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1903 Submissions

[451] viXra:1903.0574 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 06:35:49

Break Axion as Dark Matter Theory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Leslie Rosenberg, a physicist with the University of Washington has published a paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, describing the current state of research that involves investigating the possibility that axions are what make up dark matter. [27] Physicists from MIT and elsewhere have performed the first run of a new experiment to detect axions-hypothetical particles that are predicted to be among the lightest particles in the universe. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[450] viXra:1903.0573 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 07:14:27

Sperm with Damaged DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Researchers analyzed semen from 49 men whose partners had lost three or more consecutive pregnancies before the 20-week mark. [23] Single-molecule fluorescent measurements provide fresh insights into a process for keeping errors out of our genomes. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[449] viXra:1903.0572 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 07:48:07

Proton Gets its Spin Complicated

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 83 Pages.

“Spin has surprises. Everybody thought it’s simple … and it turns out it’s much more complicated,” Aschenauer says. [45] Approximately one year ago, a spectacular dive into Saturn ended NASA's Cassini mission—and with it a unique, 13-year research expedition to the Saturnian system. [44] Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, and their colleagues from the international ALICE collaboration recently collided xenon nuclei, in order to gain new insights into the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (the QGP) – the matter that the universe consisted of up to a microsecond after the Big Bang. [43]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[448] viXra:1903.0571 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 08:12:24

Closeup Image of a Black Hole

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

We're about to see the first close-up of a black hole. [23] In short, the concept of a black hole gravity machine presents humanity with a plausible path to becoming an interstellar species. In the meantime, the study of the concept will provide SETI researchers with another possible technosignature to look for. [22] Physicists have used a seven-qubit quantum computer to simulate the scrambling of information inside a black hole, heralding a future in which entangled quantum bits might be used to probe the mysterious interiors of these bizarre objects. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[447] viXra:1903.0570 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 08:32:46

Speed of Light in Slow Motion

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

In the resulting footage, photons clearly streak through the milk in a blue blur as the laser travels across the screen from left to right. [30] Light-by-light scattering is a very rare phenomenon in which two photons interact, producing another pair of photons. [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[446] viXra:1903.0569 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 10:16:53

The Sun Gravity Concept is Unreal (Proves)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 16 Pages.

The Hypothesis "There's No Gravity Found By The Sun" This paper provides 5 proves for this hypothesis which are: 1-Planet Orbital Distance disproves The Sun Gravity Concept 2-The Sun Gravity Value disproves The Sun Gravity Concept 3-The Planet Velocity disproves The Sun Gravity Concept 4-The moon orbit analysis proves the solar group current description is incorrect. 5-The Solar Group is One Machine consists of all solar planets.
Category: Astrophysics

[445] viXra:1903.0568 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 14:06:17

Nullspace and Mitigation in Seismic Imaging and Seismic Inversion

Authors: August Lau, Alfonso Gonzalez
Comments: 14 Pages.

Seismic inversion is the inverse problem in seismic data processing. Seismic inversion is normally used to recover the medium properties or reflectivity series given the input seismic traces. Nullspace is common in linearized inversion where many vectors could be mapped into the one vector. It is an indication that many models could fit the same data, regardless of the inversion method. Inversion could give odd geometric shapes that are not physical or geological. We will discuss mitigation of nullspace to yield results that are meaningful for interpretation of geologic layers for oil and gas exploration.
Category: Geophysics

[444] viXra:1903.0567 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 15:00:17

On Einsteins Spacetime

Authors: Adham Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Comments: 1 Page. ty

Einstein discovered the theory of relativity with the notion of space and time or spacetime he said that masses where making a curvature in spacetime its time to understand more about how space works and much importantly how time works space is the envelope of messages the larger the envelope the more messages you can put and the more the envelope can withstand rupture the more time it offers now this means that space is taking a limit of masses inside of it that it cant take more than without any more effects but if you add more masses inside space the spacetime effects start to appear spacetime starts to press on masses and they get compressed as in the form of the blackholes through gravity in other words there is much more mass than there is space and time acts up and gravity occurs because and so forget about dark matter and dark energy and that’s simply how the big bang started simply by existence of masses than the ability of universes space to contain and so the masses started to compress through time and so the curvature of spacetime is not towards the mass but enveloping the mass in a ball and since space is not simply a volume its space then I could assume this theory to be true
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[443] viXra:1903.0566 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 15:59:03

Division by Zero Calculus in Trigonometric Functions

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 19 Pages. In this paper, we will introduce the division by zero calculus in triangles and trigonometric functions as the first stage in order to see the elementary properties.

In this paper, we will introduce the division by zero calculus in triangles and trigonometric functions as the first stage in order to see the elementary properties.
Category: Geometry

[442] viXra:1903.0565 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 17:01:15

There Are Relativistic Effects In The Solar Group

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 24 Pages.

The Main Hypothesis "There Are Relativistic Effects In The Solar Group" We can't observe the higher velocity which produces these relativistic effects but we can observe the relativistic effects which are produced by it. As proves for the relativistic effects, I may refer to the following: 1.The Earth Moon Motion … 2.Mercury Day Period… The previous 2 phenomena should be discussed in this paper with many other as proves for the relativistic effects are found in the solar group geometry. This Papers provides 2 Points 1st Point : The Relativistic Effects Proves 2nd Point : The Relativistic effects Geometrical Meaning and Description.
Category: Astrophysics

[441] viXra:1903.0564 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 17:07:13

Lowering Abundances During Stellar Metamorphosis: Three Types of Elemental and Isotopic Decay

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages. 1 hand written note

There are three types elemental and isotopic decay during planet formation (stellar evolution). The first is isotopic abundances lowering, the second is light element loss, and finally the loss of radioactive isotopes, due to radioactive decay. Wording of these types of decay processes will change as the theory is developed, and explanation is provided with a handwritten note.
Category: Astrophysics

[440] viXra:1903.0563 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 19:38:45

Eddington’s Mass-Luminosity Relationship: A Violation of the Laws of Thermodynamics

Authors: Stephen J. Crothers, Pierre-Marie Robitaille
Comments: 13 Pages.

This is a copy of the slides for a talk presented at the Spring Meeting of the Ohio Section of the American Physical Society in Wooster, Ohio on March 30, 2019: http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/OSS19/Session/F02.5
Category: Astrophysics

[439] viXra:1903.0562 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 20:30:12

Cosmological Considerations in the Quantum Theory of Relativity: An Observationally Verifiable Quantum Theory of Gravity that Defines Black Holes, Explains Dark Matter, Predicts Dark Energy, and Establishes the Big Bang

Authors: Andrew Cox
Comments: 14 Pages.

If space is quantized on a compactified fourth spatial dimension as outlined in Kaluza-Klein theory -- with the extreme curvature of the fourth spatial dimension causing the 'effect' of gravity -- but we experience three-dimensional (inverse-square) gravity, then the fourth spatial dimension must operate as one stand-alone spatial dimension. In one spatial dimension, quantum gravity is the same (effectively 100%) whether two objects are together or apart. This deductive quantum theory of relativity can then be projected to: (1) define black holes as wormholes into the fourth spatial dimension; (2) explain dark matter as photons which traveled through black holes and into the fourth spatial dimension; (3) predict dark energy to be the warping of the fourth spatial dimension in the presence of dark matter photons; and (4) establish the big bang as the beginning of three flat spatial dimensions in a cyclic universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[438] viXra:1903.0560 [pdf] replaced on 2019-06-24 21:35:25

Direct Sum Decomposition of a Linear Vector Space

Authors: Anamitra Palit
Comments: 6 Pages.

The direct sum decomposition of a vector space has been explored to bring out a conflicting feature in the theory. It has been proved that a subspace cannot have dimension less than a third of the dimension of the parent vector space.
Category: Algebra

[437] viXra:1903.0558 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 07:40:52

Planets Discovered Using AI

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Astronomers at The University of Texas at Austin, in partnership with Google, have used artificial intelligence (AI) to uncover two more hidden planets in the Kepler space telescope archive. [27] Oceanographers studying the physics of the global ocean have long found themselves facing a conundrum: Fluid dynamical balances can vary greatly from point to point, rendering it difficult to make global generalizations. [26] The analysis of sensor data of machines, plants or buildings makes it possible to detect anomalous states early and thus to avoid further damage. [25] Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[436] viXra:1903.0557 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 07:54:00

Comments on “Aerothermodynamic Effects of Controlled Heat Release Within the Hypersonic Shock Layer Around a Large Angle Blunt Cone” [phys. Fluids 30, 106103 (2018)]

Authors: Anbuselvan K.K.N.
Comments: 4 Pages.

Recently, Deep and Jagadeesh published a paper on understanding the aerothermodynamic effects of chromium coating over a large angle blunt cone test model at hypersonic flow conditions. The article concludes that the heat-flux at stagnation point increases by 25.6%, the temperature at stagnation region increases by 5%, and the shock stand-off distance increases by 17% with chromium coating. These findings appear to be ambiguous due to inconsistencies in the manner of calculating the free-stream values, the inappropriate use of measurement techniques and incorrect analysis of experimental data which have been elucidated in this comments.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[435] viXra:1903.0556 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 07:51:37

Sun's Magnetic Field Ten Times Stronger

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

The sun's magnetic field is ten times stronger than previously believed, new research from Queen's University Belfast and Aberystwyth University has revealed. [19] University of Southern Denmark researchers have conducted simulations of dark matter particles hitting the Earth. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called "dark photons" in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[434] viXra:1903.0555 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 07:56:42

Comments on “Aerodynamic Drag Reduction by Heat Addition Into the Shock Layer for a Large Angle Blunt Cone in Hypersonic Flow” [physics of Fluids 20, 081703 (2008)]

Authors: Anbuselvan K.K.N.
Comments: 1 Page.

The article1 showed a 47% drag reduction and 18% increase in shock stand-off distance with chromium coated surface whereas A.M. Tahsini2 performed numerical simulations of Kulkarni et al.1 work and found a large discrepancy (>50%) with the experimental results. The reason for the discrepancy is found in this comments to be improper data analysis of the experimental drag signals.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[433] viXra:1903.0554 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 08:20:06

RNA Sequencing Cellular Function

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

A new technique developed by scientists at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard gives an unprecedented view of the cellular organization of tissues. [25] An LMU team has improved both the sensitivity and efficiency of a popular method for single-cell RNA sequencing, which yields a molecular fingerprint for individual cells based on their patterns of gene activity. [24] The goal is to find bits of DNA in common between the known relatives and the unidentified remains, suggesting both belong to a particular lineage. One analysis develops a profile that combines what's found at 23 spots in the DNA, for example. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

[432] viXra:1903.0553 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 08:25:45

One Formula that Produces Primes

Authors: Daoudi Rédoane
Comments: 1 Page.

Here I present one formula that produces prime numbers. There are counterexamples for this formula.
Category: Number Theory

[431] viXra:1903.0552 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 09:37:31

Artificial Intelligence Pioneers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

But making those quantum leaps from science fiction to reality required hard work from computer scientists like Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton and Yann LeCun. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[430] viXra:1903.0551 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 09:57:03

Machine Learning Self-Driving Cars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Working with researchers from Arizona State University, the team's new mathematical method is able to identify anomalies or bugs in the system before the car hits the road. [26] A research team at The University of Tokyo has developed a powerful machine learning algorithm that predicts the properties and structures of unknown samples from an electron spectrum. [25] Researchers have mathematically proven that a powerful classical machine learning algorithm should work on quantum computers. [24]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[429] viXra:1903.0550 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-31 20:14:14

The Relationship of Mass and Charge

Authors: Jeff Yee, Lori Gardi
Comments: 5 pages

In this paper, the two distinct properties of particle mass and charge are related, unifying equations for classical mechanics and electromagnetism that use mass and charge as variables for the electron.
Category: Quantum Physics

[428] viXra:1903.0549 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 10:07:47

Super Accelerated Motion in Rindler Spacetime

Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 4 Pages. Thank you for reading

In the general relativity theory, we discover formulas that the super accelerated matter moves with the acceleration a' about Rindler space-time. We can represent the super accelerated motion about coordinates x,ct.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[427] viXra:1903.0548 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-15 08:36:19

0/0 = Nullity = Refuted!

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 18 Pages.

Abstract Objectives: The scientific knowledge appears to grow by time. However, every scientific progress involves different kind of mistakes, which may survive for a long time. Nevertheless, the abandonment of partially true or falsified theorems, theories et cetera, for positions which approach more closely to the truth, is necessary. In a critical sense, a reduction of the myth in science demands the non-ending detection of contradictions in science and the elimination the same too. Methods: Nullity as one aspect of the trans-real arithmetic and equally as one of today’s approaches to the solution of the problem of the division of zero by zero is re-analyzed. A systematic mathematical proof is provided to prove the logical consistency of Nullity. Results: There is convincing evidence that Nullity is logically inconsistent. Furthermore, the about 2000 year old rule of the addition of zero’s (0+0+…+0 = 0) is proved as logically inconsistent and refuted. Conclusion: Nullity is self-contradictory and refuted. Keywords: Indeterminate forms, Classical logic, Zero divided by zero
Category: Number Theory

[426] viXra:1903.0547 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 14:18:47

The Digit Count of a Particle's Mass Identifies the Cyclic Universe in Which the Particle Arose

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: If the digit count of a particle's mass is four or less the count indicates in which of the 4 cyclic universes the particie first appeared
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[425] viXra:1903.0545 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 19:55:47

Diffusion Gravity: An Heuristic Model

Authors: Dh Fulton
Comments: 12 Pages.

The evidence from quantum vacuum research suggests that virtual particles may play a much larger role in gravity than previously attributed. Far from being an empty “stage” or blank slate, the vacuum is an active agent in the transmission of energy (photons), and therefore should also serve as the active medium through which gravity works. The model presented here integrates key concepts of an active quantum vacuum and the fundamental physical process of mass diffusion to provide a prime motivator of gravity as well as the key mechanism for the gravitational force.
Category: Quantum Physics

[424] viXra:1903.0544 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 21:06:19

Physical Relation Between Emotions And Individuals Possessing Them

Authors: Akul Anandur
Comments: 1 Page. This paper is an onset to a series of research works in Psychophysics. This talks about quantizing emotions in terms of thermodynamics.

This article focuses on the rationalization of emotions- mainly happiness & sadness- and their interactions. A mathematical analysis of emotions relating happiness and sadness has been depicted. Emotions, being merely a disturbance in the mental states, have been analyzed as an entropic phenomenon.
Category: Classical Physics

[423] viXra:1903.0543 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 01:17:07

Beautiful Natural Numbers (BNNs)

Authors: Faisal Amin Yassein Abdelmohssin
Comments: 2 Pages.

I give definition of Beautiful Natural Numbers (BNNs) and relate it to the theorem I claimed earlier on distinct proper fractions that sum to 1.
Category: Number Theory

[422] viXra:1903.0542 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 02:05:43

Arrow of Time and its Reversal on IBM Quantum Computer. G. B. Lesovik, I. A. Sadovskyy... (in Russian)

Authors: Kasimov V
Comments: 17 Pages. in Russian

Uncovering the origin of the arrow of time remains a fundamental scientifc challenge. Within the framework of statistical physics, this problem was inextricably associated with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which declares that entropy growth proceeds from the system's entanglement with the environment. It remains to be seen, however, whether the irreversibility of time is a fundamental law of nature or whether, on the contrary, it might be circumvented. Here we show that, while in nature the complex conjugation needed for time reversal is exponentially improbable, one can design a quantum algorithm that includes complex conjugation and thus reverses a given quantum state. Using this algorithm on an IBM quantum computer enables us to experimentally demonstrate a backward time dynamics for an electron scattered on a two-level impurity.
Category: Quantum Physics

[421] viXra:1903.0541 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 04:01:38

Uniquely Distinguishing an Electron’s Spin from Two Quantum States via Riemann Surface Guidance

Authors: Satoshi Hanamura
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this study, we will describe how one electron could consist of a two-state spin system on the basis of a previous study, wherein we obtained a model in which two spinor particles could exist in one electron. The previously reported electronic model used equations to show the energy conservation law of an electron system, which included two spinors. Herein, we will consider these two oscillators as two bases and will start the discussion from the viewpoint that one electron can be considered two-bitwise. For this purpose, we apply the two-bitwise system with a Riemann surface via an analytic continuation. This trial could explain the mixed state of up and down spin states. Furthermore, the two states in which the electron can be of either state can be selected as the disconnection of the analytic continuation of the complex analysis. To consider the magnetic gradient field which would have a force to disconnect the analytic continuation to separate the two domains, it is possible to explain how the spin is fixed in the abovementioned states.
Category: Quantum Physics

[420] viXra:1903.0540 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 07:08:52

Melanin-Based Bioelectronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Researchers have succeeded in increasing the conductivity of eumelanin-the dark brown pigment that colours skin, hair and eyes-to a record value of up to 318 S/cm by simply annealing it at high temperatures in vacuum. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[419] viXra:1903.0539 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 07:59:29

Neutrino is a Neutral Electron

Authors: Antonio PUCCINI
Comments: 10 Pages.

As known the brilliant idea of a new particle came to Pauli (fully shared by Fermi) to compensate the energy-mass gap that emerged from the disintegration of the neutron, or negative  decay (d): N P + e. The basic requirements originally requested by Pauli and Fermi for the new particle, or 3rd particle (called neutrino), are essentially three: it is electrically neutral and it must have the same mass and spin of an electron. Therefore, if the mass of the neutrino () corresponded to that assumed by Pauli and Fermi, the mass gap problem of the βd would be brilliantly solved. However, the current upper limits of the mass of the  are <2eV. Here we show that a clear incongruity comes out: the mass attributed to the  will never be able to solve the energy gap problem of the βd ; it takes  250˙000  to compensate the energy-mass gap. Unless we consider, instead of , another particle, probably still unknown, as the 3rd particle of βd. To find a solution, we hypothesized the existence of an electron with no electric charge: a neutral electron (e°).
Category: Astrophysics

[418] viXra:1903.0538 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 08:14:22

Superconducting Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

Superconducting nanowires could be used as both targets and sensors for the direct detection of dark matter, physicists in Israel and the US have shown. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20] Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) in Germany have now come up with a new theory on how dark matter may have been formed shortly after the origin of the universe. [19] Map of dark matter made from gravitational lensing measurements of 26 million galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey. [18] CfA astronomers Annalisa Pillepich and Lars Hernquist and their colleagues compared gravitationally distorted Hubble images of the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 and two other clusters with the results of computer simulations of dark matter haloes. [17] In a paper published July 20 in the journal Physical Review Letters, an international team of cosmologists uses data from the intergalactic medium-the vast, largely empty space between galaxies-to narrow down what dark matter could be. [16] But a new hypothesis might have gotten us closer to figuring out its identity, because physicists now suspect that dark matter has been changing forms this whole time-from ghostly particles in the Universe's biggest structures, to a strange, superfluid state at smaller scales. And we might soon have the tools to confirm it. [15] Superfluids may exist inside neutron stars, and some researchers have speculated that space-time itself may be a superfluid. So why shouldn't dark matter have a superfluid phase, too? [14] "The best result on dark matter so far-and we just got started." This is how scientists behind XENON1T, now the most sensitive dark matter experiment worldwide , commented on their first result from a short 30-day run presented today to the scientific community. [13] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter. SIMPs would resolve certain discrepancies between simulations of the distribution of dark matter, like this one, and the observed properties of the galaxies. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[417] viXra:1903.0537 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 08:38:48

Chirality Oscillation in Antiferromagnets

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

A quasiparticle is a disturbance or excitation (e.g. spin waves, bubbles, etc.) that behaves as a particle and could therefore be regarded as one. Long-range interactions between quasiparticles can give rise to a 'drag,' which affects the fundamental properties of many systems in condensed matter physics. [16] Researchers have recently been also interested in the utilization of antiferromagnets, which are materials without macroscopic magnetization but with a staggered orientation of their microscopic magnetic moments. [15]
Category: Condensed Matter

[416] viXra:1903.0533 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 10:17:55

Testing Einstein's Equivalence Principle

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

The GRAVITY Collaboration, a team of researchers at several renowned institutes including the Max Planck Institute, LESIA Paris Observatory and the European Southern Observatory, has recently tested part of the Einstein Equivalence Principle, namely the local positon invariance (LPI), near the galactic center supermassive black hole. [12] A key aspect of Einstein’s general theory of relativity (GR) has been tested using the strongest gravitational field so far. The measurement was made by observing changes in optical absorption lines of a star orbiting close to Sagittarius A* – the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way. [11]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[415] viXra:1903.0532 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 11:04:26

Quantum Optical Cooling

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

When a particle is completely isolated from its environment, the laws of quantum physics start to play a crucial role. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[414] viXra:1903.0531 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 11:50:58

Quantum Mechanics Where Spin is SO(3)

Authors: Carl A. Brannen
Comments: 23 Pages.

In 2014 Steven Weinberg noted that quantum mechanics can avoid various difficulties, such as the many worlds hypothesis, by taking the quantum states to be density matrices without reference to state vectors. An immediate consequence of Weinberg's idea is that electron spin can be taken to follow SO(3) instead of SU(2). This radical departure from present understanding motivates our exploration of density matrices as a method of going beyond the Standard Model. An important tool for Standard Model calculations is the Feynman path integral formulation of quantum field theory. When the path integral is Wick rotated from time to imaginary time or temperature it becomes a method of cooling down density matrices. While this does not show that one goes beyond the Standard Model by Wick rotation, it does show a close relation between this method of cooling density matrices and quantum field theory of the Standard Model. We explore these ideas and exhibit toy models with particle content and symmetry similar to the Standard Model.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[413] viXra:1903.0530 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 13:27:58

Fast Radio Bursts from Terraformation

Authors: Almog Yalinewich, Mubdi Rahman, Alysa Obertas, Patrick C. Breysse
Comments: 5 Pages.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are, as the name implies, short and intense pulses of radiation at wavelengths of roughly one metre. FRBs have extremely high brightness temperatures, which points to a coherent source of radiation. The energy of a single burst ranges from $10^{36}$ to $10^{39}$ erg. At the high end of the energy range, FRBs have enough energy to unbind an earth-sized planet, and even at the low end, there is enough energy to vaporise and unbind the atmosphere and the oceans. We therefore propose that FRBs are signatures of an artificial terraformer, capable of eradicating life on another planet, or even destroy the planet entirely. The necessary energy can be harvested from Wolf-Rayet stars with a Dyson sphere ($\sim 10^{38}$ erg s$^{-1}$) , and the radiation can be readily produced by astrophysical masers. We refer to this mechanism as Volatile Amplification of a Destructive Emission of Radiation (VADER). We use the observational information to constrain the properties of the apparatus. We speculate that the non-repeating FRBs are low-energy pulses used to exterminate life on a single planet, but leaving it otherwise intact, and that the stronger repeating FRB is part of an effort to destroy multiple objects in the same solar system, perhaps as a preventative measure against panspermia. In this picture, the persistent synchrotron source associated with the first repeating FRB arises from the energy harvesting process. Finally we propose that Oumuamua might have resulted from a destruction of a planet in this manner.
Category: Astrophysics

[412] viXra:1903.0529 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 20:05:40

The Creation of Artificial Intelligence Will Require a Physical Body.

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 2 Pages.

All of humanity's problems stem from man's inability to sit quietly in a room alone. --Blaise Pascal
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[411] viXra:1903.0528 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 04:11:50

Quantum Heat Engines

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Since quantum systems can exist in a superposition of states there was inevitably keen interest to know whether quantum coherence between energy states could increase heat engine efficiency. [33] When a particle is completely isolated from its environment, the laws of quantum physics start to play a crucial role. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[410] viXra:1903.0527 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 04:22:52

Brightening Perovskite LEDs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Very recently, an NTU team lead by Assoc. Prof. Wang Hong, demonstrated high light extraction efficiency of perovskite photonic crystals fabricated by delicate electron-beam lithography. [17] A quasiparticle is a disturbance or excitation (e.g. spin waves, bubbles, etc.) that behaves as a particle and could therefore be regarded as one. Long-range interactions between quasiparticles can give rise to a 'drag,' which affects the fundamental properties of many systems in condensed matter physics. [16]
Category: Condensed Matter

[409] viXra:1903.0526 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 04:31:50

Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

Efficient near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes of perovskite have been produced in a laboratory at Linköping University. The external quantum efficiency is 21.6 percent, which is a record. The results have been published in Nature Photonics. [18] Very recently, an NTU team lead by Assoc. Prof. Wang Hong, demonstrated high light extraction efficiency of perovskite photonic crystals fabricated by delicate electron-beam lithography. [17] A quasiparticle is a disturbance or excitation (e.g. spin waves, bubbles, etc.) that behaves as a particle and could therefore be regarded as one. Long-range interactions between quasiparticles can give rise to a 'drag,' which affects the fundamental properties of many systems in condensed matter physics. [16] Researchers have recently been also interested in the utilization of antiferromagnets, which are materials without macroscopic magnetization but with a staggered orientation of their microscopic magnetic moments. [15] A new method that precisely measures the mysterious behavior and magnetic properties of electrons flowing across the surface of quantum materials could open a path to next-generation electronics. [14] The emerging field of spintronics aims to exploit the spin of the electron. [13] In a new study, researchers measure the spin properties of electronic states produced in singlet fission-a process which could have a central role in the future development of solar cells. [12] In some chemical reactions both electrons and protons move together. When they transfer, they can move concertedly or in separate steps. Light-induced reactions of this sort are particularly relevant to biological systems, such as Photosystem II where plants use photons from the sun to convert water into oxygen. [11] EPFL researchers have found that water molecules are 10,000 times more sensitive to ions than previously thought. [10] Working with colleagues at the Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, a group led by Harvard Professor of Physics Mikhail Lukin and MIT Professor of Physics Vladan Vuletic have managed to coax photons into binding together to form molecules-a state of matter that, until recently, had been purely theoretical. The work is described in a September 25 paper in Nature.
Category: Condensed Matter

[408] viXra:1903.0525 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 05:47:35

Fusion of Halo Nucleus 6he on 238u :Evidence for Tennis-Ball (Bubble) Structure of the Core of the Halo (Even the Giant-Halo) Nucleus

Authors: Syed Afsar Abbas
Comments: 12 Pages.

In a decade-and-a-half old experiment, Raabe et al.(Nature 431 (2004) 823), had studied fusion of an incoming beam of halo nucleus 6He with the target nucleus 238U . We extract a new interpretation of the experiment, different from the one that has been inferred so far. We show that their ex- periment is actually able to discriminate between the structures of the target nucleus (behaving as standard nucleus with density distribution described with canonical RMS radius r = r0 A1/3 with r0 = 1.2 fm), and the ”core” of the halo nucleus, which surprisingly, does not follow the standard density distribution with the above RMS radius. In fact the core has the structure of a tennis-ball (bubble) like nucleus, with a ”hole” at the centre of the den- sity distribution. This novel interpretation of the fusion experiment provides an unambigous support to an almost two decades old model (Abbas, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 16 (2001) 755), of the halo nuclei. This Quantum Chro- modyanamics based model, succeeds in identifyng all known halo nuclei and makes clear-cut and unique predictions for new and heavier halo nuclei. This model supports, the existence of tennis-ball (bubble) like core of even the giant-neutron halo nuclei. This should prove beneficial to the experimen- talists, to go forward more confidently, in their study of exotic nuclei.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[407] viXra:1903.0524 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 07:20:54

Magnetism-Driven Thermal Expansion

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Computers, cell phones and other devices are built from many small parts and components that are prone to poor performance and damage caused by overheating. [26] An international team of researchers has measured a quantum power increase in a quantum boost engine for the first time. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[406] viXra:1903.0523 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 08:07:15

Atlas of HRM Spectra (Volume 1)

Authors: Stoyan Sarg
Comments: 14 Pages.

The Heterodyne Resonance Mechanism (HRM) is predicted in the Basic Structures of Matter – Supergravitation Unified Theory (BSM-SG). The HRM effect takes place in a transient process of plasma. Neutral plasma in self-oscillation mode with optical signature of glow discharge emits spectrum in MHz range. The spectrum is different from the atomic and molecular spectra. According to the BSM-SG models, the spectrum is caused by synchronised spin-flip of the electrons involved in ion-electron pairs. Most of the recorded spectra are from hydrogen and air at partial vacuum from 10 to 15 mbars and air at normal pressure. They were recorded at different periods from 2005 to 2007 in a laboratory of York University, Toronto, Canada. The details of experimental setup are given in the article “Heterodyne Resonance Mechanism in a transient process in plasma. Experimental study and spectra” (vixra.org).
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[405] viXra:1903.0522 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 08:18:01

Particle Self-Organization in Plasma

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

Physicists recently investigated the behavior of particles in a dusty plasma at a temperature below 2 degrees K. [43] Researchers at MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) have now demonstrated how microwaves can be used to overcome barriers to steady-state tokamak operation. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[404] viXra:1903.0520 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-13 08:59:33

Heterodyne Resonance Mechanism in a Transient Process in Plasma. Experimental Study and Spectra

Authors: Stoyan Sarg
Comments: 11 Pages. neutral plasma, glow discharge spectrum, Rydberg matter

The Heterodyne Resonance Mechanism (HRM) is predicted in the Basic Structures of Matter – Supergravitation Unified Theory (BSM-SG). The HRM effect takes place in a transient process of plasma. Neutral plasma in self-oscillation mode with optical signature of glow discharge emits EM radiation in a broad spectral range. The spectrum is comprised of discrete frequencies; however it is different from the atomic and molecular spectra. According to the BSM-SG models, the EM emission is caused by synchronised spin-flips of the electrons involved in ion-electron pairs. The ion-electron pairs are similar to some experimentally observed Rydberg matter, while possessing unknown so far features. The observed discrete spectra are in the radio-frequency MHz range. The analysis leads to the conclusion that HRM takes place in the lightning in the troposphere and in the ionosphere. This provides explanation for the strong EM radiation emitted from lightnings that causes disturbance in the sensitive electronic devices and radio communications. Further study on the HRM effect may lead to technological recommendations for protection of sensitive electronics.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[403] viXra:1903.0519 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 09:52:33

Ultra-Short Spin Waves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

"The spin waves we observed could be of future relevance to highly integrated circuits." [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[402] viXra:1903.0518 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 10:19:59

The Fire Theory

Authors: Adham Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Comments: 1 Page. ty

When you burn fire you have fire if you let it into space the fire would fade out and diminish because there are particles in space now lets assume that the lit fire is in absolute space space that has no particles in it then the fire would keep burning forever in fact it will grow as it burn the material it burns it burns now since fire is an electromagnetic wave we could say that the particles static electricity polarities(from particles)is the one that make the fire fade away but that’s not important the thing that is important is that if fire is attracted to the polarities without absorbtion its own polarity(positive polarity) will not be absorbed by electrons but rather would push the positive polarities of protons in other way since a fast moving fire would push other materials now lets study electrons and how fire spins around it(makes it jiggle as heat) and afterwards its absorbed by the electrons then remitted but lets study how the electron jumps from one level to the other way some of the energy of fire is transmitted into other colors of fire its probably because fire is not absorbed(partially) at all its reproduced by the electron by other colors with different intensities due to several electrons in all orbits but lets study how do several electron change the color of fire after its absorbed then reproduced it seems like the fire is absorbed several times and then produced and as some of the fire is absorbed at one level of electrons inside the atom it needs to pass another level of electrons this leads to the dispertion of fire(due to fire jiggling around electrons) and producing several colors from each electron now lets study explosion explosion happens best and strongest when fire keeps pushing with its polarity the portons the more precise the on hit of photons with proton for the most time (that you can do the on hit forever) without deflection of photons from protons the more you could reach the speed of light with bigger masses you need precision and continued result from precision a continued push to achieve speeds of light for this to happen you need to shoot burning fires away from electrons and onto protons to do this you have to shoot fire at very high speeds and very small amounts timed to intervals and the machine that hurls fire should be very lit very near to the pushed rocket and also you should shoot fire after fire so that the its produced very near to each other and that fire is very small in size but large in magnitude so that they push each other with a fire inducer and also you could make the amount of fire getting out of the rocket much less than the one pushing the fire by burning up fire from one side successively or even two sides if possible
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[401] viXra:1903.0517 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 10:20:42

Dark Matter Constrain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Researchers from Russia, Finland, and the U.S. have put a constraint on the theoretical model of dark matter particles by analyzing data from astronomical observations of active galactic nuclei. [20] Just how quickly is the dark matter near Earth zipping around? The speed of dark matter has far-reaching consequences for modern astrophysical research, but this fundamental property has eluded researchers for years. [19] A NASA rocket experiment could use the Doppler effect to look for signs of dark matter in mysterious X-ray emissions from space. [18] CfA astronomers Annalisa Pillepich and Lars Hernquist and their colleagues compared gravitationally distorted Hubble images of the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 and two other clusters with the results of computer simulations of dark matter haloes. [17] In a paper published July 20 in the journal Physical Review Letters, an international team of cosmologists uses data from the intergalactic medium-the vast, largely empty space between galaxies-to narrow down what dark matter could be. [16] But a new hypothesis might have gotten us closer to figuring out its identity, because physicists now suspect that dark matter has been changing forms this whole time-from ghostly particles in the Universe's biggest structures, to a strange, superfluid state at smaller scales. And we might soon have the tools to confirm it. [15] Superfluids may exist inside neutron stars, and some researchers have speculated that space-time itself may be a superfluid. So why shouldn't dark matter have a superfluid phase, too? [14] "The best result on dark matter so far-and we just got started." This is how scientists behind XENON1T, now the most sensitive dark matter experiment worldwide , commented on their first result from a short 30-day run presented today to the scientific community. [13] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter. SIMPs would resolve certain discrepancies between simulations of the distribution of dark matter, like this one, and the observed properties of the galaxies. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[400] viXra:1903.0516 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 10:35:57

On Newtons Inertia

Authors: Adham Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Comments: 1 Page. ty

Inertia is not understood in todays physics inertia is because of the wave like absorbtion of a force within a mass for example if you have a piece of iron and a piece of larger iron and a piece of lead you would find that the force done by your hand to push them propagates through the whole mass lets see how this happens when your electrons in your hand and your protons push a piece of iron the protons in your hand pushes the protons in the iron and the electrons in your hand pushes the electrons in the iron now when this push happens the pushed protons and electrons within the iron mass push together another proton and electron in the mass and the bigger the iron mass piece the smaller the push for all the iron mass only after the push force has reached the other side of the iron mass the electron and proton on the other side attract the electrons and protons nearer to you then the electrons and protons on the other side are pulled again by the electrons and protons nearer to you the electrons and protons on the other side hit them back and then a back and force is attained at the farthest side and a continuous motion is attained indefinitely and while the electron wave is pushed new waves are needed
Category: Classical Physics

[399] viXra:1903.0515 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 10:39:58

Galaxies Defy Dark Matter Theory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

After drawing both praise and skepticism, the team of astronomers who discovered NGC 1052-DF2-the very first known galaxy to contain little to no dark matter-are back with stronger evidence about its bizarre nature. [21] Researchers from Russia, Finland, and the U.S. have put a constraint on the theoretical model of dark matter particles by analyzing data from astronomical observations of active galactic nuclei. [20] Just how quickly is the dark matter near Earth zipping around? The speed of dark matter has far-reaching consequences for modern astrophysical research, but this fundamental property has eluded researchers for years. [19] A NASA rocket experiment could use the Doppler effect to look for signs of dark matter in mysterious X-ray emissions from space. [18] CfA astronomers Annalisa Pillepich and Lars Hernquist and their colleagues compared gravitationally distorted Hubble images of the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 and two other clusters with the results of computer simulations of dark matter haloes. [17] In a paper published July 20 in the journal Physical Review Letters, an international team of cosmologists uses data from the intergalactic medium-the vast, largely empty space between galaxies-to narrow down what dark matter could be. [16] But a new hypothesis might have gotten us closer to figuring out its identity, because physicists now suspect that dark matter has been changing forms this whole time-from ghostly particles in the Universe's biggest structures, to a strange, superfluid state at smaller scales. And we might soon have the tools to confirm it. [15] Superfluids may exist inside neutron stars, and some researchers have speculated that space-time itself may be a superfluid. So why shouldn't dark matter have a superfluid phase, too? [14] "The best result on dark matter so far-and we just got started." This is how scientists behind XENON1T, now the most sensitive dark matter experiment worldwide , commented on their first result from a short 30-day run presented today to the scientific community. [13] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter. SIMPs would resolve certain discrepancies between simulations of the distribution of dark matter, like this one, and the observed properties of the galaxies. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[398] viXra:1903.0514 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 10:57:39

Deep Learning Proteins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Researchers at the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) employed a suite of deep-learning techniques to identify and observe these temporary yet notable structures. [32] As part of a team of scientists from IBM and New York University, my colleagues and I are looking at new ways AI could be used to help ophthalmologists and optometrists further utilize eye images, and potentially help to speed the process for detecting glaucoma in images. [31] A team of EPFL scientists has now written a machine-learning program that can predict, in record time, how atoms will respond to an applied magnetic field. [30] Researchers from the University of Luxembourg, Technische Universität Berlin, and the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society have combined machine learning and quantum mechanics to predict the dynamics and atomic interactions in molecules. [29] For the first time, physicists have demonstrated that machine learning can reconstruct a quantum system based on relatively few experimental measurements. [28] AlphaZero plays very unusually; not like a human, but also not like a typical computer. Instead, it plays with "real artificial" intelligence. [27] Predictions for an AI-dominated future are increasingly common, but Antoine Blondeau has experience in reading, and arguably manipulating, the runes-he helped develop technology that evolved into predictive texting and Apple's Siri. [26] Artificial intelligence can improve health care by analyzing data from apps, smartphones and wearable technology. [25] Now, researchers at Google's DeepMind have developed a simple algorithm to handle such reasoning-and it has already beaten humans at a complex image comprehension test. [24] A marimba-playing robot with four arms and eight sticks is writing and playing its own compositions in a lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The pieces are generated using artificial intelligence and deep learning. [23] Now, a team of researchers at MIT and elsewhere has developed a new approach to such computations, using light instead of electricity, which they say could vastly improve the speed and efficiency of certain deep learning computations. [22]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[397] viXra:1903.0513 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 12:19:01

Cored Protons: Cored Protons Join with Each Other and Neutrons and Electrons to Form an Atomic Structure with Energy Being Allocated Beyond the Set Boundaries

Authors: Bruce A. Lutgen
Comments: 5 Pages.

Protons and neutrons, known collectively as nucleons, are made up of quarks. More specifically, up and down quarks. Protons and neutrons when joined together become an atom’s nucleus. Within particle physics, it has been said that gluons (gauge bosons) act as force mediators that work to hold the quarks together in the atom’s nucleus. Contrary to this view, gluons may not be responsible for this attribute of atomic structure. It is being offered that electromagnetic and strong gravity-related forces are in fact responsible for holding the nucleus together as an assembly. Taking that concept even further, the gravity-related force, when radiating beyond the nucleus, will morph into something much weaker but more extensive in range.
Category: Quantum Physics

[396] viXra:1903.0509 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 21:11:52

Evidential Divergence Measures in Dempster–Shafer Theory

Authors: Fuyuan Xiao
Comments: 3 Pages.

The Dempster–Shafer evidence (DSE) theory, as a generalization of the Bayes probability theory, has more capability to handle the uncertainty in the decision-making problems. In the DSE theory, however, how to measure the divergence between basic belief assignments (BBAs) is still an open issue which has attracted many attentions. On account of this point, in this paper, new evidential divergence measures are developed to measure the difference between BBAs in the DSE theory, called as EDMs. The EDMs consider both of the correlations between BBAs and the subset of set of BBAs, respectively. Consequently, they can provide a much more convincing and effective way to measure the discrepancy between BBAs. In a word, the EDMs as the generalization of the divergence measures in the Bayes probability theory have the universal applicabilities. Additionally, a new Belief–Jensen–Shannon divergence measure is derived based on the EDMs, in which different weights can be assigned to the BBAs involved, so that it provides a promising solution to be applied in solving the problems of decision-making. Finally, numerical examples are illustrated that the proposed methods are more feasible and reasonable to measure the divergence between BBAs in the DSE theory.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[395] viXra:1903.0508 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 04:00:10

No Evidence of Axions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Physicists from MIT and elsewhere have performed the first run of a new experiment to detect axions-hypothetical particles that are predicted to be among the lightest particles in the universe. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20] Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) in Germany have now come up with a new theory on how dark matter may have been formed shortly after the origin of the universe. [19] Map of dark matter made from gravitational lensing measurements of 26 million galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey. [18]
Category: Astrophysics

[394] viXra:1903.0507 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 04:40:00

Quantum Physics and Origami

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Now researchers are using quantum physics to overcome these limitations, says a review published in Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[393] viXra:1903.0504 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 07:06:22

The Current Law of Conservation of Energy in Mechanics is the Greatest Mistake of Physics

Authors: Dubrovskii Petr Ivanovich
Comments: 22 Pages.

