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Any replacements are listed further down
[304] viXra:1305.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-10 12:24:58
Authors: Thanh G. Nguyen
Comments: 11 pages, 3 figures
In this article, by using fundamental concepts in classical mechanics, we derive equations describing gravitational red shift and Doppler effect for light as well as equations describing the relations among mass, momentum, and energy including mass-energy equivalence. Although our equations are different than those in Newtonian mechanics or special relativity, they yield results that are approximate results calculated with Newton mechanics or special relativity for values of velocity, which are much less than speed of light. Since the concepts in classical mechanics are not separated from the perspective of absolute space and time, this theory is named the theory of invariance.
Category: Classical Physics
[303] viXra:1305.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-07 15:39:10
Authors: Alexander Bolonkin
Comments: 26 Pages.
This proposed design for a mini thermonuclear reactor uses a method based upon a series of important innovations. A cumulative explosion presses a capsule with nuclear fuel up to 100 thousands of atmospheres, the explosive electric generator heats the capsule/pellet up to 100 million degrees and a special capsule and a special cover which keeps these pressure and temperature in capsule up to 0.001 sec. which is sufficient for Lawson criteria for ignition of thermonuclear fuel. Major advantages of these reactors/bombs is its very low cost, dimension, weight and easy production, which does not require a complex industry. The mini thermonuclear bomb can be delivered as a shell by conventional gun (from 155 mm), small civil aircraft, boat or even by an individual. The same method may be used for thermonuclear engine for electric energy plants, ships, aircrafts, tracks and rockets.
Category: Classical Physics
[302] viXra:1305.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-06 19:06:49
Authors: Alexander Bolonkin
Comments: 16 Pages.
Author offers the new method for obtaining very cheap electric energy, liquid fuel, thermal energy, fresh water and cheap nuclear fuel. He uses deuterium underground thermonuclear explosions.
He shows the installation for getting of energy (creating the underground cavity by nuclear explosive) is on the order of a thousand times cheaper than surface steel boiler designs offered by Russian scientists and more safe because in case of any damage the radiation is in the deep underground cavity. The offered system will also produce a lot of fresh water for arid regions.
Author developed the theory of underground explosions, artificial earthquake, computed projects and investigates the problems of nuclear security.
Category: Classical Physics
[301] viXra:1305.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-06 22:14:39
Authors: Franklin Hu
Comments: 3 Pages.
This a paper explores the idea that gravity is just a fairly straight forward application of the well known electrostatic force. The usual objections to an electrostatic gravity are refuted and additional evidence supporting gravity as the electrostatic force are provided. It is shown that gravity isn’t the mysterious force we think it is. Gravity is simply the electrostatic force
Category: Classical Physics
[300] viXra:1305.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-03 18:47:23
Authors: Hoa Van Nguyen
Comments: 9 Pages. 10 figures
The article presents an extended model for the electron , which is based on the image of the screened electron by the vacuum polarization . It composes of a central core that is surrounded by an assembly of electric dipoles . This extended model will be used (in subsequent articles) to calculate the effective charge and demonstrate the mechanisms of spin and radiation of the electron in external fields .
Category: Classical Physics
[299] viXra:1305.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-01 13:13:37
Authors: Branko Zivlak
Comments: 2 Pages. 2 relations
Abstract. This paper is about relations between fundamental physical constants.
Category: Classical Physics
[298] viXra:1304.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-28 11:56:36
Authors: Bolonkin Alexander
Comments: 28 Pages. Reseach of AirBorne Wind System
Ground based, wind energy extraction systems have reached their maximum capability. The limitations of current designs are wind instability and high cost of installations. The wind energy industry is in need of revolutionary ideas to increase the capabilities of wind systems. This article suggests a revolutionary innovation which produces a dramatic increase in power per unit at a lower cost per unit of energy extracted and is independent of prevailing weather. The main innovation consists of large free-flying air rotors positioned at high altitude for power and stable air stream, and two types (mechanical and electrical) of an energy cable transmission system between the air rotor and a ground system. The air rotor system flies at high altitude up to 10 km. Stability and control systems is provided which also enable changing altitude.
This article includes the theory of airborne wind systems and provides the analysis of four examples having a high unit power output (up to 50 MW). The proposed examples provide the following main advantages: 1) Large power production capacity per unit - up to ten - hundred times more than conventional ground-based small rotor designs; 2) The rotor operates at high altitude of 0.5 - 10 km where the wind flow is strong and steady; 3) Installation cost per unit energy is low and 4) The installation is environmentally friendly (no propeller noise).
Author also provides a brief review of other main wind systems/turbines describing their advantages and disadvantages.
------------------------------------------------
Keywords: wind energy, cable energy transmission, electric airborne transmission, utilization of wind energy at high altitude, air rotor, airborne wind turbines, windmills, Bolonkin.
Category: Classical Physics
[297] viXra:1304.0153 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-26 09:59:06
Authors: Nicolae Mazilu
Comments: 11 Pages.
