Condensed Matter

1111 Submissions

[2] viXra:1111.0097 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-31 09:50:59

Understanding Superconductivity: a New Approach

Authors: Kunwar Jagdish Narain
Comments: 34 Pages. 5 Figures

All electrons, nucleons, and other particles undergo a persistent spin motion without possessing any infinite energy source, and therefore, they should have a unique structure that maintains their spinning and provides all the properties that they display. Additionally, because nothing in nature occurs without a reason or purpose, there should be an explanation for their persistent spinning motion. Therefore, the unique structures of electrons and nucleons, and purpose why they display persistent spinning motion have been determined. The results of these determinations provide the knowledge of a new force possessing characteristics of nuclear force and both attractive and repulsive components, and very clear and complete explanation of: 1) all the phenomena; 2) all the properties and effects of their systems; and 3) structures of their systems, e.g., deuterons, alpha particles, and nuclei; those are generated due to these particles. Present study is focussed on to provide understanding of how in substances at their transition temperature, resistance-less state, superconducting state, numerous properties, and effects, e.g., Meissner effect, levitation of magnet above the superconductor, and Josephson’s tunnelling, those the substances exhibit at their transition temperature, are generated.
Category: Condensed Matter

[1] viXra:1111.0072 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-31 09:59:19

Understanding Electromagnetism: a New Approach

Authors: Kunwar Jagdish Narain
Comments: 27 Pages. 7 Figures

Because all electrons, nucleons, and other particles undergo a persistent spin motion without having any source of infinite energy, they should have a unique structure that keeps them persistently spinning and provides all the properties that they display. In addition, there should be some reason or purpose why they show a persistent spin motion, because, in nature, nothing occurs without a reason or purpose. Therefore, the unique structures of electrons, and nucleons, their properties, and purpose why they possess persistent spin motion have been determined. The results of these determinations provide the knowledge of a new force possessing characteristics of nuclear force and both attractive and repulsive components, and very clear and complete explanations of: 1) all the phenomena; 2) all the properties and effects of their systems; and 3) structures of their systems, e.g., deuterons, alpha particles, and nuclei; those are generated due to these particles. Present study is focused on to provide understanding of: 1) how electrons are bound together in their beams against the repulsive Coulomb force, which is generated between them due to similar charges on them; 2) how electromagnetism is generated in electron beams and current carrying substances; 3) which type of magnetism the generated electromagnetism happens to be; 4) how a magnetic field, which possesses direction and occurs in a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow of electrons through them, is generated; 5) how, in electron orbits, and current carrying close loops, magnetic north and south poles are created, and they behave as magnetic dipoles. Present study includes also the speculation of the generations of two possible very important effects in electric current carrying close loops.
Category: Condensed Matter