The current law of conservation of energy in mechanics is the greatest mistake of physics. mgh and mV^2/2 is not energy Real energy is Ft (impulse) and mV
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[392] viXra:1903.0503 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-17 03:51:24

Extending an Irrationality Proof of Sondow: from e to Zeta(n)

Authors: Timothy W. Jones
Comments: 16 Pages. A new section that shows with greater clarity the extension of Sondow has been added.

We modify Sondow's geometric proof of the irrationality of e. The modification uses sector areas on circles, rather than closed intervals. Using this circular version of Sondow's proof, we see a way to understand the irrationality of a series. We evolve the idea of proving all possible rational value convergence points of a series are excluded because all partials are not expressible as fractions with the denominators of their terms. If such fractions cover the rationals, then the series should be irrational. Both the irrationality of e and that of zeta(n>=2) are proven using these criteria: the terms cover the rationals and the partials escape the terms.
Category: Number Theory

[391] viXra:1903.0502 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 08:13:00

Mini Laser-Driven Particle Accelerator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Munich physicists have succeeded in demonstrating plasma wakefield acceleration of subatomic particles in a miniaturized, laser-driven model. [31] Tomasz Skwarnicki, professor of physics in the College of Arts and Sciences at Syracuse University, has uncovered new information about a class of particles called pentaquarks. [30] Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory officially broke ground March 15 on a major new particle accelerator project that will power cutting-edge physics experiments for many decades to come. [29]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[390] viXra:1903.0501 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 08:25:01

Why We Should Be Skeptical of Quantum Computing

Authors: Alan M. Kadin
Comments: 32 Pages. Poster presented at American Physical Society meeting, Boston, Mass., Mar. 5, 2019

It is widely believed that quantum computing is on the threshold of practicality, with performance that will soon surpass that of classical computing. On the contrary, it is argued that both the present and the future of quantum computing may be highly uncertain, for the following reasons: 1) The promised performance depends on entanglement-based scaling to massive parallelism, which has not been verified, and may be tested [1]. 2) Even if the theory were correct, exponential sensitivity to noise for highly entangled states could make the technology impractical [2]. 3) Evidence for entanglement in superconducting qubits can be explained using the nonlinear properties of classical Josephson junctions [3]. 4) Evidence for entanglement in arrays of coupled qubits can be explained using conventional energy-band theory with delocalized states. [1] A.M. Kadin and S.B. Kaplan, “Proposed experiments to test the foundations of quantum computing”, 2016, http://vixra.org/abs/1607.0105. [2] G. Kilai, “The Quantum Computer Puzzle ,” 2016, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.00992.pdf [3] J. Blackburn, et al., “Survey of Classical and Quantum Interpretations of experiments on Josephson junctions at very low temperatures”, Phys. Rep. 611, 2016. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.05316.pdf
Category: Quantum Physics

[389] viXra:1903.0500 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 08:38:01

A Neoclassical Framework That Reunifies Modern Physics

Authors: Alan M. Kadin
Comments: 36 Pages. Poster presented at American Physical Society meeting, Boston, Mass., Mar. 7, 2019

The unity of classical physics was broken by quantum uncertainty on the micro level and curved spacetime on the cosmic level. In contrast, a novel neoclassical picture is presented*, which incorporates key aspects of quantum and relativistic physics, while maintaining deterministic local reality at all levels. This is based on the following principles: 1) Real rotating vector fields self-organize into soliton-like wave packets with quantized spin; these represent elementary particles. 2) Characteristic frequency and wavelength of these wave packets define time and space, and are modulated by gravity. 3) Wave packets maintain constant frequency for both massive and massless particles, reproducing relativistic trajectories. 4) Transitions are due to continuous interactions between wave packets that conserve total frequency, wavevector, and spin. This approach maintains quantum discreteness without Hilbert space, and reproduces curved light without spacetime. But this also predicts sharp deviations from some simple predictions of orthodox quantum theory, such as the two-stage Stern-Gerlach experiment. *A.M. Kadin, “Fundamental Waves and the Reunification of Physics”, Foundational Questions Institute Essay Contest, 2017, available online at https://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/2972.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[388] viXra:1903.0499 [pdf] replaced on 2019-09-12 11:27:00

An Intimate Insight on Psychopathy and a Novel Hermeneutic Psychological Science

Authors: Emmanuel Taku
Comments: 4036 Pages. Latest version

This paper is rather a profound hermeneutic enunciation putting into question our present understanding of psychopathy. It further articulates, in complement, a novel theoretical and methodological conceptualisation for a hermeneutic psychological science. Methodology-wise, it puts into question a traditional more or less categorical and mechanical approach to the social and behavioural sciences as it strives to introduce a creative and insightful approach for the articulation of ideas. It rather seeks to construe the scientific method as being more about falsifiability and validation but driven by a sense of creative understanding and insight of notions laid out as open-ended conceptualisations. Theory-wise, it sees continuity between anthropology and psychology as anthropopsychology behind an entropic construct of human psychology based on a recurrent re-institutionalisation mechanism for intemporal-preservation-entropy/contiguity. Keywords: psychopathy, hermeneutic, theory, meaning, ontology
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[387] viXra:1903.0498 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 08:50:23

Black Hole in Radio Galaxy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Italian astronomers have conducted an X-ray analysis of the accreting supermassive black hole in the broad line radio galaxy PKS 2251+11 as part of a study aimed at investigating the galaxy's nuclear environment. [24] All massive galaxies are believed to host supermassive black holes (SMBH) at their centers that grow by accreting mass from their environment. [23]
Category: Astrophysics

[386] viXra:1903.0497 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 09:09:07

Direct Current Hide Objects

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

The ability to hide an arbitrary object with a cloak at a distance from the object is a unique task in photonics research, although the phenomenon is yet to be realized in practice. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[385] viXra:1903.0496 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 09:43:55

Machine Learning Material Classification

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

A research team at The University of Tokyo has developed a powerful machine learning algorithm that predicts the properties and structures of unknown samples from an electron spectrum. [25] Researchers have mathematically proven that a powerful classical machine learning algorithm should work on quantum computers. [24] Researchers at Oregon State University have used deep learning to decipher which ribonucleic acids have the potential to encode proteins. [23]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[384] viXra:1903.0495 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 10:37:26

"AI" Physics – Energy Fields – Part 2.

Authors: Brian Strom
Comments: 12 Pages.

In the first paper on Energy Fields [1], Artificial Intelligence (AI) was used to analyze the nature of energy fields around conductors, solenoids, permanent magnets and rotating bodies. In this second paper, AI is used to analyze the interactions between Potential energy fields, Orbital energy fields and Rotational energy fields, and to propose the nature of these interactions throughout the universe, from the galactic scale to the sub-atomic scale. These findings may provide an explanation for the so-called 5th force, an alternative explanation for the forces at the galactic level, and an alternative explanation for the forces at the sub-atomic level, including quantum gravity.
Category: Classical Physics

[383] viXra:1903.0493 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-14 04:19:25

Inertia and Critical Ionization Velocities

Authors: Ivo van der Rijt
Comments: 4 Pages.

Explanation for inertia and critical ionization velocities.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[382] viXra:1903.0492 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 14:06:22

THe Space

Authors: Sunil Thakur
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this article, we have analyzed the structure of ice and the behavior of electromagnetic and sound waves in the ice to show that the apparent emptiness is not really empty. The matter exists in imperceptible form as part of all the physical entities.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[381] viXra:1903.0490 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 16:17:14

Quantized Space-Time and Dark Matter

Authors: Eran Sinbar
Comments: 3 Pages.

Planck’s length is the scale in which the classical ideas of gravity and space-time cease to be valid and where uncertainty dictates the rules. This is the size of the information bits on the black holes event horizon and there is a good reason to assume that it is the size of the basic building blocks of the fabric of space. This article assumes three leading assumptions: 1. the quantization of space into a lattice (grid) of unit cells, which I will refer to as 3D voxels of space (voxels) in the size of Planck’s length in each dimension. 2. The quantization of time into Planck’s time sequences (pulses). 3. Light travels one space voxel for each time pulse. Based on these three assumptions, this article will show that the Newton gravitational constant (G) increases as the universe expands. This increase in the gravitational constant can illuminate some light on the mysterious dark matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[380] viXra:1903.0489 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 20:28:27

Does Earth Velocity Causes The Eclipse Phenomena? (T.S. Eclipse III)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 7 Pages.

We continue our discussion about the total solar eclipse…. Why We See the Sun Disc = the Moon Disc? (T.S. Eclipse II) Total Solar Eclipse Analysis (Part I) In this paper we ask does Earth velocity effects on total solar eclipse? We deal here with the velocity and not the motion That means The question can be as following: If Earth moves by different velocity, can that effect on the eclipse phenomena? Let's think …. Why the total solar eclipse is occurred? Because the moon moves between the sun and Earth…! It's NOT Enough…. Venus moves between the sun and Earth but doesn't cause any solar eclipse…. The point here that we see the sun disc = the moon disc…. That's why when the moon moves between the sun and Earth that creates solar eclipse…. Why we see the moon disc = the sun disc? We have discussed that in (part II) Here we deal with new question… If Earth velocity changes, does it effect on the solar eclipse? Let's think The total solar eclipse is a process done by 3 players (Earth, moon and the sun). to put the three planets on the same straight line we need some configuration between the 3 planets motions to produce the angle 180 degrees between the 3 players… So Earth velocity is a player which faces the 2 other players… any velocity change may effect on the eclipse geometrical structure but to perform the eclipse event the three players have to cooperate with each other… The Concept (Cooperation And Integration) This concept is what I try frequently to explain and prove. Without the cooperation and integration between the planets the solar group can't be found or even can't be created…! The cooperation is the source of life But what's this cooperation? While we understood the unit 1 meter by some meaning, and we understood the unit 1 second by another meaning…so our advanced description (in our mind) prevent us completely to think that 1 second may be very near to 1 meter… these 2 values are not similar or equal by any way..! the time is time and distance is a distance… we keep by heart! But What's The Time? No definition What's the distance? How can I create a distance? From what the distance is created? All such questions have no answers…! That's what I'm trying here to do…let's summarize my idea in following: 1st.The solar group is one machine, each planet is a gear in this same machine and no one planet can move or even can be found alone because each planet is a part in one body or one machine. 2nd.The cooperation between these planets is the source of their lives- that means the solar planets cooperation is started in their data! What does that mean? oThe planet data is created to be cooperative with other planets data and that means we can't see any truth when we study just one planet because this planet is just a part of a whole system – only in the whole system we can see the effect of this data clearly – Eclipse Phenomena is an example. oThe planets data have their definitions, and this is our main difficulty because the imaginary description in our minds which doesn't depend on any planet data prevents us to understand any truth we may reach from the solar planets data analysis- for example – I claim there's a real relationship between Earth and Pluto (Pluto Data Shows a Relationship with Earth) oNo one will accept this claim (Earth Pluto Relationship), of course because the huge distance between both where gravity prevents such relationship to be found… that's my point of fighting…. The imaginary description is the gravity and the distance effect on gravity…! Where the planet data tells clearly there's a relationship, please open your eyes to see it, But we believe the gravity which is trustee more than any eyes…. So we have another argument to fight for …let's write it down here How The Planet Orbital Distance Is Defined? By gravity…the gravitation equation defines the planet orbital distance… ! Let's examine this answer 1st critic / Mercury – Venus – Earth ….. these 3 planets order lead us to conclude that, there's some relationship between the planet diameter and his orbital distance With a clear rule "Greater Diameter needs Greater Orbital Distance" The current theory tells us this is pure coincidences! But There's a similar order (but reversed). Let's see that Jupiter – Saturn – Uranus – Neptune – Pluto The previous order tells us a reversed rule "Greater Diameter needs Shorter Orbital Distance" Something is occurred with Mars which caused the rule to be reversed after Mars! The current theory still consider this second order also as "pure Coincidences" But URANUS DIAMETER IS GREATER THAN NEPTUNE DIAMETER, where NEPTUNE MASS IS GREATER THAN URANUS… That tells us the solar planets order is done Depending On The Diameter And Not On The Mass! disproving the gravity concept …! 2nd Critic/ If the planet moves by gravity, and defines his orbital distance by the gravitation equation, which depends on the masses, why Jupiter isn't in place of Mercury? Why the greatest Mass has no shortest orbital distance? According to the gravitation equation (m/r2)? The told answer is because of the initial points!! And why we accept the gravitation equation based on that if there's no any proof for it?! For myself I try to understand and don't believe deeply the current theory So the conclusions are clear before my eyes 1-There's A Relationship Between The Planet Diameter And His Orbital Distance 2-Mars causes Disturbance For This Relationship It's hard fighting – but for what? What we should do to understand better the solar group geometry? We should see the contradictions between the planet data and the current theory, then we should create an alternative theory (much better theory) to explain the solar planets motions and origin In this paper while we discuss the eclipse phenomena as cover – in fact the fighting is around the Motion and Velocity Definitions
Category: Astrophysics

[379] viXra:1903.0488 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 21:04:39

Division by Zero Calculus in Complex Analysis

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 18 Pages. In this paper, we will introduce the division by zero calculus in complex analysis for one variable at the first stage in order to see the elementary properties.

In this paper, we will introduce the division by zero calculus in complex analysis for one variable at the first stage in order to see the elementary properties.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[378] viXra:1903.0487 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-29 22:05:01

Philosophy of Nature, Universal Field Theory, Natural Cosmology, and Ontological Evolution

Authors: Wei Xu
Comments: 222 Pages.

The fundamental principles of this book are human wisdoms of our ultimate philosophy, scientific theories and empirical knowledge that give birth to Universal Field Theory. Since inauguration, it is now strikingly breaking forth systematically from the philosophy of natural laws to the unification of the entire traditional, classical and contemporary physics, and gracefully representing the triple essences of: 

  1. Laws of universe as Philosophy of Nature, 
  2. Framework of nature as Infrastructure of Universe, 
  3. Hierarchy of horizon structures as Topology of Physics. 

By exploring the profound principles behind the workings of the nature, we abstract each context of the laws philosophically, define their terminologies revelationally, derive the scientific theories mathematically, and testify the “artifacts” empirically, shown by the following approaches. 

Chapter I: Abstracts principles of Philosophy of Nature and reveals secrets of Topology of Universe and Horizon Hierarchy of Worlds, predominantly Laws of YinYang processes and of Event Evolutions. (Designed for philosophers using methodology of “divine inspirations by heart”)

Chapter II: Illustrates how the Infrastructure of Universe is developed as the mathematical framework to carry out Universal Field Equations and give rise to the foundations of physical Horizons. (Designed for scientists using methodology of “research thoughts by brain”)

Chapter III-VII: Testifies why the theory can unify our modern physics, conclude numerous groundbreakings, and declare as Universal Field Theory, prevailing over quantum fields, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, gravitation, cosmology and ontology. (Designed for empiricism using methodology of “controlled experiments by technology”)

Therefore, readers will gain their confidences in development of our future sciences concisely. and effectively with the methodology of 

Philosophy => Scientific Theory <==> Observation and Experiment 


Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[377] viXra:1903.0486 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 22:36:00

Determination of the Fundamental Impedance of Free Space due to Radiation Energy from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Information Horizons

Authors: Ankur S. Bhatt, F.M. Becker
Comments: 10 Pages.

Here, the fundamental constants namely vacuum permeability and permittivity, which comprise the numerical definition of the speed of light in vacuum, are determined. They are found to be composites correlated to Planck’s constant, Wien’s constant and the mass energy of the cosmic microwave background. Derivations for both a new fundamental composite speed of light in vacuum and vacuum impedance are performed. Furthermore, this newly suggested definition is correlated to a confined quantized radiation spectrum of the cosmic particle horizon.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[376] viXra:1903.0485 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 23:14:27

CMS LHC Run 2 Higgs and Truth Quark

Authors: Frank Dodd Tony Smith Jr
Comments: 11 Pages.

CMS histogram for 2016+2017+2018 LHC Run 2 at 13 TeV supports 3 mass states of the Higgs at about 125 GeV, 200 GeV, and 250 GeV with Higgs and Truth Quark forming a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio System. ATLAS (afaik) has not studied the mass range of 200 GeV and 250 GeVsince ATLAS-CONF-2017-058 which saw excess in 2015-2016 13 TeV data around 240 GeV with local significance 3.6 sigma. Fermilab CDF and D0 have, in addition to the Truth Quark 174 GeV state, seen indications of Truth Quark mass states around 130 GeV and 220 GeV but the Fermilab Consensus has dismissed them as statistical fluctuations.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[375] viXra:1903.0484 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 00:32:24

The Matter (In Nature, in Philosophy, in Physics) \\\\\ Материя (в природе, в философии, в физике)

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 26 Pages. In Russian (please learn Russian) Robert Yusupov <©> The matter (in nature, in philosophy, in physics) FEB 11, 2019

The question of matter is the main question of natural science. And he decides in favor of the materiality of nature around us. It is a fact that nature is material and dialectical. This fact is established by the natural science. This is the first step in our knowledge of nature and matter. This is the primary knowledge of nature through our sensory perception. The question of matter is the main question of philosophy. And he decides in favor of the dialectical materialism. At the same time, dialectical materialism in its decision is based on the conclusions and facts of the natural science. But the philosophy of dialectical materialism, based on the facts of the natural sciences, develops its generalized, abstract concept (category) of matter. The concept (category) of a matter is a concept abstracted from the specific content. The abstract concept of matter is the second step in our knowledge of nature, objective reality. This is a secondary, theoretically meaningful knowledge of nature and the matter of nature. This is a higher abstract level of knowledge of nature and matter. The third step in our knowledge of nature, of the material world is the transition from a theoretical-abstract, generalized understanding of nature and matter to a concrete, in-depth knowledge of nature. At this step in the knowledge of nature, we must indicate the concrete manifestation and representation of matter in nature. All of the above is the instructions and recommendations of the philosophy of dialectical materialism and its scientific method - the dialectical materialist method of knowledge. The founder of this method is K. Marx. The author of this article attempted to take this third step towards nature, adhering to the line of dialectical materialism and using the scientific dialectical materialist method of knowledge. The results were astounding. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ В настоящей статье предпринята попытка найти конкретную материю в природе. Материя – это основа, сущность и единственная субстанция природы. Это основное положение научной марксистско-ленинской философии (МЛФ) и её первого раздела диалектического материализма. А категория материи – это основная его категория, понятие. Понятие материи в философии диалектического материализма есть обобщённое, абстрактное представление, идеальный образ, «слепок» с того материального первоначала, прообраза, сущности, что существует в природе. Представляет интерес вопрос о конкретном представлении материи в природе. Это знание нам должны дать естествознание и физика. Но они молчат. Мы пользуемся уже несколько веков заключением, выводом естествознания прошлых лет, что все тела и предметы в природе материальны и состоят, в конечном счёте, из материи. Это правильно, это верно. На этом факте строится и базируется вся научная теория марксистской философии. Но наше понимание и знание природы, её устройства остаётся не полным, без указания на конкретное проявление материи в природе. Научный метод познания природы, общества, мышления, самого процесса познания – это диалектико-материалистический метод познания, созданный К. Марксом. Этот метод ориентирует нас, чтобы мы после обобщённого, абстрактного понимания и осмысления категории, понятия «материя», сделали шаг к конкретному представлению, проявлению материи в природе. Этого шага мы ждём от науки, от физики. Но современная физика находится в рабской зависимости от реакционной философии идеализма. Эта философия абсолютно не признаёт материю, материальность природы, первичность материи и является реальной преградой прогрессу, развитию естествознания и физики. Автор, твёрдо придерживаясь позиции философии диалектического материализма, используя диалектико-материалистический метод познания, нашёл конкретное представление материи в природе. Материя природы представлена пульсирующими квантами материи. Кванты материи – это содержимое элементарных частиц. Ключевые слова: природа, материя, объективная реальность, диалектический материализм, физика, истина, ложь.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[374] viXra:1903.0482 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-08 03:14:19

Ultimate Algorithm for Quantum Computers

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 12 Pages

We first propose herein a novel parallel computation, even though today's algorithm methodology for quantum computing, for all of the combinations of values in variables of a logical function. Our concern so far has been to obtain an attribute of some function. In fact such a task is only for one task problem solving. However, we could treat positively the plural evaluations of some logic function in parallel instead of testing the function for finding out its attribute. In fact, these evaluations of the function are naturally included and evaluated, in parallel, in normal quantum computing discussing a function in a Boolean algebra stemmed from atoms in it. As is naturally understandable with mathematics, quantum computing with qubit systems naturally is included and exemplified by a Boolean algebra, which treats only both 0 and 1. Namely, the theory in this paper is quite natural in logical sense even though physics domain. Therefore, quantum computing has an ability to solve some mathematical problems described in a Boolean algebra. The reason why we positively introduce a Boolean algebra here is because we have multiple evaluations of a function in quantum computing general.
Category: Quantum Physics

[373] viXra:1903.0481 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 05:20:20

Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Action of Biofield Energy Treatment Using Synovial Sarcoma Cell Line (SW982)

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

The aim of the present research investigation was to monitor the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based DMEM medium in a synovial sarcoma cell line (SW982) for evaluation of bone health (anti-rheumatoid arthritis) potential using inflammatory parameter interleukin-8 (IL-8). The test item (DMEM) was divided into two parts. One part was represented as the untreated test item without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other portion was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated test item, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi. MTT assay was used for testing the cell viability and the results showed that the cell viability of SW982 cells was more than 100% with a safe and non-toxic profile. Further, the test item showed a significant (p≤0.001) inhibition of IL-8 secretion by 70.05% under the stimulation of IL-1β in SW982 cells as compared to the untreated DMEM group. Overall, the experimental data revealed the significant potential of the test item against rheumatoid arthritis to reduce inflammation in joints. Thus, it is concluded that Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment significantly inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-8), which showed a potential to act as an anti-rheumatic action in arthritis and other bone inflammatory disorders such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease of bone, rickets, deformed bones, osteomalacia, osteoma, aging, bone loss, and fractures.
Category: Biochemistry

[372] viXra:1903.0480 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 05:20:49

The Effect of Biofield Energy Treated Dmem on the Alp Level in MG-63 Cells: Bone‐Health Biomarker

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The study was initiated to investigate the effect of Biofield Treatment on DMEM medium for bone health in MG-63 cells. The test item, DMEM medium was divided into two parts. The test item received Biofield Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and was labeled as the Biofield Treated DMEM, while the other part did not receive any treatment and denoted as untreated DMEM group. MTT assay showed that cell viability of the test item was more than 77%, which indicate a safe and non-toxic profile of the test items in MG-63 cells. The level of ALP was significantly (p≤0.001) increased by 42.86% in Biofield Treated DMEM compared with untreated DMEM. Overall, data envisaged that the Biofield Treated DMEM would play an important role for the growth of MG-63 cells along with an improved bone health parameter i.e. ALP level, which plays vital role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones. Further, it could be used in numerous bone-related disorders viz. rickets, osteoporosis, deformed bones, Paget’s disease of bone, bone loss and fractures, osteomalacia, bone and/or joint pain, osteoma, hormonal imbalance, stress, and aging.
Category: Biochemistry

[371] viXra:1903.0479 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 05:21:23

In vivo Hair Growth Promotion Efficacy of Biofield Energy Treatment in C57BL/6 Mice

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Hair loss directly impacts people’s social interactions and also affects psychological well-being. Hair fall has been a rising trend nowadays due to dynamic lifestyle and pollution. In this context,the present study was performed to identify the potential of the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test item (mixture of herbal ex-tracts of Phyllantus emblica and Eclipta alba in 1:1 ratio) on the telogen skin of mice for the assessment of haircell growth and development in vivo. The test item was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the untreated test item without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated test item, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi. The study parameters like anagen induction and visual melanogenesis were performed using skin biopsy technique. The experimental results of the untreated and Biofield Energy Treated test item groups showed hair growth with 50% and 60%, respectively on dorsal clipped of skin after topical application. Besides, the Biofield Energy Treated test item group exhibited 60% melanogenesis after biopsy analysis in mice skin at the end of the experiment. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Treatment has the potential for hair growth promotion as evident via increased hair growth and melanogenesis. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment could be useful as a hair growth promoter for various treatments of skin injuries and skin-related disorders like necrotizing fasciitis, actinic keratosis, sebaceous cysts, diaper rash, decubitus ulcer, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

[370] viXra:1903.0478 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 07:25:47

Atom States for Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

A new method allows the quantum state of atomic "qubits"-the basic unit of information in quantum computers-to be measured with twenty times less error than was previously possible, without losing any atoms. [29] Nanoparticles derived from tea leaves inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, destroying up to 80% of them, new research by a joint Swansea University and Indian team has shown. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[369] viXra:1903.0476 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 10:25:50

The Gravitational Quantum Limit of the Inverse Square Law

Authors: Kurt L. Becker
Comments: 8 Pages.

This paper attempts to give a theoretical foundation for the Modified Newtonian Dynamics equations developed by M. Milgrom Ref.1. It will show that there is a cross sectional limit, below which 1/r2 asymptotically changes to 1/r. When the cross section of a distant star falls below the minimum cross section of the geodesics of the paths of gravitons, then the inverse square law is no longer valid. Gravitational attraction then depends on the distance travelled by the gravitons and will result in the force of gravity varying as 1/r. Also, the mass, GM, used in Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation will change to √0. This is due to multiple paths of gravitons merging into one path. Geodesics have very small cross sections which resonate and continuously adjust to changes in space-time.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[368] viXra:1903.0475 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 11:58:07

Before the Big Bang

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

A team of scientists has proposed a powerful new test for inflation, the theory that the universe dramatically expanded in size in a fleeting fraction of a second right after the A signal caused by the very first stars to form in the universe has been picked up by a tiny but highly specialised radio telescope in the remote Western Australian desert. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24]
Category: Astrophysics

[367] viXra:1903.0474 [pdf] replaced on 2019-08-12 05:57:24

Medición de la Velocidad de la Luz en Substancias Distintas Del Aire O el Vacío

Authors: José J. Astorkia
Comments: 8 Pages.

Review of Foucault experiment of 1850 shows that it not probes value of velocity of light in water. Review of experimental facts until now does plausible that velocity of light transmisión were the same in all material media, same like in vacuum. This supposition is in better agreement with current matter standard model. El análisis del experimento de Foucault de 1850 muestra que no puede medir la velocidad de la luz en el agua. Actualmente no hay evidencia experimental de su valor, y de si es distinta que la velocidad en el vacío
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[366] viXra:1903.0470 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 15:47:26

The Mass Occupation Gravitational Theory

Authors: Adham Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Comments: 1 Page. ty

Imagine that you have a heave mass this mass occupies space and then you have a heavier mass of the same volume of the first heavy mass imagine that you increase the energy of the two masses the two masses thus increase in mass per volume ratio and thus increase gravitation you can measure mass to volume ratio gravitational force by getting a light element like hydrogen and a heavier mass such as the heaviest nuclear element and fill a volume(maybe a sphere) totally and fully with both of the two elements separately and each and heat each sphere to the point the element accept no more heat then measure the gravitational force of each of the two volumes with heated balls of similar elements to the point that the balls and the heated heavy element spheres are of G^(1/2) or of root of G
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[365] viXra:1903.0469 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 19:42:42

Modeling Cosmic Expansion, and Possible Inflation, As a Thermodynamic Heat Engine

Authors: Christopher Pilot
Comments: 29 Pages. already published 26.Pilot, C, 2017, Modeling Cosmic Expansion, and Possible Inflation, as a Thermodynamic Heat Engine, https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.04743 Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung A (ZNA) ZNA Vol:74 (2019) iss:01

If we assume a closed universe with slight positive curvature, cosmic expansion can modeled as a heat engine where we define the “system”, collectively, as those regions of space within the observable universe, which will later evolve into voids/ empty space. We identify the “surroundings”, collectively, as those pockets of space, which will eventually develop into matter-filled galaxies, clusters, super-clusters and filament walls. Using this model, we can find the energy needed for cosmic expansion using basic thermodynamic principles, and prove that cosmic expansion had as its origin, a finite initial energy density, pressure, volume, and temperature. Inflation in the traditional sense, with the inflaton field, may also not be required. We will argue that homogeneities and in-homogeneities in the WMAP temperature profile is attributable to quantum mechanical fluctuations about a fixed background temperature in the initial isothermal expansion phase. Fluctuations in temperature can cause certain regions of space to lose heat. Other regions will absorb that heat. The voids are those regions which absorb the heat forcing, i.e., fueling expansion of the latter and creating slightly cooler temperatures in the former, where matter will later congregate. Upon freeze-out, 2 this could produce the observed WMAP signature with its associated CBR fluctuation in magnitude. Finally, we estimate that the freeze-out temperature and the freeze-out time for WMAP in-homogeneities, occurred at roughly 3.02 * 1027 K and 2.54 * 10-35 s, respectively, after first initiation of volume expansion. This is in line with current estimates for the end of the inflationary epoch. The heat input in the inflationary phase is estimated to be Q = 1.81 * 1094 J, and the void volume increases by a factor of only 5.65. The bubble voids in the observable universe increase, collectively, in size from about .046 m3 to .262 m3 within this inflationary period.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[364] viXra:1903.0468 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 19:47:48

Is Quintessence an Indication of a Time-Varying Gravitational Constant?

Authors: Christopher Pilot
Comments: 38 Pages. already published;Pilot, C, 2018, Is Quintessence an Indication of a Time-Varying Gravitational Constant?, https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.06431 , Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology (JHEPGC) JHEPGC Vol 5 No 1 (2019)

A model is presented where the quintessence parameter, w, is related to a time-varying gravitational constant. Assuming a present value of w = -.98, we predict a current variation of Ġ/G = - .06 H0, a value within current observational bounds. H0 is Hubble’s parameter, G is Newton’s constant and Ġ is the derivative of G with respect to time. Thus, G has a cosmic origin, is decreasing with respect to cosmological time, and is proportional to H0, as originally proposed by the Dirac-Jordan hypothesis, albeit at a much slower rate. Within our model, we can explain the cosmological constant fine-tuning problem, the discrepancy between the present very weak value of the cosmological constant, and the much greater vacuum energy found in earlier epochs (we assume a connection exists). To formalize and solidify our model, we give two distinct parametrizations of G with respect to “a”, the cosmic scale parameter. We treat G-1 as an order parameter, which vanishes at high energies; at low temperatures, it reaches a saturation value, a value we are close to today. Our first parametrization for G-1 is motivated by a charging capacitor; the second treats G-1(a) by analogy to a magnetic response, i.e., as a Langevin function. Both parametrizations, even though very distinct, give a remarkably similar tracking behavior for w(a), but not of the conventional form, w(a) = w0 + wa (1-a), which can be thought of as only holding over a limited range in “a”. Interestingly, both parametrizations indicate the onset of G formation at a temperature of approximately 7 *1021 degrees Kelvin, in contrast to the ΛCDM model where G is taken as a constant all the way back to the Planck temperature, 1.42 * 1032 degrees Kelvin. At the temperature of formation, we find that G has increased to roughly 4*1020 times its present value. For most of cosmic evolution, however, our variable G model gives results similar to the predictions of the ΛCDM model, except in the very early universe, as we shall demonstrate. In fact, in the limit where w approaches -1, Ġ/G vanishes, and we are left with the concordance model. Within our framework, the emergence of dark energy over matter at a scale of a ≈ .5 is that point where G-1 increases noticeably to its current value G0-1. This weakening of G to its current value G0 is speculated as the true cause for the observed unanticipated acceleration of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[363] viXra:1903.0467 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 19:52:12

A New Type of Phase Transition Based on the Clausius-Clapeyron Relation Involving a Change in Spatial Dimension

Authors: Christopher Pilot
Comments: 20 Pages. already published:Pilot,C, 2019, A New Type of Phase Transition Based on the Clausius-Clapeyron Relation Involving a Change in Spatial Dimension, Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology (JHEPGC) Vol 5, No 2, 291-309

Using a space filled with black-body radiation, we derive a generalization for the Clausius-Clapeyron relation to account for a phase transition, which involves a change in spatial dimension. We consider phase transitions from dimension of space, , to dimension of space, (−1), and vice versa, from (−1) to -dimensional space. For the former we can calculate a specific release of latent heat, a decrease in entropy, and a change in volume. For the latter, we derive an expression for the absorption of heat, the increase in entropy, and the difference in volume. Total energy is conserved in this transformation process. We apply this model to black-body radiation in the early universe and find that for a transition from = 4 to (−1) = 3, there is an immense decrease in entropy accompanied by a tremendous change in volume, much like condensation. However, unlike condensation, the volume change is not three-dimensional. The volume changes from 4, a four-dimensional construct, to 3, a three-dimensional entity, which can be considered a subspace of 4. As a specific example of how the equation works, we consider a transition temperature of 3∗1027 , and assume, furthermore, that the latent heat release in three-dimensional space is 1.8∗1094 . We find that for this transition, the energy densities, the entropy densities, and the volumes assume the following values (photons only). In four-dimensional space, we obtain, 4=1.15∗10125 −4, 4 = 4.81∗1097 −4 −1, and 4 = 2.14∗10−31 4. In three-dimensional space, we have 3 = 6.13∗1094 −3, 3 = 2.72∗1067 −3 −1, and 3 = .267 3. The subscripts 3 and 4 refer to three-dimensional and four-dimensional quantities, respectively. We speculate, based on the tremendous change in volume, the explosive release of latent heat, and the magnitudes of the other quantities calculated, that this type of transition might have a connection to inflation. With this work, we prove that space, in and of itself, has an inherent energy content. This is so because giving up space releases latent heat, and buying space costs latent heat, which we can quantify. This is in addition to the energy contained within that space due to radiation. We can determine the specific amount of heat exchanged in transitioning between different spatial dimensions with our generalized Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[362] viXra:1903.0466 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 19:56:52

Proof that Spatial Transitions Release/Absorb Energy and that Compactification Necessarily Leads to Changes in Volume, Energy and Entropy

Authors: Christopher Pilot
Comments: 13 Pages. already published:Pilot, C, 2019, Proof That Spatial Transitions Release/Absorb Energy and That Compactification Necessarily Leads to Changes in Volume, Energy and Entropy, Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology (JHEPGC) Vol 5, No

Using simple box quantization, we demonstrate explicitly that a spatial transition will release or absorb energy, and that compactification releases latent heat with an attendant change in volume and entropy. Increasing spatial dimension for a given number of particles costs energy while decreasing dimensions supplies energy, which can be quantified, using a generalized version of the Clausius-Clapyeron relation. We show this explicitly for massive particles trapped in a box. Compactification from -dimensional space to (−1) spatial dimensions is also simply demonstrated and the correct limit to achieve a lower energy result is to take the limit,  0 , where is the compactification length parameter. Higher dimensional space has more energy and more entropy, all other things being equal, for a given cutoff in energy.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[361] viXra:1903.0465 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 22:04:54

Solving the Mystery of Dark Energy

Authors: Tom Fuchs
Comments: 2 Pages.

I show how stars can accelerate away from us in the absence of dark energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[360] viXra:1903.0464 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-28 08:32:43

1/0 = 0/0 = Refuted!

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 5 Pages. Copyright © 2019 by Ilija Baruk�?ić, Jever, Germany. All rights reserved. Published by: Ilija Baruk�?ić "The Interior Logic of Inequalities" IJMTT, 65 (7) (2019): 146-155. doi: 10.14445/22315373/IJMTT-V65I7P524

Saitho’s equality (1/0)=(0/0) is self-contradictory and refuted.
Category: Number Theory

[359] viXra:1903.0463 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 02:53:15

Atlantis in Daniel 2 & 7; Nebuchanedzar’s Dream and Daniel’s Vision Versus Plato’s Atlantis Story

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 1 Page.

Plato's Atlantis story has a Biblical counterfeit in the mysterious dreams and visions in Daniel 2 & 7. - by Leon Elshout, 27 march 2019, roodgoudvanparvaim.nl (aurichalcum2018 (at) protonmail.com
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[358] viXra:1903.0462 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 02:55:55

No-Cloning Theorem, Kochen-Specker Theorem, and Quantum Measurement Theories

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura, Ahmed Farouk, Do Ngoc Diep
Comments: 6 Pages. International Journal of Theoretical Physics (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-019-04078-8

The usual no-cloning theorem implies that two quantum states are identical or orthogonal if we allow a cloning to be on the two quantum states. Here, we investigate a relation between the no-cloning theorem and the projective measurement theory that the results of measurements are either $+1$ or $-1$. We introduce the Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem with the projective measurement theory. We result in the fact that the two quantum states under consideration cannot be orthogonal if we avoid the KS contradiction. Thus the no-cloning theorem implies that the two quantum states under consideration are identical in the case. It turns out that the KS theorem with the projective measurement theory says a new version of the no-cloning theorem. Next, we investigate a relation between the no-cloning theorem and the measurement theory based on the truth values that the results of measurements are either $+1$ or $0$. We return to the usual no-cloning theorem that the two quantum states are identical or orthogonal in the case.
Category: Quantum Physics

[357] viXra:1903.0461 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 05:43:26

On the Way to a Foundation of Mathematics, Version 7.3

Authors: Thomas Limberg
Comments: 9 Pages. Language: German.

Like the title already tells, it is my goal to create a new foundation of mathematics. In this mathematical article we define the term "mathematical system" and introduce a simple mathematical system called System 1.1, in which a proof sketch of a proof of the existence of the universal set and the empty set within the system is made.
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[356] viXra:1903.0460 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-25 10:12:00

Quantum Boost Engine

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

An international team of researchers has measured a quantum power increase in a quantum boost engine for the first time. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19] It's well-known that when a quantum system is continuously measured, it freezes, i.e., it stops changing, which is due to a phenomenon called the quantum Zeno effect. [18] Physicists have extended one of the most prominent fluctuation theorems of classical stochastic thermodynamics, the Jarzynski equality, to quantum field theory. [17]
Category: Quantum Physics

[355] viXra:1903.0459 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-25 10:54:34

Fail-Safe DNA Repair

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Single-molecule fluorescent measurements provide fresh insights into a process for keeping errors out of our genomes. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[354] viXra:1903.0457 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-25 11:32:26

Engineering Cellular Function

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Genes in living cells are activated – or not – by proteins called transcription factors. The mechanisms by which these proteins activate certain genes and deactivate others play a fundamental role in many biological processes. [23] Single-molecule fluorescent measurements provide fresh insights into a process for keeping errors out of our genomes. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[353] viXra:1903.0456 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-25 11:55:19

General Relativity Supermassive Test

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

A key aspect of Einstein’s general theory of relativity (GR) has been tested using the strongest gravitational field so far. The measurement was made by observing changes in optical absorption lines of a star orbiting close to Sagittarius A* – the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way. [11] Scientists at the University of British Columbia have proposed a radical new theory to explain the exponentially increasing size of the universe. [10]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[352] viXra:1903.0455 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-25 12:36:00

Individual Cells Control Their Size

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

A new study by University of Pennsylvania post-doc Farshid Jafarpour from the Department of Physics & Astronomy, who works in the lab of Andrea Liu, reveals that variations in generation times don't accumulate over multiple generations in single-celled organisms, like bacteria. [24] Genes in living cells are activated – or not – by proteins called transcription factors. The mechanisms by which these proteins activate certain genes and deactivate others play a fundamental role in many biological processes. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

[351] viXra:1903.0454 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-25 13:04:26

Is the Recession of Galaxies Phenomenon a Proof that the Structure of Reality Differs from the Currently Accepted One?

Authors: Witold Nawrot
Comments: 4 Pages.

