse in the rest frame of the mirror is found to be different from the speed of light pulse in the rest frame of the detector.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[140] viXra:1809.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-08 23:44:56

Probable Etymology of the Word ya

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 11 Pages. -

He opened a mouth and told: – I! It was asked: Who – I? He answered: I am Vladimir Mayakovsky. And Vladimir Mayakovsky – who? – I!
Category: Linguistics

[139] viXra:1809.0168 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-15 11:56:30

Anti-Gravity. Loss of Weight by Moving Object

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 7 Pages. -

Elimination of gravity without excessive energy consumption
Category: Classical Physics

[138] viXra:1809.0167 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-21 05:40:45

Mysterious god Perun

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 39 Pages. -

The supposed meaning of "god Perun" is considered. The translation of article from Russian into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics

[137] viXra:1809.0166 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-09 00:17:04

Question to N. N. Vashkevich

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 6 Pages. -

Fasmer outputs words of Russian in the adoption any language, if only not from the Russian. Vashkevich considers any "unmotivated" words too borrowed from the outside, but only from one language – Arab.
Category: Linguistics

[136] viXra:1809.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-09 00:23:07

Approximate Calculation of Construction of Pyramid of Cheops

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 12 Pages. -

Probable labor of construction of pyramid of Cheops. In the assumption of its covering concrete blocks only by external part.
Category: Archaeology

[135] viXra:1809.0164 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-23 04:13:03

A Fully Relativistic Description of Stellar or Planetary Objects Orbiting a Very Heavy Central Mass

Authors: Ll. Bel
Comments: 8 Pages. A section has been extended, some material suppressed

A fully relativistic numerical program is used to calculate the advance of the peri-helium of Mercury or the deflection of light by the Sun is here used also to discuss the case of S2, a star orbiting a very heavy central mass of the order of $4.3\,10^6$ solar masses.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[134] viXra:1809.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 06:39:48

Biomedical Micromotors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Using tiny micromotors to diagnose and treat disease in the human body could soon be a reality. [22] Scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have produced the most precise picture to date of population dynamics in fluctuating feast-or-famine conditions. [21] For planetary protection, this indicates that more stringent cleaning steps may be needed for missions focused on life detection and highlights the potential need to use differing and rotating cleaning reagents that are compatible with the spacecraft to control the biological burden. [20] Now an international team of researchers has found a new way to investigate how Tb bacteria inactivate an important family of antibiotics: They watched the process in action for the first time using an X-ray free-electron laser, or XFEL. [19] A protein complex called facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) plays a role in DNA packing within a nucleus, as well as in oncogenesis. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

[133] viXra:1809.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 07:43:02

Symmetry Breaking of Nanostructures

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

A recent study proposes that the thermodynamic factor plays a key role for the symmetry breaking of bimetal nano-heterostructures during seed-mediated growth. [41] This study shows the potential for engineered nanoparticles to magnetically control terahertz beams. [40] A new cancer therapy using nanoparticles to deliver a combination therapy direct to cancer cells could be on the horizon, thanks to research from the University of East Anglia. [39] Researchers have developed a new form of nanoparticle and associated imaging technique that can detect multiple disease biomarkers, including those for breast cancer, found in deep-tissue in the body. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32]
Category: Condensed Matter

[132] viXra:1809.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 08:09:08

Entanglement of Six Light Waves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Experiments performed at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP) in Brazil have succeeded in entangling six light waves generated by a simple laser light source known as an optical parametric oscillator. [40] Now scientists at MIT and Harvard University have for the first time studied this unique, theoretical lens from a quantum mechanical perspective, to see how individual atoms and photons may behave within the lens. [39] Unlike previous methods of quantum entanglement involving incoherent and thermal clouds of particles, in this experiment, the researchers used a cloud of atoms in the Bose-Einstein condensate state. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[131] viXra:1809.0160 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-18 13:32:45

Overview of Cl(16) Physics with Pd-D Fusion

Authors: Frank Dodd Tony Smith Jr
Comments: 46 Pages.

This is a pdf file of 46 slides about the Basic Ideas of Cl(16) Physics with Pd-D Fusion. It is only an Overview of Basic Ideas. Details are in vixra 1807.0166v3.pdf and vixra 1603.0098v2.pdf and my viXra pages and my web sites including valdostamuseum.com/hamsmith/ The Slideshow in mov format is on the web at valdostamuseum.com/hamsmith/OverviewSlideshow.mov The mov slides have no audio narration because I think that audio would distract from video presentation of the slides. Version 2 (v2) has more material about Gray-Nambu-Goto-Bohm-Sutherland-Sarfatti Quantum Theory. Version 3 (v3) adds material about the two D4 subalgebras of E8 and about Lie Ball Complex Domain Spirit World Cl(16) Information and Shilov Boundary Lie Sphere Physical World Microtubule Information of Quantum Consciousness.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[130] viXra:1809.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 10:38:57

Proactive Defending Computer Systems

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

If the computer or system being attacked has a security system, such as a firewall or anti-virus software, it might be able to recognize some code as being bad and prevent itself from being infected. [37] Qrypt, Inc., has exclusively licensed a novel cyber security technology from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, promising a stronger defense against cyberattacks including those posed by quantum computing. [36] Researchers have shown that a chip-based device measuring a millimeter square could be used to generate quantum-based random numbers at gigabit per second speeds. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality—a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[129] viXra:1809.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 14:10:16

Why the Summation Test Results in a Benford, and not a Uniform Distribution, for Data that Conforms to a Log Normal Distribution

Authors: Robert C. Hall
Comments: 27 Pages.

The Summation test consists of adding all numbers that begin with a particular first digit or first two digits and determining its distribution with respect to these first or first two digits numbers. Most people familiar with this test believe that the distribution is a uniform distribution for any distribution that conforms to Benford's law i.e. the distribution of the mantissas of the logarithm of the data set is uniform U[0,12). The summation test that results in a uniform distribution is true for an exponential function (geometric progression) but not true for a data set that conforms to a Log Normal distribution even when the Log Normal distribution itself closely approximates Benford's Law.
Category: Number Theory

[128] viXra:1809.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 17:08:55

Finding the Planck Length From Electron and Proton Fundamentals

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 2 Pages.

We suggest a way to find the Planck length by finding the Compton wavelength of the electron from Compton scattering, and then measuring the proton-electron ratio using cyclotron frequency. This gives us the Planck length using a Cavendish apparatus with no knowledge of Newton's gravitational constant. The Planck length is indeed important for gravity, but Newton's gravitational constant is likely a composite constant.
Category: Quantum Physics

[127] viXra:1809.0154 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-10 17:07:47

What is Mass?

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 1 Page.

mass from an unconventional but coherent view
Category: Classical Physics

[126] viXra:1809.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 19:05:09

The Solar Group Main Energy

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 17 Pages.

The main hypothesis "The Solar Group is created from one Energy, where this Energy creates the planet matter and his orbital distance, so the solar group can be similar to one body and each planet is considered as a member in this body. That means, the solar planets existence depends on their cooperation with each other". The solar Group energy is defined by the following Equation C2 = 90000 mkm = 86400 mkm +3600 mkm (c= light velocity = 300000 km/sec and c2 is the squared value) The previous Equation expresses the solar group main Energy This paper studies only this Equation to prove the main hypothesis
Category: Astrophysics

[125] viXra:1809.0145 [pdf] replaced on 2021-05-09 20:24:17

Mists Of Etymology

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 37 Pages.

The probable origin of the word etymology is discusse. Attached is a translation from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics

[124] viXra:1809.0144 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-09 11:14:33

“Then_the_Devil_took_Jesus_to_a_very_high_mountain…”

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 23 Pages. -

Temptation of Jesus and abduction of Ganymede
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[123] viXra:1809.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-08 03:22:11

Nanoparticle Supercrystals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Nanoparticle Supercrystals Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18]
Category: Condensed Matter

[122] viXra:1809.0142 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-15 11:42:31

Principle of Weightlessness

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 6 Pages. -

Physical principle of weightlessness (anti-gravity) based on classical theory of mechanics.
Category: Classical Physics

[121] viXra:1809.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-08 03:46:56

The Etymology of the Word Kagan Khan

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 7 Pages. -

Origin and Meaning of Russian medieval words.
Category: Linguistics

[120] viXra:1809.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-08 03:53:42

Coins, Penny, Ruble

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 9 Pages. -

Russian monetary terminology
Category: Linguistics

[119] viXra:1809.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-08 05:07:23

Solution of Goldbach's Conjecture

Authors: Ryujin Choe
Comments: 1 Page.

Solution of Goldbach's Conjecture
Category: Number Theory

[118] viXra:1809.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 05:35:51

Pierwsza Prędkość Kosmiczna a Siła Coriolisa ### The First Cosmic Velocity and The Coriolis Force

Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 4 Pages. In Polish

Pokazano, że wartość pierwszej prędkości kosmicznej satelity krążącego po orbicie kołowej w płaszczyźnie równikowej wirującej Ziemi jest mniejsza w kierunku wschodnim niż w kierunku zachodnim. Efekt ten spowodowany jest przez siły bezwładności – odśrodkową i Coriolisa. ### It was shown that the value of the first cosmic velocity of a satellite moving in a circular orbit in the equatorial plane of the rotating Earth is smaller in the easterly direction than in the westerly direction. This effect is caused by inertial forces – centrifugal and Coriolis.
Category: Classical Physics

[117] viXra:1809.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 05:39:57

The First Cosmic Velocity and The Coriolis Force

Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 4 Pages.

