Condensed Matter

1902 Submissions

[28] viXra:1902.0503 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 08:21:50

Superconducting and Magnetic States

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory have developed a method to accurately measure the "exact edge" or onset at which a magnetic field enters a superconducting material. [19] TU Wien has now made a major advance towards achieving this goal and, at the same time, has furthered an understanding of why conventional materials only become superconducting at around -200°C [18]
Category: Condensed Matter

[27] viXra:1902.0481 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 10:10:17

Dynamic Diffraction Direct Detector

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

Advances in electron microscopy – using electrons as imaging tools to see things well beyond the reach of conventional microscopes that use light – have opened up a new window into the nanoscale world and brought a wide range of samples into focus as never before. [37] "We put the optical microscope under a microscope to achieve accuracy near the atomic scale," said NIST's Samuel Stavis, who served as the project leader for these efforts. [36]
Category: Condensed Matter

[26] viXra:1902.0456 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 13:39:14

Short-Wavelength Spin Waves Control

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

That means that chips that work with spin waves don't necessarily need a predefined architecture, but they can later be changed and adapted to fulfill new tasks." [18] Hydrogen fuel cells are a promising technology for producing clean and renewable energy, but the cost and activity of their cathode materials is a major challenge for commercialization. [17] Rice University scientists have created a rubbery, shape-shifting material that morphs from one sophisticated form to another on demand. [16] Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, together with collaborators from the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University, have developed a system to convert one wavelength of light into another without the need to phase match. [15]
Category: Condensed Matter

[25] viXra:1902.0438 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 08:32:47

Polaritons Repulsive Photons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

Light particles normally do not "feel" each other because there is no interaction acting between them. Researchers at ETH have now succeeded in manipulating photons inside a semiconductor material in such a way as to make them repel each other nevertheless. [41] The researchers harnessed the power of polaritons, particles that blur the distinction between light and matter. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39]
Category: Condensed Matter

[24] viXra:1902.0429 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 00:50:56

The Richardson Nobelian Experiment in Magnetic Field

Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 8 Pages. original article

The Richardson thermal effect is considered for the situation where the thermal electrons are inserted into the homogenous magnetic field. The electron flow in magnetic field produces the synchrotron radiation. We calculate the spectral distribution of the synchrotron photons.
Category: Condensed Matter

[23] viXra:1902.0427 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 04:00:56

Graphite Quantum Surprise

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

Researchers at The University of Manchester in the UK, led by Dr. Artem Mishchenko, Prof Volodya Fal'ko and Prof Andre Geim, have discovered the quantum Hall effect in bulk graphite—a layered crystal consisting of stacked graphene layers. [42] Light particles normally do not "feel" each other because there is no interaction acting between them. Researchers at ETH have now succeeded in manipulating photons inside a semiconductor material in such a way as to make them repel each other nevertheless. [41]
Category: Condensed Matter

[22] viXra:1902.0381 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 11:05:47

Wave Reflections with Metamirrors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

The experimental validation reported in this study by Díaz-Rubio et al. is the first implementation of an anomalous reflective acoustic metamirror that could overcome the efficiency limits of the previous GSL-based designs. [27] Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have "flash-frozen" a flat crystal of 150 beryllium ions (electrically charged atoms), opening new possibilities for simulating magnetism at the quantum scale and sensing signals from mysterious dark matter. [26]
Category: Condensed Matter

[21] viXra:1902.0366 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 11:23:53

Qualitative Model Microscopic Jumps

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

A team of researchers from Universite de Lyon and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique has developed a qualitative model to describe microscopic "jumps" that happen when adhesive tape is unwound from a roll. [22] University of Illinois Professor Harry Hilton brought together several mathematical and physical theories to help look at problems in more unified ways and solve physical engineering problems. [21] A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[20] viXra:1902.0329 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 04:58:51

Neutron Scattering Research

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

Scientists using neutron scattering methods to look at the behavior of materials under stress or during phase changes and chemical reactions can view processes from new angles using event-based data. [17] The mineral sample was synthesized by Florida State University graduate student Lianyang Dong. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15]
Category: Condensed Matter

[19] viXra:1902.0323 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 08:11:26

Nano-Droplets Controlling Membrane

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology now have a clear picture of the entire process. Membrane formation turns out to start with nano-droplets in the water with a higher concentration of soap-like molecules. [33] An international research team has found a way to make light frequency conversion at the nanoscale 100 times more efficient. [32] The precision of measuring nanoscopic structures could be substantially improved, thanks to research involving the University of Warwick and QuantIC researchers at the University of Glasgow and Heriot Watt University into optical sensing. [31]
Category: Condensed Matter

[18] viXra:1902.0313 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 05:24:53

Single-Laser Metal Paint

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

A variety of laser-based techniques can be used to produce colorful artwork on metals. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Condensed Matter

[17] viXra:1902.0303 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 11:37:09

Metasurface Reflect Unusual Directions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 20 Pages.