There is still much unfinished work, and understanding, in order to set the classical theory of light and colors on a physically firm basis. The present work advances a point of view touching this issue. The main starting thesis is that the Planck’s physical theory of light carries a special meaning, which allows us to select the general algebra to be used in treating the classical geometry of colors. This algebra is the one related to the SL(2,R) Lie group. In this framework, the classical MacAdam ellipse representing the uncertainty in deciding a color within trichromatic theory of colors, is closely related to the classical Hannay angle. This relation is explained. Further on, a special representation of trichromacy can result in a special representation of QCD itself. According to this representation, the QCD can be considered as the quantum counterpart of the classical theory of colors, much in the same manner in which the quantum mechanics is considered the quantum counterpart of the classical mechanics.
Category: Classical Physics
[296] viXra:1304.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-24 19:54:30
Authors: John Shim
Comments: 4 Pages.
In this paper, it is shown that for the cases of single-slit and edge diffraction, both the Maxwell and quantum wave models are inconsistent with the Huygens-Fresnel-Kirchhoff (Huygens) model, and cannot correctly predict diffraction. It is concluded that the Huygens model represents a type of wave propagation not present in either the Maxwell or quantum wave models. It is also noted, however, that the Huygens model must be incomplete, and requires an effect from the boundaries not present in any of the models.
Category: Classical Physics
[295] viXra:1304.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-14 16:01:49
Authors: Hoa Van Nguyen
Comments: 14 Pages. PACS # 41.90.+e
There are two opposite trends in the current physics about whether or not the mass of an elementary particle ( e.g., an electron ) varying with its velocity . (Sections 1 and 2)
If the mass is thought as a constant, then the concept of varying mass must be replaced by the new concept of varying electric charge to explain some physical experimental results( e.g., in the cyclotron). In this case, a mathematical expression of the effective electric charge as a function of velocity and external field can be deduced .( Section 3 )
Finally , a thought experiment is proposed to show the variability of the electric charge of the electron by an external magnetic field .
( Section 4 )
Appendices : the concept of varying electric charge can help understand some physical phenomena .
Category: Classical Physics
[294] viXra:1303.0225 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-31 19:34:27
Authors: Alejandro A. Torassa
Comments: 1 Page.
This paper presents a principle of relativity, which states that the laws of physics should only have the same form in all non-rotating reference frames.
Category: Classical Physics
[293] viXra:1303.0207 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-27 11:36:49
Authors: Kamal L Rajpal
Comments: 4 Pages.
This article conjectures that, more energetic than the cosmic gamma photons, there should exist dark photons and Planck photons. Dark photons may be the particles of the elusive dark matter.
Category: Classical Physics
[292] viXra:1303.0203 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-26 23:17:40
Authors: Alejandro A. Torassa
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper presents an alternative classical mechanics, which can be applied in any reference frame (rotating or non-rotating) (inertial or non-inertial) without the necessity of introducing fictitious forces.
Category: Classical Physics
[291] viXra:1303.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-26 10:38:12
Authors: Kamal L Rajpal
Comments: 2 Pages.
Photons or electromagnetic waves are self propagating. After being produced, the magnetic and electric fields have existence independent of the source. This is possible only if the two fields are in phase quadrature.
Category: Classical Physics
[290] viXra:1303.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-25 09:37:46
Authors: Kamal L Rajpal
Comments: 2 Pages.
Thomas Young’s interference experiment (1803) is very simple to perform but, even after more than 200 years is one of the most difficult to understand. Quantum physics offers a mathematical model for the observed wave-particle dualism. This article gives a physical model for the wave-particle duality nature of photons.
Category: Classical Physics
[289] viXra:1303.0188 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-24 15:59:49
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 4 Pages.
The fundamental spacetime is perfectly symmetrical. In the era of inflation there appeared the four-neutrino symmetry. The CPT symmetry is incomplete so wrongly understood. Symmetry-breaking is characteristic for the phase transitions of the fundamental spacetime based on the half-integral spin constancy. The matter-antimatter asymmetry is due to the fourth phase transition of the fundamental spacetime, not due to a CPT-symmetry violation.
Category: Classical Physics
[288] viXra:1303.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-24 06:29:49
Authors: Kamal L Rajpal
Comments: 3 Pages.
Circular (or elliptical) polarized light acts as a magnet upon interaction with matter. This is the ‘inverse Faraday effect’ (IFE). This behavior can be explained with the help of a mathematical analysis. This article explains it using a simple graphical approach.
Category: Classical Physics
[287] viXra:1303.0174 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-23 23:01:50
Authors: Kamal L Rajpal
Comments: 3 Pages.
No light passes through two crossed polarizers. However, if a third polarizer is inserted, at let’s say 45 degrees, in between the two crossed polarizers then, light does go through the three polarizers in series. This behavior can be explained with the help of a mathematical analysis. This article explains it using a simple graphical approach.
Category: Classical Physics
[286] viXra:1303.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-22 20:51:12
Authors: Shreyak Chakraborty
Comments: 11 Pages. THIS PAPER SHOWS HOW MACROSCOPIC MONOPOLAR STRUCTURES MAY EXIST WHEN FERROMAGNETS(PERMANENT MAGNENTS) ARE "PARTIALLY DEACTIVATED"!