It was shown that the value of the first cosmic velocity of a satellite moving in a circular orbit in the equatorial plane of the rotating Earth is smaller in the easterly direction than in the westerly direction. This effect is caused by inertial forces – centrifugal and Coriolis.
Category: Classical Physics

[116] viXra:1809.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 06:57:56

Machine Learning Material Spectra

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Use of big data analysis techniques has been attracting attention in materials science applications, and researchers at The University of Tokyo Institute of Industrial Science realized that such techniques could be used to interpret much larger numbers of spectra than traditional approaches. [25] Researchers have mathematically proven that a powerful classical machine learning algorithm should work on quantum computers. [24] Researchers at Oregon State University have used deep learning to decipher which ribonucleic acids have the potential to encode proteins. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[115] viXra:1809.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 09:29:18

Quantum Entangled Pairs of Atoms

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Now scientists at MIT and Harvard University have for the first time studied this unique, theoretical lens from a quantum mechanical perspective, to see how individual atoms and photons may behave within the lens. [39] Unlike previous methods of quantum entanglement involving incoherent and thermal clouds of particles, in this experiment, the researchers used a cloud of atoms in the Bose-Einstein condensate state. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[114] viXra:1809.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 10:30:14

Anti-Information and Ghost Fields

Authors: John Peel
Comments: 25 Pages. I can be contacted at jpeel01@hotmail.com

Here the author attempts to give a unified picture of the multiverse and our universe in particular. The concept of AntiInformation is introduced and the existence of ghost fields, which are logical constructs is proposed. This unifies general relativity with quantum mechanics. This is a good read for physicists with an undergrad education. The paper is on Vixra while awaiting publication in a journal.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[113] viXra:1809.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 11:22:36

Nuclear Structure Theory Confirmed

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Physicists at the TU Darmstadt and their collaboration partners have performed laser spectroscopy on cadmium isotopes to confirm an improved model of the atomic nucleus. [28] Protons in neutron-rich nuclei have a higher average energy than previously thought, according to a new analysis of electron scattering data that was first collected in 2004. [27] Physics textbooks might have to be updated now that an international research team has found evidence of an unexpected transition in the structure of atomic nuclei. [26] The group led by Fabrizio Carbone at EPFL and international colleagues have used ultrafast transmission electron microscopy to take attosecond energy-momentum resolved snapshots (1 attosecond = 10-18 or quintillionths of a second) of a free-electron wave function. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been " squeezed " to a record low. [18] An elliptical light beam in a nonlinear optical medium pumped by " twisted light " can rotate like an electron around a magnetic field. [17]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[112] viXra:1809.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 11:48:21

Prime Numbers in Crystal

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

A new analysis by Princeton University researchers has uncovered patterns in primes that are similar to those found in the positions of atoms inside certain crystal-like materials. [21] Using computer simulations for the mineral lead telluride on the CSCS supercomputer Piz Daint, ETH researchers have resolved a long-standing controversy. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18] Thermal conductivity is one of the most crucial physical properties of matter when it comes to understanding heat transport, hydrodynamic evolution and energy balance in systems ranging from astrophysical objects to fusion plasmas. [17] Researchers from the Theory Department of the MPSD have realized the control of thermal and electrical currents in nanoscale devices by means of quantum local observations. [16] Physicists have proposed a new type of Maxwell's demon—the hypothetical agent that extracts work from a system by decreasing the system's entropy—in which the demon can extract work just by making a measurement, by taking advantage of quantum fluctuations and quantum superposition. [15] Pioneering research offers a fascinating view into the inner workings of the mind of 'Maxwell's Demon', a famous thought experiment in physics. [14] For more than a century and a half of physics, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that entropy always increases, has been as close to inviolable as any law we know. In this universe, chaos reigns supreme. [13] Physicists have shown that the three main types of engines (four-stroke, twostroke, and continuous) are thermodynamically equivalent in a certain quantum regime, but not at the classical level. [12] For the first time, physicists have performed an experiment confirming that thermodynamic processes are irreversible in a quantum system—meaning that, even on the quantum level, you can't put a broken egg back into its shell.
Category: Condensed Matter

[111] viXra:1809.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 12:04:03

Theory of Everything: First Ultimate Concept in Our Scientific Era: Scope, Implications for Relativity, Quantum Theory, and the Standard Model, and Theories of Origin of the Universe

Authors: Abed Peerally
Comments: 7 Pages. ORIGINAL PAPER ON THE THEORY OF EVERTHING

The Theory of Everything is not a kind of master concept meant to integrate relativity and quantum theory, or to formulate the Grand Unified Theory. Nor is it a concept about the merging the forces and/or particles in one unified theory. In fact, these kinds of unified concepts are not very profound and are far from being a Theory of Everything, capable of describing the ultimate nature of our universe and existence. This is because the universe is now, in the beginning of the 21st century, starting to reveal its scientific nature, but an awful lot remains to be seen, perhaps in the decades, centuries and millennia of the future. We are still at a very early phase of elucidating its fundamental nature. What we know about Einstein’s relativity and quantum theory is a fraction of what is potentially possible. The nature of forces, particles, mass, gravitation is still fragmentary, while space-time and consciousness are hardly beginning to be investigated systematically. These are profoundly complex and elusive phenomena, and that is why we need to be capable of formulating the first version of quite a fairly basic Theory of Everything, the best we are able to achieve in our present time, which is what the author’s second book will present in a fairly detailed treatment of the ultimate philosophical and scientific organisation of our realities of existence. There will wide scope for physicists, cosmologists and mathematicians to evolve new approaches and research projects to start expanding, as deeply as possible, our understanding of what we really are and how the universe was created. It is inevitable that a final Theory of Everything must integrate science and philosophy into a universal scheme capable of telling us practically everything about existence, and in so doing it would indicate how the universe and its realities originated. The whole approach must be, philosophically and scientifically, unbiased and very objective, to satisfy the criteria that dictate what good science is and to avoid the fictitious kind of pitfalls that seem to be of common occurrence in modern cosmology, which have prompted various eminent thinkers to talk about the end of Physics. The absolute Ultimate Theory of Everything is not an objective attainable in our period of existence, but could only be the result of a process across time, a natural development across the ages, and will be what it is at any time, except that it is continuously evolving, due to new scientific and 2 philosophical data and interpretations. It is a bit awkward, in our still premature scientific culture, to look for an appellation for what is clearly a very ambitious concept, one that is too elusive at a time when so little is known about the nature of our universe. For instance, calling a concept “The Theory of Everything” is unreasonable, for our present times are too unprepared for such an impossible mission. If we do use it, then it has to be understood, in any case, that what we call the Theory of Everything is something that is continuously evolving and we have absolutely no idea when our Planet will be satisfied it has in fact found the Ultimate Theory of Everything. For this reason, the author has to refer to his concept of everything as The First Theory of Everything, because strictly speaking, we have not had a scientific Theory of Everything that is really the one the scientific community would be expecting. The author is quite aware that the Standard Model, Einstein’s Laws of Relativity and Quantum Theory are still largely incomplete, and there is nothing we can do to have the comprehensive mastery of the nature of our universe, even in the next several centuries. Realities like matter, forces, particles, space, space-time, mass, gravity, micro and macro realities of the universe, the Higgs phenomenon, and particularly the existence and nature of consciousness, among other facets of our realities, will take centuries and millennia, to be fairly well explained. There is no doubt that there are complicated schemes of existence that will require an awful lot of new physics and mathematics before we are satisfied we can begin to really understand the origin and the ultimate nature of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[110] viXra:1809.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 12:55:08

Black Hole Disks Hiding

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

We now understand that massive stars and black holes typically segregate into a disk," said Ákos Szölgyén of Eötvös University, Hungary, who led the study that has been published in the journal Physical Review Letters. [21] Answering the question "How did galaxies form and evolve during the 13.8-billion-year history of the universe?" has been one top issue in modern astronomy. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think " the Big Bang " , except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[109] viXra:1809.0124 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-16 10:32:19

Word Pug Etymology

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 3 Pages. -

The probable etymology of the word PUG is considered
Category: Linguistics

[108] viXra:1809.0123 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-06 04:41:09

Vulture and Cobra. Origin of the Coat of Arms

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 37 Pages. -

The probable origin of the state emblems based on the symbols of ancient Egypt is considered.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[107] viXra:1809.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 01:51:52

Morfologo-Semantichesky Comparison

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 15 Pages. -

The etymology of the Russian words is considered
Category: Linguistics

[106] viXra:1809.0121 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-27 10:02:49

What Can "Initial" Names of the Volga River Mean?