A new, incredibly simple justification of the Hubble’s law, which results from the recently published alternative model of reality, suggests that the shape of reality can be different than it has been assumed until now.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[350] viXra:1903.0453 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-25 14:20:17

Origin of the Russian Words

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -

Initial simple words can be formed in pairs in the form of the localdenial called by a contradiction, that is the return pronunciation.
Category: Linguistics

[349] viXra:1903.0452 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-01 18:31:42

Are Black Holes 4-D Spatial Balls Filled with Black Body Radiation? Generalization of the Stefan-Boltzmann Law and Young-Laplace Relation for Spatial Radiative Transfers

Authors: Christopher Pilot
Comments: 40 Pages. This is a revised version of viXra:19030452

This is the first paper in a two part series on black holes. In this work, we concern ourselves with the event horizon. A second follow-up paper will deal with its internal structure. We hypothesize that black holes are spatial 4-dimensional, steady state, self-contained spheres filled with black-body radiation. As such, the event horizon marks the boundary between two adjacent spaces, 4-D and 3-D, and there, we consider the radiative transfers involving black-body photons. We generalize the Stefan-Boltzmann law assuming that photons can transition between different dimensional spaces, and we can show how for a 3-D/4-D interface, one can only have zero, or net positive, transfer of radiative energy into the black hole. We find that we can predict the temperature just inside the event horizon, on the 4-D side, given the mass, or radius, of the black hole. For an isolated black hole with no radiative heat inflow, we will assume that the temperature, on the outside, is the CMB temperature, T_2=2.725 K. We take into account the full complement of radiative energy, which for a black body will consist of internal energy density, radiative pressure, and entropy density. It is specifically the entropy density which is responsible for the heat flowing in. We also generalize the Young-Laplace equation for a 4-D/3-D interface. We derive an expression for the surface tension, and prove that it is necessarily positive, and finite, for a 4-D/3-D membrane. This is important as it will lead to an inherently positively curved object, which a black hole is. With this surface tension, we can determine the work needed to expand the black hole. We give two formulations, one involving the surface tension directly, and the other involving the coefficient of surface tension. Because two surfaces are expanding, the 4-D and the 3-D surfaces, there are two radiative contributions to the work done, one positive, which assists expansion, and the other negative, which will resist the expansion. The 4-D side promotes expansion whereas the 3-D side hinders it. At the surface itself, we also have gravity, which is the major contribution to the finite surface tension in almost all situations, which we calculate in the second paper. The surface tension depends not only on the size, or mass, of the black hole, but also on the outside surface temperature, quantities which are accessible observationally. Outside surface temperature will also determine inflow. Finally, we develop a “waterfall model” for a black hole, based on what happens at the event horizon. There we find a sharp discontinuity in temperature upon entering the event horizon, from the 3-D side. This is due to the increased surface area in 4-D space, A_R^((4))=2π^2 R^3, versus the 3-D surface area, A_R^((3))=4πR^2. This leads to much reduced radiative pressures, internal energy densities, and total energy densities just inside the event horizon. All quantities are explicitly calculated in terms of the outside surface temperature, and size of a black hole. Any net radiative heat inflow into the black hole, if it is non-zero, is restricted by the condition that, 0<1/c dQ/dt<4 F_R^((3)), where, F_R^((3)), is the 3-D radiative force applied to the event horizon, pushing it in. We argue throughout this paper that a 3-D/3-D interface would not have the same desirable characteristics as a 4-D/3-D interface. This includes allowing for only zero or net positive heat inflow into the black hole, an inherently positive finite radiative surface tension, much reduced temperatures just inside the event horizon, and limits on inflow.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[348] viXra:1903.0451 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-03 11:42:46

On the Internal Structure of a Black Hole Utilizing a 4-D Spatial Blackbody Radiation Model

Authors: Christopher Pilot
Comments: 54 Pages. This is a revised version of viXra:19030451

A black hole is treated as a self-contained, steady state, spherically symmetric, 4-dimensional spatial ball filled with blackbody radiation, which is embedded in 3-D space. To model the interior distribution of radiation, we invoke two stellar-like equations, generalized to 4-D space, and a probability distribution function (pdf) for the actual radiative mass distribution within its interior. For our purposes we choose a truncated Gaussian distribution, although other pdf’s with support, r ϵ [0,R], are possible. The variable, r=r^((4)), refers to the 4-D radius within the black hole. To fix the coefficients, (μ,σ), associated with this distribution, we choose the mode to equal zero, which will give maximum energy density at the center of the black hole. This fixes the parameter, μ=0. Our black hole does not have a singularity at the center, and, moreover, it is well-behaved within its volume. The rip or tear in the space-time continuum occurs at the event horizon, as shown in a previous work, because it is there that we transition from 3-D space to 4-D space. For the shape parameter, σ, we make use of the temperature just inside the event horizon, which is determined by the mass, or radius, of the black hole. The amount of radiative heat inflow depends on mass, or radius, and temperature, T_2≥2.725 K, where, T_2 , is the temperature just outside the event horizon. Among the interesting consequences of this model is that the entropy, S^((4)), can be calculated as an extrinsic, versus intrinsic, variable, albeit in 4-D space. It is found that S^((4)) is much less than the comparable Bekenstein result. It also scales not as, R^2, where R is the radius of the black hole. Rather, it is given by an expression involving the lower incomplete gamma function, γ(s,x), and interestingly, scales with a more complicated function of radius. Thus, within our framework, the black hole is a highly-ordered state, in sharp contrast to current consensus. Moreover, the model-dependent gravitational “constant” in 4-D space, G_r^((4)), can be determined, and this will depend on radius. For the specific pdf chosen, G_r^((4)) M_r=.1〖 c〗^2 (r^4/σ^2), where M_r is the enclosed radiative mass of the black hole, up to, and including, radius r. At the event horizon, where, r=R, this reduces to G_R^((4))=.2 G〖 R〗^3/σ^2, due to the Schwarzschild relation between mass and radius. The quantity, G, is Newton’s constant. There is a sharp discontinuity in gravitational strength at the 3-D/4-D interface, identified as the event horizon, which we show. The 3-D and 4-D gravitational potentials, however, can be made to match at the interface. This lines up with previous work done by the author where a discontinuity between 3-D and 4-D quantities is required in order to properly define a positive-definite radiative surface tension at the event horizon. We generalize Gauss’ law in 4-D space as this will enable us to find the strength of gravity at any radius within the spherically symmetric, 4-D black hole. For the pdf chosen, g_r^((4))=G_r^((4)) M_r/r^3=.1 c^2 r/σ^2, a remarkably simple and elegant result. Finally, we show that the work required to assemble the black hole against radiative pressure, which pushes out, is equal to, .1 M_R c^2. This factor of .1 is specific to 4-D space.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[347] viXra:1903.0450 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 00:00:27

In Vitro Assessment of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on Hair Growth by Enhanced Proliferation of Human Follicular Dermal Papilla Cells (HFDPCs)

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Patterned hair loss or androgenic alopecia is a disorder affecting millions of peoples, in which hair sheds without ad-equate regrowth. Authors propose a new approach to increase hair growth. In this study, authors examined the in vitro potential of the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test items, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) on the Human Follicular Dermal Papilla Culture Cells (HFDPC) for the assessment of growth and develop-ment. The test items (DMEM) were divided into three parts. First part did not receive any sort of treatment and defined as the untreated DMEM group. The second and third parts were treated with the one-time and two-times Biofield Energy Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and coded as the one-time Biofield Energy Treated DMEM (BT-I) and two-times Biofield Energy Treated DMEM (BT-II) groups, respectively. The Biofield Energy Heal-ing Treatment was provided by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer (The Trivedi Effect®), remotely for ~5 minutes un-der standard laboratory conditions through unique energy transmission process. The experimental results showed that one-time Biofield Energy Treated DMEM showed 70.24% and two-times Biofield Energy Treated DMEM significantly (p ≤ 0.001) increased the proliferation of dermal papilla cells by 207.62% as compared to the untreated DMEM group. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment significantly increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells in vitro. Therefore, the Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment might be useful as a hair growth promoter in vivo against different types of skin injuries, hair disorders, and opens new research venues.
Category: Biochemistry

[346] viXra:1903.0447 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-09 03:47:22

Black Hole Creation and Destruction of the Cyclic Conscious Multiverse.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 43 Pages.

Quantum FFF Theory is based on a new string particle model called “rigid transformable string”, which is able to generate topologies of all possible sub quantum particles, needed to fill a supersymmetric standard model and beyond. The mother particle is called “Axion Higgs” and has the form of a ring, able to rotate internally by three hinges into electron and positron propeller shapes, into 1x Graviton, 5x monopole Photons or Gluons and 6x Neutrinos. The Axion Higgs ring particle is assumed to fill all space with an oscillating chiral tetrahedral Planck lattice, inside all Universal bubbles of the raspberry shaped multiverse. Most Leptons and Quarks are assumed to be complex knots of one or more propeller electron/positrons combined with one or more Gluon/Photons. Black hole nuclei are assumed to be complex particle knots with the 123.5 to 375 GeV Higgs bosons as unstable base adding up to stable nuclei of Super Massive Black Holes located in the Galaxy centers and at the end adding up to the Big Crunch black hole nucleus. At all black hole horizon shells, the oscillating Axion Higgs vacuum is forced by collision to create Electron Positron pairs. The chirality of the vacuum lattice seems to be the origin of the natural creation of positive charged Quark knots leaving the negative singular Electrons apart in an external shell, which is assumed to be the reason that all black holes ( inside our material universe) are negative charged.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[345] viXra:1903.0445 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 05:34:58

New Class of Pentaquarks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Tomasz Skwarnicki, professor of physics in the College of Arts and Sciences at Syracuse University, has uncovered new information about a class of particles called pentaquarks. [30] Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory officially broke ground March 15 on a major new particle accelerator project that will power cutting-edge physics experiments for many decades to come. [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[344] viXra:1903.0444 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 06:00:02

Quantum Splinters and Matter Waves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Physicists in the United States, Austria and Brazil have shown that shaking ultracold Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) can cause them to either divide into uniform segments or shatter into unpredictable splinters, depending on the frequency of the shaking. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29] Engineers at MIT and Penn State University have found that under the right conditions, ordinary clear water droplets on a transparent surface can produce brilliant colors, without the addition of inks or dyes. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[343] viXra:1903.0443 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 06:49:02

Listening to the Quantum Vacuum

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Since the historic finding of gravitational waves from two black holes colliding over a billion light years away was made in 2015, physicists are advancing knowledge about the limits on the precision of the measurements that will help improve the next generation of tools and technology used by gravitational wave scientists. [31] Physicists in the United States, Austria and Brazil have shown that shaking ultracold Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) can cause them to either divide into uniform segments or shatter into unpredictable splinters, depending on the frequency of the shaking. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29] Engineers at MIT and Penn State University have found that under the right conditions, ordinary clear water droplets on a transparent surface can produce brilliant colors, without the addition of inks or dyes. [28]
Category: Astrophysics

[342] viXra:1903.0441 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-24 06:34:45

Music and Diagnostic Imaging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

Did you know that music and diagnostic imaging have something in common? Sounds have a lower or higher pitch depending on the size of the object that creates them. [37] DESY and MPSD scientists have created high-order harmonics from solids with controlled polarization states, taking advantage of both crystal symmetry and attosecond electronic dynamics. [36] Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28]
Category: Physics of Biology

[341] viXra:1903.0440 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-24 06:44:05

Onium Hamiltonian & Quantum Separability

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 14 Pages.

The existence of a disentangling mathematical transformation of wave function in a Coulomb entangled state of charged molecular radicals, reveals a new chapter to the Einstein- Schrodinger discussion about entanglement.
Category: Chemistry

[340] viXra:1903.0439 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-24 07:13:24

Polar Complex Integers

Authors: Yuly Shipilevsky
Comments: 7 Pages.

We introduce a special class of complex numbers, wherein their absolute values and arguments given in a polar coordinate system are integers and we introduce the corresponding class of the Optimization Problems: "Polar Complex Integer Optimization
Category: Number Theory

[339] viXra:1903.0438 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-24 07:40:41

Computational Study Pathogens

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

A sophisticated new analysis tool developed by Florida State University scientists may signal a new era in the study of population genetics. [38] Did you know that music and diagnostic imaging have something in common? Sounds have a lower or higher pitch depending on the size of the object that creates them. [37] DESY and MPSD scientists have created high-order harmonics from solids with controlled polarization states, taking advantage of both crystal symmetry and attosecond electronic dynamics. [36] Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29]
Category: Physics of Biology

[338] viXra:1903.0437 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-24 08:17:36

Optical Tweezers with X-rays

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

"With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[337] viXra:1903.0436 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-24 08:50:34

Coffee-Based Solar Absorption

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Solar energy is one of the most promising resources to help reduce fossil fuel consumption and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions to power a sustainable future. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[336] viXra:1903.0435 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-24 09:14:53

Tool Boxes with Heavyweight Data

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

A free, open-source toolkit to help researchers deal with data management overload has been devised by the John Innes Centre Informatics team. [43] A new computer program that spots when information in a quantum computer is escaping to unwanted states will give users of this promising technology the ability to check its reliability without any technical knowledge for the first time. [42] With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits – bits of quantum information. [41]
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[335] viXra:1903.0434 [pdf] replaced on 2019-06-01 17:01:51

A Few Thoughts on the Modus Operandi of Astronomers and Physicists

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 4 Pages.

This paper is to explain that astronomers and physicists do not need to deceive with intention (lie), to perpetuate a deception regarding information they teach their students. The case stands, deception can be taught as factual information and be protected by the peer review system as if it were true. This means the scientific method and peer review system over the short term of a few decades has shown to be enormously fallible. As well, academics M.O. or Modus Operandi is not suited for detecting deception or seeing the big picture. A working paradigm where the deception is the paradigm can even occur, which poisons all research. Explanation is provided.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[334] viXra:1903.0432 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-24 23:28:16

Division by Zero Calculus and Singular Integrals

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 10 Pages. In this paper, we will show a very interesting interpretation of singular integrals by the division by zero calculus. This may be considered as the basic relation of ZERO and INFINITY through integrals. Furthermore, we will see a similar nature of singula

What are the singular integrals? Singular integral equations are presently encountered in a wide range of mathematical models, for instance in acoustics, fluid dynamics, elasticity and fracture mechanics. Together with these models, a variety of methods and applications for these integral equations has been developed. In this paper, we will give the interpretation for the Hadamard finite part of singular integrals by means of the division by zero calculus.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[333] viXra:1903.0429 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-25 04:20:29

On the Wave Motion and Inertial Mass of Quantum Particles

Authors: Vu B Ho
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this work we will discuss the possibility that if a quantum particle possesses a fluid state, as shown in our work on the fluid state of Dirac quantum particles, then the motion of the physical particle in an ambient space may be directly related to its fluid state and therefore it can be explained in terms of the wave motion of physical objects that move in a substrate space with the mechanism similar to that of peristaltic locomotion. In particular, we will also discuss the possibility that the so-called inertial mass of a particle in classical physics may be identified as a form of gripping connection between the particle and the substrate, which is the ambient space itself, that is needed for a particle to move in space. This is similar to a tight grip that is needed for a physical object to move on a surface.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[332] viXra:1903.0427 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 17:20:03

Locard's Exchange Principle and Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages.

The single greatest contribution the theory of detection and criminology was provided by Edmond Locard, as his Exchange Principle. It is the notion that the perpetuator (nature or animal) always leaves some physical evidence at the crime scene, or event, and simultaneously takes some evidence away. This is to show that not all evidence will be immediately available, unless it can be interpreted in a light that makes sense and is congruous to the other facts presented. This is to mean that Nature and/or animal will always leave their signature on the event and are, in turn, contaminated by it. Explanation is provided to tie in the general theory of stellar metamorphosis to Locard's Exchange Principle.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[331] viXra:1903.0426 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 21:57:40

Thought Experiment On General Relativity

Authors: Ravindra Sidramappa Mundase
Comments: 2 Pages.

We will discuss the gravitational force between two black holes by using the fundamental concept of general relativity and test whether it is correct or not. This discussion is based on two black holes. We will check the validity of the concept of space-time curvature.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[330] viXra:1903.0424 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 09:29:24

Contextual Transformation of Short Text for Improved Classifiability

Authors: Anirban Chatterjee, Smaranya Dey, Uddipto Dutta
Comments: 5 Pages.

Text classification is the task of automatically sorting a set of documents into predefined set of categories. This task has several applications including separating positive and negative product reviews by customers, automated indexing of scientific articles, spam filtering and many more. What lies at the core of this problem is to extract features from text data which can be used for classification. One of the common techniques to address this problem is to represent text data as low dimensional continuous vectors such that the semantically unrelated data are well separated from each other. However, sometimes the variability along various dimensions of these vectors is irrelevant as they are dominated by various global factors which are not specific to the classes we are interested in. This irrelevant variability often causes difficulty in classification. In this paper, we propose a technique which takes the initial vectorized representation of the text data through a process of transformation which amplifies relevant variability and suppresses irrelevant variability and then employs a classifier on the transformed data for the classification task. The results show that the same classifier exhibits better accuracy on the transformed data than the initial vectorized representation of text data.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[329] viXra:1903.0423 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 10:17:19

Induced Dipoles Damp Plasmons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

The light scattered by plasmonic nanoparticles is useful, but some of it gets lost at the surface and scientists are now starting to figure out why. [37] In a new review, researchers have described the fundamental physics that causes magnetoelectricity from a theoretical viewpoint. [36] Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27]
Category: Condensed Matter

[328] viXra:1903.0422 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 10:58:05

Laser-Induced Electron Avalanche

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

By using an infrared laser beam to induce a phenomenon known as an electron avalanche breakdown near the material, the new technique is able to detect shielded material from a distance. [38] The light scattered by plasmonic nanoparticles is useful, but some of it gets lost at the surface and scientists are now starting to figure out why. [37] In a new review, researchers have described the fundamental physics that causes magnetoelectricity from a theoretical viewpoint. [36] Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[327] viXra:1903.0421 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 11:17:49

Integration Technique Using Laplace Transforms. a Generalized Form of the Dirichlet Integral.

Authors: Federico Espil
Comments: 9 Pages.

The problem of integration technique over integrands of the form f(t)/t^n, can be solved by differentiation(n times) by using Leibniz's rule to get rid of t^n, that leads to integrate back (n times) to end the game which it's harder than the original problem.This work focuses on the derivation of the formula (Espil's theorem) which is a perfect tool to avoid that hard task. It allows to change the difficult n iterated integrals into a more outstanding easier problem which consists of n -1 derivatives.The Espil's theorem is a generalization of the Dirichlet integral. 
Category: Functions and Analysis

[326] viXra:1903.0420 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 11:36:07

Heuer's "Review of Biases and Their Implications for Deception" and Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 9 Pages.

Perceptual biases, biases in estimating probabilities, and biases in evaluating evidence are presented with their implications concerning the continuation of modern astronomical/astrophysical deception. For new readers, it has been discovered that planets are older stars (planets and stars are the same objects), yet the biases plaguing astronomers and astrophysicists continue to keep the deception that a planet is something mutually exclusive of star, indefinitely. The outline is from Richards J. Heuer, Jr., "Cognitive Factors in Deception and Counterdeception," in Daniel & Herbig (1982), 62-63, and the experience portion is my own.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[325] viXra:1903.0419 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 11:42:35

On the General Solution for the Quintic Duffing Oscillator Equation

Authors: J. Akande, D. K. K. Adjaï, Y. J. F. Kpomahou, M. D. Monsia
Comments: 4 pages

This paper shows for the first time that exact and general solution for the quintic Duffing oscillator equation may be computed in a straightforward manner within the framework of the generalized Sundman transformation theory introduced recently by authors of this work. A major advantage of the applied method is that it intimately relates such an oscillator equation to the quadratic anharmonic oscillator equation with well-known exact solutions.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[324] viXra:1903.0418 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 11:58:35

Organic Materials for Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Organic electronics have the potential to revolutionize technology with their high cost-efficiency and versatility compared with more commonly used inorganic electronics. [39] By using an infrared laser beam to induce a phenomenon known as an electron avalanche breakdown near the material, the new technique is able to detect shielded material from a distance. [38] The light scattered by plasmonic nanoparticles is useful, but some of it gets lost at the surface and scientists are now starting to figure out why. [37] In a new review, researchers have described the fundamental physics that causes magnetoelectricity from a theoretical viewpoint. [36]
Category: Condensed Matter

[323] viXra:1903.0417 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 12:20:33

Solar Cells Buttering Bread

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

"This means that we now have a method for the production of high-quality films for perovskite solar cells using an industrially scalable technique." [40] Organic electronics have the potential to revolutionize technology with their high cost-efficiency and versatility compared with more commonly used inorganic electronics. [39] By using an infrared laser beam to induce a phenomenon known as an electron avalanche breakdown near the material, the new technique is able to detect shielded material from a distance. [38] The light scattered by plasmonic nanoparticles is useful, but some of it gets lost at the surface and scientists are now starting to figure out why. [37] In a new review, researchers have described the fundamental physics that causes magnetoelectricity from a theoretical viewpoint. [36] Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[322] viXra:1903.0416 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 12:35:56

Machine Learning about Earth

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

"You could imagine someone training a many-layer, deep neural network to do earthquake prediction-and then not testing the method in a way that properly validates its predictive value." [27] Oceanographers studying the physics of the global ocean have long found themselves facing a conundrum: Fluid dynamical balances can vary greatly from point to point, rendering it difficult to make global generalizations. [26] The analysis of sensor data of machines, plants or buildings makes it possible to detect anomalous states early and thus to avoid further damage. [25] Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[321] viXra:1903.0414 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-22 08:17:02

Spin Dances with Dipole

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

In a new review, researchers have described the fundamental physics that causes magnetoelectricity from a theoretical viewpoint. [36] Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27]
Category: Condensed Matter

[320] viXra:1903.0412 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-22 08:46:46

Faster and Simpler Deep Learning

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Artificial intelligence systems based on deep learning are changing the electronic devices that surround us. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[319] viXra:1903.0411 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-22 09:10:24

Stem Cells are not Created Equal

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Researchers from the University of Toronto's Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME) and the Donnelly Centre have discovered a population of cells – dubbed to be "elite" – that play a key role in the process of transforming differentiated cells into stem cells. [26] Researchers at A*STAR have compared six data-analysis processes and come up with a clear winner in terms of speed, quality of analysis and reliability. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

[318] viXra:1903.0409 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-22 11:29:29

Soft and Hard Liberation of Compact Lie Groups

Authors: Teo Banica
Comments: 12 Pages.

We investigate the liberation question for the compact Lie groups, by using various ``soft'' and ``hard'' methods, based respectively on joint generation with a free quantum group, and joint generation with a free torus. The soft methods extend the ``easy'' methods, notably by covering groups like $SO_N,SU_N$, and the hard methods partly extend the soft methods, notably by covering the real and complex tori themselves.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[317] viXra:1903.0408 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-22 11:40:10

Taming the Light Screw

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

DESY and MPSD scientists have created high-order harmonics from solids with controlled polarization states, taking advantage of both crystal symmetry and attosecond electronic dynamics. [36] Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[316] viXra:1903.0407 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-19 12:19:34

Gravitational Index of Refraction

Authors: D.H.W. Reffer
Comments: 4 Pages. Replacement of the General Theory of Relativity

Henceforth the fact is admitted as an axiom that all bodies in the universe set up gravitationally the universal optical medium, named gravitational ether, whose strength—from which we derive its index of refraction—is the sum of all relative-velocity dependent gravitational potentials, hence both nonuniform in space and changing in time as bodies move. Besides, Einstein’s E = mc 2 is of gravitational cosmological nature, including pure Newtonian.
Category: Astrophysics

[315] viXra:1903.0405 [pdf] replaced on 2020-09-26 14:44:24

The Iron/Nickel Cores of Ancient Stars as Leftover Catalyst

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages. 4 references

It is explained that the iron/nickel cores of ancient stars (mislabeled planet/exoplanet) are composed of unconsumed catalyst used in the chemical reactions required to form many chemical compounds found on rocky highly evolved stars. As well, it explains why only specific elements are found with the iron/nickel composites, it is because they are also function as catalysts, such as platinum, copper and gallium, which can be unconsumed in the process.
Category: Astrophysics

[314] viXra:1903.0403 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 08:25:56

Machine Learning World's Oceans

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Oceanographers studying the physics of the global ocean have long found themselves facing a conundrum: Fluid dynamical balances can vary greatly from point to point, rendering it difficult to make global generalizations. [26] The analysis of sensor data of machines, plants or buildings makes it possible to detect anomalous states early and thus to avoid further damage. [25] Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[313] viXra:1903.0402 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 08:55:43

Optical Force in Human Red Blood

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

New photonic tools for medical imaging can be used to understand the nonlinear behavior of laser light in human blood for theranostic applications. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[312] viXra:1903.0401 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 09:22:56

Microscope Captures Group of Neurons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Researchers have developed a microscope specifically for imaging large groups of interacting cells in their natural environments. [28] New photonic tools for medical imaging can be used to understand the nonlinear behavior of laser light in human blood for theranostic applications. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[311] viXra:1903.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 09:43:07

What Means Expression "At Summer from Creation of the World"?

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -

Old calendar designation of datings where "summer" means year, and "creation of the world" – a reference mark. In the assumption of existence of the state, in which only and perhaps continuous chronology.
Category: Linguistics

[310] viXra:1903.0399 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 10:13:06

Kol I Marken

Authors: Magnus Carlsson
Comments: 1 Page.

A mixture of black carbon and manure is more pleasant to handle than manure alone. Furthermore, usage of this product sequesters carbon.
Category: Climate Research

[309] viXra:1903.0398 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 10:28:41

Schrodinger’s Cat is Neither Alive Nor Dead

Authors: Sunil Thakur
Comments: 17 Pages.

In this paper, we have analyzed a movie recorded by a team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to show that the quantum states are real, but not physical. We have then analyzed some natural phenomena to show that this observation applies to all the physical entities. Physical form is only a manifestation of a non-physical entity that has its own unique set of potential properties that it can manifest in physical form. The manifestation of the physical entities is observer dependent. An act of observation manifests a physical entity; it does not create it. We have also shown that we live in a non-physical world in which all the phenomena are mere manifestations.
Category: Quantum Physics

[308] viXra:1903.0397 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 11:12:00

Why There's More Matter than Antimatter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

This is arguably the most profound question there is and one that may seem completely outside the scope of particle physics. But our new experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider has taken us a step closer to figuring it out. [28] The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27] Positronium atoms, which consist of an electron and a positron, are one type of antimatter atoms being considered to test whether antimatter falls at the same rate as matter in Earth's gravitational field. [26]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[307] viXra:1903.0396 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 11:37:13

Light Behaves like Magnet

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[306] viXra:1903.0395 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 14:20:50

Bio-Electromagnetic Weapons

Authors: Frank H. Makinson
Comments: 3 Pages.

The first use of a bio-electromagnetic weapon in warfare began about 1000 years ago, but the creators of that weapon were unaware of the term electromagnetic and its contribution to the unseen biological damage it was causing to the human subjects. The thousand year old weapon was the creation of the black powder chemical explosion. A Los Alamos National Laboratory report stated, “The emission of electromagnetic radiation from a chemical explosion is well established.” It is not just the light produced but the broadband electromagnetic radiation. Similar biological damage can be caused by various types of radio transmitters that radiate their emissions into the atmosphere.
Category: Physics of Biology

[305] viXra:1903.0394 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 17:23:43

In Ferent Quantum Gravity there Are 3 Universes: the Dark Matter Universe, the Matter Universe and the Spiritual Universe

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 326 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

In Ferent Quantum Gravity there are 3 Universes: the Dark Matter universe, the Matter universe and the Spiritual universe. “Because there are 3 walls, there are 3 Universes: the Dark Matter universe, the Matter universe and the Spiritual universe.” Adrian Ferent “In our Universe at Ferent wall emerged the Dark Matter universe, at Planck wall emerged the Matter universe and at Spiritual wall emerged the Spiritual universe.” Adrian Ferent “I discovered that: a < h < s” Adrian Ferent “In our Universe at Ferent wall emerged the Dark Matter universe, at Planck wall inside the Dark Matter universe emerged the Matter universe and at Spiritual wall inside the Matter universe emerged the Spiritual universe.” Adrian Ferent “The Dark Matter universe is much bigger than the Matter universe and the Matter universe is much bigger than the Spiritual universe.” Adrian Ferent “We live in 3 universes: the Dark Matter universe, the Matter universe and the Spiritual universe” Adrian Ferent Multiverse represents multiple domains in the universe with different properties. Here multiverse means multiple universes, means multiple contiguous domains within a larger universe, each with different properties such as different values of the physical parameters and different structures. Our universe is an island where the parameters, the space have enough complexity, to lead to a fascinating world, with forms of life. Our universe is the Planck universe. Ferent Quantum Gravity theory explains what happened at Ferent wall and after the expansion of the Universe attains the Ferent wall. There are 3 walls: the Ferent wall, the Planck wall and the Spiritual wall. “There are 3 walls in our Universe: the Ferent wall with the constant ‘a’, the Planck wall with the constant ‘h’ and the Spiritual wall with the constant ‘s’.” Adrian Ferent The most general form of the time-dependent Ferent equation of the Universe. “Ferent equation of the material and spiritual Universe:” Adrian Ferent “I discovered that: a < h < s” Adrian Ferent “In our Universe at Ferent wall emerged Dark Matter, at Planck wall emerged Matter and at Spiritual wall emerged Spiritual Matter.” Adrian Ferent “Because there are 3 walls, there are 3 Universes: the Dark Matter universe, the Matter universe and the Spiritual universe.” Adrian Ferent “In our Universe at Ferent wall emerged the Dark Matter universe, at Planck wall emerged the Matter universe and at Spiritual wall emerged the Spiritual universe.” Adrian Ferent The Universe as a quantum system! The time-dependent Ferent equation of the Universe, which gives a description of the Universe as quantum system, made of Matter, N elementary particles, Dark Matter, M elementary particles, and Spiritual Matter, L elementary particles, evolving in time. “Ferent equation of the material and spiritual Universe:” Adrian Ferent This means: “In our Universe at Ferent wall emerged the Dark Matter universe, at Planck wall inside the Dark Matter universe emerged the Matter universe and at Spiritual wall inside the Matter universe emerged the Spiritual universe.” Adrian Ferent “The Dark Matter universe is much bigger than the Matter universe and the Matter universe is much bigger than the Spiritual universe.” Adrian Ferent Proof of Ferent Quantum Gravity: Ferent Quantum Gravity is right because in our galaxy there is 5 times more Dark Matter than Matter. This means the Dark Matter universe is much bigger than the Matter universe. “We live in 3 universes: the Dark Matter universe, the Matter universe and the Spiritual universe” Adrian Ferent 192. I am the first who discovered that because there are 3 walls, there are 3 Universes: the Dark Matter universe, the Matter universe and the Spiritual universe 193. I am the first who discovered that in our Universe at Ferent wall emerged the Dark Matter universe, at Planck wall emerged the Matter universe and at Spiritual wall emerged the Spiritual universe 194. I am the first who discovered that: a < h < s 195. I am the first who discovered that in our Universe at Ferent wall emerged the Dark Matter universe, at Planck wall inside the Dark Matter universe emerged the Matter universe and at Spiritual wall inside the Matter universe emerged the Spiritual universe 196. I am the first who discovered that the Dark Matter universe is much bigger than the Matter universe and the Matter universe is much bigger than the Spiritual universe 197. I am the first who discovered that we live in 3 universes: the Dark Matter universe, the Matter universe and the Spiritual universe
Category: Astrophysics

[304] viXra:1903.0393 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 18:36:43

Source-Free Classical Electromagnetism, the Free-Photon Schroedinger Equation, and the Unphysical Conjugate-Pair Solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac Equations

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 4 Pages.

This tutorial begins with the relationship of source-free classical electromagnetism to ultra-relativistic free-photon quantum mechanics. The linear transformation of the source-free classical-electromagnetic real-valued transverse vector potential to its corresponding free-photon Schroedinger-equation complex-valued transverse vector wave function is obtained. It is then pointed out that despite the free-photon Klein-Gordon equation's being formally identical to the source-free classical-electromagnetic vector-potential wave equation, it yields not only free-photon Schroedinger-equation wave functions but also their complex conjugates, which don't satisfy the free-photon Schroedinger equation. This is a consequence of admitting complex-valued solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation -- of course only its real-valued solutions apply to the classical vector potential. It is pointed out that solutions of the free-particle Dirac equation likewise occur in conjugate pairs, and that its Hamiltonian operator implies a variety of unphysical consequences, e.g., any Dirac free particle's speed is that of light times the square root of three.
Category: Quantum Physics

[303] viXra:1903.0392 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 22:01:37

Solving Incompatibility Between GR and QM re Black Holes

Authors: Tom Fuchs
Comments: 2 Pages.

Herein I derive a new metric for Schwarzschild geometry that doesn't predict black holes, thus is compatible with quantum mechanics re black holes and their singularities.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[302] viXra:1903.0391 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 21:57:39

[Dlang+Ragel State Machine Compiler+Colm] Based Design of Embedded Systems & Bio-informatics in the Context of IoT/HPC for Hi-end Computational Environment/s – An Insight into Probing Intelligent Embedded Systems and Intelligent Bio-informatics Framework

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 2 Pages. Short Technical Notes

[Dlang+Ragel State Machine Compiler+Colm] Based Design of Embedded Systems & Bio-informatics in the Context of IoT/HPC for Hi-end Computational Environment/s – An Insight into Probing Intelligent Embedded Systems and Intelligent Bio-informatics Frameworks.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[301] viXra:1903.0389 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-23 14:55:13

Violation of Conservation of Momentum by Lorentz Transformation

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 2 Pages. All comments are welcome. Please include your email address and a short list of your publications.

An isolated physical system of elastic collision between two identical objects is chosen to verify the conservation of momentum in two inertial reference frames. In the first reference frame, the center of mass (COM) is stationary. In the second reference frame, the center of mass moves at a constant velocity. By applying Lorentz transformation to the velocities of both objects, total momentum before and during the collision in the second reference frame can be compared. The comparison shows that conservation of momentum fails to hold when both objects move together at the same velocity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[300] viXra:1903.0387 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-22 08:40:24

A Curious Identity of the Zeta Function

Authors: Juan Moreno Borrallo
Comments: 7 Pages. Spanish Language

At this brief paper, it is proposed and demonstrated a curious identity of Zeta Function, equivalent to the sum of the geometric progression of reciprocals of all the positive integers which are not perfect powers, having as numerators the number of divisors of the exponent of each term of the progression.
Category: Number Theory

[299] viXra:1903.0386 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-25 22:39:31

On Thermal Relativity, Modified Hawking Radiation, and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 11 Pages. Submitted to Phys. Letts. B

After a brief review of the thermal relativistic $corrections$ to the Schwarzschild black hole entropy, it is shown how the Stefan-Boltzman law furnishes large modifications to the evaporation times of Planck-size mini-black holes, and which might furnish important clues to the nature of dark matter and dark energy since one of the novel consequences of thermal relativity is that black holes do $not$ completely evaporate but leave a Planck size remnant. Equating the expression for the modified entropy (due to thermal relativity corrections) with Wald's entropy should in principle determine the functional form of the modified gravitational Lagrangian $ {\cal L } (R_{abcd}) $. We proceed to derive the generalized uncertainty relation which corresponds to the effective temperature $ T_{eff} = T_H ( 1 - { T^2_H \over T^2_P } )^{ - 1/2} $ associated with thermal relativity and given in terms of the Hawking ($T_H$) and Planck ($T_P$) temperature, respectively. Such modified uncertainty relation agrees with the one provided by string theory up to first order in the expansion in powers of $ { (\delta p)^2 \over M^2_P} $. Both lead to a minimal length (Planck size) uncertainty. Finally, an explicit analytical expression is found for the modifications to the purely thermal spectrum of Hawking radiation which could cast some light into the resolution of the black hole information paradox.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[298] viXra:1903.0384 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-22 06:39:21

ATLAS Finds 3 Massive Vector Bosons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

The ATLAS Experiment at CERN has just released evidence for the simultaneous production of three W or Z bosons in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28] The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[297] viXra:1903.0383 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 08:06:53

Terminal Theory

Authors: Mohammed Rashed
Comments: 14 Pages.

This is a new scientific theory, studying different terminal effects of all objects. Starting from macro-scale objects ending to Nano- scale particles, depends on the terminal shape. Thus, we want to focus on the effect of the terminal and its transfer effect. After studying a known phenomenon, we can find a solution of unknown problem. By using this new theory, we can combine and simulate a more sophisticated process with simplest one. Also, we can invent new materials with a new terminal shapes have new properties, after find a new way to produce and control the atomic shape. This new theory, is so wide and deep, and we can apply it on the most physics, communications and other branches, and we can find a new effect of the objects. Specially, atomic scale, because, we can modify, manipulate and Tailor the shape of new materials as we desire. Everyone knows the terminal theory and its effects is exist, but no one refer to it, like the gravity is exist before Newton refer to it.
Category: Classical Physics

[296] viXra:1903.0381 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 10:40:13

Who was Kings Atlas of Atlantis?

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 1 Page.

Was King Atlas of Atlantis in fact e Greek king? - by leon elshout, 20 march 2019, aurichalcum2018 (at) protonmail.com, roodgoudvanparvaim.nl
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[295] viXra:1903.0380 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 11:34:35

ATLAS Light Scattering off Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Light-by-light scattering is a very rare phenomenon in which two photons interact, producing another pair of photons. [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28] The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[294] viXra:1903.0379 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 12:12:24

The Ballet of Alice

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

ALICE's inner tracker is a 1.5-metre-long tube, 1 metre in diameter. It will be replaced with a new, much more precise detector closer to the collision point, formed of seven pixel layers and containing a total of 12.5 billion pixels. [30] On Wednesday, 25 July, for the very first time, operators injected not just atomic nuclei but lead "atoms" containing a single electron into the LHC. [29] The case for an ambitious new particle accelerator to be built in the United States has just gotten a major boost.[27] Physics textbooks might have to be updated now that an international research team has found evidence of an unexpected transition in the structure of atomic nuclei. [26] The group led by Fabrizio Carbone at EPFL and international colleagues have used ultrafast transmission electron microscopy to take attosecond energy-momentum resolved snapshots (1 attosecond = 10-18 or quintillionths of a second) of a free-electron wave function. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[293] viXra:1903.0378 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 12:22:11

A Mechanism of Accelerating and Jerking Expansion of Universe

Authors: Hui Peng
Comments: 20 Pages. thanks very much for consideration of my paper

In 2016, scientists report that the acceleration of the expansion of the universe could be accelerating, denote as jerk universe. We notice that the acceleration of the expanding universe is attributed to linear-effect of gravity, and believe that the jerk is linear-effect as well. We face two tasks: (1) A single dynamic mechanism is required to explain both acceleration and jerk; (2) higher order derivative theories of gravity is needed to govern jerk. We propose a theory-independent dynamic mechanism and extend Newton’s and linearized Einstein’s theory to contain high order differential evolution equations for time-varying source, gravitational field, and movement. We show that the mechanism, (1) predicts repulsive gravitational force, explain the accelerating expansion without fine-tuning problem, and provide an explanation of the jerk; (2) provides a candidate for driving inflation; (3) suggests a new understanding of the nature of dark energy, and postulates gravitational-charge/dark energy duality. Generalized linearized Einstein’s theory predicts that the accelerated receding objects in the universe emit gravitational wave.
Category: Astrophysics

[292] viXra:1903.0377 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 12:37:42

Pressure-Induced Superconducting

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 16 Pages.