Researchers at Aalto University have developed new metasurfaces for the arbitrary manipulation of reflected waves, essentially breaking the law to engineer the reflection of a surface at will. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12]
Category: Condensed Matter

[16] viXra:1902.0302 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 12:05:29

Light-Based Drug-Discovery Molecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells are widely studied for the conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels. [15] Researchers at Aalto University have developed new metasurfaces for the arbitrary manipulation of reflected waves, essentially breaking the law to engineer the reflection of a surface at will. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13]
Category: Condensed Matter

[15] viXra:1902.0287 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 11:23:46

Particles Switch Back and Forth

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

Three years ago, when Richard Robinson, associate professor of materials science and engineering, was on sabbatical at Hebrew University in Israel, he asked a graduate student to send him some nanoparticles of a specific size. [34] An efficient new method to find out whether a material hosts topological states or not could help increase the number of known topological materials from a few hundred to thousands. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32]
Category: Condensed Matter

[14] viXra:1902.0277 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-17 04:30:47

Laser-Induced Graphene

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG), a flaky foam of the atom-thick carbon, has many interesting properties on its own but gains new powers as part of a composite. [46] A team of researchers based at The University of Manchester have found a low cost method for producing graphene printed electronics, which significantly speeds up and reduces the cost of conductive graphene inks. [45] Graphene-based computer components that can deal in terahertz “could be used, not in a normal Macintosh or PC, but perhaps in very advanced computers with high processing rates,” Ozaki says. This 2-D material could also be used to make extremely high-speed nanodevices, he adds. [44]
Category: Condensed Matter

[13] viXra:1902.0264 [pdf] replaced on 2021-05-13 21:08:05

Discovery of A New Transport Mechanism and Physical Origin of Hume-Rothery Rules

Authors: Yuanjie Huang
Comments: 32 Pages.

Transport of solute atoms in a solvent is of paramount importance for people to understand corresponding functions of alloys, doped-semiconductors and so on. In this work, utilizing Yuheng Zhang equation, a new transport mechanism was discovered and a simple analytical theory was constructed for the vital and widespread segregation phenomena in various areas. First, the theory successfully point out that solubility of solute atoms in a solvent exhibits temperature, electronegativity difference, atomic size and valence electron concentration dependence, clarifying physical origins of the famous Hume-Rothery rules for terminal solid solution in metallurgy. Second, this theory indicates that equilibrium partition coefficient upon solidification may arise from Haiyan Zang potential and may be determined by a basic principle that spatial gradient of electrochemical potential for any type of charged particles is always zero at equilibrium state. Third, the theory may uncover physical working principles of both precipitant and extractant. Fourth, the theory reveals that stress-induced segregation of solutes in a solvent may originate from the stress-induced electric potential which may further affect stress corrosion process, as agrees with experimental observations. Overall, these theoretical discoveries may help people gain more deep understanding of related segregation phenomena and find important applications in various areas.
Category: Condensed Matter

[12] viXra:1902.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 08:02:22

Hyperbolic Metamaterial Fingerprinting

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Hyperbolic metamaterials are artificially made structures that can be formed by depositing alternating thin layers of a conductor such as silver or graphene onto a substrate. [41] For the first time scientists measured the vibrational structure of hydrogen and helium atoms by X-rays. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39]
Category: Condensed Matter

[11] viXra:1902.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 06:56:20

Dynamically Disordered Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Theoretical physicists at Linköping University have developed a computational method to calculate the transition from one phase to another in dynamically disordered solid materials. [31] Researchers at Tokai University report in Nano Letters a systematic study on the effects that using different forms of titanium oxide in planar perovskite solar cells has on the performance of the devices. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29]
Category: Condensed Matter

[10] viXra:1902.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 06:44:57

Sticky Situation at Nanoscale

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Brown University researchers have made a discovery about the way things stick together at tiny scales that could be helpful in engineering micro- and nanoscale devices. [22] University of Maryland researchers have created a fabric that can automatically regulate the amount of heat that passes through it. [21] At EPFL, Selman Sakar's research team has developed micromachines able to mechanically stimulate cells and microtissue. [20] Scientists from ITMO in collaboration with international colleagues have proposed new DNA-based nanomachines that can be used for gene therapy for cancer. [19]
Category: Condensed Matter

[9] viXra:1902.0170 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 04:59:25