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 10 Pages. -

A river in the perception of a folk tale. One of the plots of the folk tale is the escape of the heroine, a little girl, from the chasing negative character, Baba Yaga, sitting in some vehicle called a stupa (mortar), rushing after her with the rumble in the chase, falling from side to side.
Category: Linguistics

[105] viXra:1809.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 02:10:15

And for the Teachers a Toast to Your Success

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -

Russian etymology in the opinion of non-russian teachers
Category: Linguistics

[104] viXra:1809.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 02:50:05

Microscope Examines Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

A new system capable of probing microscopic environments inside cells has been installed at the University of Exeter's Bioimaging Centre. [37] "We put the optical microscope under a microscope to achieve accuracy near the atomic scale," said NIST's Samuel Stavis, who served as the project leader for these efforts. [36] Researchers have designed an interferometer that works with magnetic quasiparticles called magnons, rather than photons as in conventional interferometers. [35] A technique to manipulate electrons with light could bring quantum computing up to room temperature. [34] The USTC Microcavity Research Group in the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information has perfected a 4-port, all-optically controlled non-reciprocal multifunctional photonic device based on a magnetic-field-free optomechanical resonator. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

[103] viXra:1809.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 03:23:26

Terahertz Beams with Nanoparticle

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

This study shows the potential for engineered nanoparticles to magnetically control terahertz beams. [40] A new cancer therapy using nanoparticles to deliver a combination therapy direct to cancer cells could be on the horizon, thanks to research from the University of East Anglia. [39] Researchers have developed a new form of nanoparticle and associated imaging technique that can detect multiple disease biomarkers, including those for breast cancer, found in deep-tissue in the body. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31]
Category: Condensed Matter

[102] viXra:1809.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-07 05:12:50

Synthetic Protocell Communities

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Bristol have shown that resident artificial cells abandon their protocell hosts by displaying antagonistic behaviour on receiving a chemical signal. [38] A new system capable of probing microscopic environments inside cells has been installed at the University of Exeter's Bioimaging Centre. [37] "We put the optical microscope under a microscope to achieve accuracy near the atomic scale," said NIST's Samuel Stavis, who served as the project leader for these efforts. [36] Researchers have designed an interferometer that works with magnetic quasiparticles called magnons, rather than photons as in conventional interferometers. [35] A technique to manipulate electrons with light could bring quantum computing up to room temperature. [34] The USTC Microcavity Research Group in the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information has perfected a 4-port, all-optically controlled non-reciprocal multifunctional photonic device based on a magnetic-field-free optomechanical resonator. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28]
Category: Physics of Biology

[101] viXra:1809.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 12:45:12

Experiment for Reducing Entropy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Reduced entropy in a three-dimensional lattice of super-cooled, laser-trapped atoms could help speed progress toward creating quantum computers. [20] Under certain conditions, an atom can cause other atoms to emit a flash of light. At TU Wien (Vienna), this quantum effect has now been measured. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating—something that is impossible in classical physics. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11]
Category: Quantum Physics

[100] viXra:1809.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 13:22:20

Atomic Arrays for Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Paris-Saclay in France have used a laser-based technique to rearrange cold atoms one-by-one into fully ordered 3D patterns. [21] Reduced entropy in a three-dimensional lattice of super-cooled, laser-trapped atoms could help speed progress toward creating quantum computers. [20] Under certain conditions, an atom can cause other atoms to emit a flash of light. At TU Wien (Vienna), this quantum effect has now been measured. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating—something that is impossible in classical physics. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11]
Category: Quantum Physics

[99] viXra:1809.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 20:20:06

Significance of the Axial Doppler Shift Shown by Observing Items on a Conveyor Belt

Authors: Samuel Lewis Reich, Winston G. Perera
Comments: 10 Pages.

The following shows three reasons to consider the axial Doppler shift dilation or compression of time for the observer as opposed to just considering the transverse Doppler shift as that. At present most writing call only the transverse that. Because high energy beams are noisy for various reasons and it is impossible to make control experiments on objects light years away, the error remains. The following also shows the Doppler equations apply to motion of all periodic things (objects on conveyor belt or a beam of bullets not just waves). The three reasons are: One, the axial shift in only dependent on the geometry and velocities, which are relations between various time and space dimensions between the source and the observer. Two, the axial shift affects the rate of periodic things in a moving line are observed and rate (frequency) = 1/time. Three, there are no exceptions; the axial shift changes all rates observer sees from the source. The lack of an axial shift is the only error or inconsistency addressed by this paper. With the exception that this paper will prove that length of anything along any axis appears to a moving observer to be 1/K times as big as to a stationary observer. Where K is the resultant shift of frequency of both axil and transverse Doppler shift that light moving along that axis would have. Because frequency times wave length= c velocity if light (same in all reference planes) and wave length is distance. Most writers just assume only the moving direction changes.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[98] viXra:1809.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 20:34:49

Theory of Fermion Masses, Mixing Angles and Beta Decays Fitting Experimental Data

Authors: Jay R. Yablon
Comments: 121 Pages. In this draft, all twelve fermion masses are explained as a function of other parameters.

We require all components of the Kaluza-Klein metric tensor to be generally-covariant across all five dimensions by deconstructing the metric tensor into Dirac-type square root operators. This decouples the fifth dimension from the Kaluza-Klein scalar, makes this dimension timelike not spacelike, makes the metric tensor inverse non-singular, covariantly reveals the quantum fields of the photon, makes Kaluza-Klein fully compatible with Dirac theory, and roots this fifth dimension in the physical reality of the chiral, pseudo-scalar and pseudo-vector particles abundantly observed in particle physics based on Dirac’s gamma-5 operator, thereby “repairing” all of the most perplexing problem in Kaluza-Klein theory. Albeit with additional new dynamics expected, all the benefits of Kaluza-Klein theory are retained, insofar as providing a geometrodynamic foundation for Maxwell’s equations, the Lorentz Force motion and the Maxwell-Stress energy tensor, and insofar as supporting the viewpoint that the fifth dimension is, at bottom, the matter dimension. We find that the Kaluza-Klein scalar must be a massless, luminous field quantum to solve long-standing problems arising from a non-zero scalar field gradient. This luminous scalar is connected to the standard model Higgs field, then used to generate rest masses for fermions through spontaneous symmetry breaking, whereby all quark and lepton masses are directly reparameterized in terms of the CKM and PMNS mixing angles. A second leptonic Higgs boson is predicted along with its mass, and the masses of the three neutrinos are also predicted. Finally, we suggest multiple pathways for continued development.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[97] viXra:1809.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 23:01:30

Einstein and Ethere. Refutation of SRT

Authors: Henry Leonidovich Arutyunov
Comments: 2 Pages.

The constancy of the speed of light in Einstein's theory of relativity, testifies to the existence of an absolute frame of reference.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[96] viXra:1809.0111 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-09 11:37:42

"Water" and "Fire" Baptism

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 12 Pages. -

I baptize with WATER those who repent of their sins and turn to God. But someone is coming soon who is greater than I am. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with FIRE.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[95] viXra:1809.0110 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-27 09:18:37

"You Are Peter, and Upon This Rock..."

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 18 Pages. -

Gospel phrase causing contradictory interpretations is considered
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[94] viXra:1809.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 01:36:10

Thoughts on a New Year's Office Party

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -

The message on a trip to Oxford and the passing impressions including visit of Stonehenge.
Category: Archaeology

[93] viXra:1809.0108 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-14 14:37:55

Volga and Ganges. Etymological Issues

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 15 Pages. -

The probable origin and significance of the names of two key rivers in Russia and India are considered.
Category: Linguistics

[92] viXra:1809.0107 [pdf] replaced on 2019-09-30 12:29:45

Attempting to Define a Language

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 8 Pages. -

The concept of language is the initial problem of linguistics. An attempt to define what is a language was first presented as a preliminary, sort of suggestive question, "Is the language by definition or by nature?" The answer "by definition!" is almost obvious because of the need for learning and the multiplicity of languages. However, the next seemingly obvious step has not been taken so far - the recognition that language is a science, simply because language is taught. There are many sciences about language, but what is a language itself remains unknown.
Category: Linguistics

[91] viXra:1809.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 02:05:39

On Some Metaphysical Problems of Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 10 Pages. this article has been published in Scientific God Journal

Despite its enormous practical success, many physicists and philosophers alike agree that the quantum theory is full of contradictions and paradoxes which are difficult to solve consistently. Even after 90 years, the experts themselves still do not all agree what to make of it. The area of disagreement centers primarily around the problem of describing observations. Formally, the socalled quantum measurement problem can be defined as follows: the result of a measurement is a superposition of vectors, each representing the quantity being observed as having one of its possible values. The question that has to be answered is : how this superposition can be reconciled with the fact that in practice we only observe one value. How is the measuring instrument prodded into making up its mind which value it has observed? Among some alternatives to resolve the above QM measurement problem, a very counterintuitive one was suggested by Hugh Everett in his 1955 Princeton dissertation, which was subsequently called the Many-Worlds Interpretation of QM (MWI). In this paper, we will not discuss all possible scenarios to solve the measurement problem, but we will only shortly discuss Everett’s MWI, because it has led to heated debates on possibility of multiverses, beyond the Universe we live in. We also discuss two alternatives against MWI proposal: (a) the so-called scale symmetry theory, and (b) the Maxwell-Dirac isomorphism. In last section, we also discuss shortly MWI hypothesis from philosophical perspective.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[90] viXra:1809.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 02:07:47

Remark on Vacuum Fluctuation as the Cause of Universe Creation

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 18 Pages. This paper has been submitted for a book chapter. Comments are welcome

Questions regarding the formation of the Universe and what was there before the existence of Early Universe have been great interest to mankind of all times. In recent decades, the Big Bang as described by the Lambda CDM-Standard Model Cosmology has become widely accepted by majority of physics and cosmology communities. Among other things, we can cite A.A. Grib & Pavlov who pointed out some problems of heavy particles creation out of vacuum and also other proposal of Creatio ex nihilo theory (CET). But the philosophical problems remain, as Vaas pointed out: Did the universe have a beginning or does it exist forever, i.e. is it eternal at least in relation to the past? This fundamental question was a main topic in ancient philosophy of nature and the Middle Ages, and still has its revival in modern physical cosmology both in the controversy between the big bang and steady state models some decades ago and in the contemporary attempts to explain the big bang within a quantum cosmological (vacuum fluctuation) framework. In this paper we argue that Neutrosophic Logic offers a resolution to the long standing disputes between beginning and eternity of the Universe. In other words, in this respect we agree with Vaas, i.e. it can be shown: “how a conceptual and perhaps physical solution of the temporal aspect of Immanuel Kant’s „first antinomy of pure reason“ is possible, i.e. how our universe in some respect could have both a beginning and an eternal existence. Therefore, paradoxically, there might have been a time before time or a beginning of time in time.” By the help of computational simulation, we also show how a model of early Universe with rotation can fit this new picture. Further observations are recommended.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[89] viXra:1809.0104 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 02:09:55