We discuss the general features and details of a Polar Deactivation
Theory for ferromagnets. We formulate its basis using a semi classical
approach towards ferromagnetic phenomena. We also present a
strong set of applications of the PDT in various areas by using specific
simulations and model designs.
Category: Classical Physics
[285] viXra:1303.0170 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-22 23:12:34
Authors: Kamal L Rajpal
Comments: 61 Pages. The article helps bridge the gap between classical and quantum physics in a non-mathematical conceptual manner.
Physical objects from quarks to planets have wavelike attributes. Quantum theory offers a mathematical model for the observed wave-particle dualism. This article gives a physical model for the wave-particle duality nature of photons, electrons, protons, neutrons, atoms and molecules. It explains the non-thermal, simple harmonic motion, intrinsic electromagnetic inertia, resonance Compton frequency, oscillation nature of atomic and subatomic particles.
The article conjectures that a photon is a magnetic dipole. It gives a physical interpretation of wave mechanics, two-slit interference, the Faraday effect, the inverse Faraday effect (IFE) and the photon string theory. It predicts the existence of Planck photons, dark photons and zero point photons. Also given is an explanation for the magnetic field of a black hole, neutron star and the Sun.
Category: Classical Physics
[284] viXra:1303.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-11 09:19:50
Authors: Anatoly V. Belyakov
Comments: 3 Pages.
It is shown that the dimensions of electrical units (ampere, coulomb, etc.) are surplus.
Category: Classical Physics
[283] viXra:1303.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-06 08:37:15
Authors: José Francisco García Juliá
Comments: 2 Pages.
The interaction between particles is carried out by the exchange of real particles.
Category: Classical Physics
[282] viXra:1303.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-04 22:45:20
Authors: Alejandro A. Torassa
Comments: 5 Pages.
In classical mechanics, this paper presents a general equation of motion, which can be applied in any reference frame (rotating or non-rotating) (inertial or non-inertial) without the necessity of introducing fictitious forces.
Category: Classical Physics
[281] viXra:1302.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-27 04:45:42
Authors: Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya
Comments: 11 Pages. Paper is sequel to http://vixra.org/abs/1301.0061
Prevailing and conventional wisdom holds that intermediate gauge Bosons for long range interactions such as the gravitational and electromagnetic interactions must be massless as is assumed to be the case for the photon which mediates the electromagnetic interaction. We have argued in Nyambuya (2013) that it should in-principle be possible to have massive photons. The problem of whether or not these photons will lead to short or long range interactions has not been answered. Naturally, because these photons are massive, one would without much pondering and excogitation on the matter assume that these photons can only take part in short range interactions. Contrary to this and to conventional wisdom; via a subtlety, we show within the confines of Proca Electrodynamics, that massive photons should be able to take part in long range interactions without any problem. While leaving the speed of light as an invariant fundamental constant, the resulting theory leads to a time variation in the Fundamental Constants of Nature, namely the permittivity and permeability of free space. In-turn, this leads to a plausible explanation as to why the fine structure constant strongly appears to be varying over cosmological times.
Category: Classical Physics
[280] viXra:1302.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-25 09:50:44
Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages. 2 pictures, 1 reference
Inconsistencies are abundant in the study of reality in the sciences. One of the most glaring inconsistencies are given in Wikipedia as it will be explained to the reader what is really happening.
Category: Classical Physics
[279] viXra:1302.0145 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-21 13:24:35
Authors: Andraz Pibernik
Comments: 3 Pages. This model led me to conclude that there is no theory of the beginning aka Big Bang and no final theory such as TOE.
In his book - Sidelights of Relativity - Albert Einstein wrote:
"Of course it would be a great advance if we could succeed in comprehending the Gravitational Field and the Electromagnetic Field together as one unified conformation. Then for the first time the epoch of theoretical physics founded by Faraday and Maxwell would reach a satisfactory conclusion. The whole of physics would become a complete system of thought just like geometry."
That union has now certainly been unveiled in the very fact that Gravity and Magnetism are both indeed the flow of electrical-mass into the earth, pushing us down as Gravity while also creating the Magnetic field of the earth.
Be sure to understand that any volumetric expansion of the Pressure of electrical-mass that surrounds the earth is what then compresses back and pushes free electrons along any given conductor. This elasticity of space is the very source of "all" generated electricity around the world at this very moment. The Pressure(Density x Temperature2) of that ocean of electrical-mass that surrounds the earth is also the very origin of Gravity (your compared Density). I dedicate this paper to my tutor and 1st physics teacher Alan Zeeper, Zee whose words I quote in this Abstract.
Category: Classical Physics
[278] viXra:1302.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-18 04:01:52
Authors: Alexander Egoyan, Karlo Moistsrapishvili
Comments: 10 Pages.