Researchers at Northeast Normal University, in China, and University of the Basque Country, in Spain, have recently carried out a study investigating the superconducting transition of electrides. [29] Superconducting quantum microwave circuits can function as qubits, the building blocks of a future quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[291] viXra:1903.0376 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 14:13:55

Spiraling Crystal Exotic Discovery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

The realization of so-called topological materials-which exhibit exotic, defect-resistant properties and are expected to have applications in electronics, optics, quantum computing, and other fields-has opened up a new realm in materials discovery. [24] Topological effects, such as those found in crystals whose surfaces conduct electricity while their bulk does not, have been an exciting topic of physics research in recent years and were the subject of the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics. [23] A new technique developed by MIT researchers reveals the inner details of photonic crystals, synthetic materials whose exotic optical properties are the subject of widespread research. [22] In experiments at SLAC, intense laser light (red) shining through a magnesium oxide crystal excited the outermost "valence" electrons of oxygen atoms deep inside it. [21] LCLS works like an extraordinary strobe light: Its ultrabright X-rays take snapshots of materials with atomic resolution and capture motions as fast as a few femtoseconds, or millionths of a billionth of a second. For comparison, one femtosecond is to a second what seven minutes is to the age of the universe. [20] A 'nonlinear' effect that seemingly turns materials transparent is seen for the first time in X-rays at SLAC's LCLS. [19] Leiden physicists have manipulated light with large artificial atoms, so-called quantum dots. Before, this has only been accomplished with actual atoms. It is an important step toward light-based quantum technology. [18] In a tiny quantum prison, electrons behave quite differently as compared to their counterparts in free space. They can only occupy discrete energy levels, much like the electrons in an atom-for this reason, such electron prisons are often called "artificial atoms". [17] When two atoms are placed in a small chamber enclosed by mirrors, they can simultaneously absorb a single photon. [16] Optical quantum technologies are based on the interactions of atoms and photons at the single-particle level, and so require sources of single photons that are highly indistinguishable-that is, as identical as possible. Current single-photon sources using semiconductor quantum dots inserted into photonic structures produce photons that are ultrabright but have limited indistinguishability due to charge noise, which results in a fluctuating electric field. [14]
Category: Quantum Physics

[290] viXra:1903.0375 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 14:32:36

Neutrons Paint Atomic Portrait

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Direct observations of the structure and catalytic mechanism of a prototypical kinase enzyme—protein kinase A or PKA—will provide researchers and drug developers with significantly enhanced abilities to understand and treat fatal diseases and neurological disorders such as cancer, diabetes, and cystic fibrosis. [22] The ability to grow large protein crystals is the single biggest bottleneck that limits the use of neutron protein crystallography in structural biology. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[289] viXra:1903.0373 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 17:13:08

Mass and the Fifth Dimension

Authors: Hristu Culetu
Comments: 6 Pages.

A correlation between mass and a compact 5th dimension is proposed. The 5th coordinate appears to represent the gravitational radius of the black hole. The source of curvature of the spacetime turns out to be an anisotropic null fluid with no energy density and isotropic pressure but nonzero energy flux and anisotropic pressures.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[288] viXra:1903.0372 [pdf] replaced on 2019-09-19 22:04:07

An Introduction to the Theory of Everything Using Energy Gradients and Information Horizons

Authors: Ankur S. Bhatt, F.M. Becker
Comments: 12 Pages.

The quest to unify the four fundamental forces has been sought after for decades but has remained elusive to all physicists. The first clues to unification were given when information horizons were associated to radiation by Unruh and Hawking. This was then extended to be a discrete spectrum in nature by McCulloch. Here, it is suggested that the limitation, or confinement, of an allowed spectrum is relevant in order to compute all the fundamental forces. The maximum spectrum is defined by the size of the cosmic particle horizon and the Planck length. Notably, all fundamental forces can be computed by using the same core equation and can be extended to reflect the different information horizons and particle interaction scenarios. This result suggests that for unification, the radiation spectrum provides momentum space alterations to generate energy gradients. The force derivatives of the energy fields indicate numerical convergence to the observed fundamental forces.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[287] viXra:1903.0371 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 23:56:47

Division by Zero Calculus in Multiply Dimensions and Open Problems

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 9 Pages. In this paper, we will introduce the division by zero calculus in multiply dimensions in order to show some wide and new open problems as we see from the one dimensional case.

In this paper, we will introduce the division by zero calculus in multiply dimensions in order to show some wide and new open problems as we see from the one dimensional case.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[286] viXra:1903.0370 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 01:14:08

[coqtp – Q*cert Ocaml Python Gan] as an Informatics & Computing Platform in the Context of Cryo-em Image Processing & Big Data Research.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 4 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

[CoqTP – q*cert- Ocaml- Python - GAN] as an Informatics & Computing Platform in the Context of cryo-EM Image Processing & BIG DATA Research. Importance of GAN & Theorem Provers For Better cryo-EM Image Processing/IoT/HPC.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[285] viXra:1903.0368 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 03:42:43

L'etat Xxie Siècle Réalité ou Simulacre

Authors: Rachid ELAÏDI
Comments: 80 Pages.

NO COMMENT
Category: Social Science

[284] viXra:1903.0367 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 04:32:57

The Klein Four-Group

Authors: Volker W. Thürey
Comments: 3 Pages.

We describe alternative ways to present the famous Klein four-group
Category: Algebra

[283] viXra:1903.0366 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 06:45:38

Atomic Energies from Hydrogen to Krypton

Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 42 Pages.

In the order of the Deterministic Quantum Model we calculate energies of electrons inside atoms of chemical elements from hydrogen to krypton. Calculation proves argon Ar (Z=18) has in the third level n=3 a configuration (6+2), composed of 6 electrons in the first sub-level s and of 2 electrons in the second sub-level p. This configuration is characterized by high stability and chemical inertia proven by the fact that argon belongs to the group of inert elements. The specific behaviour of argon biases and allows to explain the behaviour of subsequent chemical elements.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[282] viXra:1903.0365 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 08:00:13

Was Homer's Troy an Archeological or a Theological Issue?

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 2 Pages.

Is Turkish village of Hisarlik really Homer's Troy? But what if the key actors of the Troyan War were no human beings at all? And what does the Bible say about Troy? - by leon Elshout, 19 march 2019, aurichalcum2018 (at) protonmail.com & https://roodgoudvanparvaim.nl/
Category: Archaeology

[281] viXra:1903.0364 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 08:00:24

Objects Levitating with Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Researchers at Caltech have designed a way to levitate and propel objects using only light, by creating specific nanoscale patterning on the objects' surfaces. [31] Scientists have developed a pioneering new technique that could pave the way for the next generation of optical tweezers. [30] To speed up the imaging process, the researchers made their Raman system more compatible with the algorithm. [29] The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[280] viXra:1903.0363 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 08:36:19

Muon Detector Measure Electric Potential

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

A team of researchers from several institutions in India and Japan has found that it is possible to use a muon detector to measure electric potential in thunderstorms. [32] Researchers at Caltech have designed a way to levitate and propel objects using only light, by creating specific nanoscale patterning on the objects' surfaces. [31] Scientists have developed a pioneering new technique that could pave the way for the next generation of optical tweezers. [30] To speed up the imaging process, the researchers made their Raman system more compatible with the algorithm. [29] The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[279] viXra:1903.0361 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 09:18:31

Quantum Tunneling Speed Test

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 98 Pages.

Measurements at the attosecond scale not only add an extra dimension for the future quantum technologies but also can fundamentally help in understanding the elephant of the quantum room: what is time? [55] Physicists have proposed an entirely new way to test the quantum superposition principle-the idea that a quantum object can exist in multiple states at the same time. [54] Researchers have developed a new device that can measure and control a nanoparticle trapped in a laser beam with unprecedented sensitivity. [53] Researchers have discovered a 'blind spot' in atomic force microscopy-a powerful tool capable of measuring the force between two atoms, imaging the structure of individual cells and the motion of biomolecules. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50] Working in the lab of Mikhail Lukin, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics and co-director of the Quantum Science and Engineering Initiative, Evans is lead author of a study, described in the journal Science, that demonstrates a method for engineering an interaction between two qubits using photons. [49] Researchers with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a new level of control over photons encoded with quantum information. [48] Researchers from Intel Corp. and the University of California, Berkeley, are looking beyond current transistor technology and preparing the way for a new type of memory and logic circuit that could someday be in every computer on the planet. [47] A team of scientists from Arizona State University's School of Molecular Sciences and Germany have published in Science Advances online today an explanation of how a particular phase-change memory (PCM) material can work one thousand times faster.
Category: Quantum Physics

[278] viXra:1903.0360 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 09:42:59

Find Leakage in Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

A new computer program that spots when information in a quantum computer is escaping to unwanted states will give users of this promising technology the ability to check its reliability without any technical knowledge for the first time. [42] With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits-bits of quantum information. [41] Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science have now demonstrated a new hardware platform based on isolated electron spins in a two-dimensional material. [40] Advances in this fast-paced domain could improve devices for data storage and information processing and aid in the development of molecular switches, among other innovations. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[277] viXra:1903.0359 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 09:48:23

Dark Energy Particle is the Photon

Authors: Antonio PUCCINI
Comments: 39 Pages.

The Dark Energy (DE) is a mysterious, un-eliminable energy distributed, as a fluid, evenly throughout the whole Universe. The nature of the Dark Energy Particles (DEP) is unknown. DE appears to be associated with vacuum in space. Just the omnipresent quantum vacuum energy is the key element to help us understand the characteristics, profile and properties of DEP, for us represented ultimately by photons (Ps) but, likely, not Ps of the optical band. Probably DE is the sum of the common photonic energy of a lot of Ps, often inexorably amassed and thickened by the Gravity Interaction, until the radiation cannot be further compressed. These concepts are elegantly confirmed by the equation: PV 4/3 = C . Consequently, from each individual P triggers an energetic repulsive action, which, summing up (by the Overlap Principle), acts in unison as a counter-pressure. To trigger this counter-pressure, is the mass-energy density of a very compact wall of Ps, no further compressible. DE is ubiquitously widespread both within intergalactic and intra-atomic space, between the nucleus and the orbiting electrons: the latter is a space notoriously swarming of Ps. In our opinion, DEP are conveyed by Ps, also of different energies, engaged in various tasks and operating contexts, sometimes peculiar and/or unusual, whose common denominator is represented by the impossibility of being compressed beyond a determined limit. In short, DE is represented by a Photonics Counter-Pressure, or negative pressure, that is expansive, repulsive, anti-gravitational, exerted by Ps no further compressible. As well-known in fact, Ps are not ethereal and dimensionless particles. Ps are the Planck grains, equals to: 6.6261027[ergs] 10n [c/s], where n indicates the number of oscillations per second of a single P.
Category: Astrophysics

[276] viXra:1903.0357 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 10:55:21

Thanks to the Heavy Majoranic Neutrino Collapse of the Universe is Avoided

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page. See recent paper by Bruce Wallman in ViXra cosmology and relativety

Abstract: The problem of the Hubble constant being so large that the universe is seemingly in danger of collapse is solved by the heavy Majorana neutrino proposed in MHCE8S theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[275] viXra:1903.0356 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 10:44:34

A Mechanism for Gravitational Force and Observed Rotation in Spiral Galaxies

Authors: Nathaniel Julian
Comments: 2 Pages.

While general relativity provides an accurate description of spacetime and gravitational forces and effects, it does not provide a mechanism for gravity itself. By explaining the mechanism of gravitational force as a resistance of massive and high energy objects to the observed accelerating expansion of the universe, we simplify and provide a model that does not rely on unobserved particles or other hypothetical factors while staying in agreement with general relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[274] viXra:1903.0355 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 11:12:28

Pilot Waves Theory and Quantum Reality.

Authors: Durgadas Datta.
Comments: 10 Pages. PILOT WAVES AND NOT MATTER WAVES OF DE BROGGLIE .

THE DANCING GRAVITOETHERTON SUPERFLUID.
Category: Quantum Physics

[273] viXra:1903.0354 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 12:18:27

Data Formats and Visual Tools for Forecast Evaluation

Authors: Andrey Davydenko, Cuong Sai, Maxim Shcherbakov
Comments: 16 Pages.

Forecast evaluation is inevitably connected with the need to store actuals and forecasts for further analysis. The issue gets complicated when it comes to handling rolling-origin forecasts calculated for many series over multiple horizons. In designing forecast data formats it is important to provide access to all the variables required for exploratory analysis and performance measurement. We show that existing approaches used to store forecast data are not always applicable for implementing reliable cross validation techniques. Here we propose flexible yet simple data schemas allowing the storage and exchange of actuals, forecasts, and additional variables of interest. We also demonstrate how various forecast evaluation tools can be implemented based on the schemas proposed.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[272] viXra:1903.0353 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-18 21:47:07

“Primeless” Sieves for Primes and for Prime Pairs Which Differ by 2m

Authors: Sally Myers Moite
Comments: 9 Pages.

Numbers of form 6N – 1 and 6N + 1 factor into numbers of the same form. This observation provides elimination sieves for numbers N that lead to primes and prime pairs. The sieves do not explicitly reference primes.
Category: Number Theory

[271] viXra:1903.0352 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 22:40:43

Positive Energy of Gravitational Field

Authors: Hu iPeng
Comments: 22 Pages. thanks for publish my article

The issues, such as the negative energy density of the gravito-static field and the lack of an energy-momentum tensor in General Relativity (GR), have a long history. To provide possible resolutions for these issues, based on the U (1) gauge theory of gravity, the gravito-static and gravito-magnetic field lines are introduced for the positive/negative gravitational charge and current, respectively. It is shown that the direction of gravitational force acting on a negative gravitational charge is opposite to that of the gravitational field. Then we show that positive energy is stored in the gravitational field and that the exchanged energy between the gravitational field and gravitational charges/currents is always positive. The energy-momentum tensor,T_g^μν,of the vector gravitational field is introduced and has the following physical properties: (1) symmetric, T_g^μν= T_g^νμ; (2) positive energy density, T_g^00>0; (3) zero trace, T_gμ^μ=0; (4) conserved, (∂T_gν^μ)/(∂x_μ )=0; (5) localizable.
Category: Astrophysics

[270] viXra:1903.0351 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 22:46:50

Negative Gravitational Charge and Theories of Gravity

Authors: Hui Peng
Comments: 30 Pages. thanks very much for consideration of my paper

The purpose of this article is to identify laws that would describe gravitation if negative gravitational mass/gravitational charge (g-charge) exists. WEP is generalized to establish correlations between mass and positive/negative g-charge (Q_(g+)/Q_(g-)), although Q_(g-) on Earth would fall upward. Newton’s theory and Einstein’s theory are generalized to describe behaviors of objects carrying Q_(g-). A significant conclusion is that, as long as Q_(g-) is introduced, all of Newton’s theory, Gravitodynamics and Einstein’s theory explain the accelerated expansion of Universe equally well without needs of “negative pressure” and “cosmological constant” that has fine-tuning issue. This implies that this mechanism of the cosmological phenomenon is universal and theory independent, which strongly supports the existence of negative g-charges. Moreover the acceleration is increasing with time. Gravitodynamics and generalized Einstein’s theory predict: (1) gravitational wave (GW_-) emitted by Q_(g-); (2) GW_- cannot be distinguished from GW_+ emitted by Q_(g+).
Category: Astrophysics

[269] viXra:1903.0348 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 03:49:19

The Effects of Astronomical Bodies on Imouto’s Local Solutions to Rankine–Hugoniot Equations.

Authors: P. Gomez, P. Gomez, Tiddles the cat, P. Erdős, P. Gomez
Comments: 8 pages; published in Modern Aviation and Sexology Daily

We herein present a proof of the existence and smoothness of the Navier-Stokes equations via a new method of manipulating Calabi-Yau manifolds, which in turn leads us to a disproof by contradiction of the Collatz conjecture; four separate, independent proofs of the Jacobian conjecture; a complete decipherment of Linear A; a method of determining whether or not a book is worth reading based on its cover alone; and an entire new field of mathematics which we hereby name ”Weird Calculus”. We completely and utterly fail to present any convincing arguments, but at least there’s some nice text art. We make no attempt to clarify anything in the field. Astute readers may notice the complete lack of content and coherence in this paper.
Category: Astrophysics

[268] viXra:1903.0347 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 05:08:22

Visualizing Subatomic Particles as Building Blocks of the Universe.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 23 Pages.

In particle physics it is an interesting challenge to postulate that the rigid FORM and topological structure of elementary particles is the origin of different FUNCTIONS of these particles. The resulting model is called “Quantum Function Follows Form” model. As a consequence, the standard model could be extended with changes for supersymmetric Monopole Photons also acting as Gluons at subatomic distances and series of alternative Monopole Photonic bosons called Higgs particle of different masses (recent LHC measurements with bumps at 123.5GeV- 126 GeV , 350 GeV etcetera) based on different geometrical structures as a base for unstable- and stable black holes.. At the same time there seems to open a new field of physics around quantum gravity, interpreted as the result of dipole opposing pressure forcers between the oscillatory pressure of the massless Axion Higgs vacuum field and the fermion created graviton pressure. The planetary mass related local lightspeed drag, and a pyrochlore topological superconductive vacuum. In this paper I present possible 3D particle solutions based on only one complex 3-D ring shaped Axion-Higgs particle, which is equipped with three point like hinges and one splitting point, all four points divided equally over the ring surface. The 3-D ring itself is postulated to represent the “Virgin Mother” of all other particles and is coined Axion-Higgs particle, the ring is equipped with 3-hinges coded (OOO), which gives the particle the opportunity to transform after real mechanical collision with other particles into a different shape, with a different function and interlocking abilities with other particles to form Quarks quantum knots and all other particles.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[267] viXra:1903.0346 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-18 02:06:51

Entangled State Represented by Pendulum Oscillations

Authors: Masataka Ohta
Comments: 1 Page.

Just as binary quantum state is represented by pendulum oscillations, quantum state involving multiple quanta, including entangled one, can be represented by oscillations of multiple pendulums.
Category: Quantum Physics

[266] viXra:1903.0344 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 07:04:44

X-ray Bright Galactic Nuclei

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

All massive galaxies are believed to host supermassive black holes (SMBH) at their centers that grow by accreting mass from their environment. [23] In short, the concept of a black hole gravity machine presents humanity with a plausible path to becoming an interstellar species. In the meantime, the study of the concept will provide SETI researchers with another possible technosignature to look for. [22] Physicists have used a seven-qubit quantum computer to simulate the scrambling of information inside a black hole, heralding a future in which entangled quantum bits might be used to probe the mysterious interiors of these bizarre objects. [21]
Category: Astrophysics

[265] viXra:1903.0343 [pdf] replaced on 2019-08-14 12:43:21

Classical Logic and the Division of Zero by Zero

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 45 pages. Copyright © 2019 by Ilija Barukčić, Jever, Germany. All rights reserved. Published:

Abstract Objective: The division of zero by zero turned out to be a long lasting and not ending puzzle in mathematics and physics. An end of this long discussion is not in sight. In particular zero divided by zero is treated as indeterminate thus that a result cannot be found out. It is the purpose of this publication to solve the problem of the division of zero by zero while relying on the general validity of classical logic. Methods: A systematic re-analysis of classical logic and the division of zero by zero has been undertaken. Results: The theorems of this publication are grounded on classical logic and Boolean algebra. There is some evidence that the problem of zero divided by zero can be solved. Conclusion: According to classical logic, zero divided by zero is equal to one. Keywords: Indeterminate forms, Classical logic, Zero divided by zero
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[264] viXra:1903.0342 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 08:56:23

Organic Two-Level Quantum System

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Researchers at Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen, Germany have recently demonstrated that a molecule can be turned into a coherent two-level quantum system. [24] Researchers at the University of Dundee have provided important new insights into the regulation of cell division, which may ultimately lead to a better understanding of cancer progression. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[263] viXra:1903.0341 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 09:46:04

Organic Principal Component Analysis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Researchers at A*STAR have compared six data-analysis processes and come up with a clear winner in terms of speed, quality of analysis and reliability. [25] Researchers at Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen, Germany have recently demonstrated that a molecule can be turned into a coherent two-level quantum system. [24] Researchers at the University of Dundee have provided important new insights into the regulation of cell division, which may ultimately lead to a better understanding of cancer progression. [23]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[262] viXra:1903.0340 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 10:33:36

Blockchain Traditional Networks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Blockchain as a technology is seeing tremendous innovation and is impacting almost all industries from supply chain to gaming and, perhaps the most recognizable, cryptocurrency. [28] At the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, researchers have realized the swap of electron spins between distant quantum dots. [27] A quantum circuit that can unambiguously test for information scrambling in an experiment could help verify the calculations of quantum computers and even shed more light on what happens to quantum information when it falls into a black hole. [26]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[261] viXra:1903.0339 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 11:13:51

Linking Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity Together ? Reflections and Propositions

Authors: Bernard GUY
Comments: 48 Pages.

We examine the possible relations between general relativity and quantum mechanics, from the point of view of their representations of space and time, which are different. We refer to our own understanding of space and time, built in opposition to each other from the physical phenomena, and not constituting an a priori external frame. Within a relation-based thinking, we can only compare the phenomena to the other phenomena, and, from this confrontation, space-time frames arise, as drawn by the trajectories of certain phenomena arbitrarily considered in a privileged way. It is within this framework that one must think the possible association of general relativity (which has not the monopoly of space and time) and quantum mechanics (which has not the monopoly of quantization, to be understood from the comparison of two classes of phenomena within a probabilistic approach). The general question to ask is that of possible exchanges between the different points of views, supported by the various possible phenomena, that is to say those on which space and time are defined, and the others. Space and time do not disappear, the points of views are exchanged. These exchanges are made possible by representing space and time, like the other phenomena, by a pair of fields (r, t); r and t are vectors in a three-dimensional space (time is marked by the position of a moving point in the same space as that defining the positions of the ordinary points), as opposed to field pairs (f, g) associated with the other phenomena (such as the pair of the electric and magnetic fields). One may ultimately envisage quantization of space and time; one may also envisage the definition of time and space solely by quantum mechanics. A preliminary and qualitative framework is presented as a basis for future quantitative research.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[260] viXra:1903.0338 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 14:01:37

Emergence of a New Type of Life and Alive Creature from Mixing Cells of Plants and Animals

Authors: Alireza Sepehri
Comments: 6 pages, 6 figures

In this research, we show that by mixing cells of plants and animals, a new type of alive creature or life is emerged. To this aim, we cut the skin of some quails and create a hole between skin and skeleton. We put some some beans and lentils in this hole and cover it by a black glue. We open the hole after a week and observe that a bridge of quail's cells is produced between beans and lentils. This bridge has the genus of the periosteum that covers the outer surface of all bones. In this periosteum, there are some stem cells that produce a collection of neuronal circuits. These circuits could join to each other and form a little brain. This brain can control all voluntary and non-voluntary actions of this new alive creature.
Category: Mind Science

[259] viXra:1903.0336 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 16:42:45

Spin Electromagnetics and Spin-Vector-Potential-Coupling-Induced Force

Authors: Hui Peng
Comments: 19 Pages.

By utilizing universal mathematical identities (UMI) and Coulomb’s law, we establish Classical-Spin-Electromagnetics (C-Spin-EM). C-Spin-EM is self-consistence, powerful and fruitful, at classical level, in the perspective of fundamental physics: (1) universally explains and correlates family of Hall effects, zero longitudinal Hall coefficient/resistivity, Aharonov–Bohm effect, Extended Rashba SOC, and GMR/TMR. (2) predicts Spin-potential-coupling-induced force, which contributes to Aharonov–Bohm effect; (3) provides classical counterparts of Larmor-precession, Stark Effect, Landau–Lifshitz equation, Zeeman effect, and Aharonov–Casher effect; (4) propose that electric field induces spin precession. Combining UMI and C-Spin-EM shows that mathematical identities lead to physical dualities including duality between Electromagnetics and C-Spin-EM. We postulate a duality between Lagrangian-Lorentz force and Hamiltonian.
Category: Condensed Matter

[258] viXra:1903.0334 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-16 20:47:27

Science, Art, and Music

Authors: Frank Dodd Tony Smith Jr
Comments: 54 Pages.

In my view: Science = Art = Music: Science is explained by a Theory of Everything (TOE) using Real Clifford Algebra Cl(16) The Pinnacle of Human Art is Marcel Duchamp's Large Glass which (when combined with its Mirror image) corresponds in detail with Cl(16) Physics TOE The Pinnacle of Human Music is Beethoven's Grosse Fugue which corresponds in detail with Cl(16) TOE Cl(16) emerged from a Quantum Fluctuation in a Void in our Parent Universe by David Finkelstein's Clifford Iteration Process: Cl(Void) = Clifford Algebra of Void = 0 Cl(0) = 2^0 dimensions = 1 Cl(1) = 2^1 = 2 Cl(2) = 2^2 = 4 Cl(4) = 2^4 = 16 Cl(16) = 2^16 = 65,536 = tensor product Cl(8)xCl(8) = 256x256 Cl(16) has 16 Vectors = Lie Ball = Spin(10) / Spin(8) x U(1) Cl(16) has 120 BiVectors = D8 subalagebra of E8 Cl(16) has 128 half-Spinors ( 1 0-Vector + 126 8-Vectors + 1 16-Vector ) 120+128 = 248 = E8 Cl(16) has 560 TriVectors = 10 copies of Fr3(O) 56-dim Fr3(O) has 2 copies of 27-dim J3(O) The other 65,536-16-120-128-560 = 64,712 elements of Cl(16) are available to carry information in processes such as Quantum Consciousness. Version 6 (v6) adds cover page referring to ROOF on FIRE gospel song. Version 7 (v7) adds material about Bohm Quantum Potential.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[257] viXra:1903.0333 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-05 16:31:14

Riemann Hypothesis 43 Counterexamples

Authors: Toshiro Takami
Comments: 134 Pages.

I also found a zero point which seems to deviate from 0.5. I thought that the zero point outside 0.5 can not be found very easily in the area which can not be shown in the figure, but this area can not be represented in the figure but can be found one after another. It is completely unknown whether this axis is distorted in the 0.5 axis or just by coincidence. The number of zero points in the area that can not be shown in the figure is now 43. No matter how you looked it was not found in other areas. It seemed that there is no other way to interpret this axis as 0.5 axis is distorted in this area. Somewhere on the net there is a memory that reads the mathematician's view that "there are countless zero points in the vicinity of 0.5 on high area". We are reporting that the zero point search of the high-value area of the imaginary part which was giving up as it is no longer possible with the supercomputer is no longer possible, is reported. 43 zero-point searches in the high-value area of the imaginary part are thus successful. This means that the zero point search in the high-value area of the imaginary part has succeeded in the 43. We will also write 43 zero point searches of the successful high-value area of the imaginary part. There are many counterexamples far beyond 0.5, which is far beyond the limit, but the computer can not calculate it. Moreover, I believe that it can only be confirmed on supercomputer whether this is really counterexample. In addition, it is necessary to make corrections in the supercomputer.
Category: Number Theory

[256] viXra:1903.0332 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 03:19:29

Is Atlantis an Archeological or Theological Issue?

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 4 Pages.

The main gods of Atlantis were very well known in the Bible. This fact should change our ideas about Atlantis. Was the western location of Atlantis really a physical island or was it an underworld? - by leon elshout, aurichalcum2018 (at) protonmail.com
Category: Archaeology

[255] viXra:1903.0331 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 04:24:05

Quantum Reality.

Authors: Durgadas Datta.
Comments: 10 Pages. THE ILLUSION OF REALITY.

THE PILOT WAVES IN QUANTUM PHYSICS AND AN EMERGENT GRAVITY FROM GRAVITOETHERTONS .
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[254] viXra:1903.0330 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 04:28:57

Evaluation of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitory Potential of Biofield Energy Treated DMEM by Determining cGMP Level in Human Endothelial Cell Line

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Erectile dysfunction is a common disorder found in men, which occurs due to multiple factors such as psychogenic, hormonal imbalance, and neurovascular disturbances. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effect of a Consciousness Energy Healing based DMEM medium on the Human Endothelial Hybrid Cell Line (EA. hy926) to evaluate the level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The test item (DMEM medium) was divided into three parts, first part received a one-time Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and was labeled as the one-time Biofield Energy Treated (BT-I) DMEM, while second part received the two-times the Biofield Energy Treatment and is denoted as BT-II DMEM. The third part did not receive any treatment and defined as the untreated DMEM group. The level of cGMP for the inhibition of PDE-5 enzyme was assessed using cGMP ELISA assay kit (colorimetric). Sildenafil citrate, used as positive control, which showed a significant increase of cGMP levels in Ea. hy926 cells. The one-time Biofield Energy Healing Treated DMEM (BT-I) showed 29.92% alteration, while the two-times Biofield Energy Healing Treated DMEM (BT-II) showed a significantly (p≤0.001) increased level of intracellular cGMP by 307.09% in Ea. hy926 cells compared to the untreated DMEM group. Overall, experimental data suggested that the two-times Biofield Treated DMEM showed a significantly improved level of cGMP compared with the one-time Biofield Treated DMEM group. Therefore, data indicated that the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment can be used to treat erectile dysfunction along with other sexual disorders such as orgasmic disorders, female sexual arousal disorder, fetishistic disorder, frotteuristic disorder, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, sex addiction, sexual masochism and sadism, vaginismus, voyeuristic disorder, premature or delayed ejaculation.
Category: Biochemistry

[253] viXra:1903.0329 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 05:32:56

Biofield Energy Enriched Vitamin D3 Versus Vitamin D3 in Preventing Fractures and Bone Loss Using MG-63 Cells

Authors: Lorraine Marie Hachfeld, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Bone is a dynamic tissue, which continually adapting its structure during the development process. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization using MG-63 cells. The test items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. The test samples received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Lorraine Marie Hachfeld and samples were defined as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay showed that cell viability was more than 79% with a safe and nontoxic profile on MG-63 cell line. The level of ALP was increased by 400%, 84%, and 179.4% at 0.1, 1, and 10µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, while 314.3% at 10µg/mL in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed an increased ALP level by 128% and 60.3% at 1 and 10µg/mL, respectively. Collagen was significantly increased by 180% and 128.1% at 0.1 and 1µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 84.4% and 69.7% at 1 and 10µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased collagen level by 123.4% and 184.8% at 1 and 10 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. The percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 385.1% at 0.1µg/mL in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 53.2%, 30.2%, and 163.9% at 0.1, 1, and 10µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 283%, 65.1%, and 197.3% at 0.1, 1, and 10µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. The experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones, which improve quality of life. It regulates the osteoblast function, improves the bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse health conditions, comprising cancer and certain autoimmune diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

[252] viXra:1903.0328 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 05:33:31

Increase in Bone Mass Density and Overall Bone Health Following High-Impact of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 in MG-63 Cell Line

Authors: Krista Joanne Callas, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 8 Pages.

Vitamin D3 and calcium are the main bone health supplements required for quality of life. The present study aimed to find out the role of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters in vitro using MG-63 cells. The parameters of bone health tested are Alkaline Phosphatise Enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization. The Test Items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. The test samples received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Krista Joanne Callas and samples were defined as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay exhibited increased cell viability range from 72% to 122% with safe and nontoxic profile among test samples on MG-63 cell line. ALP was significantly increased by 129.6%, 392% and 255.7% in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively at 100µg/mL as compared with the untreated group. The level of collagen was significantly increased by 35.9% and 235.3% at 10 and 50µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 81.7% and 197.6% at 50 and 100µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased collagen level by 184.2% and 82.3% at 50 and 100µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. The percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 198.6% and 53.5% at 1 and 10µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 267.1% at 1µg/mL in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 146.2%, 91.4%, and 66.8% at 0.1,1 and 10µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Thus, the study results concluded that Biofield Energy Treatment would be the best alternative treatment for the maintenance of strong and healthy bones and quality of life. Further, it regulates the osteoblast function and improved the level of collagen, ALP, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone dis-ordersalong with wide range of adverse bone health conditions.
Category: Biochemistry

[251] viXra:1903.0327 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 06:20:43

Image Deep into the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, in which a fluorophore absorbs more than one photon and emits light at a shorter wavelength than the excitation source, can be used to create 3D tissue images at depths of 1 mm or more. [23] Researchers at the University of Twente have designed a tiny needle in which micro-channels can be used for extracting small liquid samples from a local area of the brain. [22] The ability to grow large protein crystals is the single biggest bottleneck that limits the use of neutron protein crystallography in structural biology. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[250] viXra:1903.0326 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-17 07:33:40

Espil's High Power Partial Fraction Decomposition Theorem.

Authors: Federico Espil
Comments: 6 Pages.

The problem of fraction decomposition it's easy to solve by using the cover up method, when there are no repeated linear factors in the denominator . Nevertheless it could turn into a hard work if these factors are raised to a high power, where the cover up method doesn't work. This technique shows how to calculate these coefficients without solving large systems of equations with a clever rearrangement of the numerator.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[249] viXra:1903.0324 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-17 08:27:41

"Sacramental" Space-Time Moments of Modern Physics (In Russian)

Authors: V.A. Kasimov.
Comments: 9 Pages. in Russian

Statement of questions: Dualism as a principle of physical description. "Ontologization" of space-time relations as the embodiment of the dualism principle. Anthropic principle. Out-of-space-time aspect of the Universe. Size and age of the Universe. Multidimensional as a way of uniting interactions.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[248] viXra:1903.0323 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-17 09:56:44

Proven Methods for Filtering SG Data

Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 5 Pages.

Subject are different methods for noise-free data reduction of low-frequency geophysical data and identification of interference sources. The most important method is the selective compensation of strong spectral lines.
Category: Geophysics

[247] viXra:1903.0322 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-17 10:27:04

Why We See the Sun Disc = the Moon Disc? (T.S. Eclipse II)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 12 Pages.

This paper discusses Mercury Data to prove 3 conclusions which are: 1-The solar group is one machine, each planet is a gear in this same machine. (i.e. each solar planet depends on other solar planets in his Origin And Motion). 2-Mercury Data shows a relationship with Jupiter can't be explained by gravity concept or any current theory. (i.e. The Solar Group Current Theory Is Insufficient) 3-Special Theory of Relativity provides empirical results only and need a theoretical extension to be a complete theory. (Specifically, the theory needs to explain why the lorentz length contraction phenomenon is done and what geometrical effect it practices) The paper also suggest the following idea "The Time existence depends on relativistic effects" i.e. "Time Definition" is a process extends beyond the human daily experiences This paper completes the previous discussion Total Solar Eclipse Analysis (Part I)
Category: Astrophysics

[246] viXra:1903.0318 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-28 15:24:28

Resolving the Tension Between Planck H0=66.93 and Riess et al H0=73.24

Authors: Bruce Wallman
Comments: 7 Pages.

There is an open question in cosmology about the significance of the difference between the 2016 Planck collaboration value H0=66.93±0.62 km/s/Mpc and the 2016 Riess et al value H0=73.24±1.74 km/s/Mpc. This paper shows that both the Planck collaboration and Riess et al values are valid. Tracing the cosmological redshift z from SN1a several thousand megaparsecs in the past to those that exploded closer to today describes an increase in our perception of Hv as distance to us lessens. A best fit power function of vr=73.227*Dp^0.9907 for recessional velocity versus proper distance (where vr is recessional velocity and Dp is proper distance) is derived connecting these two values of H0 using 1836 SN1a in the NED database. Taking the derivative of this formula to get Hubble slope gives the power function Hv=dvr/dDp= 72.546*Dp^(-0.0093). When this formula is used to describe an extrapolation of the universe from near the Milky Way galaxy to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), it describes a change of about 7 km/s/Mpc in the Hubble value for the observable universe increasing smoothly from 66.4 for our measures at the CMB to 73.4 km/s/Mpc locally as the universe expands. Most of the increase occurs in the last 1000 Mpc as was stated in Riess, Perlmutter, and subsequent SN1a studies. This is consistent with ΛCDM cosmology. After converting distance in megaparsecs to light-seconds, it is possible to show Hv is an acceleration that varies from 6.45 angstrom/s/lt-s when measuring the CMB to 7.13 angstrom/s/lt-s in the local universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[245] viXra:1903.0316 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 00:08:43

Revisiting Mathematical Formalism Involving [Lp Spaces] in the Context of Microwave Imaging for [medical Applications/cryoelectronmicroscopy] – Using [higher Order Logic(hol)/scala/jvm/jikesrvm/scalalab/lms-Scala Informatics] to Implement [iot/hpc] Compu

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Revisiting Mathematical Formalism involving [Lp Spaces] in the Context of Microwave Imaging for [Medical applications/CryoElectronMicroscopy] – Using [Higher Order Logic(HOL)/Scala/JVM/JikesRVM/Scalalab/LMS-Scala Informatics] to Implement [IoT/HPC] Computing Framework/s.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[244] viXra:1903.0315 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 05:25:09

Differential Equation

Authors: Fayowole David Ayadi
Comments: 3 Pages.

The laws of Physics and some other related courses are generally written as differential equations. Therefore, all of science and engineering use differential equations to some extent. A good knowledge of differential equations will be an integral part of your study in science and/or engineering classes. You can think of mathematics as the language of science, and differential equations are one of the most important parts of this language as far as science and engineering are concerned.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[243] viXra:1903.0314 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 05:35:00

Ghostly Particles, New Forces

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory officially broke ground March 15 on a major new particle accelerator project that will power cutting-edge physics experiments for many decades to come. [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28] The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[242] viXra:1903.0313 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-16 07:55:10

Important Cell Division Discovery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Dundee have provided important new insights into the regulation of cell division, which may ultimately lead to a better understanding of cancer progression. [23] Researchers at the University of Twente have designed a tiny needle in which micro-channels can be used for extracting small liquid samples from a local area of the brain. [22] The ability to grow large protein crystals is the single biggest bottleneck that limits the use of neutron protein crystallography in structural biology. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[241] viXra:1903.0312 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-17 19:06:59

Total Relativity and the Cosmology Fundamental Theorem

Authors: Pablo Hernan Pereyra
Comments: 9 Pages.

The Cosmology Fundamental Theorem is established based on Total Relativity and the total energy conservation of nature, using the testable consequences of the cosmological principle of isotropy and homogeneity and incorporating a new testable consequence, the redshift temporal on a large scale. It is shown that Cosmology must be cyclical.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[240] viXra:1903.0311 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-16 21:31:22

On the Quark Model Based on Virtual Spacetime and the Origin of Fractional Charge

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 18 Pages. Including Chinese Version

The quark model in the standard model is belong to real spacetime, so fractional charge is required. Since the quark model has obtained a lot of experimental support, although the fractional charge has not been detected yet, it is still reasonable. If we consider it from the perspective of the existence of virtual spacetime, we can better explain why the quark has a fractional charge. This paper assumes that each particle in real spacetime has a corresponding virtual spacetime particle in the virtual spacetime. The real spacetime proton corresponds to a magnetic monopole in the virtual spacetime, while the real spacetime three-generation six leptons corresponds to the corresponding three generations of six particles in the virtual spacetime. In addition to photons and the like, plus the respective anti-particles, there are 14 elementary particles in the virtual spacetime, which is basically consistent with the number of elementary particles in real spacetime. According to the requirements of virtual spacetime physics, the magnetic field and the electric field are exactly the same. Therefore, in the virtual spacetime reference system, the magnetic field of the magnetic monopole corresponds to the electric field of the proton. Starting from the symmetry requirement of virtual and real spacetime, the magnetic charge of the virtual spacetime magnetic monopole is also quantized. That is, the six particles’ magnetic charges of virtual spacetime corresponding to the real spacetime three-generation leptons are also quantized, they take integers. Then, through the appropriate formula, 14 particles of virtual spacetime are combined according to certain requirements, and all six quarks can be obtained. The charge, isospin, lepton number, and baryon number of each quark can be determined according to the formula.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[239] viXra:1903.0309 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-17 02:34:33

Kinematics with Poisson Brackets

Authors: Armin Zjajo
Comments: 2 Pages.

Kinematics is quite simple, however, Poisson brackets are not. This shows the most convoluted way of deriving kinematic motion.
Category: Classical Physics

[238] viXra:1903.0307 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 08:36:18

Gas Transition Between Quantum and Classical States

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

A team of researchers from the MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms has developed a way to study and measure gases as they transition between quantum and classical states due to changes in temperature. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[237] viXra:1903.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 09:00:10

Quantum Sensing Minuscule Magnetic Fields

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

A new way of measuring atomic-scale magnetic fields with great precision, not only up and down but sideways as well, has been developed by researchers at MIT. [29] A team of researchers from the MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms has developed a way to study and measure gases as they transition between quantum and classical states due to changes in temperature. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[236] viXra:1903.0303 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 09:43:47

Memristor Speeding Up AI

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

A group at Politecnico di Milano has developed an electronic circuit able to solve a system of linear equations in a single operation in the timescale of a few tens of nanoseconds. [26] We are still far off from achieving Quantum Advantage for machine learning-the point at which quantum computers surpass classical computers in their ability to perform AI algorithms. [25] Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[235] viXra:1903.0301 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 11:16:54

The Most Accurate Method of Neutron Mass Calculation

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: The mass of the neutron can be calculated simply yet accurately in MHCE8S theory by a method I outline in this note.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[234] viXra:1903.0300 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 11:15:56

Quantum Information Long-Distance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

At the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, researchers have realized the swap of electron spins between distant quantum dots. [27] A quantum circuit that can unambiguously test for information scrambling in an experiment could help verify the calculations of quantum computers and even shed more light on what happens to quantum information when it falls into a black hole. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[233] viXra:1903.0299 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 11:46:28

Nanocrystal Quantum Dot Factory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

North Carolina State University researchers have developed a microfluidic system for synthesizing perovskite quantum dots across the entire spectrum of visible light. [29] Nanoparticles derived from tea leaves inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, destroying up to 80% of them, new research by a joint Swansea University and Indian team has shown. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27]
Category: Condensed Matter

[232] viXra:1903.0298 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 12:07:10

Adaptive Machine Learning

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 88 Pages.