Remark on Lehnert's Revised Quantum Electrodynamics (Rqed) as an Alternative to Francesco Celani's et Al's Maxwell-Clifford Equations: with an Outline of Chiral Cosmology Model and Its Role to CMNS

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache, Yunita Umniyati
Comments: 15 Pages. This paper has been submitted to a journal (JCMNS). Comments are welcome

In a recent paper published in JCMNS 2017, Francesco Celani, Di Tommaso & Vassalo argued that Maxwell equations rewritten in Clifford algebra are sufficient to describe electron and also ultradense deuterium reaction process as proposed by Homlid et al. Apparently, Celani et al. believed that their Maxwell-Clifford equations are quite excellent candidate to surpass both Classical Electromagnetic and Zitterbewegung QM. Meanwhile, in a series of papers, Bo Lehnert proposed a novel and revised version of Quantum Electrodynamics (RQED) based on Proca equations. Therefore, in this paper, we gave an outline of Lehnert’s RQED, as an alternative framework to Celani et al’s Zitterbewegung-Classical EM.. Moreover, in a rather old paper, Mario Liu described a hydrodynamic Maxwell equations. While he also discussed potential implications of these new approaches to superconductors, such a discussion of electrodynamics of superconductors is made only after Tajmar’s paper. Therefore, in this paper we present for the first time a derivation of fluidic Maxwell-Proca equations. The name of fluidic Maxwell-Proca is proposed because the equations were based on modifying MaxwellProca and Hirsch’s theory of electrodynamics of superconductor. It is hoped that this paper may stimulate further investigations and experiments in superconductor. It may be expected to have some impact to cosmology modeling too, for instance we consider a hypothetical argument that photon mass can be origin of gravitation. Then, after combining with the so-called chiral modification of Maxwell equations (after Spröessig), then we consider chiral Maxwell-Proca equations as possible alternative of gravitation theory. Such a hypothesis has never considered in literature to the best of our knowledge. In the last section, we discuss plausible role of chiral Maxwell-Proca (RQED) in CMNS process. It is hoped that this paper may stimulate further investigations and experiments in particular for finding physics of LENR and UDD reaction from classical electromagnetics
Category: Condensed Matter

[88] viXra:1809.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 02:12:45

Wireless Internet Security and How to Solve Collective Action Problem (Or the Social Innovation Way to Solve Collective Action Problem)

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 8 Pages. This paper has been submitted to a book chapter. Comments are welcome

In this paper, we tried to draw a fair assessment on things which will take place soon with the coming era of IoT, 5G technology, global eavesdropping and all that. Nonetheless, we are aware that this article sounds quite gloomy. We are not techno-utopians (read Evgeny Morozov’s WSJ article on digital dictatorship1), but we are not techno-pessimists either. Perhaps you can consider us as: "techno-realists."2 This paper was written in the same spirit of Jonathan L. Zittrain’s book The Future of Internet and how to stop it.
Category: Economics and Finance

[87] viXra:1809.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 02:37:31

Teleport a Quantum Gate

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Yale University researchers have demonstrated one of the key steps in building the architecture for modular quantum computers: the "teleportation" of a quantum gate between two qubits, on demand. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[86] viXra:1809.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-06 03:14:06

Machine Learning Predicts Metabolism

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

Machine learning algorithms that can predict yeast metabolism from its protein content have been developed by scientists at the Francis Crick Institute. [21] Marculescu, along with ECE Ph.D. student Chieh Lo, has developed a machine learning algorithm—called MPLasso—that uses data to infer associations and interactions between microbes in the GI microbiome. [20] A team of researchers from the University of Muenster in Germany has now demonstrated that this combination is extremely well suited to planning chemical syntheses—so-called retrosyntheses—with unprecedented efficiency. [19] Two physicists at ETH Zurich and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have developed a novel machine-learning algorithm that analyses large data sets describing a physical system and extract from them the essential information needed to understand the underlying physics. [18] have come up with a novel machine learning method that enables scientists to derive insights from systems of previously intractable complexity in record time. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15] Who is the better experimentalist, a human or a robot? When it comes to exploring synthetic and crystallization conditions for inorganic gigantic molecules, actively learning machines are clearly ahead, as demonstrated by British Scientists in an experiment with polyoxometalates published in the journal Angewandte Chemie. [14] Machine learning algorithms are designed to improve as they encounter more data, making them a versatile technology for understanding large sets of photos such as those accessible from Google Images. Elizabeth Holm, professor of materials science and engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, is leveraging this technology to better understand the enormous number of research images accumulated in the field of materials science. [13]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[85] viXra:1809.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 05:38:05

Ashvini: Emergence, Life and Civilization

Authors: Sai Venkatesh Balasubramanian
Comments: 9 Pages.

Conway's Game of Life is extended to include Sense and Information - and emerging from this, is civilization.
Category: Physics of Biology

[84] viXra:1809.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 05:51:04

The Elementary Particles Contain Dark Matter

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 195 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

“The elementary particles contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “The photons contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “I unified Electromagnetism and Gravity with Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ” Adrian Ferent Where: h – is the Planck constant a – is the Ferent constant In this equation the Dark Matter term is a × f , this means the photons contain Dark Matter. “The photons contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent Because of mass-energy equivalence, the rest energy of a particle it is E = mc2, and because the photons contains Dark Matter this imply that all the particles contain Dark Matter. Because all the elementary particles have Gravitational Field, this means all of them have a Dark Matter component in their equations, this means all the elementary particles contain Dark Matter. “The elementary particles contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Black holes are Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent Physicists today plagiarize my Gravitation theory, all of theom say: ‘Black holes are Dark matter’, stolen from my Gravitation theory. The Physicists do not know what is Dark Matter, but they know that ‘Black holes are Dark matter’; it is amazing how far can go the plagiarism today! This equation unify Matter with Dark Matter! 101. I am the first who discovered that all the elementary particles contain Dark Matter 102. I am the first who unified Matter with Dark Matter
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[83] viXra:1809.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 06:13:59

Terahertz Single-Molecule Regime

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

This could open up the wider use of THz spectroscopy, an underdeveloped method that is complementary to visible-light and X-ray spectroscopy, and highly relevant to nanoelectronics and quantum computing. [40] A team of physicists from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Stanford University and Europe has captured the clearest glimpse yet of a photochemical reaction—the type of light-fueled molecular transformations responsible for photosynthesis, vision and the ozone layer. [39] Researchers at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have recorded the most detailed atomic movie of gold melting after being blasted by laser light. [38] A team at TU Wien now has the proof behind the speculations that water molecules can form complex bridge-like structures when they accumulate on mineral surfaces. [37] Liquid water sustains life on earth, but its physical properties remain mysterious among scientific researchers. [36] Researchers from the University of Houston and the California Institute of Technology have reported an inexpensive hybrid catalyst capable of splitting water to produce hydrogen, suitable for large-scale commercialization. [35] Scientists at the University of Alberta have applied a machine learning technique using artificial intelligence to perfect and automate atomic-scale manufacturing, something which has never been done before. [34] Chemist Dr. Lars Borchardt and his team at TU Dresden recently achieved a huge breakthrough in the synthesis of nanographenes. [33] Using graphene as a light-sensitive material for light detectors offers significant improvements with respect to materials being used nowadays. [32] The precision of measuring nanoscopic structures could be substantially improved, thanks to research involving the University of Warwick and QuantIC researchers at the University of Glasgow and Heriot Watt University into optical sensing. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[82] viXra:1809.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 06:52:15

Electron Anti-Neutrinos in Supernova

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

An international team of researchers has proposed a new method to investigate the inner workings of supernovae explosions. [38] The researchers used distant quasars, one of which emitted its light 7.8 billion years ago and the other 12.2 billion years ago, to determine the measurements to be made on pairs of entangled photons. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28]
Category: Astrophysics

[81] viXra:1809.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 11:26:01

“Rydberg Polarons, Instanton Tunnel Effect and Graphene Spatial Conformation Like the Quantum Mirror Reflex of Walter Christaller Hexagonal Localization by the Central Place Theory and Pseudohexagonal Biotite of Granodiorite Type Brno KRÁLOVO POLE“

Authors: Imrich Krištof
Comments: 15 Pages.

I report a spectroscopic observation of Rydberg polarons in an atomic Bose gas. Polarons are created by excitation of Rydberg atoms as impurities in a strontium Bose–Einstein condensate. First experiments are described on the impact of additive noise on the ionization of Rb Rydberg atoms in microwave fields. Dynamical localization and its gradual destruction by noise are observed. The atoms surviving in Rydberg states are detected by ionization in a static electric field. First, we count the number of atoms initially laser excited to Rydberg states. The ionization signal includes atoms excited to the continuum as well as atoms which are excited to principal quantum numbers higher than ne. Instanton tunnel effect is theoretically based on pseudoparticle Instanton, known like a classical solution of kinematic equations in classical theory of fields in Eucleides Spacetime. Typically events of quantum mechanics is condition of a quantum interference. Graphene is the most favourite material model with simply hexagonal structure and simply chemical composition, it’s the clear mono–layer of hexagonal polygons of carboneum with kovalent bonds and electron–electron gas. The Walter Christaller’s Theory of Central Places (hexagonal settlements structure) is the most illustrative sight to express the graphene chemical bond structure in macro–dimensions. It’s possibly to say that graphene has a structure of microcosmos, and Christaller’s Theory of Central Places is a mirror reflex of this microcosmos to extradimensional MACROCOSMOS (STRUCTURE OF HUMAN CONURBATION, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES AND THEIR CONNECTIONS LIKE A NANO–CHEMICAL KOVALENT BONDS OF CARBONEUM / GRAPHENE). In the ending part of this text, the Author dedicated attention to a mafic silicar mineral biotite with its typical hexagonal space–structure like a space–point super density of hexagonal layers of this rock–forming mineral.
Category: Condensed Matter

[80] viXra:1809.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 12:38:30

Quantum Computing Gate

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[79] viXra:1809.0090 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 13:14:11

Gravitational Wave Detector Tricks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 20 Pages.