We propose a new parameterization for describing forward and backward leanings of the straight human body with the feet fixed on the ground. During this motion stability of static equilibrium of the upright human body depends on the basic parameters such as coordinates XCG and YCG of the center of gravity of the body in the upright position and the radius R of the base of support. We introduce two coefficients k1= YCG/R and k2= XCG/R which are enough to calculate critical values of the angle α between the vertical axis OY and the axis of the cylinder the body is fitted into. We have calculated critical values αcr′ and αcr′′ when the body becomes unstable during leanings back and forward correspondingly. It is shown that stability of the upright body may be characterized by the angle αcr= |αcr′ |+|αcr′′| which strongly depends on k1 and weakly depends on k2 and αopt – the value of α for the most stable position when the body’s center of gravity is exactly above the geometrical center of the base of support. Stable equilibrium will be achieved for larger αcr and smaller | αopt|.
Category: Classical Physics
[277] viXra:1302.0104 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-16 06:42:04
Authors: Vladislav M. Ledin
Comments: 5 Pages.
This article describes general conditions for unidirectional displacement of mechanical system of bodies when only the system’s internal forces work. The paper provides theoretical justification and a practical example of this process. It also describes propulsor based on the defined principles.
Category: Classical Physics
[276] viXra:1302.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-13 05:31:43
Authors: José Francisco García Juliá
Comments: 2 Pages.
Using the density of the lines of force, we have obtained the laws of Coulomb, Biot-Savart and Newton.
Category: Classical Physics
[275] viXra:1302.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-12 12:47:46
Authors: Radi I. Khrapko
Comments: 9 Pages. Thanks
Unambiguous definitions of energy-momentum and spin tensors are cited. It is shown that moment of momentum (i.e. angular momentum) and spin are different concepts, but spin is absent in the modern classical electrodynamics. Nevertheless, angular momentum and spin of a rotating dipole radiation is calculated. We notice Jackson’s and Becker’s mistakes, which convinced them of the similarity between spin and angular momentum, and we show that the equality between these concepts is false.
Category: Classical Physics
[274] viXra:1302.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-09 14:12:00
Authors: Laszlo B. Kish
Comments: 11 Pages.
We introduce seven new versions of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-(like)-Noise (KLJN) classical physical secure key exchange scheme. While these practical improvements offer progressively enhanced security and/or speed for the non-ideal conditions, the fundamental physical laws providing the security remain the same.
Category: Classical Physics
[273] viXra:1302.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-07 16:10:19
Authors: Curtis J. Forsythe
Comments: 7 Pages.
I propose an exact value for Avogadro’s number of 6.0221396992 x1023 that is derived from theoretical considerations and that is independent of experiment and the Le Gran K. Naturally, a fundamental definition of the kilogram follows by dent of this fixed value. As a further consequence of these considerations, I also propose a fixed and exact value for the fine structure constant of 7.29735252341 x 10-3. These results are precise, elegant, and unchanging with the passage of time.
Category: Classical Physics
[272] viXra:1302.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-02 14:54:25
Authors: V.A. Etkin
Comments: 14 Pages.
Показано, что рассмотрение ряда проблем теоретической физики по принципу «от целого к части» с учетом внутренних связей, придающих исследуемой системе новые свойства, кардинально изменяет результаты исследования. Сделан вывод о
первостепенной важности системного подхода как методологии исследования.
(It is shown, that consideration of some problems of theoretical physics by a principle «from whole to a part» taking into account the internal connections, giving a new properties investigated system, cardinally changes results of research. The conclusion is drawn about vital importance of the system approach as research methodology).
Category: Classical Physics
[271] viXra:1301.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-30 13:38:30
Authors: Gabor Schmera, Laszlo B. Kish
Comments: 5 Pages. Submitted for publication. US Navy - TAMU patent pending.
We present a new method for detecting and identifying bacteria by measuring impedance fluctuations (impedance noise) caused by ion release by the bacteria during phage infestation. This new method significantly increases the measured signal strength and reduces the negative effects of drift, material aging, surface imperfections, 1/f potential fluctuations, thermal noise, and amplifier noise.
Comparing BIPIF with another well-known method, bacteria detection by SEnsing of Phage Triggered Ion Cascades (SEPTIC), we find that the BIPIF algorithm is easier to implement, more stable and significantly more sensitive (by several orders of magnitude). We project that by using the BIPIF method detection of a single bacterium will be possible.
Category: Classical Physics
[270] viXra:1301.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-26 18:05:43
Authors: David E. Rutherford
Comments: 4 Pages.
We introduce a law that we believe is a natural companion to the Biot-Savart Law of classical electrodynamics. The forces resulting from these two laws compliment one another: the force due to the Biot-Savart Law changes the direction of the velocity of a test particle, but not its magnitude; the force due to the companion law changes the magnitude of the velocity, but not its direction.
Category: Classical Physics
[269] viXra:1301.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-25 21:15:46
Authors: David E. Rutherford
Comments: 4 Pages.
According to Newton's Third Law, in a collision between two isolated particles `action equals reaction'. However, in classical electrodynamics, this law is violated. In general, in a collision between two isolated charged particles, the momentum of the particles is not conserved. Typically, it is necessary to combine the field momentum with the particle momentum in order to `balance the scales'. A paradox arises from the fact that, generally, particle momentum is conserved in the center of mass (cm) frame, but not in the lab frame. Here, we offer a resolution to this paradox in which the Third Law remains valid for collisions between charged particles, in all situations and in all frames, without the need to invoke the momentum of the field.