Over the past few decades, many studies conducted in the field of learning science have reported that scaffolding plays an important role in human learning. [47] The researchers trained generative competitive networks to predict the behavior of charged elementary particles. The results showed that physical phenomena can be described using neural networks highly accurately. [46] New data from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) add detail-and complexity-to an intriguing puzzle that scientists have been seeking to solve: how the building blocks that make up a proton contribute to its spin. [45] Approximately one year ago, a spectacular dive into Saturn ended NASA's Cassini mission-and with it a unique, 13-year research expedition to the Saturnian system. [44] Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, and their colleagues from the international ALICE collaboration recently collided xenon nuclei, in order to gain new insights into the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (the QGP)-the matter that the universe consisted of up to a microsecond after the Big Bang. [43] The energy transfer processes that occur in this collisionless space plasma are believed to be based on wave-particle interactions such as particle acceleration by plasma waves and spontaneous wave generation, which enable energy and momentum transfer. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[231] viXra:1903.0297 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 12:37:50

AI for the Study of Sites

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 89 Pages.

This method can be used as a starting point in Taphonomy when analyzing remains in sites whose preservation does not allow distinguishing who accumulated the assemblages through the analysis of the cut or tooth marks left on the surface of the bones. [48] Over the past few decades, many studies conducted in the field of learning science have reported that scaffolding plays an important role in human learning. [47] The researchers trained generative competitive networks to predict the behavior of charged elementary particles. The results showed that physical phenomena can be described using neural networks highly accurately. [46] New data from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) add detail-and complexity-to an intriguing puzzle that scientists have been seeking to solve: how the building blocks that make up a proton contribute to its spin. [45] Approximately one year ago, a spectacular dive into Saturn ended NASA's Cassini mission-and with it a unique, 13-year research expedition to the Saturnian system. [44] Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, and their colleagues from the international ALICE collaboration recently collided xenon nuclei, in order to gain new insights into the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (the QGP)-the matter that the universe consisted of up to a microsecond after the Big Bang. [43] The energy transfer processes that occur in this collisionless space plasma are believed to be based on wave-particle interactions such as particle acceleration by plasma waves and spontaneous wave generation, which enable energy and momentum transfer. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[230] viXra:1903.0296 [pdf] replaced on 2020-09-12 15:40:29

Proof of the Collatz Conjecture Using the Div Sequence

Authors: Masashi Furuta
Comments: 14 Pages.

We define the "Div sequence" that sets up the number of times divided by 2 in the Collatz operation. Using this and the "well-founded induction", we prove the Collatz conjecture.
Category: Number Theory

[229] viXra:1903.0295 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 22:14:20

零点空格证明黎曼猜想不成立2

Authors: Aaron Chau
Comments: 2 Pages.

也因为多与少,即填得满与填不满的视觉凭证是零点空格,所以,零点空格证明黎猜不成立。
Category: Number Theory

[228] viXra:1903.0294 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-16 04:37:24

Quantum Dot Semiconductors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Tiny, easy-to-produce particles, called quantum dots, may soon take the place of more expensive single crystal semiconductors in advanced electronics found in solar panels, camera sensors and medical imaging tools. [30] North Carolina State University researchers have developed a microfluidic system for synthesizing perovskite quantum dots across the entire spectrum of visible light. [29] Nanoparticles derived from tea leaves inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, destroying up to 80% of them, new research by a joint Swansea University and Indian team has shown. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[227] viXra:1903.0293 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-16 05:33:20

Black Holes Conquer Space

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

In short, the concept of a black hole gravity machine presents humanity with a plausible path to becoming an interstellar species. In the meantime, the study of the concept will provide SETI researchers with another possible technosignature to look for. [22] Physicists have used a seven-qubit quantum computer to simulate the scrambling of information inside a black hole, heralding a future in which entangled quantum bits might be used to probe the mysterious interiors of these bizarre objects. [21]
Category: Astrophysics

[226] viXra:1903.0292 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-16 06:03:58

Neutron Protein Crystallography

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

The ability to grow large protein crystals is the single biggest bottleneck that limits the use of neutron protein crystallography in structural biology. [21] The conclusion that proteins have a terrible conductance tallies well with their general physical characteristics – they lack both electronic conduction bands and high levels of structural order. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[225] viXra:1903.0291 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-16 06:42:56

Neurotransmitters in the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Twente have designed a tiny needle in which micro-channels can be used for extracting small liquid samples from a local area of the brain. [22] The ability to grow large protein crystals is the single biggest bottleneck that limits the use of neutron protein crystallography in structural biology. [21] The conclusion that proteins have a terrible conductance tallies well with their general physical characteristics – they lack both electronic conduction bands and high levels of structural order. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[224] viXra:1903.0290 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 07:18:29

Specifications for Elementary Particles, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Unifying Physics Theories

Authors: Thomas J. Buckholtz
Comments: 27 Pages.

We suggest united models and specific predictions regarding elementary particles, dark matter, aspects of galaxy evolution, dark energy, and aspects of the cosmology timeline. Results include specific predictions for new elementary particles and specific descriptions of dark matter and dark energy. Some of our modeling matches known elementary particles and extrapolates to predict other elementary particles, including bases for dark matter. Some modeling explains observed ratios of effects of dark matter to effects of ordinary matter. Some models suggest aspects of galaxy formation and evolution. Some modeling correlates with eras of increases or decreases in the observed rate of expansion of the universe. Our modeling framework features mathematics for isotropic quantum harmonic oscillators and provides a framework for creating and unifying physics theories. Aspects of our approach emphasize existence of elementary particles and de-emphasize motion. Some of our models complement traditional quantum field theory and, for example, traditional calculations of anomalous magnetic dipole moments.
Category: Astrophysics

[223] viXra:1903.0288 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 07:47:18

Antiproton Decelerator as Antimatter Factory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27] Positronium atoms, which consist of an electron and a positron, are one type of antimatter atoms being considered to test whether antimatter falls at the same rate as matter in Earth's gravitational field. [26] Two new experiments at CERN, ALPHA-g and GBAR, have now started their journey towards answering this question. [25]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[222] viXra:1903.0287 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 08:14:59

Space-Time Symmetry Testing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

It may, however, be possible that—according to theoretical models of quantum gravitation—this uniformity of space-time does not apply to particles. [28] Additionally, the scientists observed the quantum-critical scattering rate characteristic of the Dirac fluid. [27] Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology teamed up with colleagues from the U.S. and Switzerland and returned the state of a quantum computer a fraction of a second into the past. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[221] viXra:1903.0286 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 08:22:56

Complete Unification of Electromagnetic Field and Gravitational Field Based on New Starting Postulates

Authors: Ho Dong Jo, Chol Song Kim
Comments: 60 Pages.

We presented the difficulties of Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory and Einstein’s gravitational theory in detail, established a new unified theory of field including consistent electromagnetic theory and gravitational theory on the basis of new starting postulates, and applied these theoretical methods to quantum electrodynamics. We accepted a new geometrical space in which metric tensor and all main physical functions become implicit functions, called “KR space” consistent to our starting postulates, and normalization of implicit functions in order to give physical meanings to all physical functions of implicit forms defined in this space. As a result, we naturally unraveled problem of radiation reaction, a historical difficult problem of Maxwell-Lorentz electromagnetic theory, built new quantum electrodynamics without renormalization procedure followed by quantum gravitational theory and also predicted new theoretical results which could not find in traditional theories.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[220] viXra:1903.0285 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 08:59:53

Silicon Under Intense Pressure

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

Using a new technique, researchers were able to directly watch and image this process. To their surprise, they discovered that it included an extra step that had not been seen before: After the first elastic shock wave traveled through the silicon, a second elastic wave appeared before the final inelastic wave changed the material's properties. [47] The device was produced using conventional semiconductor manufacturing processes, and the team now hopes to scale up the technology to create a silicon-based quantum-computer chip. [46] Physicists at the University of Alberta in Canada have developed a new way to build quantum memories, a method for storing delicate quantum information encoded into pulses of light. [45] Now, an Australian research team has experimentally realised a crucial combination of these capabilities on a silicon chip, bringing the dream of a universal quantum computer closer to reality. [44] A theoretical concept to realize quantum information processing has been developed by Professor Guido Burkard and his team of physicists at the University of Konstanz. [43] As the number of hacks and security breaches rapidly climbs, scientists say there may be a way to make a truly unhackable network by using the laws of quantum physics. [42] This world-first nanophotonic device, just unveiled in Nature Communications, encodes more data and processes it much faster than conventional fiber optics by using a special form of 'twisted' HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/light/" light. [41] Purdue University researchers created a new technique that would increase the secret bit rate 100-fold, to over 35 million photons per second. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39]
Category: Condensed Matter

[219] viXra:1903.0284 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 09:35:44

Netflix Speed Up Biological Imaging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

To speed up the imaging process, the researchers made their Raman system more compatible with the algorithm. [29] The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[218] viXra:1903.0283 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 10:24:06

Machine Learning Quantum Advantage

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

We are still far off from achieving Quantum Advantage for machine learning-the point at which quantum computers surpass classical computers in their ability to perform AI algorithms. [25] Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[217] viXra:1903.0282 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 10:41:54

Bi-Metric Description of Two Particles Gravitational Interaction

Authors: Lluís Bel
Comments: 10 Pages.

A bi-metric formalism is introduced to describe two bodies gravitational interaction using Whitehead's version of Schwarzschhild's original solution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[216] viXra:1903.0281 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 10:42:32

Next Generation Optical Tweezers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Scientists have developed a pioneering new technique that could pave the way for the next generation of optical tweezers. [30] To speed up the imaging process, the researchers made their Raman system more compatible with the algorithm. [29] The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[215] viXra:1903.0280 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-01 10:29:29

Investigation of the Characteristics of the Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function in the Critical Strip Using Implicit Function Properties of the Real and Imaginary Components of the Dirichlet Eta Functionv3 Poster

Authors: Andrew Alexander Logan
Comments: 1 page A0 poster, 3 figures

This poster investigates the characteristics of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function (of s) in the critical strip by using the Dirichlet eta function, which has the same zeros. The characteristics of the implicit functions for the real and imaginary components when those components are equal are investigated and it is shown that the function describing the value of the real component when the real and imaginary components are equal has a derivative that does not change sign along any of its individual curves - meaning that each value of the imaginary part of s produces at most one zero. Combined with the fact that the zeros of the Riemann xi function are also the zeros of the zeta function and xi(s) = xi(1-s), this leads to the conclusion that the Riemann Hypothesis is true.
Category: General Mathematics

[214] viXra:1903.0279 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 12:31:27

Учение о системах и структурах организаций

Authors: Попов Борис Михайлович
Comments: 86 Pages. «Концерн «СОЗВЕЗДИЕ». – Воронеж, 2009. – 86 с. ISВN 978-5-900777-19-1

В монографии излагается учение об организациях, системах и структурах, базирующееся на представлении об их контекстной зависимости, как теоретических понятий, так и взаимообусловленности их существования в коммуникативном мире, как целостной триады. В рамках используемой автором теоретической платформы, − тринитарной парадигмы, несколько иное видение, по отношению к традиционному, получают понятия «информация» и «энергия». Книга рассчитана на широкий круг читателей, интересующихся проблемами организации и самоорганизации. Требования к исходным знаниям невысоки. Необходимые для понимания содержания книги сведения по математике, физике и биологии, даются по ходу изложения, которое проиллюстрировано многочисленными примерами, облегчающими усвоение прочитанного материала. Читателю гарантируется стремительный рост знаний с продвижением от первого абзаца к последнему. Может рассматриваться преподавателями технических вузов на предмет использования в качестве дополнительного учебного пособия для студентов, осваивающих курсы дисциплин проектирования организационно сложных комплексов. В т. ч. проектирования, с использованием нанотехнологий.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[213] viXra:1903.0278 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 12:35:15

Опыты яснопонимания

Authors: Попов Борис Михайлович
Comments: 46 Pages. Язык русский, ВНИИС. – Воронеж, 2005. – 46 с. ISВN 5-900777-13-8

В книге представлены опыты яснопонимания, производимые на методологической базе синергетического мировидения. Диапазон тем широк, а цель одна – инициировать проявление способности к интуитивному мышлению, так необходимому в наше неспокойное время. Рассчитана на широкий круг читателей, интересующихся наукой и паранаукой и настроенных на созидательную деятельность. Требования к исходным знаниям невысоки, но необходима склонность к философским размышлениям.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[212] viXra:1903.0276 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 16:02:21

QSSC Model's Next Step is the Stoe

Authors: John Hodge
Comments: 5 Pages.

The Quasi-Steady State Cosmology (QSSC) posits a continuous creation at the center of galaxies. The Scalar Theory of Everything (STOE) posits the components of the universe have a creation and an end. A Sink at the center of elliptical galaxies is added to the Source of the QSSC at the center of Spiral galaxies. This allows the explanation of many more anomalous cosmological observations and allows correspondence with quantum mechanics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[211] viXra:1903.0275 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 18:28:01

Artificial Intelligent Vehicle Speed Control System Using RF Technology

Authors: Saurabh S. Kore, Kanchan Y. Hanwate, Ashwin S. Moon, Hemant P. Chavan
Comments: 4 Pages.

Traffic congestion nowadays leads to a strong degradation of the network infrastructure and the high number of the vehicle which is caused by the population. With an increase in the number of vehicles and transportation demand, traffic congestion occurs. Conventional techniques are unable to handle variable flow with time. Hence the accident ratio is increases We all know that in order to control traffic and for the safety of the public, traffic signals are used. These signals are generally seen where two or more roads are connected to each other. These traffic signal rules are not generally followed by the people either due to lack of attention or due to speeding of vehicles which causes accidents frequently. Though accidents due to lack of attention to traffic signal cannot be avoided but accidents due to speeding of vehicles near traffic signals could be avoided. In order to avoid such kind of accidents near traffic signals; ‘smart signal system’ should be introduced. This system takes the total control of the vehicle in its own band. This project consists of two separate modules, i.e. transmitter and receiver. The transmitter will be attached to signals and receiver will be attached to vehicles. The information in the form of signals are sent by the system and they are received by the receiver attached to the vehicle. The vehicle control unit automatically alerts the driver and reduces the speed automatically. This system takes total control of vehicles for a few seconds. The proposed technique uses a small system to avoid accidents and hence safety is achieved.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[210] viXra:1903.0274 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 19:30:59

The Wave Function of the Universe near the Big-Bang Singularity and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle

Authors: Tatsuyuki Sugawa
Comments: 19 Pages.

We investigate the Friedmann equations and the Wheeler-DeWitt equations in three dimensional pure gravity under the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) effects. In addition we study the wave functions near the Big-Bang singularity as the solutions of the deformed Wheeler-DeWitt equation in momentum space. The resulting wave functions are represented as the Mathieu functions. The GUP is considered in the context of the Snyder non-commutative space.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[209] viXra:1903.0272 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 03:43:08

Organic Network Control Systems Challenges in Building a Generic Solution for Network Protocol Optimisation

Authors: Matthias Bloch
Comments: 7 Pages.

In the last years many approaches for dynamic protocol adaption in networks have been made and proposed. Most of them deal with a particular environment, but a much more desired approach would be to design a generic solution for this problem. Creating an independent system regarding the network type it operates in and therefore the protocol type that needs to be adapted is a big issue. In this paper we want to discuss certain problems that come with this task and why they have to be taken into account when it comes to designing such a generic system. At first we will see a generic architecture approach for such a system followed by a comparison of currently existing Organic Network Control Systems for adapting protocols in a Mobile Ad-hoc network and a Peer-to-Peer network. After identifying major problems we will summarize and evaluate the achieved results.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[208] viXra:1903.0271 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 04:12:13

Complexity in Proton Spin Puzzle

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 86 Pages.

New data from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) add detail—and complexity—to an intriguing puzzle that scientists have been seeking to solve: how the building blocks that make up a proton contribute to its spin. [45] Approximately one year ago, a spectacular dive into Saturn ended NASA's Cassini mission—and with it a unique, 13-year research expedition to the Saturnian system. [44] Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, and their colleagues from the international ALICE collaboration recently collided xenon nuclei, in order to gain new insights into the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (the QGP) – the matter that the universe consisted of up to a microsecond after the Big Bang. [43]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[207] viXra:1903.0270 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 05:19:30

Recovering Scattered Data with SMART

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

High-capacity optical communication can be accomplished by multiplexing multiple light-carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) channels. [31] Scientists have developed a pioneering new technique that could pave the way for the next generation of optical tweezers. [30] To speed up the imaging process, the researchers made their Raman system more compatible with the algorithm. [29] The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[206] viXra:1903.0268 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 06:05:04

Some Models in the Context of Cryo-em Image Processing Applications – a Simple & Novel Suggestion Using [biips/dlib Ml/quantum Device] – as Next Generation Intelligent Electron Microscopy Informatics Platform.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 2 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Some Models in the context of cryo-EM Image Processing Applications – A Simple & Novel Suggestion Using - [BIIPS/dlib ML/quantum Device] – as Next Generation Intelligent Electron Microscopy Informatics Platform.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[205] viXra:1903.0265 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 07:17:30

AI Predict Elementary Particle Signals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 87 Pages.

The researchers trained generative competitive networks to predict the behavior of charged elementary particles. The results showed that physical phenomena can be described using neural networks highly accurately. [46] New data from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) add detail-and complexity-to an intriguing puzzle that scientists have been seeking to solve: how the building blocks that make up a proton contribute to its spin. [45] Approximately one year ago, a spectacular dive into Saturn ended NASA's Cassini mission-and with it a unique, 13-year research expedition to the Saturnian system. [44] Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, and their colleagues from the international ALICE collaboration recently collided xenon nuclei, in order to gain new insights into the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (the QGP)-the matter that the universe consisted of up to a microsecond after the Big Bang. [43] The energy transfer processes that occur in this collisionless space plasma are believed to be based on wave-particle interactions such as particle acceleration by plasma waves and spontaneous wave generation, which enable energy and momentum transfer. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[204] viXra:1903.0264 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 07:57:34

Clever Battery Bio-Computer and Little Brain in Shell-Less Culture Systems of Chick Embryos

Authors: Alireza Sepehri
Comments: 10 pages, 11 figures

A shell less culture system for chick embryo could be used to produce a clever battery or bio-computer. In this system, after 50 hourses after incubatating, a heart is emerged which send blood molecules to each side and produces a biological current. This current carries charged particles and molecules and creates an electrical current and differences potential between center of heart and sides of shell-less vessels. If we put two metal bars in center and side of vessel, we can take electrical current and use of it industry. This causes that shell-less culture system plays the role of battery. This battery is clever and by closing another shell less culture system produce different currents. This is because that a collections of neurons are emerged on the heart in shell less cuture system which plays the role of a little brain. This little brain exchange information with medium and control voluntary actions of system For this reason, this system not only has the role of battery but also could be used as a bio-computer.
Category: Mind Science

[203] viXra:1903.0263 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 08:38:37

Quantum Computer Reverse Time

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology teamed up with colleagues from the U.S. and Switzerland and returned the state of a quantum computer a fraction of a second into the past. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[202] viXra:1903.0262 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 09:19:44

AI Solve Quantum Mysteries

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Under the direction of Mobileye founder Amnon Shashua, a research group at Hebrew University of Jerusalem's School of Engineering and Computer Science has proven that artificial intelligence (AI) can help us understand the world on an infinitesimally small scale called quantum physics phenomena. [27] Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology teamed up with colleagues from the U.S. and Switzerland and returned the state of a quantum computer a fraction of a second into the past. [26]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[201] viXra:1903.0260 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 10:36:13

Current Trends in Extended Classifier System

Authors: Zeshan Murtza
Comments: 5 Pages.

Learning is a way which improves our ability to solve problems related to the environment surrounding us. Extended Classifier System (XCS) is a learning classifier system that use reinforcement learning mechanism to solve complex problems with robust performance. It is an accuracy-based system that works by observing environment, taking input from it and applying suitable actions. Every action of XCS gets a feedback in return from the environment which is used to improve its performance. It also has ability to apply genetic algorithm (GA) on existing classifiers and create new ones by taking cross-over and mutation which have better performance. XCS handles single step and multi-step problems by using different methods like Q-learning mechanism. The ultimate challenge of XCS is to design an implementation which arrange multiple components in a unique way to produce compact and comprehensive solution in a least amount of time. Real time implementation requires flexibility for modifications and uniqueness to cover all aspects. XCS has recently been modified for real input values and a memory management system is also introduced which enhance its ability in different kind of applications like data mining, control stock exchange. In this article, there will be a brief discussion about the parameter and components of XCS. Main part of this article will cover the extended versions of XCS with further improvements and focus on applications, usage in real environment and relationship with organic computing
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[200] viXra:1903.0259 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 11:00:31

Quantum-Critical Conductivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Additionally, the scientists observed the quantum-critical scattering rate characteristic of the Dirac fluid. [27] Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology teamed up with colleagues from the U.S. and Switzerland and returned the state of a quantum computer a fraction of a second into the past. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[199] viXra:1903.0258 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 11:31:16

ATLAS Experiment Results

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28] The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27] Positronium atoms, which consist of an electron and a positron, are one type of antimatter atoms being considered to test whether antimatter falls at the same rate as matter in Earth's gravitational field. [26]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[198] viXra:1903.0257 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 11:39:27

About Beta Decay

Authors: Ilgaitis Prūsis, Peteris Prūsis
Comments: 4 pages

Contemporary physics states that an electron neutrino takes part in all events of beta decay. Here we show that electron-positron pairs participate in all beta decay events. For this reason, the hypothesis of electron neutrino presence is not necessary in β¯, β+ and electron capture reactions.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[197] viXra:1903.0256 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-03 16:11:44

A New Algebraic Approach to the Graph Isomorphism and Clique Problems

Authors: Roman Galay
Comments: 14 Pages. roman.galay.2019@gmail.com

As it follows from Gödel's incompleteness theorems, any consistent formal system of axioms and rules of inference should imply a true unprovable statement. Actually this fundamental principle can be efficiently applicable in Computational Mathematics and Complexity Theory concerning the computational complexity of problems from the class NP, particularly and especially the NP-complete ones. While there is a wide set of algorithms for these problems that we call heuristic, the correctness or/and complexity of each concrete algorithm (or the probability of its correct and polynomial-time work) on a class of instances is often too difficult to determine, although we may also assume the existence of a variety of algorithms for NP-complete problems that are both correct and polynomial-time on all the instances from a given class (where the given problem remains NP-complete), but whose correctness or/and polynomial-time complexity on the class is impossible to prove as an example for Gödel's theorems. However, supposedly such algorithms should possess a certain complicatedness of processing the input data and treat it in a certain algebraically “entangled” manner. The same algorithmic analysis in fact concerns all the other significant problems and subclasses of NP, such as the graph isomorphism problem and its associated complexity class GI. The following short article offers a couple of algebraically entangled polynomial-time algorithms for the graph isomorphism and clique problems whose correctness is yet to be determined either empirically or through attempting to find proofs. Besides, the paper contains a description of an equation system for elements of a set of groups (which can also be interpreted as an algebraic equation system) that can be polynomial-time reduced to a graph isomorphism problem and, in the same time, is a non-linear extension of a system of modular linear equations where each equation has its own modulus (hence implying the question whether it’s NP-complete).
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[196] viXra:1903.0255 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 16:31:06

Resurrection of the Dead and the Organization of the Society of Electronic e-Beings.

Authors: Olga Lyubavina, Alexander Bolonkin
Comments: 9 Pages.

Alexander Bolonkin in his works [1-7] proposed methods of electronic immortality of modern people. He predicted the gradual replacement of biological humanity E-beings, considered their advantages and disadvantages (see List of references in given articles). The author considers methods and modern possibilities of resurrection of long-dead outstanding personalities. It also considers the principles and organization of the new E-society, its goals and conditions of existence.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[195] viXra:1903.0253 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-09 09:22:10

Predicting the Gravitational Constant from the New Physics of a Rotating Universe

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 11 Pages.

Granular Spacetime Sphere Theory predicts that our universe is a sphere made of spheres. This theory is taken down to its roots and shows that the universe starts with what could be labeled a quasi-point particle and builds it up to a multiverse. The theory can now be used to predict a gravitational constant of $G=6.674379282299*10^{-11}\frac{m^3}{kg*s^2}$This is in line with the low sigma measurements of $6.674184 *10^{-11}\frac{m^3}{kg*s^2}$ [6]$6.674484*10^{-11}\frac{m^3}{kg*s^2}$[6] $6.67433*10^{-11}\frac{m^3}{kg*s^2}$[7] and the UZur-06 measurement of $6.67425*10^{-11}\frac{m^3}{kg*s^2}$ This value obtained in this paper affirms the values shown in the Nature Article “Measurements of the gravitational constant using two independent methods” and it affirms that there really was no big bang and the universe is actually rotating and the size is limited by the outer edge not being able to move faster than the speed of light.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[194] viXra:1903.0252 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-17 15:35:37

The Big Bang Disproved

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 10 Pages.

Granular Spacetime Sphere Theory predicts that our universe is a sphere made of spheres. This theory is taken down to its roots and shows that the universe starts with what could be labeled a quasi-point particle and builds it up to a multiverse. This paper shows that the gravitational constant can be predicted by a rotating universe and thus disproves the Big Bang Theory. This paper shows that the size of the universe is limited by the speed of light.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[193] viXra:1903.0251 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 19:38:04

Thermodynamics Super Efficiency

Authors: Jose Iraides Belandria
Comments: 8 Pages.

This article shows a surprising prediction of the global formulation of the second law of thermodynamics that suggests the hypothetical existence of super-efficient thermodynamics processes. Such processes, according to the local formulation of the second law of thermodynamics, may occur as a consequence of an internal entropy coupling between the different systems that make up the universe of the process. In this way, the heuristic combination of the aforementioned formulations predicts the theoretical existence of an operation zone where thermodynamic processes can produce more mechanical work than conventional reversible operations.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[192] viXra:1903.0250 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 23:01:50

The 3 Years Mark I Was not Counting, Then All Went Beyond.

Authors: AR. Scholar
Comments: 4 Pages. special submission

What 3 Years and More of Human Effort in Science, and the Philosophy of Virtuous Scholar takes a Toll? A special 1000 publication, marks the long overdued 3 years human effort - unceasing to arrive to conclude the scholar phase, and yet had arrived at a scholar phase. The complexity in writing and complex reflections and questions posted, brings about the philosophy behind our scholar and academy of science cycle. And how science can be appreciated from the missing of 'humanity' or emotions that are soughted upon (eg. fulfilment to a task? a shared journey with scientist?). How science or education can be appreciated and improved, with the identificatio of "connection?", identification of reality sense, and to differentiate the extraordinary out of ordinary, and to react to ordinary and to response effectively to extraordinary.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[191] viXra:1903.0249 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 23:19:02

An Insight Into Antlr(antlr)/jedit/netbeans/eclipse/java/jvm/jikesrvm/osgi as Bioinformatics Platform in the Context of Dna/rna Sequencing & Gene Chip Design – a Simple & Interesting Suggestion Towards Interfacing Nano-Bio Systems /iot Hardware & Software

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

An Insight into ANTLR(antlr)/jEdit/NetBeans/Eclipse/Java/JVM/JikesRVM/OSGi as Bioinformatics Platform in the Context of DNA/RNA Sequencing & Gene Chip Design – A Simple & Interesting Suggestion towards Interfacing Nano-Bio Systems/IoT Hardware & Software/HPC Environments.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[190] viXra:1903.0248 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 04:13:07

Universe Expansion Black Holes Nuclear Forces

Authors: Michael Tzoumpas
Comments: 9 Pages.

The accelerated expansion of Universe is caused by the Universal antigravity force, with which the Hubble’s Law is proved. The black holes are sustainable matter forms of the dynamic space that cannot disappear, because of the particulate antigravity force that prevents the further gravitational collapse. The inverse electric-nuclear field causes the nuclear forces, namely the strong nuclear force and the nuclear antigravity one, on which the architecture of the nuclei model is based.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[189] viXra:1903.0247 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 07:24:42

Beta-Decay Puzzle Solved

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

An international collaboration including scientists at the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) solved a 50-year-old puzzle that explains why beta decays of atomic nuclei are slower than what is expected based on the beta decays of free neutrons. [12] Analysis of data from the MINOS+ experiment reveals no evidence for oscillations involving sterile neutrinos. [11] Physicists have hypothesized the existence of fundamental particles called sterile neutrinos for decades and a couple of experiments have even caught possible hints of them. However, according to new results from two major international consortia, the chances that these indications were right and that these particles actually exist are now much slimmer. [10] The MIT team studied the distribution of neutrino flavors generated in Illinois, versus those detected in Minnesota, and found that these distributions can be explained most readily by quantum phenomena: As neutrinos sped between the reactor and detector, they were statistically most likely to be in a state of superposition, with no definite flavor or identity. [9] A new study reveals that neutrinos produced in the core of a supernova are highly localised compared to neutrinos from all other known sources. This result stems from a fresh estimate for an entity characterising these neutrinos, known as wave packets, which provide information on both their position and their momentum. [8] It could all have been so different. When matter first formed in the universe, our current theories suggest that it should have been accompanied by an equal amount of antimatter-a conclusion we know must be wrong, because we wouldn't be here if it were true. Now the latest results from a pair of experiments designed to study the behaviour of neutrinos-particles that barely interact with the rest of the universe-could mean we're starting to understand why. [7] In 2012, a tiny flash of light was detected deep beneath the Antarctic ice. A burst of neutrinos was responsible, and the flash of light was their calling card. It might not sound momentous, but the flash could give us tantalising insights into one of the most energetic objects in the distant universe. The light was triggered by the universe's most elusive particles when they made contact with a remarkable detector, appropriately called IceCube, which was built for the very purpose of capturing rare events such as this. [6]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[188] viXra:1903.0246 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 07:52:44

Scaling Silicon Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

Research collaboration between UNSW and the University of Sydney has overcome a fundamental hurdle to building quantum computers in silicon, opening the way to further develop the machines at scale. [42] Experimental photonic switches tested by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A., show promise toward the goal of fully optical, high-capacity switching for future high-speed data transmission networks. [41] Their research involved exploring how to exploit multicore fiber-optic technology that is expected to be used in future transmission networks. [40] When Greg Bowman presents a slideshow about the proteins he studies, their 3-D shapes and folding patterns play out as animations on a big screen. [39] Researchers at the University of Helsinki uncovered the mechanisms for a novel cellular stress response arising from the toxicity of newly synthesized proteins. [38] Scientists have long sought to develop drug therapies that can more precisely diagnose, target and effectively treat life-threatening illness such as cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. [37] Skin cells taken from patients with a rare genetic disorder are up to ten times more sensitive to damage from ultraviolet A (AVA) radiation in laboratory tests, than those from a healthy population, according to new research from the University of Bath. [36] The use of stem cells to repair organs is one of the foremost goals of modern regenerative medicine. [35] Using new technology to reveal the 3-D organization of DNA in maturing male reproductive cells, scientists revealed a crucial period in development that helps explain how fathers pass on genetic information to future generations. [34] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Down syndrome is the most common birth defect, occurring once in every 700 births. [33] Healing is a complex process in adult skin impairments, requiring collaborative biochemical processes for onsite repair. [32]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[187] viXra:1903.0245 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 08:14:11

Extremely Weak Magnetic Signals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Physicists at Saarland University have developed magnetic field sensors that are breaking sensitivity records and opening up a whole range of potential new applications, from non-contact measurements of the electrical activity in the human heart or brain to detecting ore deposits or archaeological remains deep underground. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors-sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[186] viXra:1903.0244 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 10:13:23

A New Tensor in Differential Geometry

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 2 pages, written in english

We propose a 3-form in differential geometry which depends only of a connection over the tangent fiber bundle.
Category: Geometry

[185] viXra:1903.0243 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 10:49:22

Standard Model Fermions and Higgs Scalar Field from PCCR Operator Algebra

Authors: Peter Hickman
Comments: 4 Pages.

A fundamental theory of fermions is proposed by constructing the Dirac gamma matrices using pCCR operators. The result is the fermions of the Standard Model, 3 generations of leptons and quarks and the chiral nature of su(2) is revealed. In addition the pCCR operators generates a Higgs complex scalar doublet and that space-time is found to be 4d.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[184] viXra:1903.0242 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 11:39:19

System of Particles and Field in a Unified Field Theory

Authors: Jean Claude Dutailly
Comments: 142 Pages.

In previous contributions I have presented a unified theory of particles and field, in the Geometry of General Relativity, which accounts for all the known force fields, as well as the properties of elementary particles, without the need to invoke additional dimension or special physical phenomenon. In this paper the theory is fully detailed, and its focus is on models of systems of elementary particles interacting with the field. The equations are established for continuous systems and solutions, as well as methods to solve the usual cases are exposed in the model of 2 particles. It is then possible to build clear models of systems such as nuclei and atoms and study the conditions for their stability. It gives also another vision of the special behavior of the nuclear forces. Discontinuous processes involve discontinuities in the field and I show that they can be represented by particles-like objects, the bosons. Their interaction with particles is formalized in a rigorous but simple way.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[183] viXra:1903.0241 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 13:24:51

A Note of Differential Geometry

Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this note, we give an application of the Method of the Repère Mobile to the Ellipsoid of Reference in Geodesy using a symplectic approach.
Category: Geometry

[182] viXra:1903.0240 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 13:33:35

Afforestation and Reforestation Management in Romania Migrating to Sustainability and Responsibility

Authors: Ciprian Palaghianu
Comments: 8 Pages. Palaghianu, C. (2018). Afforestation and reforestation management in Romania ‐ migrating to sustainability and responsibility. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Integrated Management of Environmental Resources, (3), 46-52

Considering the present state of afforestation and reforestation management in Romania, the process of renewing the forestation paradigm is analysed. Most of the management systems use an iterative method of improving the outcomes. Considering the classical phases Plan-Do-Check-Adjust, the forest management system is broken into pieces in order to reveal potential gaps from planning to system adjustments regarding forestation in Romania. The official data reports, national statistics and forest regulations represent evidences of a system that fails to progress. The weak integration of PanEuropean criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management, the lack of a robust planning system and the poor capacity of accessing European funds are considered major gaps. The whole framework of afforestation and reforestation should be revised to comply with recent realities and objectives (social, economic, environmental). At present time Romanian forest management still forges tomorrow’s forests using regulations fitted to communist era, without taking into account updated objectives regarding social needs, economic benefits, climate change mitigation or the new types of property. Several suggestions for improving the afforestation and reforestation framework were provided.
Category: Social Science

[181] viXra:1903.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 14:34:40

Plasma Focus on Twists and Turns

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Whether zipping through a star or a fusion device on Earth, the electrically charged particles that make up the fourth state of matter better known as plasma are bound to magnetic field lines like beads on a string. [41] Such plasmonic resonances have significant roles in biosensing with ability to improve the resolution and sensitivity required to detect particles at the scale of the single molecule. [40] A novel quantum effect observed in a carbon nanotube film could lead to the development of unique lasers and other optoelectronic devices, according to scientists at Rice University and Tokyo Metropolitan University. [39]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[180] viXra:1903.0238 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 14:49:59

Metasurface Rotates Polarization

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Michigan and City University of New York have recently proposed and experimentally validated a transparent, electronically tunable metasurface. [34] By measuring how the electric current of an ionic fluid is generated by the flow of water through ångström-sized channels, researchers in France and the UK have discovered that this current is sensitive to an electric field when pressure is applied. [33] Devices based on magnonic currents-quasi-particles associated with waves of magnetization, or spin waves, in certain magnetic materials-would transform the industry, though scientists need to better understand how to control them. [32] Such devices would use magnetic films and superconducting thin films to deploy and manipulate magnetic monopoles to sort and store data based on the north or south direction of their poles-analogous to the ones and zeros in conventional magnetic storage devices. [31] The vacuum is filled with quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field-virtual photons that pop in and out of existence-that are assumed to behave in the same way. To make the plates repulsive and tunable, Wilczek and Stockholm University colleague Qing-Dong Jiang inserted a material between the plates that breaks this behavior. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29] Engineers at MIT and Penn State University have found that under the right conditions, ordinary clear water droplets on a transparent surface can produce brilliant colors, without the addition of inks or dyes. [28]
Category: Condensed Matter

[179] viXra:1903.0236 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 15:13:02

Resolving Limits of Organic Systems in Large Scale Environments: Evaluate Benefits of Holonic Systems Over Classical Approaches

Authors: Claudio Schmidt
Comments: 5 Pages.

With the rapidly increasing number of devices and application components interacting with each other within larger complex systems, classical system hierarchies increasingly hit their limit when it comes to highly scalable and possibly fluctual organic systems. The holonic approach for self-* systems states to solve some of these problems. In this paper, limits of different state-of-the-art technologies and possible solutions to those will be identified and ranked for scalability, privacy, reliability and performance under fluctuating conditions. Subsequently, the idea and structure of holonic systems will be outlined, and how to utilize the previously described solutions combined in a holonic environment to resolve those limits. Furthermore, they will be classified in the context of current multi-agent-systems (MAS). The focus of this work is located in the area of smart energy grids and similar structures, however an outlook sketches a few further application scenarios for holonic structures.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[178] viXra:1903.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 16:43:54

Bjerknes Brachistochrone Photon V2

Authors: David E. Fuller, Dahl Winters
Comments: 8 Pages.

Ideal Fluid Solution Merging Quantum Physics & Classical Physics Planck Momentum is a Catenary
Category: Quantum Physics

[177] viXra:1903.0231 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 22:17:08

Espil's Theorem Corollary.

Authors: Federico Espil
Comments: 5 Pages.

Shortly from the Espil's theorem, we can derive the generalized Dirichlet integral for any natural value when the hole integrand is raised to the n-th power.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[176] viXra:1903.0228 [pdf] replaced on 2019-07-08 11:28:03

The Strange Attractor Structure of Turbulence and Effective Field Theories

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 8 Pages. Second draft, work in progress.

Recent work has conjectured that, under general boundary conditions, non-equilibrium Renormalization Group flows are likely to end up on strange attractors. If this conjecture is true, effective field theories must necessarily reflect the properties of these attractors. We start from the observation that, seemingly disparate concepts such as the Berry phase, gauge potentials and the curvature tensor of General Relativity (GR), share a common geometric foundation. Developing further, we posit that the dynamics of gauge and gravitational fields may be derived from the global attributes of strange attractors. The motivation behind this ansatz is that the Navier-Stokes equations bridge the gap between fluid turbulence, on the one hand, and the mathematics of GR and gauge theory, on the other.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[175] viXra:1903.0227 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 04:06:09

Electromechanical Gyroscope-Accelerometer (Invention)

Authors: Karlo Moistsrapishvili
Comments: 7 Pages.