A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[78] viXra:1809.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 13:34:07

Planck's Law at Very Small Scale

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating—something that is impossible in classical physics. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11] Some three-dimensional materials can exhibit exotic properties that only exist in "lower" dimensions. For example, in one-dimensional chains of atoms that emerge within a bulk sample, electrons can separate into three distinct entities, each carrying information about just one aspect of the electron's identity—spin, charge, or orbit. The spinon, the entity that carries information about electron spin, has been known to control magnetism in certain insulating materials whose electron spins can point in any direction and easily flip direction. Now, a new study just published in Science reveals that spinons are also present in a metallic material in which the orbital movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus is the driving force behind the material's strong magnetism. [10] Currently studying entanglement in condensed matter systems is of great interest. This interest stems from the fact that some behaviors of such systems can only be explained with the aid of entanglement. [9] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the University of Cambridge in the UK have demonstrated that it is possible to directly generate an electric current in a magnetic material by rotating its magnetization. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[77] viXra:1809.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 13:57:14

Smooth Unique Periodic Solutions in the Absence of External Force for Navier_stokes Three Dimensional Equation

Authors: Biruk Alemayehu Petros
Comments: 3 Pages. millenium prize problem counter example.

Abstract Due to the existence of huge number of different information on Navier_Stokes equation on internet, introduction and method used to come to the following solution is less important than the solution its self. As a result the paper shows the periodic solution for Navier_Stokes equations. All conditions for physically reasonable solution as posted by clay mathematics institute is fulfilled. The following solution is counter example for existence of smooth unique periodic solution.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[76] viXra:1809.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 14:14:10

Względność Ruchu

Authors: Dariusz Dudało
Comments: 1 Page.

Względność ruchu
Category: Classical Physics

[75] viXra:1809.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 16:35:05

An Identity for Horadam Sequences

Authors: Kunle Adegoke
Comments: 7 pages, no figures

We derive an identity connecting any two Horadam sequences having the same recurrence relation but whose initial terms may be different. Binomial and ordinary summation identities arising from the identity are developed.
Category: Number Theory

[74] viXra:1809.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 17:51:54

CLTG Emergent and Fission Classifications of Multi-Object Systems for Morphological Taxonomy Part II

Authors: Tarzan Graystone
Comments: 59 Pages. Comment by viXra Admin: Subject to removal if the name of the author is not real name

Part I of Emergent Theory elaborated many object family types and our naming shortcuts. This group was too large to include as one publication. As outlined in Part I of this series there are many types of paired- and multi-object systems which exemplify emergent and fission systems. This report describes the “cutout” families of objects. Along with this collection we include a data-driven method of classification members of the family. We also created an ad hoc description of our ‘cutout’ pattern formed by paired family objects.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[73] viXra:1809.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 19:04:25

Elementary Particles, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Cosmology, and Galaxy Evolution

Authors: Thomas J. Buckholtz
Comments: 26 Pages.

We suggest united models and specific predictions regarding elementary particles, dark matter, dark energy, aspects of the cosmology timeline, and aspects of galaxy evolution. Results include specific predictions for new elementary particles and specific descriptions of dark matter and dark energy. Some modeling matches known elementary particles and extrapolates to predict other elementary particles, including bases for dark matter. Some models complement traditional quantum field theory. Some modeling features Hamiltonian mathematics and originally de-emphasizes motion. We incorporate results from traditional motion-centric and action-based Lagrangian math into our Hamiltonian-centric framework. Our modeling framework features mathematics for isotropic quantum harmonic oscillators.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[72] viXra:1809.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-04 23:51:37

On the Fundamental Constants

Authors: Steve P Smith
Comments: 4 Pages.

It is assumed by modern physics that there exists no theory which can predict the values of the fundamental physical constants. This assumption however is incorrect as there is undoubtedly an underlying connection between the constants being that of angular momentum. In particular the angular momentum of the electron in the hydrogen atom which appears to obey the laws of Kepler. It may be considered that the model of hydrogen as suggested by Bohr, is not an accurate representation however it would appear that the origin of many of the constants appear to rely upon the orbital model. This paper will illustrate this connection and correctly predicts all of the values of the physical constants with accuracy, equal to or greater than that of the currently accepted and published values . As a consequence of this the orbital model of Bohr should be considered in a new light.
Category: Classical Physics

[71] viXra:1809.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 01:30:56

Recent Findings into the End of the Hwan-Suomi Hyperwar

Authors: Y.S. Cham
Comments: 18 Pages.

This paper first briefly outlines and establishes the methods of obtaining rational historical truth untainted by empirical bias based on Hegel’s dialectics and notions of the state, identifying the source of revelational truth validity and memory-awakening that are the primary sources for the Hwan-Suomi(Finno-Korean) Hyperwar, and then proceeds to summarize existing theories and research so far on the source and the end of the Hyperwar by the Hyper-Academic community. The three main models analyzed are the Hwan-Autism-Pyramids Theory, the Suomi-Memes-Autism Theory, and the Hwan-Autism-Suomi-Pyramids Theory. This paper establishes the flawed nature of all three theories and proposes an alternative – the Hwan-Pyramids-Suomi-Nexus theory – that satisfactorily explain both the existing evidence and new information acquired from sources of revelation and memory-awakening, and shatters the pro-Finnish bias of existing hyperwar research.
Category: Archaeology

[70] viXra:1809.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 02:41:51

Etymology of the Word "Ofonaret"

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -

The origin of the word "ofonaret" and the related expressions – "to go nuts", "to a bulb", "to a lamp".
Category: Linguistics

[69] viXra:1809.0079 [pdf] replaced on 2021-05-01 20:15:36

Origin of the word SMERD

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 18 Pages.

The origin of the Russian word SMERD is considered. Attached is a translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics

[68] viXra:1809.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 02:52:21

The Test for Check of Physical Understanding

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

Article of the prof. F.M.Kanarev "Small dedebilny gift to school students and students" of http://sciteclibrary.ru/rus/catalog/pages/12882.html is considered in quality of dough for check of physical understanding.
Category: Classical Physics

[67] viXra:1809.0077 [pdf] replaced on 2021-06-18 18:20:50

To Attack! Ura!

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 5 Pages.

The probable etymology of expressions used in the title is considered
Category: Linguistics

[66] viXra:1809.0076 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-10 10:43:46

Possible and Impossible in Physics. Hypotheses and Laws

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 13 Pages. -

Commentary to F.M.Kanaryov's article "How planets of the solar system were born" (http://sciteclibrary.ru/rus/catalog/pages/10112.html), which put forward a hypothesis of formation of the solar system caused by a close pass of the "small star", destroyed by solar gravity in several stages.
Category: Classical Physics

[65] viXra:1809.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 03:01:53

Superradiance Quantum Effect

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

Under certain conditions, an atom can cause other atoms to emit a flash of light. At TU Wien (Vienna), this quantum effect has now been measured. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating—something that is impossible in classical physics. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[64] viXra:1809.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 03:33:09

Electron Pulses for Material Studies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Konstanz physicist Professor Peter Baum and his team have succeeded in spatially and temporally directing and controlling ultrashort electron pulses directly by using the light cycles of laser light instead of microwaves. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Condensed Matter

[63] viXra:1809.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 03:56:38

One-Dimensional Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

Rice University atomic physicists have verified a key prediction from a 55-year-old theory about one-dimensional electronics that is increasingly relevant thanks to Silicon Valley's inexorable quest for miniaturization. [15] Konstanz physicist Professor Peter Baum and his team have succeeded in spatially and temporally directing and controlling ultrashort electron pulses directly by using the light cycles of laser light instead of microwaves. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[62] viXra:1809.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 04:49:28

Human Eye Seeing Ghosted Images

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

A team of researchers in the U.K. has found that the human eye and brain are together capable of seeing "ghosted" images. [23] The first human has been scanned with a revolutionary 3D colour medical scanner developed by father and son scientists in New Zealand. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13]
Category: Mind Science

[61] viXra:1809.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 06:38:00

Microbial Population Dynamics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have produced the most precise picture to date of population dynamics in fluctuating feast-or-famine conditions. [21] For planetary protection, this indicates that more stringent cleaning steps may be needed for missions focused on life detection and highlights the potential need to use differing and rotating cleaning reagents that are compatible with the spacecraft to control the biological burden. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[60] viXra:1809.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 07:47:16

A Note on Rank Constrained Solutions to Linear Matrix Equations

Authors: Shravan Mohan
Comments: 10 Pages.