Category: Classical Physics
[268] viXra:1301.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-24 01:29:28
Authors: David E. Rutherford
Comments: 3 Pages.
We show that the energy density of a continuous charge distribution must be twice the conventionally accepted value. This conclusion is qualified through logical argument and quantified using conventional mathematical methods.
Category: Classical Physics
[267] viXra:1301.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-24 01:37:21
Authors: David E. Rutherford
Comments: 3 Pages.
The ``4/3 problem'' of electrodynamics arose from the attempt to describe the mass of the electron as entirely electromagnetic in origin. Unfortunately, in the conventional treatment, there has been no acceptable solution offered. We present, here, a simple resolution to the `problem' and show, by considering a previously overlooked part of the `electromagnetic' field, that the mass of the electron is entirely `electromagnetic' in origin.
Category: Classical Physics
[266] viXra:1301.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-20 06:20:11
Authors: Xianzhao Zhong
Comments: 9 Pages.
In this paper, the generalized differential wave equation for free
electromagnetic field is transformed and formulated by means of
matrixes. Then Maxwell wave equation and the second form of wave
equation are deduced by matrix transformation. The solutions of the
wave equations are discussed . Finally, two differential equations of
vibration are established and their solutions are discussed .
Category: Classical Physics
[265] viXra:1301.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-19 08:21:57
Authors: Antoine Acke
Comments: 47 Pages.
The "theory of informatons" explains the electromagnetic interactions by the hypothesis that "e-information" is the substance of E.M. fields. The constituent element of that substance is called "an informaton".
The theory starts from the idea that any material object manifests itself in space by the emission of informatons: granular mass and energy less entities rushing away with the speed of light and carrying information about the position, the velocity and the electrical status of the emitter.
In this article the E.M. field in a point is characterized as the macroscopic manifestation of the presence of a cloud of informatons near that point; Maxwell's laws are mathematically deduced from the dynamics of the informatons; the electromagnetic interactions are explained as the effect of the trend of an electrically charged object to become blind for flows of e-information generated by other charged objects; and photons are identified as informatons carrying a quantum of energy, what helps us to understand the strange behaviour of light as described by QEM.
Category: Classical Physics
[264] viXra:1301.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-16 15:35:58
Authors: Alexander Bolonkin
Comments: 8 Pages.
Previously [1], this author developed a theory which allows derivation of the unknown relations between main parameters in a given field of nature. Using this theory, the outcomes of the derived formulas to estimate some values of our Universe uncovered both well-known and new unknown relations. That paper [1] which should be considered part 1 of this series offers possibly valid relations between time, matter, volume, distance, and energy. The net picture derived is that there exists in the Universe ONLY one primary factor – ENERGY. Time, matter, volume, fields are all evidence of the energy and can be transformed one to other, such as the transformation in the famous formula E = mc2.
In this paper, part 2 of that series, the author shows that the parameters of space (volume, distance) and time have limits (maximal values). The volume (distance), time contract (collapse) into a point under the specific density of the energy, matter, pressure, frequency, temperature, intensity of electric, magnetic, acceleration fields. The maximal temperature and force are independent from other conditions.
Category: Classical Physics
[263] viXra:1301.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-14 04:36:58
Authors: Khrapko R. I.
Comments: 12 Pages. The material is submitted to www.cleoconference.org
We consider two different types of angular momentum of electromagnetic radiation. 1) Moment of linear momentum, which we consider as orbital angular momentum. 2) Spin, which is not a moment of momentum; its origin is a circular polarization. We show that a circularly polarized light beam with plane phase front carries angular momentum of both types, spin and orbital angular momentum, contrary to the standard electrodynamics. Because of the conservation laws of momentum and total angular momentum, spin and moment of momentum have concrete values. These two types of angular momentum are spatially separated. Flux of spin and flux of moment of momentum act on an absorber independently. An experiment is described, which can verify this supposition.
Category: Classical Physics
[262] viXra:1301.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-11 07:28:40
Authors: Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya
Comments: 10 Pages.
Prevailing and conventional wisdom as drawn from Einstein's Special Theory \textit{of} Relativity, holds that photons are massless particles and that, every particle that travels at the speed of light must -- accordingly, be massless. Amongst other important but now resolved problems in physics, this assumption led to the Neutrino Mass Problem -- namely,``Do neutrinos have mass?" Neutrinos appear very strongly to travel at the speed of light and according to the afore-stated, they must be massless. Massless neutrinos have a problem in that one is unable to explain the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations because this requires massive neutrinos. Experiments appear to strongly suggest that indeed, neutrinos most certainly are massive particles. While this solves the problem of neutrino oscillation, it directly leads to another problem, namely that of ``How can a massive particle travel at the speed of light? Is not this speed a preserve and prerogative of only massless particles?" We argue herein that in principle, it is possible for massive particles to travel at the speed of light. In presenting the present letter, our hope is that this may aid or contribute significantly in solving the said problem of ``How can massive particles travel at the speed of light?" Further in the horizon of this solution, we are left with a question hanging over the roof-top of our mind, namely the question of whether or not photons are massless of massive?
Category: Classical Physics
[261] viXra:1301.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-08 09:21:47
Authors: Alexander Bolonkin
Comments: 17 Pages.
At the present time, rocket launch systems, flight passenger-transport and ground passenger systems have reached their peak of development. In the last 30 years there has been no increase in speed or reductions in trip costs and space launch. The space launch and air and ground transportation industry needs revolutionary ideas, which allow a jump in speed and delivery capability, and a dramatic drop in space launch and trip price. This idea (kinetic aviation and space launch) was offered and developed in a series of the author researches [1]-[7], but an important facet of this method – the ground electric hypersonic engine - was insufficiently developed. Rail Gun idea was unfit for low acceleration and long rails. All energy is spent into creating a powerful magnetic field produces a strong flash when the apparatus is disconnected from rails. When the rail length is increased, the efficiency of low speed railgun engine approaches zero.
The main idea of the offered ground hypersonic electric engine is segmentation of the acceleration track on small special closed-loop sections (12.5 – 100 m) and a system of special switches which allow return of the magnetic energy to the system transferring it to apparatus movement. This increases the efficiency of hypersonic engine up 0.9, avoids the burning of rails and using the engine for long periods of time. The same idea may be used in a conventional Rail Gun.
Author designed and computed the feasibility and practability of this invention which he designed for the purpose of using it as a space launcher for astronauts and space load, as method for hypersonic long distance aviation and as method for supersonic passenger ground rail transportation. The offered system will be significantly cheaper than the currently used MagLev (Magnetic Levitation) systems, because the vehicle employs conventional wings for levitation and the hypersonic engine is very simple. The offered system may be also used for mass launch of projectiles in war.
Category: Classical Physics
[260] viXra:1212.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2012-12-31 00:22:52
Authors: Yongfeng Yang
Comments: 12 Pages. 7 figures
It has been known for thousands of years that coastal seas hold a regular flow and ebb of the water per day. The attractive theory is thought to be the most competitive one to account for this tidal phenomenon. However, this theory cannot explain why regular water movement occurs only on all the shores of the oceans and their adjacent seas but not on the shore of any water body that is fully isolated in the land. The tidal range difference between the coastline of continent and the coastline of the island within the ocean is also an important obstacle of this theory. Here I propose that, due to the centrifugal difference between solid Earth and liquid water in the curved orbits of the Earth around the barycenter of the Earth-Moon system and around the Sun, solid Earth falls into liquid water in one side and at the time rises up from liquid water in another side give birth to a global water rise and fall on the shores of the oceans and their adjacent seas. The orbital feature of the Earth’s monthly and annual rotation, the shape of coastline, the inertia of liquid water, and other factors, are together exerting influence to this movement.
Category: Classical Physics
[259] viXra:1212.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2012-12-17 08:04:56
Authors: V.A. Etkin
Comments: 9 Pages.
Показано, что создание машин, демонстрирующих получение избыточной мощности за счет энергии силовых полей, не противоречит законам физики.
Анализируется специфика таких устройств и излагаются основы их теории
(It is shown, that creation of the machines showing reception of superfluous
power at the expense of force fields energy, does not contradict physics laws.Specificity of such devices is analyzed and bases of their theory are stated)
Category: Classical Physics
[258] viXra:1212.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2012-12-16 05:55:20
Authors: Branko Zivlak
Comments: 3 Pages.
Abstract. The aim of this article is to question: Is it possible to express fine structure constant only through 2 dimensionless physical constants?
Category: Classical Physics
[257] viXra:1212.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2012-12-10 16:08:19
Authors: Charanjeet Singh Banasrao
Comments: Language English, 8 Pages,7 Figures
It is shown that while studying the energy conversion in an approximated simple harmonic motion without damping of two masses of a beam balance an anomaly is observed. The total energy calculated out at equilibrium position where the kinetic energy of both masses is maximum is greater than the energy spent in setting the system in simple harmonic motion which is contradictory to the first law of thermodynamics. This anomaly is found only in case where conservative force is attractive in nature and follows the inverse square law such as gravity, attractive magnetic and electric forces.
Category: Classical Physics
[256] viXra:1212.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2012-12-10 00:03:50
Authors: Dirk Pons, Arion Pons, Aiden Pons
Comments: 14 Pages. Submission to Foundational Questions Institute: Essay Contest 2012
The conventional conceptual framework for fundamental physics is built on a tacit construct: the premise of particles being zero-dimensional (0-D) points. There has never been a viable alternative to this, and the Bell-type inequalities preclude large classes of alternative designs with hidden variables. Although they do not absolutely preclude the possibility of particles having non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) designs, there is the additional difficulty of finding a solution within the very small freedom permitted by the constraints. Nonetheless we show that it is possible to find such a design. We propose the internal structures and discrete field structures of this ‘cordus’ particule, and the causal relationships for the behaviour of the system. This design is shown to have high conceptual fitness to explain a variety of fundamental phenomena in a logically consistent way. It provides insights into the fundamentals of matter, force, energy and time. It offers novel explanations to long-standing enigmas and suggests that a reconceptualisation of fundamental physics is feasible. We thus show that the 0-D point premise can be challenged, and is likely to have profound consequences for physics when it falls.