Conducting Edges in 2-D Material

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

A research team comprised of scientists at the University of California, Riverside, and the University of Washington has for the first time directly imaged "edge conduction" in monolayer tungsten ditelluride, or WTe2, a newly discovered 2-D topological insulator and quantum material. [41] A team of researchers at the University of Chicago has developed a circuit platform for the exploration of quantum matter made of strongly interacting microwave photons. [40]
Category: Condensed Matter

[8] viXra:1902.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 05:31:27

Envelope to Aluminum Plasmonics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

When Rice University chemist and engineer Hossein Robatjazi set out to marry a molecular sieve called MOF to a plasmonic aluminum nanoparticle two years ago, he never imagined the key would be the same process nature uses to petrify wood. [42] A research team comprised of scientists at the University of California, Riverside, and the University of Washington has for the first time directly imaged "edge conduction" in monolayer tungsten ditelluride, or WTe2, a newly discovered 2-D topological insulator and quantum material. [41]
Category: Condensed Matter

[7] viXra:1902.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 08:18:11

Disorder Traps Sound and Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Sound and light are crucial for our life and are essential in many energy, communication and information technologies. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37]
Category: Condensed Matter

[6] viXra:1902.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 05:23:16

New Type of Magnet

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

A team of scientists has discovered the first robust example of a new type of magnet—one that holds promise for enhancing the performance of data storage technologies. [30] Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been attracting a lot of attention recently. This is because of the increased demand for faster, longer-lasting and lower-energy IT systems, and the need for higher data storage capacity. [29] Researchers have discovered that using an easily made combination of materials might be the way to offer a more stable environment for smaller and safer data storage, ultimately leading to miniature computers. [28]
Category: Condensed Matter

[5] viXra:1902.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 04:46:12

Nanosized Amplifier Photonics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

With international collaboration, researchers at Aalto University have now developed a nanosized amplifier to help light signals propagate through microchips. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37] The universal laws governing the dynamics of interacting quantum particles are yet to be fully revealed to the scientific community. [36] Now NIST scientists have designed a vacuum gauge that is small enough to deploy in commonly used vacuum chambers. [35]
Category: Condensed Matter

[4] viXra:1902.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 05:06:05

Photocurrent Loss in Particle Interface

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

A group led by Peng Chen, the Peter J.W. Debye Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Cornell, has determined that photocurrent loses approximately 20 percent of its power as it passes through the interface. [38] NIMS and Hokkaido University jointly discovered that proton transfer in electrochemical reactions is governed by the quantum tunneling effect (QTE) under the specific conditions. [37] Researchers at the University of Vienna study the relevance of quantum reference frames for the symmetries of the world. [36] Researchers in Singapore have built a refrigerator that's just three atoms big. This quantum fridge won't keep your drinks cold, but it's cool proof of physics operating at the smallest scales. [35]
Category: Condensed Matter

[3] viXra:1902.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 07:03:14

Graphene Molecular Zippers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

Now, researchers from Brown University's School of Engineering have explained how the phenomenon works, and that explanation could pave the way for a new type of controlled molecular self-assembly. [47] The team has turned graphene oxide (GO) into a soft, moldable and kneadable play dough that can be shaped and reshaped into free-standing, three-dimensional structures. [46] A team of researchers based at The University of Manchester have found a low cost method for producing graphene printed electronics, which significantly speeds up and reduces the cost of conductive graphene inks. [45]
Category: Condensed Matter

[2] viXra:1902.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 07:19:38

Electron Microscopy Nanoscale

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

A new electron microscopy technique that detects the subtle changes in the weight of proteins at the nanoscale—while keeping the sample intact—could open a new pathway for deeper, more comprehensive studies of the basic building blocks of life. [14] Researchers use a cavity-coupled double quantum dot to study electron-phonon interactions in a nanowire. [13] Quantum behavior plays a crucial role in novel and emergent material properties, such as superconductivity and magnetism. [12] A source of single photons that meets three important criteria for use in quantum-information systems has been unveiled in China by an international team of physicists. Based on a quantum dot, the device is an efficient source of photons that emerge as solo particles that are indistinguishable from each other. The researchers are now trying to use the source to create a quantum computer based on "boson sampling". [11]
Category: Condensed Matter

[1] viXra:1902.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 10:23:45

Magnetic Graphene Switches

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 79 Pages.

Researchers have found that certain ultra-thin magnetic materials can switch from insulator to conductor under high pressure, a phenomenon that could be used in the development of next-generation electronics and memory storage devices. [46] Transparent electronics are the future, according to researchers including José A. Flores-Livas and Miglė Graužinytė from the research group headed by Stefan Goedecker, Professor of Computational Physics at the University of Basel. [45] For the first time ever, an international team of researchers imaged the microscopic state of negative capacitance. [44]
Category: Condensed Matter