This paper proposes a new, simple design of a gyroscope with operating principles used to create an accelerometer with a number of advantages compared to its predecessors. Special electric circuit to measure acceleration is based on electromagnetic induction principles, ensuring high accuracy of measurements. The proposed device allows to measure acceleration of linear as well as curvilinear motions.
Category: Classical Physics

[174] viXra:1903.0225 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 07:08:44

Анти-Кулигин (о реакционной группе «Анализ») *** Anti-Kuligin (About the Reaction Group "Analysis" of Mr. Kuligin)

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 42 Pages. In Russian (please learn Russian) Robert Yusupov <©> Anti-Kuligin Mar 13, 2019

Некто Кулигин, по образованию физик, вот уже несколько лет в сети интернет ведёт агрессивное наступление на стройное научное учение, на марксизм-ленинизм, на марксистско-ленинскую философию в целом и на её первый раздел – диалектический материализм. Господин Кулигин признает определённую взаимосвязь и взаимозависимость между физикой и философией. Это редкостное явление для современных физиков. Но пытаясь решить вопрос о корнях и причинах глобального кризиса в современной физике, этот гражданин скатывается на позиции яростного противника диалектического материализма. Более того он пытается провести ревизию диалектического материализма. Основной удар этот ревизионист пытается нанести в самое сердце диалектического материализма, по одному из его основополагающих принципов. Удар наносится по «Основному вопросу философии». Да это действительно основной, ключевой вопрос всяческой философии, ведь в зависимости от решения этого вопроса происходит отнесение той или иной школы философии к одному из двух основных направлений в философии – к материализму или к идеализму. «Военная хитрость» этого господина заключается в том, что он пытается отменить основной вопрос философии, как его ставят сторонники диалектического материализма, объявив его ложным. Одновременно сей ренегат предлагает заменить этот вопрос неким суррогатом своего собственного изготовления. Вместо основного вопроса философии г. Кулигин подсовывает, подбрасывает свою гнилую, идеалистическую идею о его замене на вопрос об истинности основ и корней той или иной школы философии. В настоящей статье даётся решительный отпор этой идеалистической, идеологической, буржуазной провокации со стороны сил реакции и мракобесия. В настоящей статье обосновывается несостоятельность «основного вопроса» в варианте (по версии) г. Кулигина. В статье показывается обречённость на провал потуг и попыток всяческого рода ревизионистов, отступников и предателей диалектического материализма. Ключевые слова: природа, материя, философия, физика, диалектический материализм, идеализм, основной вопрос философии, истина, ложь ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Someone Kuligin, a physicist by training, on the Internet is conducting an aggressive attack on Marxist-Leninist philosophy as a whole and on its first section — dialectical materialism. Mr. Kuligin recognizes a certain relationship between physics and philosophy. This is a rare phenomenon for modern physicists. But trying to resolve the question of the roots and causes of the global crisis in modern physics, this gentleman is slipping into the position of a fierce opponent of dialectical materialism. Moreover, he is trying to revise dialectical materialism. The revisionist tries to strike the main blow at the very heart of dialectical materialism, on one of its fundamental principles. The blow is struck on the “Basic Question of Philosophy”. This is really the main question of philosophy. Depending on the solution of this question, this or that school of philosophy is attributed to one of two main directions in philosophy - to materialism or to idealism. The “military trick” of this gentleman is that he is trying to cancel the basic question of philosophy, as advocates of dialectical materialism put it, declaring it false. At the same time, this renegade proposes to replace this question with a kind of surrogate for its own preparation. Instead of the basic question of philosophy, Mr. Kuligin slips, throws up his rotten, idealistic idea of replacing it with the question of the truth of the foundations and roots of one or another school of philosophy. Present article gives a decisive rebuff to this idealistic, ideological, bourgeois provocation by the forces of reaction and obscurantism. Present article substantiates the inconsistency of the version of the “basic question” proposed by Kuligin. Present article shows the doom to failure of the attempts of every kind of revisionists, apostates and traitors of dialectical materialism. Key words: nature, matter, philosophy, physics, dialectical materialism, idealism, the main question of philosophy, truth, falsehood
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[173] viXra:1903.0224 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 08:43:18

A Model of Lepton and Quark Structure

Authors: Risto Raitio
Comments: 5 Pages. This is a typo corrected manuscript reconstruction (February 2018), published as Physica Scripta, Vol. 22, 197-198, 1980.

We propose a model of particles with two very massive fundamental constituents, maxons. One of them is a fractionally charged color triplet and the other is neutral color singlet. Leptons, quarks and the weak bosons are quasiparticles in the system of interacting maxons. Some implications of the model are discussed.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[172] viXra:1903.0223 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 09:03:33

Comparing Anytime Learning to Organic Computing

Authors: Thomas Dangl
Comments: 5 Pages.

In environments where finding the best solution to a given problem is computationally infeasible or undesirable due to other restrictions, the approach of anytime learning has become the de facto standard. Anytime learning allows intelligent systems to adapt and remain operational in a constantly changing environment. Based on observation of the environment, the underlying simulation model is changed to fit the task and the learning process begins anew. This process is expected to never terminate, therefore continually improving the set of available strategies. Optimal management of uncertainty in tasks, which require a solution in real time, can be achieved by assuming faulty yet improving output. Properties of such a system are not unlike those present in organic systems. This article aims to give an introduction to anytime learning in general as well as to show the similarities to organic computing in regards to the methods and strategies used in both domains.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[171] viXra:1903.0222 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 09:10:42

Quantum Measurement Cooling

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19] It's well-known that when a quantum system is continuously measured, it freezes, i.e., it stops changing, which is due to a phenomenon called the quantum Zeno effect. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[170] viXra:1903.0221 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 09:49:04

Quantum Information Scrambling

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

A quantum circuit that can unambiguously test for information scrambling in an experiment could help verify the calculations of quantum computers and even shed more light on what happens to quantum information when it falls into a black hole. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[169] viXra:1903.0220 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 10:37:14

AdS/CFT in the Mandelbrot Set

Authors: Jonathan J. Dickau
Comments: 5 Pages. Essay written for 2019 Gravity Research Foundation Awards for Essays on Gravitation – submitted March 5, 2019

The AdS/CFT conjecture of Juan Maldacena is a cornerstone of Modern Physics, but why it works remains a mystery. The appearance of Cartan’s rolling-ball analogy for G2 symmetries in the Mandelbrot Set offers a window on correspondences between interactions in the higher-d precursor and 4-d spacetime implied by AdS/CFT. Recent theories suggest a literal embodiment of AdS/CFT in a black hole in 5-d → 4-d white hole/bubble on the holographic boundary. This transition is represented in the Mandelbrot Set at (-0.75,0i) where the boundary folds back on itself and we see a pseudo-symmetric mirroring of features in the cardioid, depicting 5-d evolution, with features in the circular region representing 4-d spacetime. This shows how the force of fermionic mass in the outward-pressing hypersurface of the early universe becomes the inward-facing pull of gravity toward the center of massive objects, in the present-day cosmos, which explains the weakness of gravity, and accelerating expansion.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[168] viXra:1903.0219 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 11:12:05

Security Paths in the Universe

Authors: Timoteo Briet Blanes
Comments: 40 Pages.

If you want to explain how the Universe works, it is necessary to know how the clusters of matter that originate the galaxies and the clusters of galaxies that originate the large-scale geometry of the Universe are formed. On the other hand, it is also necessary to know the mechanisms by which galaxies evolve and interact among them, and also, what the process for mater aggregation are. Finally, it is also necessary, therefore, an explanation of dark matter in terms of properties and not its composition, since it is a majority part of the matter of the Universe. A series of mechanisms and numerical models are established, which explain all this.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[167] viXra:1903.0218 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 11:36:50

Plasmonic Switching and Encoding

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

Such plasmonic resonances have significant roles in biosensing with ability to improve the resolution and sensitivity required to detect particles at the scale of the single molecule. [40] A novel quantum effect observed in a carbon nanotube film could lead to the development of unique lasers and other optoelectronic devices, according to scientists at Rice University and Tokyo Metropolitan University. [39] This "piezomagnetic" material changes its magnetic properties when put under mechanical strain. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[166] viXra:1903.0217 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 12:12:24

Space Radiation Detector Masterpieces

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Technology originally developed for CERN's Large Hadron Collider and then flown in space by ESA is now being used to analyse historic artworks, helping to detect forgeries. [25] Entangled photons generated by a spaceborne quantum source could enable hack-proof key exchange for ultra high security applications. [24] These qubits are based on silicon carbide in which molybdenum impurities create color centers. [23] Scientists at Radboud University discovered a new mechanism for magnetic storage of information in the smallest unit of matter: a single atom. [22] One of these are single-atom magnets: storage devices consisting of individual atoms stuck ("adsorbed") on a surface, each atom able to store a single bit of data that can be written and read using quantum mechanics. [21] Physicists have experimentally demonstrated 18-qubit entanglement, which is the largest entangled state achieved so far with individual control of each qubit. [20] University of Adelaide-led research has moved the world one step closer to reliable, high-performance quantum computing. [19] A team of researchers with members from IBM Research-Zurich and RWTH Aachen University has announced the development of a new PCM (phase change memory) design that offers miniaturized memory cell volume down to three nanometers. [18] Monatomic glassy antimony might be used as a new type of single-element phase change memory. [17] Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16] Quantum memories are devices that can store quantum information for a later time, which are usually implemented by storing and re-emitting photons with certain quantum states. [15]
Category: Astrophysics

[165] viXra:1903.0216 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 12:41:42

Redefine Protein Conductances

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

The conclusion that proteins have a terrible conductance tallies well with their general physical characteristics – they lack both electronic conduction bands and high levels of structural order. [20] In their proof-of-concept study, the protein nanowires formed an electrically conductive network when introduced into the polymer polyvinyl alcohol. [19] Nanocages are highly interesting molecular constructs, from the point of view of both fundamental science and possible applications. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

[164] viXra:1903.0215 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 13:40:21

Performance Measurement of Multi-Agent Systems

Authors: Muhammad Mohiuddin
Comments: 7 Pages.

A multi-agent system can greatly increase performance and reliability of a system due to several reasons like distributed nature, responsiveness to environment, and the ability for reuse. These characteristics are associated with multi-agent systems due to their flexible and intelligent nature. All these capabilities do not come without challenges. One of the biggest challenges that arises due to the dynamic behavior of multi-agent systems is the difficulty to quantify their reliability and dependability, or in other words performance. This article discusses agents and multi-agent systems, their classification according design parameters, multiple methods of performance quantization, and factors which affect them.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[163] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-18 03:53:37

The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 116 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an A4-sized book

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[162] viXra:1903.0211 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 18:02:25

Sunqm-3s4: Using {N,n} QM Structure and Multiplier N’ to Analyze Saturn’s (And Other Planets’) Ring Structure

Authors: Yi Cao
Comments: 19 Pages.

All Saturn rings do follow p{N,n} QM structure. By using planet’s Earth-sized core as pCore{0,1} and r1, Saturn’s inner core, outer core, surface, B-ring, and moons of Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, and Rhea, are almost perfectly at pCore{0,n=1..9//3} orbits or sizes. Also Uranus’ major ring (ε ring), and its minor moons Portia, Puck, and its major moons Miranna, Arial, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, are at orbit of pCore{0,n//2} with n ≈ 3, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 9, and 10 approximately. All major rings of gas/ice planet are at Δn = +1 out of planet’s surface (if using their Earth-sized core as r1). For Neptune and Uranus, both of their surfaces are at pCore{0,2//2} size, and their major rings are at pCore{0,3//2} orbit. For Saturn and Jupiter, both of their surfaces are at around pCore{0,3//3} size, and their major rings are at pCore{0,4//3} orbit. By comparing between similar massed planets, the pCore{N,n} QM structure analysis suggests that Uranus’ ring is younger than that of Neptune’s, and Saturn’s ring is younger than that of Jupiter’s. Saturn’s major ring (B-ring, base frequency n=4)’s inner edge can be described by a multiplier n’ = 4*3^6 - 167 = 2749, its outer edge can be described by n’ = 4*3^6 +225 = 3141, and its thickness can be described by n’ =4*3^25 = 3.39E+12. Saturn’s A, B, C, D rings may follow the radial probability density distribution curve. We can use p{N,n} QM and r^2 *|R(n,l)|^2 *|Y(l,m)|^2 to build Saturn major ring’s true 3D structure probability function as shown in equation-4.
Category: Astrophysics

[161] viXra:1903.0210 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 18:44:34

The Mass in Open Repositories – A Reality Check for All.

Authors: AR Scholar
Comments: 2 Pages.

We observed bizzare submissions at VIXRA and also at other open repositories. We also received different comments and feedbacks of depositers. We also need to look further the intent of each repository, and to discover the roots. We also need to have a reality check that some themes and emerging type of deposits can serve a purpose. There is a mass in open repositories. Open science, has long being practice, and will ever continue to lead now and in future. This 1 page reflection advocates for those who have chosen open repository for a rightful purpose, and also to advocate for 'treating each deposit' with respect and with impartial acceptance or impartial rejection. More importantly, the justification of quality - is always impartial, in group valuation terms.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[160] viXra:1903.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 18:46:22

Crazy proof of Fermata Last Theorem.

Authors: Bambore Dawit Geinamo
Comments: 2 Pages. For more improvement comments and corrections are expected

This paper magically shows very interesting and simple proof of Fermata Last Theorem. The proof describes sufficient conditions of that the equation holds and contradictions on them to satisfy the theorem. If Fermat had proof most probably his proof may be similar with this one.
Category: Number Theory

[159] viXra:1903.0208 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 19:19:25

An Atom Model of Stationary Electrons

Authors: Cang Ye
Comments: 6 Pages. The atom model is back to what it should be

This paper presents a new microscopic extension to the Coulomb’s law --- a formula that describes how electron and nucleus interact each other within atom world. Based on this Coulomb’s law extension, a new atom model is proposed. Compared with current electron-cloud model and with old Bohr model, this model is most like atom’s real physical structure. Using this new model and basic integral calculation, the spectrum of hydrogen gas and the spectrum of ionized helium gas are successfully derived.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[158] viXra:1903.0207 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 20:25:42

Cellular Automaton Graphics(6)

Authors: Morio Kikuchi
Comments: 105 Pages.

Developping a regular polyhedron on a plane, setting discrete coordinates on the development and applying a boundary condition of regular polyhedron to it, we realize a symmetrical graphics.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[157] viXra:1903.0204 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 22:56:28

An Insight Into Theoretical Analysis of Gene Therapy Using Coq Theorem Prover[ctp] – a Simple Computing Framework on [molecular/bio-Molecular Systems,bio-Informatics + Spectroscopy] to Probe Gene Therapy in the Context of Group Theory.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

An Insight into Theoretical Analysis of Gene Therapy using Coq Theorem Prover[CTP] – A Simple Computing Framework on -[Molecular/Bio-molecular Systems,Bio-informatics + Spectroscopy] to Probe Gene Therapy in the context of Group Theory.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[156] viXra:1903.0203 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 02:16:10

David Gross. String Theory (In Russian)

Authors: David Gross
Comments: 18 Pages. in Russian

David Gross presents the motivation for such a bold attempt to tie together all the forces of nature, discusses the basic structure of string theory, the surprises it presents, the successes it has achieved and the promises it has not yet fulfilled. And, finally, discusses the coming revolutions in fundamental physics implied by string theory.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[155] viXra:1903.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 06:46:56

一种新的原子模型--电子静止模型

Authors: 叶苍
Comments: 6 Pages. 真实的原子世界没那么复杂,太复杂了是思维因为误入了歧途

本文给出了库仑定律在原子尺度上的扩展公式。 根据这个扩展,提出了电子静止的原子模型。 用简单的做功定义和积分运算,计算出了氢原子气体的全部光谱, 和氦原子气体的一半光谱。
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[154] viXra:1903.0200 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-13 09:22:44

Cube Theorem

Authors: Maik Becker-Sievert
Comments: 1 Page.

Two cubes are a sum of nine cubes
Category: Number Theory

[153] viXra:1903.0199 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-05 17:39:34

Hermeneutics is Fun! an Introduction to Hermeneutics of Science and Hermeneutics of Early Christianity History

Authors: Victor Christianto
Comments: 157 Pages. request to change names from 2 authors, to only 1 authorship. Thank you

This book was inspired by a lecture on hermeneutics that one of us (VC) gave around February 2019, in Jakarta. Although initially we plan to publish this compilation of articles with a dense title such as: Being in-and-before Time, after experiencing myself how a hermeneutics class can be so interesting and fun, we decided to give title to this book: Hermeneutics is fun! Of course, the topics we discuss here are quite interesting for hermeneutics students: from hermeneutics of science to hermeneutics of Early Christianity History. Along the way, we will also touch some novel aspects of consciousness, DNA and also dialogue between science and theology. Hopefully you will find this book interesting. And one of us (VC) would like to dedicate this book to participants of Hermeneutics class. God love you all. Enjoy readingu2026
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[152] viXra:1903.0198 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 08:48:01

Scoring Protein Interactions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Researchers from the Stowers Institute for Medical Research have created a novel way to define individual protein associations in a quick, efficient, and informative way. [28] Scientists of the D'Or Institute for Research and Education have improved the initial steps of a standard protocol and produced organoids displaying regionalized brain structures, including retinal pigmented cells. [27] Migrating cells must overcome physical barriers such as tight pores in finely meshed tissues. A recent study by a team of LMU biophysicists provides a new theory to describe how cells manoeuvre such confining environments. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

[151] viXra:1903.0197 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 09:05:16

Two Colliding Galaxies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Located in the constellation of Hercules, about 230 million light-years away, NGC 6052 is a pair of colliding galaxies. [38] Matter is composed of chemical elements mainly created in stars via nuclear reactions and complex nuclear reaction networks. [37] These particles are produced by stellar flares or by shock waves driven by magnetic events in the stellar corona. [36] Researchers have investigated wave-particle interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves evolving in the space surrounding the Earth using the scientific satellite Arase and, simultaneously, transient auroral flashes by the ground-based global observation network. [35] The universe consists of a massive imbalance between matter and antimatter. [34] Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time before the Big Bang. [33] "As you celebrate New Year's Day, cast an eye upward and think for a moment about the amazing things our country and our species can do when we set our minds to it," Stern wrote in the New York Times on Monday. [32] Our senses are stuck in the past. There's a flash of lightning, and then seconds pass until we hear the rumble of distant thunder. We hear the past. [31] ESA's technical centre in the Netherlands has begun running a pulsar-based clock. The "PulChron' system measures the passing of time using millisecond-frequency radio pulses from multiple fast-spinning neutron stars. [30] VR is an almost perfect avenue for this approach, since it has been surging in popularity as both entertainment and an educational tool. [29] Using MAGIC telescopes and NASA's Fermi spacecraft, an international team of astronomers has discovered a new source of very high energy gamma-ray emission around the supernova remnant (SNR) G24.7+0.6. [28]
Category: Astrophysics

[150] viXra:1903.0196 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 09:22:44

Motility of Swimming Euglena

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Some species of Euglenids, a diversified family of aquatic unicellular organisms, can perform large-amplitude, elegantly coordinated body deformations. [29] Researchers from the Stowers Institute for Medical Research have created a novel way to define individual protein associations in a quick, efficient, and informative way. [28] Scientists of the D'Or Institute for Research and Education have improved the initial steps of a standard protocol and produced organoids displaying regionalized brain structures, including retinal pigmented cells. [27] Migrating cells must overcome physical barriers such as tight pores in finely meshed tissues. A recent study by a team of LMU biophysicists provides a new theory to describe how cells manoeuvre such confining environments. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[149] viXra:1903.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 09:42:47

ABS of Molecular Engines

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Peroxisomes are cell organelles that carry out a number of functions, including the degradation of cytotoxins. [30] Some species of Euglenids, a diversified family of aquatic unicellular organisms, can perform large-amplitude, elegantly coordinated body deformations. [29] Researchers from the Stowers Institute for Medical Research have created a novel way to define individual protein associations in a quick, efficient, and informative way. [28] Scientists of the D'Or Institute for Research and Education have improved the initial steps of a standard protocol and produced organoids displaying regionalized brain structures, including retinal pigmented cells. [27] Migrating cells must overcome physical barriers such as tight pores in finely meshed tissues. A recent study by a team of LMU biophysicists provides a new theory to describe how cells manoeuvre such confining environments. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

[148] viXra:1903.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 09:52:07

Технология и метафизика гравитации

Authors: Попов Борис Михайлович
Comments: 95 Pages. Язык русский, Изд. 2-е, перераб. и доп. / АО «Концерн «Созвездие». Воронеж, 2018. 92 с.: ил. 37

В настоящей книге автор, руководствуясь установкой Исаака Ньютона, что природа во всѐм предельно проста и экономна и если она чем и наделила тела в процессе их порождения, то одной только силой инерции, в качестве основополагающего принципа действия гравитации рассматривает инерцию. Благодаря подходу, основанному на такой установке, осуществлена категоризация феномена гравитации под такую рубрику опыта как инерция, показана законность еѐ членства в этой категории, закон всемирного тяготения и три остальных закона Ньютона сведены к одному закону – закону инерции, сформулированному и обоснованному задолго до Ньютона Галилео Галилеем. Это позволило, с опорой на основополагающий принцип действия, известный со времѐн Эйлера как сохранение углового момента, дать конструктивное определение гравитации. А именно предложить технологию организации произвольной группы вещественных тел в локализованную в свободном пространстве стабильную ассоциацию, обладающую внутрисистемным эффектом гравитации заданной интенсивности. Реальность технологии подтверждена контролируемыми экспериментами, которые читатель может легко повторить самостоятельно. В метафизическом аспекте, без выхода за пределы основных положений классической механики, рассмотрена природа и собственно самой инерции, а также основа стабильности и принцип порождения и существования вещественных образований, уточнены предельные возможности реактивного движения.
Category: Classical Physics

[147] viXra:1903.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 09:56:56

За пределами искусственного интеллекта

Authors: Попов Борис Михайлович
Comments: 132 Pages. Язык русский, Изд. 2-е, дополненное и исправленное. / АО «Концерн «Созвездие». – Воронеж, 2018. – 132 с.

В настоящей книге автор проводит мысль о том, что практически все знания человек получает из коллективного сознания. И потому его ум – это, по сути, искусственный интеллект. А кибернетики обнаружили, − искусственному интеллекту присуща параноидальная логика, и она присутствует во многих современных научных теориях. Отсюда у человека ограниченность представлений и понятий об окружающем мире, но выход из этого сложного положения есть. Внимательный читатель получит новые ответы на вечные вопросы: откуда берется наше сознание, насколько прочны основы наших знаний, свободна ли наша воля, насколько «логична» традиционная наука и даже насколько актуальна в наше время метафизика! Производными такого подхода является доступное раскрытие таких проблем как тайна пирамид, фрактальное структурирование, мотивационное управление. Детально освещается концептуальная метафизическая ограниченность классической физики, синергетическая сущность системных понятий. Книга рассчитана на широкий круг читателей, интересующихся вопросами науки и прочностью еѐ основ. Требования к исходным знаниям невысоки. Необходимые для понимания содержания книги сведения даются по ходу изложения, которое проиллюстрировано многочисленными примерами, облегчающими усвоение прочитанного материала. Читателю гарантируется стремительный рост знаний с продвижением от первого абзаца к последнему. Может рассматриваться преподавателями технических вузов на предмет использования в качестве дополнительного учебного пособия для студентов, осваивающих курсы дисциплин проектирования организационно сложных комплексов. В т. ч. проектирования, с использованием нанотехнологий. Книга отличается откровенной полемичностью. Такое изложение может вызвать замешательство у читателя, но именно к этому и стремится автор: побуждая читателя к самостоятельным размышлениям, а не к поглощению готовых ответов на возникающие вопросы.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[146] viXra:1903.0192 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 09:58:58

Super Superlattices Graphene Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Physicists at the University of Basel have now shown for the first time the combination with a third layer can result in new material properties also in a three-layer sandwich of carbon and boron nitride. [45] Graphene-based computer components that can deal in terahertz “could be used, not in a normal Macintosh or PC, but perhaps in very advanced computers with high processing rates,” Ozaki says. This 2-D material could also be used to make extremely high-speed nanodevices, he adds. [44] Printed electronics use standard printing techniques to manufacture electronic devices on different substrates like glass, plastic films, and paper. [43]
Category: Condensed Matter

[145] viXra:1903.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 10:28:22

A means to make an Extremely Bright Entangled Source

Authors: Remi Cornwall
Comments: 8 Pages.

This paper discusses a means of making an extremely bright path entangled source. An initial laser source is preferred but any source of light: LED, sub-critical laser, coherent or thermal can be used. The light is dimmed by a beam expander until the relative number of |1> or |2> photons increases compared to higher photon states. The expanded beam is then passed through a 1:1 beamsplitter to generate path entanglement on the |1> and |2> photons. A further stage of “purification” can remove the non-entangled higher states by passing the output beams from the beamsplitter through one another, such that the correlated entangled photon electrical fields cancel in some region. In the said region, the uncorrelated non-entangled fields can be Faraday rotated and then absorbed by a polariser. The entangled photons pass through the region without rotation and attenuation. The output from the device then has copious quantities of 1 and 2 photon path entangled suitable for use in telecommunications engineering, secure transmission of data and quantum metrology. The wide beams can be beam-contracted to a thin bright beam and will keep the path entanglement of individual photons, as photons are bosons and so don’t interact, furthermore, all operations are unitary and linear, as by Maxwell’s equations.
Category: Quantum Physics

[144] viXra:1903.0190 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-21 15:21:06

Events Simultaneity and Light Propagation in the Context of the Galilean Principle of Relativity

Authors: Attilio Carlo Colombo
Comments: 30 Pages.

The intent of this work is to present a discussion of the Galilean Principle of Relativity and of its implications for what concerns the nature of simultaneity of events and the characteristics of light propagation. It is shown that by using a clock synchronization procedure that makes use of isotropically propagating signals of generic nature, the simultaneity of distinct events can be established in a unique way by different observers, also when such observers are in relative motion between themselves. Such absolute nature of simultaneity is preserved in the passage from a stationary to a moving reference frame also when a set of generalized space-time coordinates is introduced. The corresponding transformations of coordinates between the two moving frames can be considered as a generalization of the Lorentz transformations to the case of synchronization signals having characteristic speed different from the speed of light in vacuum. The specific invariance properties of these coordinate transformations with respect to the characteristic speed of propagation of the synchronization signals and of the corresponding constitutive laws of the underlying physical phenomenon are also presented, leading to a different interpretation of their physical meaning with respect to the commonly accepted interpretation of the Lorentz transformations. On the basis of these results, the emission hypothesis of W. Ritz, that assumes that light is always emitted with the same relative speed with respect to its source and that is therefore fully consistent with the Galilean Principle of Relativity, is then applied to justify the outcomes of the Michelson-Morley and Fizeau interferometric experiments by introducing, for the latter case, an additional hypothesis regarding the possible influence of turbulence on the refractive index of the fluid. Finally, a test case to verify the validity of either the Galilean or the Relativistic velocity composition rule is presented. The test relies on the aberration of the light coming from celestial objects and on the analysis of the results obtained by applying the two different formulas for the resultant velocity vector to process the data of the observed positions, as measured by a moving observer, in order to determine the actual un-aberrated location of the source.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[143] viXra:1903.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 16:07:44

Using Self-Awareness in Decentralized Computing Systems

Authors: Florian Maier
Comments: 4 Pages

The term self-awareness in technological systems has been discussed many years now. There is no commonly agreed definition of the term self-aware in biological or psychological meaning therefore there are many different definitions all stating different aspects and levels of what we call self-aware in the biological world. In addition the system should be characterized by properties such as: robustness, decentralization, flexibility and self-adapting. In the past this was often achieved by designing good and robust but also complex algorithms which often lead to unnecessary overhead and hard to fix runtime bugs. Using self-aware components can turn such algorithmic systems into organic computing systems, offering better scalability, more robustness of the global state and less unnecessary overhead in the communication between different components in the decentralized system. On the counterpart such a system might work in a way that cannot be fully understood by humans in a reasonable time leading to other problems such as trust issues in the system or unwanted behavior in the global state of the system. The goal of this article is to state out how decentralized computing systems can benefit from self-aware approaches.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[142] viXra:1903.0186 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 19:47:08

Advancements of Deep Q-Networks

Authors: Bastian Birkeneder
Comments: 5 Pages.

Deep Q-Networks first introduced a combination of Reinforcement Learning and Deep Neural Networks at a large scale. These Networks are capable of learning their interactions within an environment in a self-sufficient manor for a wide range of applications. Over the following years, several extensions and improvements have been developed for Deep Q-Networks. In the following paper, we present the most notable developments for Deep Q-Networks, since the initial proposed algorithm in 2013.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[141] viXra:1903.0185 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 19:56:43

Gravedad Longitudinal

Authors: Carlos Alejandro Chiappini
Comments: 17 Pages.

Naturaleza electrodinámica de la gravedad. Significado de la fórmula de Newton. Naturaleza de la constante G . Consecuencias. Posibilidades tecnológicas.
Category: Classical Physics

[140] viXra:1903.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 20:57:02

Who Did Derive First the Division by Zero $1/0$ and the Division by Zero Calculus $\tan(\pi/2)=0, \log 0=0$ as the Outputs of a Computer?

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 9 Pages. The results of José Manuel Rodríguez Caballero will be important historically on the division by zero calculus and so, we would like to know the exact information.

In this short paper, we will introduce an essence of the division by zero calculus and the situation from the viewpoint of computers that will contain a surprising news on the division by zero calculus.
Category: General Mathematics

[139] viXra:1903.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 22:05:00

Time Travel in Past

Authors: Gaurav kumar
Comments: 8 Pages.

This pdf file is in hindi language
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[138] viXra:1903.0182 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-29 21:45:38

Universal and Unified Field Theory

Authors: Wei Xu
Comments: 220 Pages.

For the first time in mankind, Universal and Unified Field Theory is philosophically, mathematically and empirically revealed the workings of Universal Topology and Laws of Conservations. The nature of the universe has its Event Operations ontologically and systematically on the origin of physical states. These principles convey and unfold the laws of topological framework, universal equations, symmetric continuity, and asymmetric commutations progressively at the remarks of the following groundbreakings:

  1. Principles of Natural Philosophy and Universal Topology
  2. Framework of Contravariant and Covariant Manifolds
  3. World Equations and Universal Field Equations
  4. Boost Transform and Torque Transport Generators
  5. Horizon Hierarchy of World Plane and Spacetime 
  6. Gauge Invariance and Quantum Chromodynamics
  7. Fluxions of Symmetric Scalar and Vector Potentials
  8. Thermodynamics, Dark Energy and Blackbody Radiation
  9. Laws of Conservation of Photon and of Gravitation
  10. Fundamentals of Weak, Strong and Spontaneous Forces
  11. Asymmetric Dynamics and General Relativity 
  12. Cosmological Field Equations 
  13. Superphase Evolutions of Ontology

The application of an evolutionary process to contemporary theoretical physics therefore demonstrates a holistic picture of the principal equations, empirical assumptions, and essential artifacts. It prompts the entire discipline of physics, from Newtonian to spacetime relativity to quantum mechanics, to look back to the future: Virtumanity - Dialectical Nature of Virtual and Physical Reality.

Intuitively following the system of yinyang philosophy, this holistic theory is concisely accessible and replicable by readers with a basic background in mathematical derivation and theoretical physics. As a summary, this manuscript completes and unifies all of the principal equations, important assumptions, and essential laws, discovered and described by the classical and modern physics. 


Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[137] viXra:1903.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 00:48:09

The Bible, the Quran Are Wrong. Matter Was First not God, Because a < H < S

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 318 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

The Bible, the Quran are wrong. Matter was first not God, because a < h < s The Bible says that God created the Heavens and the Earth in six days. The Quran says that Allah created the Universe in 6 days. I am not talking here about things you know, like we are star dust, the carbon atoms in organic molecules were produced in dying stars by fusing helium atoms, not created by God. I am talking here about things you did not learn from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists, from clerics. “There are 3 walls in our Universe: the Ferent wall with the constant ‘a’, the Planck wall with the constant ‘h’ and the Spiritual wall with the constant ‘s’.” Adrian Ferent “In our Universe at Ferent wall emerged Dark Matter, at Planck wall emerged Matter and at Spiritual wall emerged Spiritual Matter.” Adrian Ferent The Universe as a quantum system! The time-dependent Ferent equation of the Universe, which gives a description of the Universe as quantum system, made of Matter, N elementary particles, Dark Matter, M elementary particles, and Spiritual Matter, L elementary particles, evolving in time. “Ferent equation of the material and spiritual Universe: ” Adrian Ferent In Ferent Quantum Gravity (FQG) I explained that a < h. Planck constant h Ferent constant a Ferent time tF In Ferent equation of the material and spiritual Universe, there are 3 choices: s < a < h a < s < h a < h < s Is what the Bible says: The Bible says that God created the heavens and the Earth in six days, Spiritual Matter was before Matter. Heaven, Saints were first, before Dark Matter. This means the Saints must have density as Black Holes, how I calculated and this is wrong. The saints from Heaven in visions look very beautiful, luminous visions… They are very soft. This means the Saints are made of Spiritual Matter and have a density much smaller than human body. Third choice is right, this means a < h < s and the Bible and the Quran are wrong. “I am the first who discovered that at Ferent wall emerged Dark Matter, after that at Planck wall emerged Matter and after that at Spiritual wall emerged Spiritual Matter.” Adrian Ferent “God like Consciousness is Spiritual Matter.” Adrian Ferent “Because a < h < s, Spiritual density ρS < Planck density ρP < Ferent density ρF “ Adrian Ferent “Because a < h < s, Ferent time tF < Planck time tP < Spiritual time tS “ Adrian Ferent This means: “Dark Matter and Matter were first, not God” Adrian Ferent This means: “God did not create Dark Matter and Matter how you learned from the Bible, from the Quran…” Adrian Ferent “Allah, God did not create the Universe in 6 days” Adrian Ferent “I am the first who discovered Ferent Evolution Theory (FET) based on Consciousness Evolution; I am the first who discovered the Soul equation; I am the first who discovered that Matter was first, not God” Adrian Ferent That is why Ferent equation of the material and spiritual Universe is a very important equation! Professor Brian Cox from CERN and University of Manchester said: ‘CERN disproved the existence of ghosts’. Stephen Hawking wrote: ‘God does not exist’. I explained that the equation on Stephen Hawking gravestone is wrong! “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists, from clerics… about Dark Matter, Matter and God is wrong” Adrian Ferent I discovered the Soul equation, the Soul is a ghost made of Spiritual matter that can not be detected at CERN. At CERN they did not detect Dark Matter and in my view they did not discover the Higgs boson, the ‘God particle’ and the Nobel Prize was a Fraud; that is why now CERN is closed. I discovered the: “Unification between Matter and Dark Matter: ” Adrian Ferent That is why: “The Future of Science: the Ignorant scientists must be replaced by new Wise Scientists” Adrian Ferent What is the Soul, made of Spiritual Matter? I discovered that the Soul is a wave function; I answered to the question Who am I?: “The wave function of each man is unique and he can always be found by it” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation of the Soul: ” Adrian Ferent It is not easy to understand both Science and Spirituality. My Father helped me to understand Science and my Mother helped me to understand Spirituality and I read more than 200 books about Spirituality. In 2003 I discovered the Truth: "God is creating me, I am creating God" Adrian Ferent That is why my first book was: ‘I AM CREATING GOD’ by Adrian Ferent
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[136] viXra:1903.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 02:20:32

Assessment of Biofield Energy Treatment on Liver Health Using Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (HepG2)

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Liver is the main metabolic organ in human. Most of the chemicals are primarily metabolized in the liver followed by excretion of the metabolites from the body. Therefore, there is a high chance of liver damage and most of the peoples are suffering many diseases due to their poor metabolic power of liver. In this context, the present study was performed to find out the potential role of the Biofield Energy (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test item (DMEM) in HepG2 cell line. The test item was divided into two parts. One part of the test item received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and the other part defined as the untreated DMEM, where no Biof-ield Treatment was given. Cell viability of the test sample using MTT assay showed 152.8 % viable cells in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group, suggested that the test item was nontoxic and safe in nature. The Biofield Energy Treated DMEM showed 12.2 % protection of cells against oxidative stress induced by t-BHP. The level of IL-8 was significantly reduced by 13.71 % in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the TNF-α stimulated control group. Moreover, the level of ALT was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) reduced by 64.16 % in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the t-BHP group. Cholesterol level was significantly reduced by 34.94 % Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Besides, the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group showed 23.19 % increased the level of albumin compared to the untreated DMEM group. Altogether, results suggested that Bio-field Treatment significantly improved liver health and its function. Thus, Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment could be utilized as a hepatoprotectant against several hepatic disorders such as Gilbert’s disease, cirrhosis, steatosis, alcohol abuse, hemochromatosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Wilson’s disease, cholangiocarcinoma, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

[135] viXra:1903.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 03:40:57

Theory of Everything

Authors: Mahesh Khati
Comments: 43 Pages.

This paper gives answer to all questions 1) Why is world expanding with accelerated velocity? 2) What is dark matter? 3) Dual nature of particles (Wave & particle) 4) Why antimatter is not present in world abundantly? 5) Total energy of photon is kinetic energy, still it is moving of electromagnetic vibration & rest mass or energy of photon is zero & also, it has wave nature? How is this possible at one time? 6) How can photon disintegrate into electron & positron pair and electron, positron get combine to form photon? 7) Why does charge less particles like photons & neutrino have more velocity? 8) Many heavy but unstable particles are forming in LHC at CERN.
Category: Classical Physics

[134] viXra:1903.0177 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 04:35:04

Generalized Deng Entropy

Authors: Fan Liu, Xiaozhuan Gao, Yong Deng
Comments: 14 Pages.