Category: Classical Physics
[255] viXra:1212.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2012-12-08 10:44:51
Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 10 Pages.
This paper presents a new theory of radiation and propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves: EM waves caused by the same cause will never cross each other. It discloses a fundamental mistake in the established assumptions and method of analysis of radiation and propagation problems of electromagnetic waves and application of superposition principle. It implies invalidation of the established solutions to and implications of Maxwell’s equations, including the invalidation of the “emission” theory of EM waves (light). The 1/r dependent fields implied by the established methods of analysis of Maxwell’s equations do not exist in reality. The possibility of bending an EM wave on its way by another dependent EM wave will also be presented. The analogy of propagation of EM waves with the flow of fluids will also be discussed.
Category: Classical Physics
[254] viXra:1212.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2012-12-04 06:34:06
Authors: Anatoly V. Belyakov
Comments: 5 pages, including 4 figures. Published: Progress in Physics, 2010, v.4, p.90-94.
This study suggests a mechanical interpretation of Wheller’s model of the charge. According
to the suggested interpretation, the oppositely charged particles are connected through the vortical lines of the current thus create a close contour “input-output” whose parameters determine the properties of the charge and spin. Depending on the energetic state of the system, the contour can be structurized into the units of the second and thirs order (photons). It is found that, in the framework of this interpretation, the charge is equivalent to the momentum. The numerical value of the unit charge has also been calculated
proceeding from this basis. A system of the relations, connecting the charge to the constants of radiation (the Boltzmann, Wien, and Stefan-Boltzmann constants, and the fine structure constant) has been obtained: this give a possibility for calculating all these constants through the unit charge.
Category: Classical Physics
[253] viXra:1212.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2012-12-03 11:47:28
Authors: E. Koorambas, G. Kakavas, G.Lampousis, A.Alambeis, A.Aggelopoulos
Comments: 8 Pages.
We report here a new approach in human harvesting with piezoelectric generators, for mass energy production. Nanogenerators capable of converting energy from mechanical sources to electricity with high effective efficiency are attractive for many applications, including energy harvesters. For the purpose of massive energy production, the concept of piezo-generators detached from the human body and the idea of viewing population dynamics as mechanical stress sources were tested. Instead of modeling dynamics of traffic states on individuals, we used spatial configurations of traffic states and temporal dynamics in the metro network of Athens. PMS (Piezoelectric Metro Seats) which contain PZT stacks piezoelectric generators considered to be placed in all the EMUs (electric multiple units) of the Athens metro network. The results, either by taking into account the correlation between the amount of passengers and the amount of train departures or considering the frequency of the departures constant, are promising and the energy production can reach the amount of 40 MWh annually.
Category: Classical Physics
[252] viXra:1212.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2012-12-01 21:02:56
Authors: Alexander Bolonkin
Comments: 8 Pages.
Currently reentry of USA Space Shuttles and Command Module of Lunar Ships burns a great deal of fuel to reduce reentry speed because the temperatures are too high for atmospheric braking by conventional fiber parachutes. Recently high-temperature fiber and whiskers have been produced which could be employed in a new control rectangle parachute to create the negative lift force required. Though it is not large, a light parachute decreases Shuttle speed from 8 km/s (Shuttle) and 11 km/s (Apollo Command Module) up to 1 km/s and Space Ship heat flow by 3 4 times (not over the given temperature). The parachute surface is opened with backside so that it can emit the heat radiation efficiently to Earth-atmosphere. The temperature of parachute is about 600 1500o C. The carbon fiber is able to keep its functionality up to a temperature of 1500 2000o C. There is no conceivable problem to manufacture the parachute from carbon fiber. The proposed new method of braking may be applied to the old Space Ship as well as to newer spacecraft designs.
Category: Classical Physics
[251] viXra:1211.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2012-11-27 12:21:37
Authors: Akinbo Ojo
Comments: 16 Pages.
When absurdities are removed from Euclid's description of the properties of space, space acquires a physical reality rather than just being a mathematical abstraction. Supplemented with an equally self-evident postulate, that points have a lifetime and can emerge and disappear from nothing, the full power of a universe tiled with such points is presented. Our description is qualitative and not a fully mathematical one. Apart from confronting arguments and paradoxes against finite geometry, we are able to deduce speculative models for mass, charge, action at a distance, motion resulting from action and reaction, energy propagation and cosmogony utilizing the most elementary of constituents, space and time alone.
Category: Classical Physics
[80] viXra:1303.0225 [pdf] replaced on 2013-04-17 07:55:48
Authors: Alejandro A. Torassa
Comments: 1 Page.
This paper presents a principle of relativity, which states that the laws of physics should only have the same form in all non-rotating reference frames.
Category: Classical Physics
[79] viXra:1303.0203 [pdf] replaced on 2013-04-17 07:53:59
Authors: Alejandro A. Torassa
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper presents an alternative classical mechanics, which can be applied in any reference frame (rotating or non-rotating) (inertial or non-inertial) without the necessity of introducing fictitious forces.