This preliminary note presents a heuristic for determining rank constrained solutions to linear matrix equations (LME). The method proposed here is based on minimizing a non- convex quadratic functional, which will hence-forth be termed as the Low-Rank-Functional (LRF). Although this method lacks a formal proof/comprehensive analysis, for example in terms of a probabilistic guarantee for converging to a solution, the proposed idea is intuitive and has been seen to perform well in simulations. To that end, many numerical examples are provided to corroborate the idea.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[59] viXra:1809.0069 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-24 05:13:22

Quasi-Exactly Solvable PT-Symmetric Sextic Oscillators Resulting from Real Quotient Polynomials

Authors: Spiros Konstantogiannis
Comments: 15 Pages. Published on the Journal for Foundations and Applications of Physics, vol. 6, No. 1 (2019), pp. 55-68

We present a method of constructing PT-symmetric sextic oscillators using quotient polynomials and show that the reality of the energy spectrum of the oscillators is directly related to the PT symmetry of the respective quotient polynomials. We then apply the method to derive sextic oscillators from real quotient polynomials and demonstrate that the set of resulting oscillators comprises a quasi-exactly solvable system that contains the real, quasi-exactly solvable sextic oscillator. In this framework, the classification of the PT-symmetric sextic oscillators on the basis of whether they result from real or complex quotient polynomials is a natural consequence.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[58] viXra:1809.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-05 10:34:06

Quantum Mechanics and the ``emission & Regeneration'' Unified Field Theory.

Authors: Osvaldo Domann
Comments: 58 Pages. Copyright. All rights reserved. The content of the present work, its ideas, axioms, postulates, definitions, derivations, results, findings, etc., can be reproduced only by making clear reference to the author.

The origin of the limitations of our standard theoretical model is the assumption that the energy of a particle is concentrated at a small volume in space. The limitations are bridged by introducing artificial objects and constructions like particles wave, gluons, strong force, weak force, gravitons, dark matter, dark energy, etc. The proposed approach models subatomic particles such as electrons and positrons as focal points in space where continuously fundamental particles are emitted and absorbed, fundamental particles where the energy of the electron or positron is stored as rotations defining longitudinal and transversal angular momenta (fields). Interaction laws between angular momenta of fundamental particles are postulated in that way, that the basic laws of physics (Coulomb, Ampere, Lorentz, Maxwell, Gravitation, etc.) can be derived from the postulates. This methodology makes sure, that the approach is in accordance with the basic laws of physics, in other words, with well proven experimental data. Due to the dynamical description of the particles the proposed approach has not the limitations of the standard model and is not forced to introduce artificial concepts or constructions. All forces are the product of interactions between angular momenta of fundamental particles (electromagnetic interactions) described by QED. Interactions like QCD and Gauge/Gravity Duality are simply the product of the insufficiencies of the SM and not required.
Category: Classical Physics

[57] viXra:1809.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 10:54:15

On the Harmonic Compression of Light Wave

Authors: Tejas Chandrakant Thakare
Comments: 3 Pages. Please feel free to comment/ discuss on this study.

In this paper, by taking consideration of some assumptions, the mechanism behind dual nature of light is proposed. After great wave-particle struggle physics is now reached to the fact that, light shows dual nature and in order to give possible reason behind dual nature of light I have taken little bit help from the classical mechanics. During explanation of the mechanism behind dual nature of light I have also discussed about the photoelectric effect and double slit experiment.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[56] viXra:1809.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 11:00:41

Nanosponges for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed neutrophil "nanosponges" that can safely absorb and neutralize a variety of proteins that play a role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. [26] An international team of researchers has determined the function of a new family of proteins associated with cancer and autism. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society (CNS), cognitive neuroscientists increasingly are using those emerging artificial networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

[55] viXra:1809.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 11:37:23

Brighter Nanodiamonds

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Brighter Nanodiamonds Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) impurities in nanodiamonds could be used as single-photon sources in quantum technologies, such as quantum computers and quantum sensors, thanks to their unique optical and electronic properties. [28] The reliable storage and coherent manipulation of quantum states with matter-systems enable the construction of large-scale quantum networks based on a quantum repeater. [27] A UNSW study published this week resolves key challenges in creation of hole-based artificial atoms, with excellent potential for more-stable, faster, more scalable quantum computing. [26] Scientists at Tsinghua University and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, have demonstrated the ability to control the states of matter, thus controlling internal resistance, within multilayered, magnetically doped semiconductors using the quantum anomalous Hall effect. [25] A kiwi physicist has discovered the energy difference between two quantum states in the helium atom with unprecedented accuracy, a groundbreaking discovery that contributes to our understanding of the universe and space-time and rivals the work of the world's most expensive physics project, the Large Hadron Collider. [24] Physicists and material scientists have succeeded in constructing a motor and an energy storage device from one single component. [23] Heat pipes are devices to keep critical equipment from overheating. They transfer heat from one point to another through an evaporation-condensation process and are used in everything from cell phones and laptops to air conditioners and spacecraft. [22] Now, researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have developed an algorithm that can discover and optimize these materials in a matter of months, relying on solving quantum mechanical equations, without any experimental input. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[54] viXra:1809.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 12:03:24

Nano-Electrode Detect Early Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Dispersible electrodes based on gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles modified with DNA can detect microRNA in unprocessed blood samples at extremely low concentrations and over a broad range – a first for sensors of this kind. [27] Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed neutrophil "nanosponges" that can safely absorb and neutralize a variety of proteins that play a role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. [26] An international team of researchers has determined the function of a new family of proteins associated with cancer and autism. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[53] viXra:1809.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 13:36:10

Physically Consistent Probability Density in Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics

Authors: Andrey Gomes Martins, R.V. Lobato, G.A. Carvalho, A.P.N. Cronemberger
Comments: 5 Pages.

We formulate and solve the problem of boundary values in non-relativistic quantum mechanics in non-commutative boundary spaces-times. The formalism developed can be useful to the formulation of the boundary value problem in in Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics
Category: Mathematical Physics

[52] viXra:1809.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 15:11:34

Elementary Fermat Pereyra Theorem

Authors: Pablo Hernan Pereyra
Comments: 5 Pages. 2009 Copyright

This paper aims to present an elementary demonstration of the Fermat-Wiles theorem, also known as Fermat's Last Theorem, using a different equivalent statement and a parameterization method.
Category: Number Theory

[51] viXra:1809.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 20:40:44

A Proof of Benfords Law in Geometric Series

Authors: Jeozadaque Marcos
Comments: 4 pages

We show in this paper another proof of Benford’s Law. The idea starts with the problem of to find the first digit of a power. Then we deduced a function to calculate the first digit of any power a j called L f function. The theorem 1.2 its a consequence of the periodicity of the $L_f$ function.
Category: Number Theory

[50] viXra:1809.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 22:02:09

Implications of Fractal and Renormalization Concepts Extended for Unification and Decoherence Theories.

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 3 Pages.

Recent articles summarizing recent research noting the proclivity of renormalization techniques to solve self-organized criticality and deep learning could intimate that the challenges with the unification of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity, and with finding a formal solution for quantum decoherence, could be chimeras if the human observed nature of reality itself are actually renormalizations of an infinite fractal space-time that is intractable with current techniques.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[49] viXra:1809.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 23:19:11

Eye of Omniscience. Symbolics of the Egyptian Pyramids

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 21 Pages. -

The perception of Great Egyptian pyramids during an era of the Middle Ages and its reflection in Christian images is considered.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[48] viXra:1809.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 23:24:57

Axiom of Unity of Space-Matter-Time of the Prof. F.M. Kanaryov

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -

Attempt of the comment
Category: Classical Physics

[47] viXra:1809.0055 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-11 06:35:55

Law of Universal Gravitation at Zero Distance

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 7 Pages. -

The issue of zero distance in the law of universal gravitation is considered. Law of universal gravitation is not valid for any distances between bodies, but only for distances exceeding own sizes of interacting bodies. Therefore, its "universality", which is present in the name itself and implies generality, i.e. feasibility for any distance between bodies, including zero, is not actually achieved, but only postulated.
Category: Classical Physics

[46] viXra:1809.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 23:54:40

Inertial Reference System

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -

Physical definition of an inertial reference system for any pair of interacting bodies is given. The place zero of them is established. This position the only thing calculated on the found formulas
Category: Classical Physics

[45] viXra:1809.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 23:58:34

Work and Energy – Scalars or Vectors?

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -

The physical sense of the concept "vector" and its applicability or inapplicability to physical concepts is considered.
Category: Classical Physics

[44] viXra:1809.0052 [pdf] replaced on 2018-09-27 21:31:04

Gravitational Periodicity from Special Relativity

Authors: Jack Bidnik
Comments: 7 Pages.

Abstract © US 2015 Gravitational Periodicity from Special Relativity by Jack Bidnik This is my derivation of the sinusoidal variation of planetary orbits by means of relativistic relative momentum of two masses. It may be considered Chapter 3 of my paper Gravitational Forces Revisited (GFR),  http://vixra.org/abs/1707.0128 where I derived a force, Fm, which I analogized to Newton's force of gravity by the equation Fm = Gs Mm /r^2, where Gs is a velocity dependent variable. Here I derive the same force, but I use a separate method to show that it is the force of gravity. This chapter can be seen as a completely independent, stand alone, method of deriving gravity from Special Relativity, and that Fm is both a necessary and a sufficient condition for the gravitational force.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[43] viXra:1809.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 09:59:33

Mass Produced Molecular Junctions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

This novel technology could be used to produce molecular junctions in a scalable fashion – allowing millions of them to be manufactured in parallel. [25] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have successfully generated controlled electron pulses in the attosecond range. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23] A team of researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Science and Technology of China has developed a chip that allows for two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons on a physical device. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21] Probabilistic computing will allow future systems to comprehend and compute with uncertainties inherent in natural data, which will enable us to build computers capable of understanding, predicting and decision-making. [20] For years, the people developing artificial intelligence drew inspiration from what was known about the human brain, and it has enjoyed a lot of success as a result. Now, AI is starting to return the favor. [19] Scientists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have pioneered the use of GPU-accelerated deep learning for rapid detection and characterization of gravitational waves. [18] Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed a mathematical model for the emergence of innovations. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

[42] viXra:1809.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 10:40:32

The 2n-2 Lines Proof of the n x n Points Puzzle

Authors: Marco Ripà
Comments: 9 Pages.

This paper offers the first proof that the minimal solution of the n x n dots puzzle, for any n≥3, counts 2n-2 lines. Furthermore, a general criterion to solve any n x n grid is given.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[41] viXra:1809.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 10:55:42

Life Requires Earth Clone

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

The conditions for life surviving on planets entirely covered in water are more fluid than previously thought, opening up the possibility that water worlds could be habitable, according to a new paper from the University of Chicago and Pennsylvania State University. [12] Scientists at Rutgers University–New Brunswick and elsewhere are at a crossroads in their 50-year quest to go beyond the Standard Model in physics. [11] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. New ideas for interactions and particles: This paper examines also the possibility to origin the Spontaneously Broken Symmetries from the Planck Distribution Law. This way we get a Unification of the Strong, Electromagnetic, and Weak Interactions from the interference occurrences of oscillators. Understanding that the relativistic mass change is the result of the magnetic induction we arrive to the conclusion that the Gravitational Force is also based on the electromagnetic forces, getting a Unified Relativistic Quantum Theory of all 4 Interactions.
Category: Astrophysics

[40] viXra:1809.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 12:35:55

Proteins Existed when Life Began

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

How did life arise on Earth? Rutgers researchers have found among the first and perhaps only hard evidence that simple protein catalysts—essential for cells, the building blocks of life, to function—may have existed when life began. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13]
Category: Physics of Biology

[39] viXra:1809.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 13:08:14

Autocannibalistic Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory induced a two-dimensional material to cannibalize itself for atomic "building blocks" from which stable structures formed. [26] This novel technology could be used to produce molecular junctions in a scalable fashion – allowing millions of them to be manufactured in parallel. [25] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have successfully generated controlled electron pulses in the attosecond range. [24]
Category: Condensed Matter

[38] viXra:1809.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 13:27:57

Earth's Oxygen Increased Gradual

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

A carbon cycle anomaly discovered in carbonate rocks of the Neoproterozoic Hüttenberg Formation of northeastern Namibia follows a pattern similar to that found right after the Great Oxygenation Event, hinting at new evidence for how Earth's atmosphere became fully oxygenated. [13] The conditions for life surviving on planets entirely covered in water are more fluid than previously thought, opening up the possibility that water worlds could be habitable, according to a new paper from the University of Chicago and Pennsylvania State University. [12] Scientists at Rutgers University–New Brunswick and elsewhere are at a crossroads in their 50-year quest to go beyond the Standard Model in physics. [11] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. New ideas for interactions and particles: This paper examines also the possibility to origin the Spontaneously Broken Symmetries from the Planck Distribution Law. This way we get a Unification of the Strong, Electromagnetic, and Weak Interactions from the interference occurrences of oscillators. Understanding that the relativistic mass change is the result of the magnetic induction we arrive to the conclusion that the Gravitational Force is also based on the electromagnetic forces, getting a Unified Relativistic Quantum Theory of all 4 Interactions.
Category: Astrophysics

[37] viXra:1809.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 17:36:12

Stochastic Spline Functions with Unequal Time Steps

Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 13 Pages.

A piece-wise quadratic spline is introduced as a time series coming with unequal time steps, and where the second derivative of the spline at the junction points is impacted by random Brownian motion. A measurement error is also introduced, and this changes the spline into semi-parametric regression. This makes a total of two dispersion parameters to be estimated by a proposed REML analysis that unitizes the K-matrix. The spline itself only has three location effects that are treated as fixed, and must be estimated. A proposed prediction of a future observation beyond the spline’s end point is presented, coming with a prediction error variance.
Category: Statistics

[36] viXra:1809.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 18:43:44

Jupiter Uranus Distance (Metonic Cycle Reason) (revised)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 45 Pages.

1- Metonic Cycle is Energy sent from Uranus to the moon 2- Pluto also effects on Metonic Cycle 3-There's a relationship between Earth and the Moon at one side and Pluto at the other side 4- There's a relationship between Jupiter and Uranus at one side and Pluto at the other side 5- There's a relationship between Mercury and Pluto. The previous relationships are found because The solar group is one body (or one machine), and the solar planets are members in this body, and as the body blood connects all remembers. similar to that, the solar group is created from one energy, and this one energy creates the planet matter and orbital distance and connects all planets together in one system, which makes the solar group as one body (or one Energy trajectory).
Category: Astrophysics

[35] viXra:1809.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 00:05:41

Geographical Designations by Parts of Day

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 12 Pages. -

Medieval geographical designations are considered by parts of day. The name and coordinates of shumer is explained.
Category: Linguistics

[34] viXra:1809.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 00:12:34

Some Historical Names

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 10 Pages. -

The assumption of a possible origin of some names is made.
Category: Linguistics

[33] viXra:1809.0039 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-06 04:57:26

Causes of River Channel Curvature

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 16 Pages. -

Baer's law and Einstein's tea leaf paradox are considered.
Category: Classical Physics

[32] viXra:1809.0038 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-12 14:03:58

Proportions of the Great Sphinx

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 14 Pages. -

Possible explanation for the proportions of the body of the Great Sphinx is proposed
Category: Archaeology

[31] viXra:1809.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 00:37:20

Inscriptions on Hefren's Pyramid

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 12 Pages. -

Partially remained remains of inscriptions on Hefren's pyramid are revealed. These inscriptions – the CHRISTIAN, completely confirming assumptions Nova Hronologii Fomenko-Nosovskogo.
Category: Archaeology

[30] viXra:1809.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 00:59:19

The Complete Solution for Existence and Smoothness of Navier-Stokes Equation

Authors: Mihir Kumar Jha
Comments: 7 Pages.

The motive of this paper is to put forward a general solution to Navier-stokes equation which describes the motion of viscous fluid substances, derived by applying Newton’s second law to fluid motion. These equations are the set of coupled differential equations, which are too difficult to solve analytically.
Category: Classical Physics

[29] viXra:1809.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 04:44:25

FLASH Proton Therapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Side effects of radiation therapy are a major concern to clinicians, even when using proton therapies that deliver highly conformal dose deposition. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

[28] viXra:1809.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 06:23:10

Quantum Chicken or Egg Paradox

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17] In 1993, physicist Lucien Hardy proposed an experiment showing that there is a small probability (around 6-9%) of observing a particle and its antiparticle interacting with each other without annihilating—something that is impossible in classical physics. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11] Some three-dimensional materials can exhibit exotic properties that only exist in "lower" dimensions. For example, in one-dimensional chains of atoms that emerge within a bulk sample, electrons can separate into three distinct entities, each carrying information about just one aspect of the electron's identity—spin, charge, or orbit. The spinon, the entity that carries information about electron spin, has been known to control magnetism in certain insulating materials whose electron spins can point in any direction and easily flip direction. Now, a new study just published in Science reveals that spinons are also present in a metallic material in which the orbital movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus is the driving force behind the material's strong magnetism. [10] Currently studying entanglement in condensed matter systems is of great interest. This interest stems from the fact that some behaviors of such systems can only be explained with the aid of entanglement. [9] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the University of Cambridge in the UK have demonstrated that it is possible to directly generate an electric current in a magnetic material by rotating its magnetization. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[27] viXra:1809.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-03 06:34:04

A Novel Representation Of A Natural Number, A Set Of Natural Numbers And One Step Growth Of Any Natural Number Represented By Primality Trees (Version 2)

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this research investigation the author has presented a novel representation of any natural number as a Primality Tree. Also, the author has presented a novel representation of a given set of any natural numbers. Furthermore, finally, the author has presented the novel representation of One step growth of any number and also any set of natural numbers as a Primality Tree.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[26] viXra:1809.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 06:48:41

The Conquest of High Dimensions: a Scientific Account

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 13 Pages.

This is my story, the story of a family pediatrician and amateur neuroscientist/physicist. As an “outsider”, I publish in some of the major scientific journals (also nuts in Nature and NEJM) and collaborate with worldwide universities and renewed scientists. My scientific field? Difficult to say, because I do not like at all to be on focus. Not regarding myself as a proper scientist, I feel free to (try to) publish in rather different disciplines (medicine, biology, physics, math, philosophy and, above all, neuroscience). Working in my room in Naples, Italy, without vis-à-vis contacts with true scientists, my favoured methodological approach is necessarily a “testable rationalism”: sharp experimental previsions arising from top-down, deductive mathematical approaches. Joining together concepts from far-flung fields, I pursue the application of mathematic and physical theory to biology, especially to neural systems. This manuscript encompasses the ABSTRACTS of all my published papers (2014- half 2018) in different fields: math, physics, biology, philosophy and, above all, neuroscience.
Category: Mind Science

[25] viXra:1809.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 08:17:08

Molecular Hopper move DNA Strands

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Researchers from the University of Oxford have constructed a "molecular hopper," capable of moving single strands of DNA through a protein nanotube. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

[24] viXra:1809.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 08:27:02

Quark Condensate and Confining Potentials

Authors: P. R. Silva
Comments: 10 pages and 14 references

Two seminal ideas are considered in this paper. One of them was introduced by Tryon [Nature 246, 396(1973)], dealing with the possibility of the universe being created from nothing. The other one was proposed by Thompson [J. Phys. A9, L25(1976)], in order to study the critical behavior of a cooperative system. Both ideas are implemented conjointly with the use of linear and quadratic confining potentials as a means to make estimates of the quark condensate of the QCD. In accomplishing this task, the MIT bag model by Chodos et al. [Phys. Rev. D9, 3471(1974)] is also taken in account.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[23] viXra:1809.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 08:54:48