Dempster-Shafer evidence theory as an extension of Probability has wideapplications in many fields. Recently, A new entropy called Deng entropywas proposed in evidence theory. Deng Entropy as an uncertain measurein evidence theory. Recently, some scholars have pointed out that DengEntropy does not satisfy the additivity in uncertain measurements. However,this irreducibility can have a huge effect. In more complex systems, thederived entropy is often unusable. Inspired by this, a generalized entropy isproposed, and the entropy implies the relationship between Deng entropy,R ́enyi entropy, Tsallis entropy.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[133] viXra:1903.0174 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 06:05:17

In vitro Assessment of Biofield Energy Treated DMEM on Thermogenesis Using Myoblasts Cell Line (C2C12)

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Mitochondrial dysfunction lead to various serious disorders, which are considered as one of the important components related with the aging, such as type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based DMEM medium on murine myoblasts (C2C12) cells to evaluate the mitochondrial mass content using 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) dye assay. The test item (DMEM medium) was divided into two parts, one part received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and was labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group, while the other part did not receive any kind of Treatment and denoted as the untreated DMEM group. The level of mitochondrial mass content was assessed using 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) dye method. Cell viability of the test items using MTT assay showed 72.32% and 125.32% viable cells in the untreated DMEM and Biofield Energy Treated DMEM groups, respectively suggested a safe and nontoxic profile of the test items. Besides, the mitochondrial mass content in terms of Fluorescence Unit (FU) was significantly (p≤0.05) increased by 81.78% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Overall, the experimental data suggested that the Consciousness Energy Healing Based DMEM showed a significant improvement of mitochondrial mass content and results in better thermogenesis with respect to naive DMEM. Thus, an increased level of NAO dye accumulation in muscle cells indicated increased mitochondrial mass content and hence, better thermogenesis. In the present study, results demonstrated that an increased mitochondrial mass content in the cells when treated with The Trivedi Effect®. This indicates that the test sample has the potential to improve thermogenesis, which can be used against various metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

[132] viXra:1903.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 06:06:50

Nuclear Reactions in Stars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Matter is composed of chemical elements mainly created in stars via nuclear reactions and complex nuclear reaction networks. [37] These particles are produced by stellar flares or by shock waves driven by magnetic events in the stellar corona. [36] Researchers have investigated wave-particle interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves evolving in the space surrounding the Earth using the scientific satellite Arase and, simultaneously, transient auroral flashes by the ground-based global observation network. [35] The universe consists of a massive imbalance between matter and antimatter. [34] Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time before the Big Bang. [33] "As you celebrate New Year's Day, cast an eye upward and think for a moment about the amazing things our country and our species can do when we set our minds to it," Stern wrote in the New York Times on Monday. [32] Our senses are stuck in the past. There's a flash of lightning, and then seconds pass until we hear the rumble of distant thunder. We hear the past. [31] ESA's technical centre in the Netherlands has begun running a pulsar-based clock. The "PulChron' system measures the passing of time using millisecond-frequency radio pulses from multiple fast-spinning neutron stars. [30] VR is an almost perfect avenue for this approach, since it has been surging in popularity as both entertainment and an educational tool. [29] Using MAGIC telescopes and NASA's Fermi spacecraft, an international team of astronomers has discovered a new source of very high energy gamma-ray emission around the supernova remnant (SNR) G24.7+0.6. [28] In 1973, Russian physicist A.B. Migdal predicted the phenomenon of pion condensation above a critical, extremely high-several times higher than that for normal matter-nuclear density. [27]
Category: Astrophysics

[131] viXra:1903.0172 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 07:03:46

Increasingly Complex Mini-Brains

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Scientists of the D'Or Institute for Research and Education have improved the initial steps of a standard protocol and produced organoids displaying regionalized brain structures, including retinal pigmented cells. [27] Migrating cells must overcome physical barriers such as tight pores in finely meshed tissues. A recent study by a team of LMU biophysicists provides a new theory to describe how cells manoeuvre such confining environments. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Mind Science

[130] viXra:1903.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 08:47:43

No-Show Sterile Neutrinos

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Analysis of data from the MINOS+ experiment reveals no evidence for oscillations involving sterile neutrinos. [11] Physicists have hypothesized the existence of fundamental particles called sterile neutrinos for decades and a couple of experiments have even caught possible hints of them. However, according to new results from two major international consortia, the chances that these indications were right and that these particles actually exist are now much slimmer. [10] The MIT team studied the distribution of neutrino flavors generated in Illinois, versus those detected in Minnesota, and found that these distributions can be explained most readily by quantum phenomena: As neutrinos sped between the reactor and detector, they were statistically most likely to be in a state of superposition, with no definite flavor or identity. [9] A new study reveals that neutrinos produced in the core of a supernova are highly localised compared to neutrinos from all other known sources. This result stems from a fresh estimate for an entity characterising these neutrinos, known as wave packets, which provide information on both their position and their momentum. [8] It could all have been so different. When matter first formed in the universe, our current theories suggest that it should have been accompanied by an equal amount of antimatter-a conclusion we know must be wrong, because we wouldn't be here if it were true. Now the latest results from a pair of experiments designed to study the behaviour of neutrinos-particles that barely interact with the rest of the universe-could mean we're starting to understand why. [7] In 2012, a tiny flash of light was detected deep beneath the Antarctic ice. A burst of neutrinos was responsible, and the flash of light was their calling card. It might not sound momentous, but the flash could give us tantalising insights into one of the most energetic objects in the distant universe. The light was triggered by the universe's most elusive particles when they made contact with a remarkable detector, appropriately called IceCube, which was built for the very purpose of capturing rare events such as this. [6] Neutrinos and their weird subatomic ways could help us understand highenergy particles, exploding stars and the origins of matter itself. [5]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[129] viXra:1903.0170 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 09:09:58

Cryptographic Key Generation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

Cryptography is often used in information technology security environments to protect sensitive, high-value data that might be compromised during transmission or while in storage. [41] In a step forward for information security for the Internet of Things, a team of researchers has published a new paper in the online edition of Nano Letters in which they have engineered a new type of physically unclonable function (PUF) based on interfacial magnetic anisotropy energy (IAE). [40] Researchers from Linköping University and the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden have proposed a new device concept that can efficiently transfer the information carried by electron spin to light at room temperature-a stepping stone toward future information technology. [39] Now writing in Light Science & Applications, Hamidreza Siampour and co-workers have taken a step forward in the field of integrated quantum plasmonics by demonstrating on-chip coupling between a single photon source and plasmonic waveguide. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33]
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[128] viXra:1903.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 09:30:03

Streaming Current Measurement

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

By measuring how the electric current of an ionic fluid is generated by the flow of water through ångström-sized channels, researchers in France and the UK have discovered that this current is sensitive to an electric field when pressure is applied. [33] Devices based on magnonic currents-quasi-particles associated with waves of magnetization, or spin waves, in certain magnetic materials-would transform the industry, though scientists need to better understand how to control them. [32] Such devices would use magnetic films and superconducting thin films to deploy and manipulate magnetic monopoles to sort and store data based on the north or south direction of their poles-analogous to the ones and zeros in conventional magnetic storage devices. [31] The vacuum is filled with quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field-virtual photons that pop in and out of existence-that are assumed to behave in the same way. To make the plates repulsive and tunable, Wilczek and Stockholm University colleague Qing-Dong Jiang inserted a material between the plates that breaks this behavior. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29] Engineers at MIT and Penn State University have found that under the right conditions, ordinary clear water droplets on a transparent surface can produce brilliant colors, without the addition of inks or dyes. [28]
Category: Condensed Matter

[127] viXra:1903.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 09:58:15

Organic Traffic Control with Dynamic Route Guidance as a Measure to Reduce Exhaust Emissions in Comparison Organic Traffic Control Mit Dynamic Route Guidance Als Maßnahme Zur Reduzierung Von Abgasemissionen im Vergleich

Authors: Christian Frank
Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures, language: German

In this paper an Organic Traffic Control system with Dynamic Route Guidance functionality is being looked at regarding its emission-reducing effect on road traffic. This system will be compared to other environmental measures, namely Low Emission Zones, driving bans and hardware upgrades, with respect to its effect on emissions and other criteria. Results from existing literature and a few calculations are used for this comparison. The sparse data allows for only a few quantitive comparisons. Qualitative comparisons show that this system has the potential to effectively lower emission in its area of effect. It reduces the quantity of all exhaust gases and additionally fuel consumption, without disadvantages for certain road users. This is not the case with the comparative measures. ----- In dieser Arbeit wird ein Organic Traffic Control System mit Dynamic Route Guidance Funktionalität hinsichtlich seiner emissionsreduzierenden Wirkung im Verkehr betrachtet. Dieses System wird mit anderen Umweltmaßnahmen, namentlich Umweltzonen, Fahrverboten und Hardwarenachrüstungen, hinsichtlich Wirkung und weiterer Kriterien verglichen. Es werden hierzu Daten und Ergebnisse aus der bestehenden Literatur verwendet und einige wenige Rechnungen durchgeführt. Die Datenlage erlaubt nur teilweise quantitative Vergleiche. Qualitativ zeigt sich, dass das System Potential bietet, effektiv innerhalb seines Installationsbereichs Emissionen zu senken. Es reduziert die Menge aller Abgase und zusätzlich den Spritverbrauch, ohne dass dabei Nachteile für bestimme Verkehrsteilnehmer entstehen. Dies ist bei den Vergleichsmaßnahmen jeweils nicht der Fall.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[126] viXra:1903.0167 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 10:51:21

Algoritmo de Multiplicacion Distributivo

Authors: Zeolla Gabriel Martín
Comments: 11 Pages. Idioma Español

Este documento desarrolla y demuestra el descubrimiento de un nuevo algoritmo de multiplicación que funciona absolutamente con todos los números.
Category: Number Theory

[125] viXra:1903.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 12:35:33

Counter-deception in Astronomy: Unmasking the Second Greatest Astronomical Deception

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 5 Pages.

In this paper I will try my best to explain how nature has deceived millions of scientists and researchers, as well as how those very same scientists and researchers spread the deception. The deception is as follows, it is believed that a "star" is something mutually exclusive of "planet". It is the second greatest astronomical deception because the greatest was the belief that Earth was the center of the Solar System. Unmasking the Second Greatest astronomical deception needed more data, but now requires the humility to acknowledge the deception. Now that the data has already been obtained and the discovery made, we can review how the deception took place. There is a lot more to this than what I will write about here, this is just to serve as a back drop for future reference and research into what went wrong. It is suggested for the reader to study counter-deception and intelligence gathering processes in the political and military sphere as well as the scientific, as they are all very, very similar.
Category: Astrophysics

[124] viXra:1903.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 14:17:11

False Physics

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.

Why do not we receive correct answers to fundamental questions in orthodox physics?
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[123] viXra:1903.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 18:54:34

Statement of Quantum Indeterminacy

Authors: Steve Faulkner
Comments: 2 Pages.

This article is a concise statement of the machinery of quantum indeterminacy — in response to the question: What is indeterminacy; is it something that can be written down?
br>Keywords
foundations of quantum theory, quantum randomness, quantum indeterminacy, logical independence, self-reference, logical circularity, mathematical undecidability, Kurt Gödel.
Category: Quantum Physics

[122] viXra:1903.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 23:01:05

A Simple Suggestion Towards Better Medical Imaging & Informatics Frame Work/s Through Algorithms of Imaging Mathematics Based on - [CoqTP/Q*cert/Scala/LMS-Scala/Scalalab/IoT/JVM/JikesRVM-Research Virtual Machine/LLVM-Scala/ Scala NLP/BIG DATA Informatics]

Authors: D.N.T.Kumar
Comments: 4 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

A Simple Suggestion Towards Better Medical Imaging & Informatics Frame Work/s Through Algorithms of Imaging Mathematics Based on - [CoqTP/Q*cert/Scala/LMS-Scala/Scalalab/IoT/JVM/JikesRVM-Research Virtual Machine/LLVM-Scala/Scala NLP/BIG DATA Informatics].
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[121] viXra:1903.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 23:57:09

Quantum Chromodynamics Based Model: a New Perspective on Halo-Structure and New-Magicity in Exotic Nuclei

Authors: Syed Afsar Abbas
Comments: 17 Pages.

A quite recent, ingenious experimental paper (Raabe et al., Nature 431 (2004) 823), studied fusion of an incoming beam of halo nucleus 6-He with the target nucleus 238-U . They managed to extract information which could make basic discrimination between the structures of the target nucleus (behaving as standard nucleus with density distribution described with canonical RMS radius r = r0 A 1/3 with r0 = 1.2 fm), and the ”core” of the halo nucleus, which surprisingly, does not follow the standard density distribution with the above RMS radius. This provides unambiguous and strong support for a Quantum Chromodyanamics based model structure, which shows as to how and why the halo structure arises. This model succeeds in identifyng all known halo nuclei and also makes clear-cut and unique predictions for new halo nuclei. It also provides a consistent and unified understanding of what is imlied for the emergence of new magic numbers in the study of exotic nuclei. It is triton clustering, as apparent from experimental data on neutron-rich nuclei, which guides us to this new model. It provides a new perspective, of how QCD leads to a consistent understanding of the nuclear phenomenon, both of the N ∼ Z nuclei, and of those which are far away from this limit.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[120] viXra:1903.0157 [pdf] replaced on 2019-08-08 00:08:28

Consideration of Riemann Hypothesis 43 Counterexamples

Authors: Toshiro Takami
Comments: 56 Pages.

I also found a zero point which seems to deviate from 0.5. I thought that the zero point outside 0.5 can not be found very easily in the area which can not be shown in the figure, but this area can not be represented in the figure but can be found one after another. It is completely unknown whether this axis is distorted in the 0.5 axis or just by coincidence. The number of zero points in the area that can not be shown in the figure is now 43. No matter how you looked it was not found in other areas. It seemed that there is no other way to interpret this axis as 0.5 axis is distorted in this area. Somewhere on the net there is a memory that reads the mathematician's view that "there are countless zero points in the vicinity of 0.5 on high area". We are reporting that the zero point search of the high-value area of the imaginary part which was giving up as it is no longer possible with the supercomputer is no longer possible, is reported. 43 zero-point searches in the high-value area of the imaginary part are thus successful. This means that the zero point search in the high-value area of the imaginary part has succeeded in the 43. We will also write 43 zero point searches of the successful high-value area of the imaginary part. There are many counterexamples far beyond 0.5, which is far beyond the limit, but the computer can not calculate it. Moreover, I believe that it can only be confirmed on supercomputer whether this is really counterexample. In addition, it is necessary to make corrections in the supercomputer.
Category: Number Theory

[119] viXra:1903.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 01:57:51

Developing a Parallelized Hyperelastic Boundary-Element Code for the Real-Time Simulation of Deformation of a Kidney

Authors: Kirana Kumara P
Comments: 19 Pages. This is a draft of a project proposal that was submitted to SERB (a funding agency in India) in June 2018. The proposal was rejected in March 2019. The Principal Investigator is posting hereby a draft of the proposal.

It is widely believed that just like flight simulators are useful for training pilots, surgery simulators are useful for training surgeons. However, it is a long way for surgery simulators to reach the level of maturity the flight simulators have attained at present. Currently, most of the surgery simulators use models that are not physics based, thus sacrificing fidelity. Although the literature notes that physics based models are superior compared to other models, more work needs to be done before one can have a useful surgery simulator that uses a physics based model in the back-end. Hence the proposed project aims to build a simulator that can train surgeons in eye-hand coordination which is very important for many laparoscopic surgical procedures. Here, deformation of a kidney will be modeled using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) which is a physics based method. Since a kidney may be approximated to be hyperelastic, a hyperelastic BEM code has to be used in the back-end. Unfortunately, no hyperelastic BEM code is readily available. Hence a hyperelastic BEM code will be developed as part of the project. One has to parallelize the code and run the code on a computer cluster to speed up the computations and to achieve real-time performance, so that the simulations would be realistic. This requires a computer cluster with a multi-core processor. In fact, many cores are needed in one and only one processor to minimize the data transfer time. One may note that although BEM has been identified in the literature as a method that could be useful for building surgical simulators, none has attempted to build a surgical simulator based on nonlinear boundary elements. Once the simulator is built, as future work, the simulator may be offered to a few surgeons for testing/evaluation. If the product turns out to be successful, one can think of commercialization also. Anyway, the nonlinear BEM code may be released as free and open source software so that anyone can use it to solve a hyperelastic problem (even problems that are not related to surgical simulation).
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[118] viXra:1903.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 05:27:02

The Principle, Communication Efficiency and Privacy Issues of Federated Learning

Authors: Hakan Uzuner
Comments: 5 Pages.

Standard machine learning approaches require a huge amount of training data to be stored centralized in order to feed the learning algorithms. Keeping and using data centralized brings many negative aspects with it. Those aspects can be inefficient communication between the centralized data center and the clients producing the data, privacy issues and quick usability of the profits and results of the training. Google’s new approach, federated learning, on the other hand tackles all these problems. The training data is kept decentralized at the client’s devices while communicating only with small updates of the common model. This method allows for optimizations of communication, keeping the privacy of users involved in the process and providing quick usability of the model’s process. In this paper I will explain how the federated learning principle works. Further on, I will give a small insight on optimization possibilities of communication efficiency as well as on privacy issues involved in machine learning processes and how those can be solved using federated learning principles. Additionally, I will show the connection between the federated learning concept and organic computing.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[117] viXra:1903.0154 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-19 02:40:59

Uncertainty and the Zitterbewegung Interpretation of an Electron

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 9 Pages.

This paper explores how the Zitterbewegung interpretation and the Uncertainty Principle might mesh. It also further details our geometric interpretation of the de Broglie wavelength.
Category: Quantum Physics

[116] viXra:1903.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 07:36:17

Antifreeze Proteins Grow Ice Crystals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

In a new study, a German-Israeli research team has confirmed that these proteins also possess an unusual second property: at low temperatures, they can promote rather than inhibit the growth of ice crystals. [29] For the first time, a University of Michigan chemist has used quantum entanglement to examine protein structures, a process that requires only a very small number of photons of light. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26]
Category: Condensed Matter

[115] viXra:1903.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 08:00:33

Thermo-Sensor Magnetic Bits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Scientists of the Department of Physics at the University of Hamburg, Germany, detected the magnetic states of atoms on a surface using only heat. [22] Researchers at The Ohio State University have discovered how to control heat with a magnetic field. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18] Thermal conductivity is one of the most crucial physical properties of matter when it comes to understanding heat transport, hydrodynamic evolution and energy balance in systems ranging from astrophysical objects to fusion plasmas. [17] Researchers from the Theory Department of the MPSD have realized the control of thermal and electrical currents in nanoscale devices by means of quantum local observations. [16] Physicists have proposed a new type of Maxwell's demon-the hypothetical agent that extracts work from a system by decreasing the system's entropy-in which the demon can extract work just by making a measurement, by taking advantage of quantum fluctuations and quantum superposition. [15] Pioneering research offers a fascinating view into the inner workings of the mind of 'Maxwell's Demon', a famous thought experiment in physics. [14] For more than a century and a half of physics, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that entropy always increases, has been as close to inviolable as any law we know. In this universe, chaos reigns supreme. [13] Physicists have shown that the three main types of engines (four-stroke, twostroke, and continuous) are thermodynamically equivalent in a certain quantum regime, but not at the classical level. [12]
Category: Condensed Matter

[114] viXra:1903.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 08:21:30

Quantum Radio Listening

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Researchers at Delft University of Technology have created a quantum circuit to listen to the weakest radio signal allowed by quantum mechanics. [32] A trio of researchers at Columbia University has found more evidence showing that sound waves carry mass. [31] The vacuum is filled with quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field-virtual photons that pop in and out of existence-that are assumed to behave in the same way. To make the plates repulsive and tunable, Wilczek and Stockholm University colleague Qing-Dong Jiang inserted a material between the plates that breaks this behavior. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29] Engineers at MIT and Penn State University have found that under the right conditions, ordinary clear water droplets on a transparent surface can produce brilliant colors, without the addition of inks or dyes. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[113] viXra:1903.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 08:48:36

Movies in Atoms

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Researchers of the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics at LMU and the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics have developed a microscope that tracks the motion of electrons. [31] "There's a process in strongly interacting physics where fundamental particles, like electrons, can come together and behave as if they were a fraction of an electron," said Davis, a graduate student in Foster's research group. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[112] viXra:1903.0145 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 09:54:20

Light in Optical Communication

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have fabricated a multiplexer/demultiplexer module based on a property of light that was not being exploited in communications systems: the optical vortex. [35] Optical chips are still some way behind electronic chips, but we're already seeing the results and this research could lead to a complete revolution in computer power. [34] Electronics could work faster if they could read and write data at terahertz frequency, rather than at a few gigahertz. [33] A team of researchers led by the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has demonstrated a new method for splitting light beams into their frequency modes. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[111] viXra:1903.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 12:57:37

The Pair of Sequences (α, β) and One Method for the Definition of Large Prime Numbers

Authors: Emmanuil Manousos
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this article, we define a pair of sequences (α, β). By using the properties of the pair (α, β), we establish a method for determining large prime numbers.
Category: Number Theory

[110] viXra:1903.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 14:23:31

The Dimensionless Constant 273.55488 Indicates That Two New Quark Types Exist For Neutrons

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: The mysterious dimensionless constant 273.55488 signals that two new up and down quarks exist which accurately form neutrons: this makes 8 types of quark in all.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[109] viXra:1903.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 20:40:30

The Hand of God, Building the Universe and Multiverse

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 5 Pages.

What is the mathematical basis for the construction of the universe? This paper intends to show a start of how the universe is constructed. It also answers the question, did the hand of God build the universe? This paper shows how, mathematically, the universe could start from a single point and then is built up into the universe and the multiverse.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[108] viXra:1903.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 21:17:07

A New Neutrino Mass Hypothesis

Authors: Jonathan Deutsch
Comments: 4 Pages.

ABSTRACT We start by realizing that Newton’s classical gravitational constant, G, and the quantum gravitational-structure constant (using h instead of h-bar for accuracy) must be made equivalent. Doing this assigns specific numerical values for the units: gram (gm), centimeter (cm) and second (sec) - - something physics considers absolutely impossible to do! We hypothesize 1 neutrino to be exactly 1 gm X 1 cm/1 sec - - a momentum - - which amounts to approximately 10-10 sec - - a reasonable quantum time interval. The neutrino is thus hypothesized to be A PARTICLE OF TIME! Time is physical. We hypothesize the neutrino mass to be 1 gm X 1 cm/time (sec)/the same amount of time (sec) - - specifically, exactly gmcm/sec2 - - a force (in enormous numbers) - - =(cm/sec2)gm - - a mass! This turns out to be approximately 10-34 gm. That is a very testable result, at least in approximation. Initial estimates are very favorable to our hypothesis, but delicate, precise experiments currently underway and/or future experiments will either confirm or disprove our hypothesis.
Category: Quantum Physics

[107] viXra:1903.0140 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-05 01:04:36

Two Cases of the Fluent Disorder that Became Milder by Remedy for Fluvoxamine Long Term

Authors: Toshiro Takami
Comments: 9 Pages.

I experienced two cases that becoming milder happened of the fluent obstacle by remedy for Fluvoxamine long term. I was infected with a disorder more fluent than early childhood time with 2 cases. Third grade at a high school next, society anxiety disorder develop in case 1. Depressive disorders develop in case 2 recently. Becoming milder of fluent, affecting it took place accidentally by performing long-term remedy of fluvoxamine for those diseases (society anxiety disorder, depressive disorders) with 2 cases. As for case 1, case 2 needed seven months for ten months until a fluent obstacle slight illness recognized becoming it. I pass through 15 years or more than becoming milder of fluent, affecting it with 2 cases, but continue keeping the state that became milder so that it may be said that the fluent obstacle is remission.  The treatment of the fluency disorder is full of difficulty in the serious case in particular, and there are many a social dropout, social eremites, too. The medical therapy of the fluency disorder is hardly known in this country.
Category: Mind Science

[106] viXra:1903.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 00:40:07

CoqTP-OCaml-Java Based Some Important Applications – A Simple Suggestion & an Insight as Short Communication.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 2 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

CoqTP-OCaml-Java Based Some Important Applications – A Simple Suggestion & an Insight as Short Communication.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[105] viXra:1903.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 01:41:05

A Survey on Reinforcement Learning for Dialogue Systems

Authors: Isabella Graßl
Comments: 6 Pages.

Dialogue systems are computer systems which com- municate with humans using natural language. The goal is not just to imitate human communication but to learn from these interactions and improve the system’s behaviour over time. Therefore, different machine learning approaches can be implemented with Reinforcement Learning being one of the most promising techniques to generate a contextually and semantically appropriate response. This paper outlines the current state-of- the-art methods and algorithms for integration of Reinforcement Learning techniques into dialogue systems.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[104] viXra:1903.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 05:32:36

A Survey on Classification of Concept Drift with Stream Data

Authors: Shweta Vinayak Kadam
Comments: 7 Pages.

Usually concept drift occurs in many applications of machine learning. Detecting a concept drift is the main challenge in a data stream because of the high speed and their large size sets which are not able to fit in main memory. Here we take a small look at types of changes in concept drift. This paper discusses about methods for detecting concept drift and focuses on the problems with existing approaches by adding STAGGER, FLORA family, Decision tree methods, meta-learning methods and CD algorithms. Furthermore, classifier ensembles for change detection are discussed.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[103] viXra:1903.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 07:07:19

Deep Learning Holography

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Digital holographic microscopy is an imaging modality that can digitally reconstruct the images of 3-D samples from a single hologram by digitally refocusing it through the entire 3-D sample volume. [27] Deep learning, which uses multi-layered artificial neural networks, is a form of machine learning that has demonstrated significant advances in many fields, including natural language processing, image/video labeling and captioning. [26]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[102] viXra:1903.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 07:31:53

Entangled Qubits Probe Black Holes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Physicists have used a seven-qubit quantum computer to simulate the scrambling of information inside a black hole, heralding a future in which entangled quantum bits might be used to probe the mysterious interiors of these bizarre objects. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[101] viXra:1903.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 08:49:57

EEG Look into the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

To determine whether activity in deep brain structures can be sensed using EEG, the researchers simultaneously recorded subcortical activity using the implanted electrodes and high-density (256-channel) EEG scalp electrodes. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Mind Science

[100] viXra:1903.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 09:10:05

Black Box of Dendritic Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

How do nerve cells compute? This fundamental question drives LMU neurobiologists led by Andreas Herz. They have now presented a novel method to disentangle complex neural processes in a much more powerful way than was previously possible. [34] To determine whether activity in deep brain structures can be sensed using EEG, the researchers simultaneously recorded subcortical activity using the implanted electrodes and high-density (256-channel) EEG scalp electrodes. [33]
Category: Mind Science

[99] viXra:1903.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 09:44:20

Non-Parametric Wavelet Functional Analysis for Horizontal and Vertical Displacements Derived from GPS Stations in Western Alaska During the Year 2012

Authors: Homayoon Zahmatkesh, Abbas Abedini
Comments: 19 Pages. Earth Science Research; Vol. 6, No. 2; 2017

In order to analyze the dynamic processes of the Earth interior and the effect of the propagation of the seismic waves to the surface, a comprehensive study of the Earth crust kinematics is necessary. Although the Global Positing System (GPS) is a powerful method to measure ground displacements and velocities both horizontally and vertically as well as to infer the tectonic stress regime generated by the subsurface processes (from local fault systems to huge tectonic plate movements and active volcanoes), the complexity of the deformation pattern generated during such movements is not always easy to be interpreted. Therefore, it is necessary to work on new methodologies and modifying the previous approaches in order to improve the current methods and better understand the crustal movements. In this paper, we focus on western Alaska area, where many complex faults and active volcanoes exist. In particular, we analyze the data acquired each 30 seconds by three GPS stations located in western Alaska (AC31, AB09 d AB11) from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 in order to compute their displacements in horizontal and vertical components by vectorial summation of the average daily and annual velocities components. Furthermore, we design non-parametric DMeyer and Haar wavelets for horizontal and vertical velocities directions in order to identify significant and homogenous displacements during the year 2012. Finally, the non-parametric decomposition of total horizontal and vertical normalized velocities based on level 1 and level 2 coefficients have been applied to compute normal and cumulative probability histograms related to the accuracy and statistical evolution of each applied wavelet. The results present a very good agreement between the designed non-parametric wavelets and their decomposition functions for each of the three above mentioned GPS stations displacements and velocities during the year 2012.
Category: Geophysics

[98] viXra:1903.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 09:45:47

XCS-O/C: Das Extended Classifier System XCS in einer Observer/Controller Architektur

Authors: Alexander Paßberger
Comments: 7 Pages. German

Organic Computing stellt eine moderne Variante des Entwerfen autonomer Systeme dar, bei der Entscheidungen zur Laufzeit vom System selbst getroffen werden. Das Steuern der ausgeführten Aktionen benötigt in einem solchen System Möglichkeiten zur Selbstverbesserung. Ein möglicher Ansatz zur Problemlösung sind Learning Classifier Systeme, speziell das Extended Classifier System XCS. Die Arbeit liefert eine detaillierte Beschreibung der Abläufe im Extended Classifier System XCS und der nötigen Änderungen zum Integrieren in ein autonomes organisches System. Das Learning Classifier System wird hierzu in eine generische Observer/Controller-Architektur eingebettet, eine der fundamentalen Designarchitekturen im Bereich Organic Computing.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[97] viXra:1903.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 10:01:05

AI Ask for Human Help

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

This is a demonstration of a situation where an AI algorithm working together with a human can reap the benefits and efficiency of the AI's good decisions, without being locked into its bad ones. [33] The deep learning analysis has revealed that the extinct hominid is probably a descendant of the Neanderthal and Denisovan populations. [32] Our team at IBM Research – India collaborated with the IBM MetroPulse team to bring such first-of-a-kind, AI-driven capabilities to MetroPulse, an industry platform that brings together voluminous market, external and client datasets. [31]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[96] viXra:1903.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 02:01:34

Online Transfer Learning and Organic Computing for Deep Space Research and Astronomy

Authors: Sadanandan Natarajan
Comments: 6 Pages.

Deep space exploration is the pillars within the field of outer space analysis and physical science. The amount of knowledge from numerous space vehicle and satellites orbiting the world of study are increasing day by day. This information collected from numerous experiences of the advanced space missions is huge. These information helps us to enhance current space knowledge and the experiences can be converted and transformed into segregated knowledge which helps us to explore and understand the realms of the deep space.. Online Transfer Learning (OTL) is a machine learning concept in which the knowledge gets transferred between the source domain and target domain in real time, in order to help train a classifier of the target domain. Online transfer learning can be an efficient method for transferring experiences and data gained from the space analysis data to a new learning task and can also routinely update the knowledge as the task evolves.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[95] viXra:1903.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 02:36:18

A Discussion of Detection of Mutual Influences Between Socialbots in Online (Social) Networks

Authors: Stefanie Urchs
Comments: 6 Pages.

Many people organise themselves online in social networks or share knowledge in open encyclopaedias. However, these networks do not only belong to humans. A huge variety of socialbots that imitate humans inhabit these and are connected to each other. The connections between socialbots lead to mutual influences between them. If the influence socialbots have on each other are too big they adapt the behaviour of the other socialbot and get worse in imitating humans. Therefore, it is necessary to detect when socialbots are mutually influencing each other. For a better overview socialbots in the social networks Facebook, Twitter and in the open encyclopaedia Wikipedia are observed and the mutual influences between them detected. Furthermore, this paper discusses how socialbots could handle the detected influences.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[94] viXra:1903.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 02:45:43

The Case for Prebiotic Chemistry During the Hadean Eon

Authors: Rainer W. Kühne
Comments: 9 Pages.

Geochemists disagree whether or not prebiotic chemistry has existed already during the Hadean Eon and whether the then terrestrial atmosphere has been strongly or weakly reduced. Here I argue that cellular life has existed already just after the end of the Hadean Eon and that terrestrial life has survived a number of cataclysms during the Earth's history. I argue that although organic molecules have been detected in meteorites that most organic molecules required for the formation of macromolecules must have been formed on Earth. Finally, I argue that the primitive terrestrial atmosphere during the Hadean Eon has been weakly reduced, so that amino acids and small nucleic acids could have been formed. I suggest that the first self-replicable macromolecules have been similar to viroids.
Category: Biochemistry

[93] viXra:1903.0118 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-08 06:34:28

A New Study on Unification of Electromagnetic Field and Gravitational Field

Authors: Ho Dong Jo, Chol Song Kim
Comments: 60 Pages.

We specified the difficulties of Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory and Einstein’s gravitational theory in detail, established a new unified theory of field including consistent electromagnetic theory and gravitational theory on the basis of new starting postulates, and applied these theoretical methods to quantum electrodynamics. We accepted a new geometrical space in which metric tensor and all main physical functions becomes implicit function, called “KR space” conforming to our starting postulates, and normalization of implicit functions in order to connect all physical functions defined in this space with real world, experimental measures. As a result, we naturally unraveled problem of radiation reaction, a historical difficult problem of Maxwell-Lorentz electromagnetic theory, built new quantum electrodynamics without renormalization procedure and also predicted some new theoretical consequences which could not find in traditional theories.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[92] viXra:1903.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 04:47:40

A Survey on Different Mechanisms to Classify Agent Behavior in a Trust Based Organic Computing Systems

Authors: Shabhrish Reddy Uddehal
Comments: 9 Pages.

Organic Computing (OC) systems vary from traditional software systems, as these systems are composed of a large number of highly interconnected and distributed subsystems. In systems like this, it is not possible to predict all possible system configurations and to plan an adequate system behavior entirely at design time. An open/decentralized desktop grid is one example, Trust mechanisms are applied on agents that show the following Self-X properties (Self-organization, Self-healing, Self-organization and so on). In this article, some mechanisms that could help in the classification of agents behavior at run time in trust-based organic computing systems are illustrated. In doing so, isolation of agents that reduce the overall systems performance is possible. Trust concept can be used on agents and then the agents will know if their interacting agents belong to the same trust community and how trustworthy are they. Trust is a significant concern in large-scale open distributed systems. Trust lies at the core of all interactions between the agents which operate in continuously varying environments. Current research leads in the area of trust in computing systems are evaluated and addressed. This article shows mechanisms discussed can successfully identify/classify groups of systems with undesired behavior.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[91] viXra:1903.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 06:43:04

A Peculiar Natural Resonance of the Earth at 46.265 µHz

Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 6 Pages.

By carefully choosing the filter methods, the noise level of geophysical data could be reduced sufficiently to detect a hitherto unknown spectral line whose modulation is phase-locked to the duration of the year. The origin is enigmatic.
Category: Geophysics

[90] viXra:1903.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 07:19:17

Galaxies, Photon Mass on Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

With this in mind, the physicists Dmitri Ryutov, Dmitry Budker and Victor Flambaum have suggested that the rotational dynamics of galaxies might be explained by other factors. They hypothesize that the mass of photons, which are particles of light, might be responsible. [31] Europe's physics lab CERN on Tuesday said it was planning a new experiment to look for particles associated with dark matter which is believed to make up some 27 percent of the universe. [30]
Category: Astrophysics

[89] viXra:1903.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 07:40:52

Positronium Atoms Antimatter Gravity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Positronium atoms, which consist of an electron and a positron, are one type of antimatter atoms being considered to test whether antimatter falls at the same rate as matter in Earth's gravitational field. [26] Two new experiments at CERN, ALPHA-g and GBAR, have now started their journey towards answering this question. [25]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[88] viXra:1903.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 08:02:30

Sound Waves Carrying Mass

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

A trio of researchers at Columbia University has found more evidence showing that sound waves carry mass. [31] The vacuum is filled with quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field—virtual photons that pop in and out of existence—-that are assumed to behave in the same way. To make the plates repulsive and tunable, Wilczek and Stockholm University colleague Qing-Dong Jiang inserted a material between the plates that breaks this behavior. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[87] viXra:1903.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 09:39:49

Optomechanical Kerker Effect

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

For the Kerker effect to occur, particles need to have electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the same strength. [33] Technion-Israel institute of Technology researchers have succeeded in generating minute "nano-hedgehogs of light" called optical skyrmions, which could make possible revolutionary advances in information processing, transfer and storage. [32] Unique physical properties of these "magic knots" might help to satisfy demand for IT power and storage using a fraction of the energy. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[86] viXra:1903.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 09:59:53

Neutron Scattering Magnetic Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

Physicists from the University of Luxembourg and their research partners have demonstrated for the first time in a comprehensive study how magnetic materials can be examined using neutron scattering techniques. [18] Scientists using neutron scattering methods to look at the behavior of materials under stress or during phase changes and chemical reactions can view processes from new angles using event-based data. [17]
Category: Condensed Matter

[85] viXra:1903.0109 [pdf] replaced on 2020-12-05 04:22:01

An Analysis of the Rotation Curves of Disk Galaxies Using the Sparc Catalogue

Authors: Jo Ke
Comments: 23 Pages.

The SPARC catalogue of disk galaxies contains data on both the rotation curves and the baryonic matter distributions. This data set enables an analysis to be carried out to see whether a simple weighting function applied to the matter distributions can explain the rotation curves, without the need for any dark matter. It turns out that the radial distance raised to a small negative power is such a weighting function and it is sufficient to explain the observed rotation curves. This observational result leads to a new expression for the rotation curve with only one adjustable parameter.
Category: Astrophysics

[84] viXra:1903.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 14:04:44

Maxwell Field Equation Tutorial: Its Causal Lorentz-Covariant Solution in Integral Form

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 5 Pages.

This tutorial sets out the detailed steps which produce the causal solution in integral form of the Maxwell field equation set, the causal solution being the one which vanishes in the absence of the source charge-current density, including during the time prior to that source being switched on. After warming up by obtaining the causal solution in integral form for the static source and field case, the Lorentz-covariant antisymmetric electromagnetic field tensor is defined, and the Maxwell field equation set is converted to its Lorentz-covariant form, whose formal causal solution is obtained in nine lines, but whose Green's function initially is ill-defined, a subtle issue whose ultimate causal resolution prompts a substantial effusion of ink. The integral solution which emerges can be exhibited either as manifestly Lorentz covariant or as very closely related to the static-case solution, except for systematic causal time retardation. Although direct solution for the electromagnetic field tensor is emphasized, the algebraically less involved four-vector intermediary potential approach is outlined in parallel.
Category: Classical Physics

[83] viXra:1903.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 22:12:54

Exploring & Examining Cryo-EM Images in the Context of Helical Protein Polymers/Bio-Polymers for Helical Reconstructions Using Ruby Language/Machine Learning/Image Processing/ruby-LLVM Informatics Framework.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Exploring & Examining Cryo-EM Images in the Context of Helical Protein Polymers/Bio-Polymers for Helical Reconstructions Using Ruby Language/Machine Learning/Image Processing/ruby-LLVM Informatics Framework.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[82] viXra:1903.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 05:07:57

A Physicist’s Physicist Ponders the Nature of Reality.russian Translation from Edward Witten, Natalie Wolchover, November 28, 2017 by V.a. Kasimov

Authors: Касимов В.
Comments: 6 Pages. In Russian

Edward Witten reflects on the meaning of dualities in physics and math, emergent space-time, and the pursuit of a complete description of nature.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[81] viXra:1903.0102 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-12 11:52:48

What Is Wrong With Physics?

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 26 Pages.

What is wrong with Physics according to Quantum FFF Theory? 1: Gravity is a dual Pressure Force. ( Dipole repeller) 2: The Vacuum has resistance for ALL motion. 3: Lorentz polarization of propeller shaped Rigid String Fermions is the compensation to keep the original motion in space. 4: Fermion Inertia is the transition process for Lorentz polarization. 5: Black Holes Repel ALL Fermions. 6: the lightspeed is variable by gravity influence of the vacuum frame. 7: The Raspberry Multiverse has 8 or 12 symmetric anti- copy universes, which is the origin of uncertainty, Human Consciousness and Lorentz polarization memory. (inertia) How could we test this new physics? According to Quantum FFF Theory, (Function Follows Form) the process of wave function collapse of two entangled particles into mirror symmetrical states, is the basic process for all created particles. As a consequence, we should live inside one part of a mirror Charge-Parity-symmetrical entangled copy MULTIVERSE with one central origin the big bang. We will give it the name: Raspberry Multiverse. Even human choice making should be subjected to this mirror symmetrical process. Benjamin Libet described a choice experiment, which we could use to measure how many copy universes there should be. At the smaller scale however, we observe also entanglement effects between particles. Einstein called them “spooky action at a distance”, which he did not like and suggested a different explanation called “Hidden Variables”. However I present here a support for the spooky faster than light entanglement explanation, based on an extended Stern Gerlach experiment, in line with J.S Bell’s arguments about a strange aspect of the original experiment. That even the lightspeed constancy theory should be adapted, by a different Michelson Morley experiment seems to be a logic result of the Quantum FFF Model..
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[80] viXra:1903.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 05:27:25

Wormhole Attacks as Security Risk in Wireless Sensor Networks and Countermeasures of RPL

Authors: Marco Mühl
Comments: 5 Pages. In German

Security is a big topic for basically every network. Attackers are consistently improving their methods and should always be considered a big threat. Especially in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) it is important to find countermeasures. But often this is a big challenge: Finding the right balance between security, effort, performance and cost is not easy. In this paper it is shown, how the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) can handle an often used attack on networks: the wormhole attack.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[79] viXra:1903.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 05:46:58

Proceedings on Non Commutative Geometry.

Authors: Johan Noldus
Comments: 67 Pages.

Non commutative geometry is developed from the point of view of an extension of quantum logic. We provide for an example of a non-abelian simplex as well as a non-abelian curved Riemannian space.
Category: Geometry

[78] viXra:1903.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 06:31:22

Finite Faithful G-Sets Are Asymptotically Free

Authors: Pierre-Yves Gaillard
Comments: 3 Pages.

Let G be a finite nontrivial group, let X be a finite faithful G-set, let P^i(X) be the i-th power set of X, let n(i) be the number of points of P^i(X), let m(i) be the number of points of P^i(X) with non-trivial stabilizer, let k be the number of prime order subgroups of G, and set E(j):=2^j for any integer j. We prove that n(i)/m(i) is at least E(n(i-1)/4)/k for i>1.
Category: Algebra

[77] viXra:1903.0093 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-07 05:22:18

The Unified Theory Of Relativity

Authors: Warren Tancock
Comments: 7 Pages. warren.tancock@gmail.com

A unified description of acceleration that doesn't distinguish between straight geodesic worldlines in curved spacetime and curved worldlines in flat spacetime, thereby simplifying and unifying the special and the general theories of relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[76] viXra:1903.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 07:52:07

Total Solar Eclipse Analysis (Part I)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 12 Pages.

Why the total solar eclipse is occurred? Why We See The Sun Disc = The Moon Disc? We know this answer…. because (Earth orbital distance/ Earth moon distance) = (sun diameter/ Moon diameter) Now The question is…"Is there a geometrical reason behind the previous equation?" The current theory tells us No ….It's just pure coincidence….! But easily we can guess that, there's some geometrical reason behind and the current theory is incorrect Let's see this same equation in more clear light (Sun diameter / Earth moon distance) = (Earth Diameter / Moon diameter) (Equ. No. II) Equation No. II This equation has specific significance Let's analyze The Left Part in following: 1-The Sun Diameter = Jupiter Circumference x π(error 1.5%) 2-Earth Moon Distance 378675 km (Solar Eclipse Radius) =Saturn Circumference We know that, 3-(2 Saturn Circumference) = (2 Jupiter Circumference – Jupiter Diameter) 4-Solar Planets Diameters Total = 2 Jupiter diameters + 1 Saturn diameter we'll try to explain this data in this paper
Category: Astrophysics

[75] viXra:1903.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 09:07:04

Deep Meta-Learning and Dynamic Runtime Exploitation of Knowledge Sources for Traffic Control

Authors: Sandra Ottl
Comments: 7 Pages.