Category: Classical Physics
[78] viXra:1303.0094 [pdf] replaced on 2013-04-04 14:02:39
Authors: Elias Gonzalez, Laszlo B. Kish, Robert S. Balog, Prasad Enjeti
Comments: 24 Pages. this version is submitted for publication
We introduce a protocol with a reconfigurable filter system to create non-overlapping single loops in the smart power grid for the realization of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-(like)-Noise secure key distribution system. The protocol is valid for one-dimensional grids (chain-like power line) which are the building elements of radial power systems. The speed of the protocol (the number of steps needed) versus grid size is analyzed. When properly generalized, such a system has the potential to achieve unconditionally secure key distribution over the smart power grid of arbitrary geometrical dimensions.
Category: Classical Physics
[77] viXra:1303.0082 [pdf] replaced on 2013-03-12 12:05:02
Authors: Anatoly V. Belyakov
Comments: 3 Pages. 3 p.
It is shown that the dimensions of electrical units (ampere, coulomb, etc.) are surplus.
Category: Classical Physics
[76] viXra:1303.0021 [pdf] replaced on 2013-04-17 07:52:00
Authors: Alejandro A. Torassa
Comments: 5 Pages.
In classical mechanics, this paper presents a general equation of motion, which can be applied in any reference frame (rotating or non-rotating) (inertial or non-inertial) without the necessity of introducing fictitious forces.
Category: Classical Physics
[75] viXra:1302.0104 [pdf] replaced on 2013-02-16 11:49:01
Authors: Vladislav M. Ledin
Comments: 5 Pages.
This article describes general conditions for unidirectional displacement of mechanical system of bodies when only the system’s internal forces work. The paper provides theoretical justification and a practical example of this process. It also describes propulsor based on the defined principles.
Category: Classical Physics
[74] viXra:1212.0161 [pdf] replaced on 2013-03-21 04:03:03
Authors: Yongfeng Yang
Comments: 18 Pages. 10 figures
It has been known for thousands of years that the waters of coastal seas ebb and flow on a daily basis. Gravitational attraction is thought to be the most probable cause of this tidal phenomenon. However, it cannot explain why it occurs only on the shores of oceans and their adjacent seas but not on the shore of any body of water that is fully surrounded by land. The tidal range difference between the coastline of continent and the coastline of island within the ocean is also an important obstacle for this theory. Here, I propose that, due to the centrifugal difference between solid Earth and liquid water in the curved orbit of the Earth around the barycenter of the Earth-Moon system, the rotating solid Earth regularly descends into liquid water on one side and at the same time, rises on the other, causing a global water oscillation on the shores of oceans and their adjacent seas to form tides.
Category: Classical Physics
[73] viXra:1212.0161 [pdf] replaced on 2013-01-30 01:42:48
Authors: Yongfeng Yang
Comments: 16 Pages. 10 figures
It has been known for thousands of years that the waters of coastal seas ebb and flow on a daily basis. Gravitational attraction is thought to be the most probable cause of this tidal phenomenon. However, it cannot explain why it occurs only on the shores of oceans and their adjacent seas but not on the shore of any body of water that is fully surrounded by land. The tidal range difference between the coastline of continent and the coastline of island within the ocean is also an important obstacle for this theory. Here, I propose that, due to the centrifugal difference between solid Earth and liquid water in the curved orbits of the Earth around the barycenter of the Earth-Moon system and around the Sun, the rotating solid Earth regularly descends into liquid water on one side and at the same time, rises on the other, causing a global water oscillation on the shores of oceans and their adjacent seas to form tides.
Category: Classical Physics
[72] viXra:1212.0067 [pdf] replaced on 2013-01-06 01:37:03
Authors: Hosein Nasrolahpour
Comments: 2 Pages. A short report on " Fractional Classical Mechanics": Prespacetime Journal| October 2012 | Volume 3| Issue 12 | pp. 1194-1196
Time fractional formalism is a very useful tool in describing systems with memory and delay. In
this article, we reformulate the equations presented in [F. Mainardi, Chaos Sol. Frac. 7(9) (1996)
1461-1477] and show that solutions for the relaxation and oscillation equations represent
algebraic time-decaying behavior at asymptotic long time which depends on the order of time
derivative.
Category: Classical Physics
[71] viXra:1212.0056 [pdf] replaced on 2013-02-11 01:02:27
Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 10 Pages.
This paper presents a new theory of radiation and propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves: EM waves caused by the same cause will never cross each other. It discloses a fundamental mistake in the established assumptions and method of analysis of radiation and propagation problems of electromagnetic waves and application of superposition principle. It implies invalidation of the established solutions to and implications of Maxwell’s equations, including the invalidation of the “radiation” concept of EM waves (light). The 1/r dependent fields implied by the established methods of analysis of Maxwell’s equations do not exist in reality. There is no wave “detached” from its source. The possibility of bending an EM wave on its way by another dependent EM wave will also be presented. The analogy of propagation of EM waves with the flow of fluids will also be discussed.
Category: Classical Physics