New Physics Persist in LHC Data

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

For some time now, researchers have noted several anomalies in the decays of beauty mesons in the data coming in from the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. [12] The first full characterization measurement of an accelerator beam in six dimensions will advance the understanding and performance of current and planned accelerators around the world. [11] Researchers have found a way to accelerate antimatter in a 1000x smaller space than current accelerators, boosting the science of exotic particles. [10] THREE WEEKS AGO, upon sifting through the aftermath of their protonsmashing experiments, physicists working at the Large Hadron Collider reported an unusual bump in their signal: the signature of two photons simultaneously hitting a detector. Physicists identify particles by reading these signatures, which result from the decay of larger, unstable particles that form during high-energy collisions. It's how they discovered the Higgs boson back in 2012. But this time, they had no idea where the photons came from. [9] In 2012, a proposed observation of the Higgs boson was reported at the Large Hadron Collider in CERN. The observation has puzzled the physics community, as the mass of the observed particle, 125 GeV, looks lighter than the expected energy scale, about 1 TeV. [8] 'In the new run, because of the highest-ever energies available at the LHC, we might finally create dark matter in the laboratory,' says Daniela. 'If dark matter is the lightest SUSY particle than we might discover many other SUSY particles, since SUSY predicts that every Standard Model particle has a SUSY counterpart.' [7] The problem is that there are several things the Standard Model is unable to explain, for example the dark matter that makes up a large part of the universe. Many particle physicists are therefore working on the development of new, more comprehensive models. [6] They might seem quite different, but both the Higgs boson and dark matter particles may have some similarities. The Higgs boson is thought to be the particle that gives matter its mass. And in the same vein, dark matter is thought to account for much of the 'missing mass' in galaxies in the universe. It may be that these mass-giving particles have more in common than was thought. [5] The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the mysterious Higgs Field giving mass to the particles. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate by the diffraction patterns. The accelerating charges explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Relativistic Quantum Theories. The self maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges equivalent with the General Relativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the quantum level also, gives the base of the Quantum Gravity.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[22] viXra:1809.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 09:25:37

Security Scanners Detecting Explosives

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Using a single pixel camera and Terahertz electromagnetic waves, a team of Physicists at the University of Sussex have devised a blueprint which could lead to the development of airport scanners capable of detecting explosives. [18] The detectors created by ATI researchers are able to achieve high sensitivity levels that strongly compete with current technologies, while still operating at low voltages, as well as over the whole X-ray energy range spectrum. [17] There's nothing quite like an ice cream on a hot day, and eating it before it melts too much is part of the fun. [16] Studying the fleeting actions of electrons in organic materials will now be much easier, thanks to a new method for generating fast X-rays. [15] In a laboratory at the University of Rochester, researchers are using lasers to change the surface of metals in incredible ways, such as making them super water-repellent without the use of special coatings, paints, or solvents. [14]
Category: Quantum Physics

[21] viXra:1809.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 09:43:56

Energy from Low-Frequency Vibrations

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

A wearable energy-harvesting device could generate energy from the swing of an arm while walking or jogging, according to a team of researchers from Penn State's Materials Research Institute and the University of Utah. [23] How do the bees use this system of vibro-acoustical signals? Understanding now, how marker and communicational vibro-acoustic signals are arranged, and what, in principle, they serve, let's consider their application in the daily life of beehives. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[20] viXra:1809.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 10:19:25

Resolution for Expanding Universe

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Astronomers are engaged in a lively debate over plans to rename one of the laws of physics. [28] Unexpected hot spots in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) could have been produced by black holes evaporating before the Big Bang. [27] Researchers have developed a new way to improve our knowledge of the Big Bang by measuring radiation from its afterglow, called the cosmic microwave background radiation. [26] The group's results reinforce a disagreement over the value of the Hubble constant as measured directly and as calculated via observations of primordial radiation – a disparity, say the researchers, which likely points to new physics. [25] Neutron stars consist of the densest form of matter known: a neutron star the size of Los Angeles can weigh twice as much as our sun. [24] Supermassive black holes, which lurk at the heart of most galaxies, are often described as "beasts" or "monsters". [23] The nuclei of most galaxies host supermassive black holes containing millions to billions of solar-masses of material. [22] New research shows the first evidence of strong winds around black holes throughout bright outburst events when a black hole rapidly consumes mass. [21] Chris Packham, associate professor of physics and astronomy at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), has collaborated on a new study that expands the scientific community's understanding of black holes in our galaxy and the magnetic fields that surround them. [20] In a paper published today in the journal Science, University of Florida scientists have discovered these tears in the fabric of the universe have significantly weaker magnetic fields than previously thought. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18]
Category: Astrophysics

[19] viXra:1809.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 11:51:42

Estimating the Number of Water Worlds in the Milky Way Galaxy with Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 3 Pages.

Since the dogma has no method for determining how many water worlds are in the Milky Way galaxy, an estimate method and estimate is given using the assumptions garnered by stellar metamorphosis theory.
Category: Astrophysics

[18] viXra:1809.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 19:00:33

The Rna-World Hypothesis is not Needed According to Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages.

It is observed that stars evolve into what are called “planets/exoplanets”, this meaning planets/exoplanets are simply evolved/evolving stars according to stellar metamorphosis. Stars start off with completely ionized matter (no atomic bonding), which then bonds, mixes and cools over hundreds of millions of years by autocatalytic processes making more and more complex molecules, driven by heat exchanges, gravitational potential energy of the star collapsing becoming kinetic energy, as well as iron/nickel meteors acting as catalysts in the high atmosphere of the star as it evolves. This means the RNA-world hypothesis regarding the beginning of life is not necessary. Explanation is provided.
Category: Physics of Biology

[17] viXra:1809.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 02:14:10

Medieval Measurement of Time

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 6 Pages. -

Achievable accuracy of medieval temporary measurements is considered.
Category: Classical Physics

[16] viXra:1809.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 02:21:39

Riddle of a Verbal Contradiction World-Rome

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -

The assumption of a possible origin of a contradiction the World Rome is made
Category: Linguistics

[15] viXra:1809.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 02:26:50

Origin of the Roman Empire

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 1 Page. -

The assumption of a possible origin of the virtual Roman Empire is made
Category: Linguistics

[14] viXra:1809.0020 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-21 12:58:52

Baba Yaga as a Calendar Metaphor

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 10 Pages. -

A calendar explanation of a folk tale plot as a fragment of anthropomorphic description of an annual cycle is offered.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[13] viXra:1809.0019 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-16 18:54:47

The Historical Roots of the Fairy Tale: Baba Yaga as a Reflection of the Deluge

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 34 Pages. -

The attributes of Baba Yaga: a stupa, a broom, threats to be burnt alive, a chase accompanied by a rattle which can be heard from afar, having put an ear to the ground; "gnawing" of woods, a water obstacle, are considered from a unified point of view. A logical connection between the mentioned attributes and the volcanic eruption hypothesis is suggested. The translation of article into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics

[12] viXra:1809.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-02 05:02:31

Species Definition

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 1 Page.

I try a definition of Species like an ordered sequence of genes: different genes give different species
Category: Physics of Biology

[11] viXra:1809.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 02:00:38

Material Conductor and Insulator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Quantum materials are a type of odd substance that could be many times more efficient at conducting electricity through our iPhones than the commonly used conductor silicon—if only physicists can crack how the stuff works. [41] Femtosecond X-ray experiments in combination with a new theoretical approach establish a direct connection between electric properties in the macroscopic world and electron motions on the time and length scale of atoms. [40] Novel insight comes now from experiments and simulations performed by a team led by ETH physicists who have studied electronic transport properties in a one-dimensional quantum wire containing a mesoscopic lattice. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[10] viXra:1809.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 03:28:46

DNA Gene Switch

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11]
Category: Physics of Biology

[9] viXra:1809.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 03:51:18

An Attempt to Find the Logical Place for a Non-Goldbach Even Number

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 4 Pages.

With the use of the even/odd number analysis it was found that there is no non-Goldbach even integer >4 number possible.
Category: General Mathematics

[8] viXra:1809.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 03:59:30

The Fermat's Last Theorem and Homothetic Solutions

Authors: Radomir Majkic
Comments: 3 Pages.

The minimal homothetic integer solution of the Fermat equation is zero and the Fermat last theorem is true.
Category: Number Theory

[7] viXra:1809.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 03:59:47

AI Meets Your Shopping Experience

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

This shift from reactive to predictive marketing could change the way you shop, bringing you suggestions you perhaps never even considered, all possible because of AI-related opportunities for both retailers and their customers. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[6] viXra:1809.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 04:16:28

Vibro-Acoustic Signals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

How do the bees use this system of vibro-acoustical signals? Understanding now, how marker and communicational vibro-acoustic signals are arranged, and what, in principle, they serve, let's consider their application in the daily life of beehives. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

[5] viXra:1809.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 04:39:44

"Xie of the Man"

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 8 Pages. -

The assumption of a possible origin of the word Caesar is made
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[4] viXra:1809.0004 [pdf] replaced on 2021-04-07 22:48:05

Linguistic Assumptions

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 27 Pages.

An assumption has been made about the possible origin of some medieval terms. Attached is a translation from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics

[3] viXra:1809.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 04:50:52

Novelty in Science

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -

It is a little about psychology of scientific perception
Category: Linguistics

[2] viXra:1809.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 04:54:27

What Can Mean the Word "Europe"? What Its Possible Origin?

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 13 Pages. -

The assumption of a possible origin of the word "Europe" is made.
Category: Linguistics

[1] viXra:1809.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2018-09-01 05:02:57

Description of Rotation

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 6 Pages. -

The logical contradiction of descriptions of rotary and oscillatory movements is revealed. Their consistent description is offered.
Category: Classical Physics