In the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence, meta-learning describes how previous learning experiences can be used to increase the performance on a new task. For this purpose, it can be investigated how prior (similar) tasks have been approached and improved, and knowledge can be obtained about achieving the same goal for the new task. This paper outlines the basic meta-learning process which consists of learning meta-models from meta-data of tasks, algorithms and how these algorithms perform on the respective tasks. Further, a focus is set on how this approach can be applied and is already used in the context of deep learning. Here, meta-learning is concerned with the respective machine learning models themselves, for example how their parameters are initialised or adapted during training. Also, meta-learning is assessed from the viewpoint of Organic Computing (OC) where finding effective learning techniques that are able to handle sparse and unseen data is of importance. An alternative perspective on meta-learning coming from this domain that focuses on how an OC system can improve its behaviour with the help of external knowledge sources, is highlighted. To bridge the gap between those two perspectives, a model is proposed that integrates a deep, meta-learned traffic flow predictor into an organic traffic control (OTC) system that dynamically exploits knowledge sources during runtime.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[74] viXra:1903.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 15:06:40

Euler-Mascheroni Irrationality Proof

Authors: F.L.B. Périat
Comments: 2 Pages.

A new lemma that permits it's proof
Category: General Mathematics

[73] viXra:1903.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 15:43:42

Novelty Detection Algorithms and Their Application in Industry 4.0

Authors: Christoph Stemp
Comments: 7 Pages.

Novelty detection is a very important part of Intelligent Systems. Its task is to classify the data produced by the system and identify any new or unknown pattern that were not present during the training of the model. Different algorithms have been proposed over the years using a wide variety of different technologies like probabilistic models and neural networks. Novelty detection and reaction is used to enable self*-properties in technical systems to cope with increasingly complex processes. Using the notion of Organic Computing, industrial factories are getting more and more advanced and intelligent. Machines gain the capability of self-organization, self-configuration and self-adaptation to react to outside influences. This survey paper looks at the state-of-the-art technologies used in Industry 4.0 and assesses different novelty detection algorithms and their usage in such systems. Therefore, different data-sources and consequently applications for potential novelty detection are analyzed. Three different novelty detection algorithms are then present using different underlying technologies and the applicability of these algorithms in combination with the defined scenarios is analyzed.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[72] viXra:1903.0085 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-14 03:12:00

A Model for Creation: Part II

Authors: Paul Bernard White
Comments: 59 Pages.

In Part I we developed a model, called system P, for constructing the physical universe. In the present paper (Part II) we explore the hypothesis that something exists prior to the physical universe; i.e. we suppose that there exists a sequence of projections (and levels) that is prior to the sequence that constructs the physical universe itself. To avoid an infinite regress, this prior sequence must be finite, meaning that the whole chain of creative projections must begin at some primal level which is itself uncreated. So, from this primal level emanates a primal sequence of projections, which yields a first-created system; by definition, there is no creation prior to this first system. Proceeding from this basis, we use the template of our previous work in constructing entities in the physical universe to outline the construction of entities in this first-created system. Next, we seek an interpretation of this first system and its entities. Since our "primal level" is an uncreated state of being from which all creation springs, it draws obvious allusions to the concept of "God". So at this point the model bumps head-on into theology, and we are forced to ask: Is there some metaphysically- or theologically-related work that can help us to interpret this first-created system and its entities? Indeed, such a work, and consequent interpretations, will be put forth --- from which much more then follows.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[71] viXra:1903.0084 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-13 18:01:53

A Model for Creation: Part I

Authors: Paul Bernard White
Comments: 47 Pages.

Four initial postulates are presented (with two more added later), which state that construction of the physical universe proceeds from a sequence of discrete steps or "projections" --- a process that yields a sequence of discrete levels (labeled 0, 1, 2, 3, 4). At or above level 2 the model yields a (3+1)-dimensional structure, which is interpreted as ordinary space and time. As a result, time does not exist below level 2 of the system, and thus the quantum of action, h, which depends on time (since its unit is time•energy), also does not exist below level 2. This implies that the quantum of action is not fundamental, and thus e.g. that the physical universe cannot have originated from a quantum fluctuation. When the gravitational interaction for the model is developed, it is seen that the basic ingredient for gravity is already operating at level 1 of the system, which implies that gravity, too, is not fundamentally quantum mechanical (since, as stated, h only kicks in at level 2) --- perhaps obviating the need for a quantum theory of gravity. Further arguments along this line lead to the conclusion that quantum fluctuations cannot be a source of gravity, and thus cannot contribute to the cosmological constant --- thereby averting the cosmological constant problem. Along the way, the model also provides explanations for dark energy, the beginning and ending of inflation, quark confinement, and more. Although the model dethrones the quantum, it nevertheless elevates an idea in physics that was engendered by quantum mechanics: the necessary role of "observers" in constructing the world.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[70] viXra:1903.0083 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-13 17:39:29

A Derivation of Space and Time

Authors: Paul Bernard White
Comments: 10 pages. Publication: Progress in Physics 15 (2).

Four simple postulates are presented, from which we derive a (3+1)‑dimensional structure, interpreted as ordinary space and time. We then derive further properties of space: isotropy and homogeneity; a rapid expansion within the first instant of time (i.e. inflation); and a continual and uniform expansionary pressure, due to a continual influx of (non-zero-point) energy that is uniformly distributed (i.e. dark energy). In addition, the time dimension is shown to have an "arrow". These results suggest that the four postulates may be fundamental to the construction of the physical universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[69] viXra:1903.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 03:03:18

CERN Hunt for Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Europe's physics lab CERN on Tuesday said it was planning a new experiment to look for particles associated with dark matter which is believed to make up some 27 percent of the universe. [30] In a recent study, the CMS collaboration describes how it has sifted through data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to try and spot dark quarks. [29]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[68] viXra:1903.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 03:35:44

Unique, Tiny Resonator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

"The novelty here is if you excite this resonator device in the right way, the structure vibrates with a spectrum consisting of multiple frequencies evenly spaced, in spite of the fact that it is driven by a single frequency," said Daniel Lopez, group leader for the Center for Nanoscale Materials' Nanofabrication and Devices group. [43] A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42]
Category: Condensed Matter

[67] viXra:1903.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 04:04:39

Random Anti-Laser

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

The so-called random lasers make use of this multiple scattering. Such exotic lasers have a complicated, random internal structure and radiate a very specific, individual light pattern when supplied with energy." [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[66] viXra:1903.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 04:22:00

Highest Quantum Volume to Date

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

IBM has announced at this year's American Physical Society meeting that its System Q One quantum computer has reached its "highest quantum volume to date"—a measure that the computer has doubled in performance in each of the past two years, the company reports. [34] Magnetic materials have a worldwide market share of some $50 billion per year. A new frontier in the study of these materials, femtomagnetism, could lead to ultrafast magnetic storage devices that would transform information processing technologies with storage devices several orders of magnitude faster. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[65] viXra:1903.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 04:42:45

Physical Barriers of Migrating Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Migrating cells must overcome physical barriers such as tight pores in finely meshed tissues. A recent study by a team of LMU biophysicists provides a new theory to describe how cells manoeuvre such confining environments. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

[64] viXra:1903.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 05:56:35

Force Of Quantum Gravity Between Two Bodies

Authors: Ravindra Sidramappa Mundase
Comments: 4 Pages.

force of quantum gravity between two bodies has been derived using shell theorem of quantum gravity developed by me.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[63] viXra:1903.0074 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-16 10:57:29

Some Problems About The Electron-Pair Theory In Superconductor

Authors: Ting-Hang Pei
Comments: 9 Pages.

We review the superconductor theory based on the electron pair first. Then several viewpoints are discussed and concluded that such electron pair is not stable in the superconducting state. The speed of each electron in the electron pair is about 2.02x10^6 m/s in Al. However, the longitudinal and transverse speeds of the crystal waves in Al is merely 6.47x10^3 m/s and 3.40x10^3 m/s in [100] direction, respectively. It is almost impossible that the mediated phonon can real-time transfer momentum and energy between two so high-speed and inverse-momentum electrons in the superconducting state. The more possible process is that each electron can absorb other phonons propagating from any place in the crystal. The best condition for the electron pair is total zero momentum but how to make such electron pair stably conduct electric current is a problem because one of them is accelerated and the other is decelerated applied the external electric field. In conclusion, the electron pair is not physical but just the quasi-physical process and the mediated phonon is a virtual one for calculating the second-order perturbation.
Category: Condensed Matter

[62] viXra:1903.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 07:56:20

Light Enhance Superconductivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 15 Pages.

Under normal electron band theory, Mott insulators ought to conduct electricity, but they do not due to interactions among their electrons. [29] Important challenges in creating practical quantum computers have been addressed by two independent teams of physicists in the US. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits—circuits that have zero electrical resistance—can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[61] viXra:1903.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 08:17:24

Network Human Physiology

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 80 Pages.

This week at the 2019 American Physical Society March Meeting in Boston, Plamen Ch. Ivanov, a Boston University physicist affiliated with Harvard Medical School, will present a new paradigm called "network physiology." [46] The Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) in South Korea developed a thermoelectric module that generates electricity using human body heat. [45]
Category: Physics of Biology

[60] viXra:1903.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 08:43:29

Quantum Effects in Superfluid Fermions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29] Engineers at MIT and Penn State University have found that under the right conditions, ordinary clear water droplets on a transparent surface can produce brilliant colors, without the addition of inks or dyes. [28]
Category: Astrophysics

[59] viXra:1903.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 10:02:13

High-Speed Images Formation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[58] viXra:1903.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 10:23:16

Errors in Biomedical Research Results

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 82 Pages.

Just like the wrong ingredients can spoil a cake, so too can the wrong ingredients spoil the results in biomedical research. [47] This week at the 2019 American Physical Society March Meeting in Boston, Plamen Ch. Ivanov, a Boston University physicist affiliated with Harvard Medical School, will present a new paradigm called "network physiology." [46] The Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) in South Korea developed a thermoelectric module that generates electricity using human body heat. [45]
Category: Physics of Biology

[57] viXra:1903.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 11:37:07

On the Hidden Meaning of the Tragedy "Othello" by William Shakespeare

Authors: Lev I. Verkhovsky
Comments: 12 Pages. The article in Russian

We analyzed the play basing on the assumption that it was written by Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland, and that he reflected in it his personal problems and the circle of people close to him. As it is known, Earl of Rutland -- one of the main candidates for the authorship of Shakespeare's creations. As a result, we found out what real persons were the prototypes of the main characters, what was the secret meaning of the play. Other our articles on the Shakespearean theme are presented in the book `Shakespeare: Faces and Masks` (2018, in Russian) – «Шекспир: лица и маски» (М.: Спутник+, 2018, сейчас имеется в продаже) and in our personal site http://lev-verkhovsky.ru/
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[56] viXra:1903.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 12:49:54

The Third International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Nursing Port Said University 2017 Neutrosophic Information Systems and Nursing Scientific Research.

Authors: A.A. Salama, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 5 Pages.

Abstracts for The Third International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Nursing Port Said University 2017, Neutrosophic Information Systems and Nursing Scientific Research.
Category: General Mathematics

[55] viXra:1903.0066 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-12 06:53:09

Observations of a Possible Unification Algebra

Authors: Robert G. Wallace
Comments: 29 Pages.

A C-loop algebra is assembled as the product 0f a Clifford algebra and a Cayley-Dickson algebra. Once the principle of spatial equivalence is invoked, a sub-algebra is identified with features that suggest it could provide an underlying basis for the standard model of fundamental particles.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[54] viXra:1903.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 01:52:54

One-Third of the Electric Charge

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

"There's a process in strongly interacting physics where fundamental particles, like electrons, can come together and behave as if they were a fraction of an electron," said Davis, a graduate student in Foster's research group. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[53] viXra:1903.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 03:40:06

Tuning Quantum Forces Repulsive

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

The vacuum is filled with quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field—virtual photons that pop in and out of existence—-that are assumed to behave in the same way. To make the plates repulsive and tunable, Wilczek and Stockholm University colleague Qing-Dong Jiang inserted a material between the plates that breaks this behavior. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[52] viXra:1903.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 04:01:01

Magnetic Monopole in the Act

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Such devices would use magnetic films and superconducting thin films to deploy and manipulate magnetic monopoles to sort and store data based on the north or south direction of their poles—analogous to the ones and zeros in conventional magnetic storage devices. [31] The vacuum is filled with quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field—virtual photons that pop in and out of existence—-that are assumed to behave in the same way. To make the plates repulsive and tunable, Wilczek and Stockholm University colleague Qing-Dong Jiang inserted a material between the plates that breaks this behavior. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[51] viXra:1903.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 04:40:30

Magnonic Devices Replace Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Devices based on magnonic currents—quasi-particles associated with waves of magnetization, or spin waves, in certain magnetic materials—would transform the industry, though scientists need to better understand how to control them. [32] Such devices would use magnetic films and superconducting thin films to deploy and manipulate magnetic monopoles to sort and store data based on the north or south direction of their poles—analogous to the ones and zeros in conventional magnetic storage devices. [31]
Category: Condensed Matter

[50] viXra:1903.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 04:51:06

Magnetic Quantum Storage

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Magnetic materials have a worldwide market share of some $50 billion per year. A new frontier in the study of these materials, femtomagnetism, could lead to ultrafast magnetic storage devices that would transform information processing technologies with storage devices several orders of magnitude faster. [33] Devices based on magnonic currents—quasi-particles associated with waves of magnetization, or spin waves , in certain HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/magnetic+materials/" magnetic materials —would transform the industry, though scientists need to better understand how to control them. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[49] viXra:1903.0059 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-28 15:40:42

Are Imaginary Numbers Rooted in an Asymmetric Number System? The Alternative is a Symmetric Number System!

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug, Pankaj Mani
Comments: 7 Pages. important typo in table fixed

In this paper, we point out an interesting asymmetry in the rules of fundamental mathematics between positive and negative numbers. Further, we show that there exists an alternative numerical system that is basically identical to today’s system, but where positive numbers dominate over negative numbers. This is like a mirror symmetry of the existing number system. The asymmetry in both of these systems leads to imaginary and complex numbers. We also suggest an alternative number system with perfectly symmetrical rules – that is, where there is no dominance of negative numbers over positive numbers, or vice versa, and where imaginary and complex numbers are no longer needed. This number system seems to be superior to other numerical systems, as it brings simplicity and logic back to areas that have been dominated by complex rules for much of the history of mathematics. We also briefly discuss how the Riemann hypothesis may be linked to the asymmetry in the current number system. The foundation rules of a number system can, in general, not be proven incorrect or correct inside the number system itself. However, the ultimate goal of a number system is, in our view, to be able to describe nature accurately. The optimal number system should therefore be developed with feedback from nature. If nature, at a very fundamental level, is ruled by symmetry, then a symmetric number system should make it easier to understand nature than a asymmetric number system would. We hypothesize that a symmetric number system may thus be better suited to describing nature. Such a number system should be able to get rid of imaginary numbers in space-time and quantum mechanics, for example, two areas of physics that to this day are clouded in mystery.
Category: Number Theory

[48] viXra:1903.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 05:55:25

X-ray Improve CT Scanners

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

A new measurement approach proposed by scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) could lead to a better way to calibrate computed tomography (CT) scanners, potentially streamlining patient treatment by improving communication among doctors. [46] The Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) in South Korea developed a thermoelectric module that generates electricity using human body heat. [45]
Category: Physics of Biology

[47] viXra:1903.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 06:16:28

Test for LISA Technology

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

For the first time, it has been possible to test laser measurement technology for LISA in laboratories almost under mission conditions. [20] RUDN mathematicians analyzed the properties of gravitational waves in a generalized affine-metrical space (an algebraic construction operating on the notions of a vector and a point) similarly to the properties of electromagnetic waves in Minkowski space-time. [19]
Category: Astrophysics

[46] viXra:1903.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 07:21:19

Polka-Dot Exposed to a Magnetic Field

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

A team of researchers from Royal Holloway University of London and Cornell University has found that a polka-dot pattern emerges in superfluid helium-3 when it is placed in a thin cavity and subjected to a magnetic field. [31] This tiered "wedding cake," which appears in images that show the energy level structure of the electrons, experimentally confirms how electrons interact in a tightly confined space according to long-untested rules of quantum mechanics. [30]
Category: Condensed Matter

[45] viXra:1903.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 07:36:48

Using Spiral Waves of the Little Brain on the Heart for Designing New Neuronal Circuits in Brain

Authors: Alireza Sepehri
Comments: 11 pages, 10 figures

Recently, some authors have considered the spiral waves in neuronal systems and proposed a model for it. We generalize their consideration to radiated waves from the little brain on the heart of birds to design new neuranal circuits in brain. First, we put two chick embryos in an inductor and send a current by a generator. Radiated waves of chick embryos change the initial current and produce an oscillating current which can be observed by an scope. Using this system, we consider the exchanged spiral waves between two little brains on the hearts of two chick embryos and show that they have direct effects on the life, death and other activities of each other. We put two chick embryos of two different types in this inductor and control the process of formation of neuronal circuits. Each type has it's own circuits and thus, exchanged spiral waves between two chick embryos may change shape of neuronal circuits in each type. Comparing radiated signals of a chick embryo which was under radiation in this inductor with a normal chick embryo without experiencing external wave, we can consider differences between neuronal circuits.
Category: Mind Science

[44] viXra:1903.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 07:42:41

Droplets Produce Iridescent Colors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Engineers at MIT and Penn State University have found that under the right conditions, ordinary clear water droplets on a transparent surface can produce brilliant colors, without the addition of inks or dyes. [28] A miniature prison for photons—that is the nanocavity discovered by scientists of the University of Twente. [27]
Category: Condensed Matter

[43] viXra:1903.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 08:01:54

Exotic Topological Materials are Common

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

The team created an online catalog to make it easy to design new topological materials using elements from the periodic table. [24] Topological effects, such as those found in crystals whose surfaces conduct electricity while their bulk does not, have been an exciting topic of physics research in recent years and were the subject of the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[42] viXra:1903.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 13:36:06

Intuition of Quantum Phenomena

Authors: Fernando Sánchez-Escribano Pérez
Comments: 16 Pages.

Natural intuitive explanations, given by my physical theory, of some key quantum phenomena, without any such in official theory, are exposed.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[41] viXra:1903.0049 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-31 19:43:12

Interval Sieve Algorithm - Creating a Countable Set of Real Numbers from a Closed Interval

Authors: Ron Ragusa
Comments: 6 Pages.

The interval sieve algorithm partitions a closed interval of real numbers [ri, rj] where ri < rj to create a complete list, L, of numbers in the interval. We will prove that the list L is complete, and derive the bijective function f : ℕ → [r1, r2].
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[40] viXra:1903.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 18:58:33

Supersymmetry Entière: Preons, Particles and Inflation

Authors: Risto Raitio
Comments: 26 Pages.

A scenario of particles with unbroken supersymmetry has been proposed recently, a supersymmetric preon model. It offers an economic basis for constructing the standard model particles and going beyond it to supergravity. The model predicts that the standard model's superpartners do not exist in nature. The article is largely a review of selected papers. The model is tentatively explored towards quark and lepton structure. The supersymmetric Wess-Zumino and Starobinsky type of models of inflation are discussed. Both are found to agree well with the Plank 2018 CMB data, thus giving experimental support to supersymmetry on an energy scale of $10^{13}$ GeV. Some future directions are hinted.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[39] viXra:1903.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 01:19:21

The Mesocosmos: the Success/failure System

Authors: Dong-Yih Bau
Comments: Pages. Journal-ref: IJASRM 4(4): 1-6 (2019). DOI:10.36282/IJASRM/4.4.2019.1296

Einstein developed the concepts of principle theory and the cosmos. The principle theory approach is a scientific method that guides scientists to define the structure of the (empirical) universe in logical unity, with the final product called a principle theory. The cosmos is understood as a single logical system that includes three harmonious cosmic views: the microcosmos, macrocosmos, and mesocosmos. These may be respectively considered as the components of the universe defined by quantum mechanics, general relativity, and success/failure system. Herein, we elucidate the concepts of principle theory and the cosmos to explain the mesocosmos, the success/failure system, and the latter’s significance for science and humanity. The success/failure system, a principle theory that we recently developed to reflect the mesocosmos, is a twenty-first century scientific discovery. Through the present work, we invite the scientific community to research the mesocosmos and the cosmos on the scale of the universe, in addition to all disciplines of science and final theory currently investigated.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[38] viXra:1903.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 02:45:32

Essential Factors for Light Kinematics and Special Relativity

Authors: Özgen Ersan
Comments: 4 Pages. If some factors are neglected, analyses may generate mystic inferences.

The present scientific paradigm does not allow cosmological analysis because of the non-simultaneity of data. However, a cosmological analysis was realized through a new method (the concept of Light Coordinate System). This new method also indicates that the theory of special relativity and light kinematics can be revised and improved to become more functional and useful. In this article, the essence and details of important/supplement factors (especially considering: the types of relativity, sequential chain of reference systems, prioritizing the method of co-reference frame, and relational holism) are explained.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[37] viXra:1903.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 03:56:28

Lorentz Magnetic Force Law Not Precisely Verified.

Authors: Chan Rasjid Kah Chew
Comments: 8 Pages.

The Lorentz magnetic force law has not been precisely verified. The experimental basis of it is in the early experiments done through the pioneers around the 1840s and 1850s; no new experiment has since been done when Hendrik Lorentz presented it in 1895 in its current form : F = q(v × B). The NIST data base of atomic mass of the various nuclides is actually the experimental data collected in a international distributed experiment to verify the Lorentz magnetic force law by using it to predict the atomic mass of nuclides. By comparing the predicted values with actual values measured using chemical methods, we could indirectly confirm the correctness of the law quantitatively to as much as 1 part in 10 7 .
Category: Classical Physics

[36] viXra:1903.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 06:29:19

Electricity of Human Body Heat

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 79 Pages.

The Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) in South Korea developed a thermoelectric module that generates electricity using human body heat. [45] Researchers at the University of Bonn have now transferred parts of this machinery into a bacterium. [44] Researchers in Japan have discovered that the DNA inside human cells moves around less when its genes are active. [43]
Category: Physics of Biology

[35] viXra:1903.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 06:48:17

LHC Computing Limits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

During this run, from 2015 to 2018, LHC experiments produced unprecedented volumes of data with the machine's performance exceeding all expectations. [31] The proposal envisages a new 100km circumference tunnel that would be bored through the Earth, encircling the city of Geneva and the surrounding countryside. [30] On Wednesday, 25 July, for the very first time, operators injected not just atomic nuclei but lead "atoms" containing a single electron into the LHC. [29]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[34] viXra:1903.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 07:06:21

On the True Shape of the Earth

Authors: Royan Rosche
Comments: 1 Page.

I show why the Earth does not have a geometric shape
Category: Geophysics

[33] viXra:1903.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 07:05:49

Supercomputing Controlling Noise

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Combining principles from computational fluid dynamics and acoustics, researchers at the TU Berlin have developed an analytical model that could simplify the process of designing Helmholtz resonators, a type of noise cancelling structure used in airplanes, ships, and ventilation systems. [32] During this run, from 2015 to 2018, LHC experiments produced unprecedented volumes of data with the machine's performance exceeding all expectations. [31]
Category: Condensed Matter

[32] viXra:1903.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 07:10:05

What's The Solar Planet Nature?

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 10 Pages.

What's The Solar Planet Nature? The Planet existence proves 3 claims at least 1-The planet existence is a proof that, There's a relationship between other planets based which the new planet is created. 2-The space is Energy with different densities 3-The Matter is created from Space by energy accumulation process (Shortly, The Planet Is A Relationship Between Other Planets) I.e. The first Matter in universe is created from Space Energy, and any other matter is created by this same way …., but… The Second Matter Is Created In Geometrical Relationship With The First One…
Category: Astrophysics

[31] viXra:1903.0037 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-04 21:19:00

The Quantum Space

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

We define the quantum space and the quantum group Gl_q (3) as the group of automorphisms of it.
Category: Quantum Physics

[30] viXra:1903.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 11:51:35

Stochastic Causality and Quantization of Gravity

Authors: Masamichi Sato
Comments: 8 Pages. v1, no figures.

Causality is the fundamental principle in the Einstein's theory of general relativity. We consider the theory of broken causality by the assumptions of stochastic nature to causal process. We see that the causality breaking of stochastic property brings the general relativity of broken causality, and this is equivalent to the theory of quantum gravity. We investigate some properties of quantum gravity in relation to the holographic principle. We calculate Shannon's entropy. In those investigations, we see the appearance of holographic principle at the first order in expansion of perturbation theory. The result indicates that the theory of stochastic causality, that we established, is the non-perturbative theory of quantum gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[29] viXra:1903.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 12:00:36

Anisotropic Gravity that Gives an Anisotropic Big G Inside the Codata Error Range

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 3 Pages.

At least one observational study has claimed that Newton's gravitational constant seems to vary with the direction relative to the fixed stars, see [1]. We think this is unlikely, but such experiments should be repeated or at least investigated further. If it is the case that gravity is directionally dependent, then how could this be explained, and how could/should our gravity formulas be modified? In this paper, we introduce an anisotropic big G that is dependent on the direction relative to the fixed stars, and therefore on a given location on Earth, dependent on the Earth's rotation. A series of experiments claim to have found the anisotropic one-way speed of light when getting around Einstein-Poincare synchronization, although they have not received a great deal of attention. We do not question that the one-way speed of light is isotropic when measured with Einstein-Poincare synchronized clocks. We hypothesize here that gravity moves with the speed of light and that the true one-way speed of gravity is anisotropic. Based on this, we get an anisotropic gravitational ``constant," which, if calibrated to one-way light experiments, is inside two standard deviations of error as given by CODATA.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[28] viXra:1903.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 13:04:30

Bjerknes Brachistochrone Photon

Authors: David E. Fuller, Dahl Winters
Comments: 4 Pages. Unification of Phsycs

Ideal Fluid Solution Merging Quantum Physics & Classical Physics
Category: Quantum Physics

[27] viXra:1903.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 13:41:22

Deriving Spin Signatures and the Components of Movement from Trackman Data for Pitcher Evaluation

Authors: Glenn Healey
Comments: 21 Pages.

We derive spin signatures and the components of movement from Trackman data.
Category: Statistics

[26] viXra:1903.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 16:28:58

Proof of Legendre's Conjecture and Andrica's Conjecture

Authors: Ahmad Telfah
Comments: 10 pages

this paper carrying a method to introduce the distribution of the densities of the prime numbers and the composite numbers along in natural numbers, the method basically depends on the direct deduction of the composite numbers in a specified intervals that also with using some corrections and modifications to reach maximum and minimum values of the composites and primes densities, this allowed us to detect some special conjectures related to the primes density.
Category: Number Theory

[25] viXra:1903.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 16:40:03

The Number of the Primes Less than the Magnitude of P_n^2

Authors: Ahmad Telfah
Comments: 5 pages

this paper carrying a method to calculate an approximation to the number of the prime numbers in the natural numbers interval I={1,2,3,4,……,P_n,P_n+1,P_n+2,……,P_n^2 } by using the primes (2,3,5,…,P_n ) to specify the primes density in the sub intervals I(P_n ) as I(P_n )={P_n^2 〖,P〗_n^2+1,P_n^2+2,P_n^2+3,……,P_(n+1)^2-1} has primes density of (d(P_n ))= ( ∏_(i=1)^(i=n)▒〖( 1- 1/P_i 〗 ).
Category: Number Theory

[24] viXra:1903.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 01:40:40

Probing Java Based [Henon Maps+ImageJ+JikesRVM+GCSpy] in the Context of Medical Images Secure Transmission Involving IoT & High Performance Computing Environments – A Simple Suggestion For Rapid Prototyping of Medical Imaging Platforms.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Probing Java Based [Henon Maps+ImageJ+JikesRVM+GCSpy] in the Context of Medical Images Secure Transmission Involving IoT & High Performance Computing Environments – A Simple Suggestion For Rapid Prototyping of Medical Imaging Platforms.
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[23] viXra:1903.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 05:25:27

Is There a Missing Lorentz Shift for Mass?

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 3 Pages.

In special relativity, we operate with length contraction and length transformation; these are not the same thing even though they are related. In addition, we have time dilation and time transformation. However, when it comes to mass, we have only relativistic mass and no mass transformation. We will suggest here, based on a better understanding of mass at the quantum level, that there must also be a Lorentz mass transformation. Recent research strongly indicates that mass is directly linked to the Compton wavelength of the particle in question and since we can operate with both length contraction and length transformation, this means we should have corresponding masses. Length contraction of the Compton wavelength corresponds to what is known today as relativistic mass, while length transformation means we also need mass transformation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[22] viXra:1903.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 05:47:09

Integrated Silicon Photonic Switch

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

Experimental photonic switches tested by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A., show promise toward the goal of fully optical, high-capacity switching for future high-speed data transmission networks. [41] Their research involved exploring how to exploit multicore fiber-optic technology that is expected to be used in future transmission networks. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[21] viXra:1903.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 09:40:43

Cluster Packaging of Spheres Versus Linear Packaging of Spheres

Authors: Helmut Söllinger
Comments: 10 Pages. language: German

The paper analyses the issue of optimised packaging of spheres of the same size. The question is whether a linear packaging of spheres in the shape of a sausage or a spatial cluster of spheres can minimise the volume enveloping the spheres. There is an assumption that for less than 56 spheres the linear packaging is denser and for 56 spheres the cluster is denser, but the question remains how a cluster of 56 spheres could look like. The paper shows two possible ways to build such a cluster of 56 spheres. The author finds clusters of 59, 62, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 and 80 spheres - using the same method - which are denser than a linear packaging of the same number and gets to the assumption that all convex clusters of spheres of sufficient size are denser than linear ones.
Category: Geometry

[20] viXra:1903.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 10:37:45

A New Solution of a Singular Quadratic Liénard Equation with Sundman and Lie Symmetry Analysis

Authors: Elémawussi Apédo Doutètien, Akim Boukola Yessoufou, Jean Akande, Marc Delphin Monsia
Comments: 9pages

A fairly and simple exact solution of a well-known singular quadratic Liénard type equation is developed in this paper. The solution is compared with those obtained by Sundman and Lie Symmetry analysis. It is found that the result are in nice agreement.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[19] viXra:1903.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 10:44:55

Surface Integral and Holographic Information

Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Comments: 1 Page.

Holograhic bound the space-time and suface integrals
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[18] viXra:1903.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 11:22:47

Trap for Positrons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

For the first time, scientists from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) have succeeded in losslessly guiding positrons, the antiparticles of electrons, into a magnetic field trap. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[17] viXra:1903.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 11:39:24

Photons in Jail

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

A miniature prison for photons—that is the nanocavity discovered by scientists of the University of Twente. [27] Topological effects, such as those found in crystals whose surfaces conduct electricity while their bulk does not, have been an exciting topic of physics research in recent years and were the subject of the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics. [26] A team of scientists led by Dr. Eleftherios Goulielmakis, head of the research group "Attoelectronics" at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, have been able to capture the dynamics of core-excitons in solids in real-time. [25]
Category: Condensed Matter

[16] viXra:1903.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 11:56:55

Action of Drugs via Infrared Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

Using pulsed infrared light lasers, scientists have activated molecules located inside neural tissue with an efficiency of almost 100 percent. [41] DNA damage is occurring in our cells all the time due to external agents, such as exposure to sun, or internal agents, like reactive oxygen species. To detect and repair DNA lesions, cells have evolved DNA damage response. [40] When Greg Bowman presents a slideshow about the proteins he studies, their 3-D shapes and folding patterns play out as animations on a big screen. [39]
Category: Physics of Biology

[15] viXra:1903.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 13:04:57

Protein Structures Change

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Matthias Wilmanns and colleagues at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, developed methods to study the structure of a protein "strain absorber" as it changes during muscle contractions. [42] Using pulsed infrared light lasers, scientists have activated molecules located inside neural tissue with an efficiency of almost 100 percent. [41] DNA damage is occurring in our cells all the time due to external agents, such as exposure to sun, or internal agents, like reactive oxygen species. To detect and repair DNA lesions, cells have evolved DNA damage response. [40]
Category: Physics of Biology

[14] viXra:1903.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 13:21:54

Gene Constrains DNA Movements

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

Researchers in Japan have discovered that the DNA inside human cells moves around less when its genes are active. [43] Matthias Wilmanns and colleagues at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, developed methods to study the structure of a protein "strain absorber" as it changes during muscle contractions. [42] Using pulsed infrared light lasers, scientists have activated molecules located inside neural tissue with an efficiency of almost 100 percent. [41]
Category: Physics of Biology

[13] viXra:1903.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 13:53:53

The Speed of Communication and the Place of our Life

Authors: Vladimir Aksayskiy
Comments: 5 Pages.

ome considerations are given that we are either part of the communication - nervous - cosmological system. The estimation of the sizes of viable cosmological discreteness for a man and his society is made. The estimate is d=u*t, where d is the linear size of the discreteness, and u=c*k^n is the data transfer rate of the structural elements of the discreteness, in which c is the speed of light, k is the Zhirmunsky-Kuzmin scale factor e^(e^e)=3.814*10^6, n - the number of the level of the hierarchy. We assume that a social person is a measure of all things, then for him n=0 and t=(1 s)/(24 frames)=0.042 s - the sampling period is the reciprocal of the global frame rate standard. c*k^-1=79 m/s, d~3.3 m, bio-human c*k^0=2.998*10^8 m/s, d~13,000 km, geosocium c*k^1=1.143*10^15 m/s, d~320 au, heliosocium c*k^2= 4.362*10^21 m/s, d~20,000 ly galactosocium, here au is an astronomical unit, ly is a light year.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[12] viXra:1903.0014 [pdf] replaced on 2019-08-07 08:01:52

It is Easier to Verify the Solution Than to Find it - II

Authors: Valdir Monteiro dos Santos Godoi
Comments: 14 Pages. In portuguese.

Introducing the concepts of variable languages and languages with semantic we presented original proofs of the famous P versus NP problem of Computer Science. These proofs don't implies that the NP-complete problems not belongs to P, so the P versus NP-complete problem remains open, as well as it is possible (perhaps) to solve the SAT problem in polynomial time.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[11] viXra:1903.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 20:41:54

Analisis Rancangan Siaran Radio Streaming Menggunakan Icecast2

Authors: Robby Dharmawan
Comments: 6 Pages. nothing

Radio Streaming is a technology which used to send audio files simultaneously on many computers on a network by using small data packages and producing semi-realtime output. In the streaming process, the music file will play when the computer starts receiving music file data. Icecast is an open source software that is used for streaming radio technology. Icecast2 helps users to provide Radio Internet servers using the software provided. This study aims to build a Radio Streaming system and study bandwidth requirements, as well as factors that affect the transmission delay. The result is that the unstable connection causes disconnection in the connection, the processor speed and also the connection speed and the internet affect the buffering of the recipient of the stream
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[10] viXra:1903.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 04:32:21

A Survey for Testing Self-organizing, Adaptive Systems in Industry 4.0

Authors: Caterina Rotondo
Comments: 6 Pages.

Complexity in technical development increases rapidly. Regular system are no longer able to fulfill all the requirements. Organic computing systems are inspired by how complexity is mastered in nature. This leads to a fundamental change in software engineering for complex systems. Based on machine learning techniques, a system develops self*-properties which allows it to make decisions at runtime and to operate with nearly no human interaction. Testing is a part of the software engineering process to ensure the functionality and the quality of a system. But when using self-organizing, adaptive systems traditional testing approaches reach their limits. Therefore, new methods for testing such systems have to be developed. There exist already a lot of different testing approaches. Most of them developed within a research group. Nevertheless, there is still a need for further discussion and action on this topic. In this paper the challenges for testing self-organizing, adaptive systems are specified. Three different testing approaches are reviewed in detail. Due to the ongoing fourth industrial revolution it is discussed which of these approaches would fit best for testing industrial manufacturing robots.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[9] viXra:1903.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 04:39:43

Hiding Black Hole

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

These results provide a new method to search for other hidden black holes and help us understand the growth and evolution of black holes. [34] Physically, a black hole is defined by the presence of a singularity, i.e., a region of space, bounded by an 'event horizon', within which the mass/energy density becomes infinite, and the normally well-behaved laws of physics no longer apply. [33]
Category: Astrophysics

[8] viXra:1903.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 04:48:45

Local Realism Quantum Mechanics Can Be Established: A Book Review of Quantum Mechanics’ Return to Local Realism

Authors: Runsheng Ru
Comments: Pages. The successful establishment of quantum mechanics in local realism is a very important scientific event. Therefore, this article has great news value and academic value.

The concept of wave function is widely used in existing quantum mechanics. However, the nature of the wave function is unanswerable. Many people are dissatisfied with the quantum mechanics of non-local realism and want to establish the quantum mechanics of local realism. But they did not break through the bottleneck. The model of "real wave curling inside the particle" determines that the wave function is the motion equation of localized real wave.The wave mechanics based on such wave functions is quantum mechanics of localized realism. The mathematical formal system of local realism quantum mechanics is the same as the existing one. Explanation of double slit diffraction can be experiment by directional quantization. The explanation system of local realism quantum mechanics is established, and it is guaranteed that this system can also be organically combined with the existing mathematical formal systems of quantum mechanics.
Category: Quantum Physics

[7] viXra:1903.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 04:57:25

Correct Genetic Errors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Bonn have now transferred parts of this machinery into a bacterium. [44] Researchers in Japan have discovered that the DNA inside human cells moves around less when its genes are active. [43] Matthias Wilmanns and colleagues at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, developed methods to study the structure of a protein "strain absorber" as it changes during muscle contractions. [42]
Category: Physics of Biology

[6] viXra:1903.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 03:32:14

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning - From Game Theory to Organic Computing

Authors: Maurice Gerczuk
Comments: 6 Pages.

Complex systems consisting of multiple agents that interact both with each other as well as their environment can often be found in both nature and technical applications. This paper gives an overview of important Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) concepts, challenges and current research directions. It shortly introduces traditional reinforcement learning and then shows how MARL problems can be modelled as stochastic games. Here, the type of problem and the system configuration can lead to different algorithms and training goals. Key challenges such as the curse of dimensionality, choosing the right learning goal and the coordination problem are outlined. Especially, aspects of MARL that have previously been considered from a critical point of view are discussed with regards to if and how the current research has addressed these criticism or shifted their focus. The wide range of possible MARL applications is hinted at by examples from recent research. Further, MARL is assessed from an Organic Computing point of view where it takes a central role in the context of self-learning and self-adapting systems.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[5] viXra:1903.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 03:57:05

Supersymmetric Laser Array

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

A team of University of Central Florida researchers has overcome a long-standing problem in laser science, and the findings could have applications in surgery, drilling and 3-D laser mapping. [30] Supersymmetry predicts that two basic classes of fundamental particles, fermions and bosons, accompany each other in the same representation. [29] A fraction of a second after the Big Bang, a single unified force may have shattered. Scientists from the CDF and DZero Collaborations used data from the Fermilab Tevatron Collider to re-create the early universe conditions. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[4] viXra:1903.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 04:40:09

Practical Photonic Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 80 Pages.

"This work adds confidence that a quantum computer based on photons may be a practical route forward." [47] The research group of Jonathan Home, professor at the Institute for Quantum Electronics at ETH Zurich, has now realised such a qubit encoded in an oscillator. [46] "It's known that as the temperature lowers, the superconductivity is enhanced," Chen said. "The fact that much more supercurrent flowed at even lower temperatures for our device was evidence that it is flowing around these protective surfaces." [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3] viXra:1903.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 04:47:37

The Electron as a Harmonic Quantum-Mechanical Oscillator

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 12 Pages.

The particular flavor of the Zitterbewegung interpretation that we have developed in previous paper assumes the electron mass is the equivalent energy of a harmonic oscillation in a plane. We developed the metaphor of a perpetuum mobile driven by two springs that work in tandemin a 90-degree angle and with the same phase difference. This paper explores the limitations of that metaphor.
Category: Quantum Physics

[2] viXra:1903.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 04:57:41

Quantum Error in Logic Gates

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 82 Pages.

Scientists at the University of Sydney have for the first time demonstrated improvement in quantum computers by using codes designed to detect and discard errors in the logic gates of such machines. [48] "This work adds confidence that a quantum computer based on photons may be a practical route forward." [47] The research group of Jonathan Home, professor at the Institute for Quantum Electronics at ETH Zurich, has now realised such a qubit encoded in an oscillator. [46]
Category: Quantum Physics

[1] viXra:1903.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 05:25:20

Quantum Communication in Fiber-Optic Networks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

Their research involved exploring how to exploit multicore fiber-optic technology that is expected to be used in future transmission networks. [40] When Greg Bowman presents a slideshow about the proteins he studies, their 3-D shapes and folding patterns play out as animations on a big screen. [39] Researchers at the University of Helsinki uncovered the mechanisms for a novel cellular stress response arising from the toxicity of newly synthesized proteins. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics