Previous months:
2008 - 0810(1)
2009 - 0912(3)
2010 - 1001(2) - 1003(8) - 1004(5) - 1008(1)
2011 - 1101(2) - 1102(1) - 1103(1) - 1110(2) - 1111(1) - 1112(1)
2012 - 1201(1) - 1202(1) - 1205(1) - 1209(1) - 1210(7) - 1211(5) - 1212(1)
2013 - 1301(2) - 1302(5) - 1303(2) - 1304(1)
Any replacements are listed further down
[55] viXra:1304.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-06 15:09:39
Authors: Sierra Rayne, Kaya Forest
Comments: 12 Pages.
The hypothesis that the global economy has entered, or is nearing, the "end of growth" has been proposed in the literature. Overall, we find no significant evidence to support this hypothesis, or that such economic limits are about to be reached in the near-term. Our conclusions in no way diminish concerns over current and proposed rates of non-renewable resource extraction and the negative impacts of continuing human population growth and industrial expansion on the biosphere. However, any natural system limits that have been reached or exceeded (or are about to be) do not appear to be causing sufficiently large negative feedbacks on global economic growth within the scope of the most commonly employed socio-economic indicators in order to warrant claims that future economic growth will halt or regress.
Category: Economics and Finance
[54] viXra:1303.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-21 07:51:58
Authors: Yadrin Alexander
Comments: 4 Pages. This article was discussed at PHD Russian- German seminar
This article briefly discusses the modern problem of commercial banks in the fund's formation. It has basic definition and characteristics of the portfolio investment in the banking.
Category: Economics and Finance
[53] viXra:1303.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-07 11:27:20
Authors: Andrew Nassif
Comments: 4 Pages. A short summary on economic surplus
Economic surplus could mean up to three things: excess of supplies, an extent in which people’s assets exceeds their liability, profits remaining after a company subtracts their major expenses. Another word for Economics surplus is Marshallian Surplus, named after the great economics himself Alfred Marshall. The two types of surplus are consumer and producer surplus. Consumer surplus is the monetary gain of an item purchased by the consumer. Producer’s surplus is the producer/company’s benefit of bringing an item to the market for a certain price. Paul Baran, introduced Marshall’s concept as having to do with supply and demand. Meaning when the producer’s supplies meet the consumer’s demand then it is a mutual economic surplus.
Category: Economics and Finance
[52] viXra:1302.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-20 19:13:40
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
Comments: 93 Pages. This book is not yet published.
This book consists of six social and economics papers. It discusses a wide range of topics including graph distance, urbanization and capitalism. This book is suitable for economists and also physicists who want to know more about economics issues.
Category: Economics and Finance
[51] viXra:1302.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-19 13:09:01
Authors: Andrew Nassif
Comments: 6 Pages.
A history of three hand picked rich CEOs and theorizations on how they achieved to get where they are today. This also includes information on the definition of assets, and keys to using SEO in your business.
Category: Economics and Finance
[50] viXra:1302.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-09 11:46:12
Authors: Taiki Takahashi
Comments: 7 Pages.
Impulsivity and loss of self-control in drug-dependent patients have been associated
with the manner in which they discount delayed rewards. Although drugs of abuse have
been shown to modify perceived time duration, little is known regarding the
relationship between impulsive decision-making in intertemporal choice and estimation
of time-duration.
In classical economic theory, it has been hypothesized that people discount
future reward value exponentially. In exponential discounting, a temporal discounting
rate is constant over time, which has been referred to as dynamic consistency. However,
accumulating empirical evidence in biology, psychopharmacology, behavioral
neuroscience, and neuroeconomics does not support the hypothesis. Rather, dynamically
inconsistent manners of discounting delayed rewards, e.g., hyperbolic discounting, have
been repeatedly observed in humans and non-human animals. In spite of recent
advances in neuroimaging and neuropsychopharmacological study, the reason why
humans and animals discount delayed rewards hyperbolically is unknown. In this study,
we hypothesized that empirically-observed dynamical inconsistency in intertemporal
choice may result from errors in the perception of time duration. It is proposed that
perception of temporal duration following Weber's law might explain the dynamical
inconsistency. Possible future study directions for elucidating neural mechanisms
underlying inconsistent intertemporal choice are discussed.
Category: Economics and Finance
[49] viXra:1302.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-05 23:29:10
Authors: Taiki Takahashi
Comments: 18 Pages.
Criminal behaviors have been associated with risk, time and social preferences in economics (Becker, 1968; Davis, 1988), criminology (Chamlin and Cochran, 1997), and neurolaw (Goodenough and Tucker, 2010). This study proposes a molecular neuroeconomic framework for the investigation into crime and punishment. Neuroeconomic parameters (e.g., risk-attitude, probability weighting, time discounting in intertemporal choice, loss aversion, and social discounting) are predicted to be related to criminal behavior. Neurobiological and neuroendocrinological substrates such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, cortisol (a stress hormone), sex hormones (e.g., testosterone), and oxytocin in brain regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex, the amygdala, and the cingulate may be related to the neuroeconomic parameters governing criminal behaviors. The present framework may help us develop “neurolaw” based on molecular neuroeconomics of criminal and antisocial decision-making processes.
Category: Economics and Finance
[48] viXra:1302.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-05 23:39:25
Authors: Taiki Takahashi, Ruokang Han, Fumihiko Nakamura
Comments: 11 Pages.
Intertemporal and probabilistic choices have been attracting attention in behavioral neuroeconomics. Although recent advances in neuroeconomics demonstrated neural processes underlying intertemporal and probabilistic choices, the roles of psychophysical effects on the choices have largely been understudied. In this paper, we review the roles of psychophysical effects in time and risk attitudes. It is shown that Loewenstein-Prelec’s generalized hyperbolic temporal discount function (Loewenstein and Prelec, 1992) and Prelec’s probability weighting function (Prelec, 1998) are naturally derived from psychophysical laws of time-perception.
Category: Economics and Finance
[47] viXra:1301.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-29 19:13:37
Authors: Sabiou Inoua
Comments: 30 Pages.
Abstract The standard approach to economic growth and development consists of simplifying the products and the inputs of an economy to aggregate variables, GDP, labor and capital, thus overlooking the complexity of modern economies. Recently, two authors, Hausmann and Hidalgo, initiated an alternative framework where complexity is precisely the key concept, for it is identified to be the driving force behind economic development: rich countries have complex economies, and they make products that reflect this complexity. The aim of this paper is threefold. First, we discuss some conceptual and empirical limitations of the standard theories, in particular the aggregation problem they suffer from. Second, we make a succinct presentation of the complexity approach as an alternative account on economic development. Finally, we use a simple model to explain the phenomenon of divergence and poverty trap, building on ideas developed by the authors. This model allows for more: it provides a rationale for the interpretation of ECI as a measure of the productive knowledge embedded in an economy (i.e. the number of capabilities it has), and its confrontation with the data will make it possible to compute the number of capabilities for each country compatible with its observed ECI.
[46] viXra:1301.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-15 22:19:00
Authors: Sierra Rayne, Kaya Forest
Comments: 5 Pages.
In 2008, the Canadian province of British Columbia introduced a carbon tax starting at CAD$10 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) and rising by CAD$5/tonne CO2e/year to a 2012-2013 value of CAD$30/tonne CO2e. In the current work, we find no clear evidence over the short post-tax period of record that unequivocally links British Columbia's carbon tax to significant reductions in provincial greenhouse gas emissions. There are indications the implementation of this tax may have negatively impacted British Columbia's economic performance relative to the rest of Canada. A longer post-tax period of record is likely necessary in order to reliably determine what, if any, economic and environmental effects have been generated from British Columbia's carbon tax.
Category: Economics and Finance
[45] viXra:1212.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2012-12-24 11:17:22
Authors: Sierra Rayne, Kaya Forest
Comments: 4 Pages.
Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are receiving significant attention from nations with substantial and sustained foreign reserves derived via natural resource development and/or manufacturing based export-led economies as a means of achieving intergenerational equity, government savings, and stable currency exchange rates. Based on an analysis of currency variability for representative export-led nations with and without SWFs between 1999 and 2012, the case for SWF-based currency sterilization requires further investigation. Furthermore, several nations undergoing active policy debates regarding the possible implementation of SWFs may not have current account balances suitable for accruing all perceived SWF benefits.
Category: Economics and Finance
[44] viXra:1211.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2012-11-22 18:28:27
Authors: Irene Ng, Glenn Parry, Laura Smith, Roger Maull, Gerard Briscoe
Comments: 22 pages, 4 figures
Purpose: This paper presents a visualisation of the firm's offering from a Service-Dominant Logic (S-DLogic) perspective. The case of Rolls-Royce is presented as an avenue through which to explore an alternative view of the firm's value proposition, a visualisation informed by S-DLogic that could aid organisations in their transition from G-DLogic to S-DLogic.
Design/methodology/approach: Through integration of an operations management approach in process mapping and design and simulation with choice modelling in B2B marketing this paper operationalises some of the key aspects of S-DLogic, most notably focusing on the constructs of value and resources. This is explored through a single case; Rolls-Royce which provides access to a rich source of internal and customer data.
Findings: The study finds that the S-DLogic visualisation of the firm's value proposition in equipment-based service consists of its contribution to 11 value-creating activities towards value- in-use. The visualisation depicts both the highest possible bundle of benefits for the customer along with the resources and their costs associated with delivering those bundles. When brought together these enable the identification of the optimal bundle of value-creating activities from both customer and firms' perspective.
Practical implications: Our study suggests that the visualisation of the S-DLogic-informed value- creating service system can assist the firm in their transition from G-DLogic to S-DLogic through changing mindsets and interrogating existing boundaries and legacy knowledge in manufacturing.
Originality/value: This paper provides empirical evidence of the difference between a G-DLogic and S-DLogic view of the firm's value proposition. In so doing, extending existing literature on S-DLogic by contributing to a methodological and empirical gap. Notably, it makes abstract concepts of S- DLogic concrete, providing a pathway for future empirical work and begins the process of systematising a methodology in S-DLogic.
Category: Economics and Finance
[43] viXra:1211.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2012-11-18 17:18:57
Authors: Stuart J. Nettleton
Comments: 18 Pages.
Asset turnover has been used for approximately a century in corporate capital allocation. Capital expansion coefficients have been used in the Leontief Dynamic Model but the use of asset turnover ratios to regulating production growth in Computable General Equilibrium models has been limited. This research investigates the hypothesis that there is a causal relationship between productive assets and production of commodities. The hypothesis is tested in global economic data using static and chain probabilistic graphical model selection. It was found that the hypothesis is supported for a significant number of commodities. The confirmation of the hypothesis establishes that production to assets ratios for commodities are endogenous regulators of production growth.
Category: Economics and Finance
[42] viXra:1211.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2012-11-07 15:42:40
Authors: Jose D Perezgonzalez
Comments: 3 pages, Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), Wiki of Science, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
This article provides a standard measure for improving communication in the financial sciences. It provides the inflator/deflator multiplier for calculating referential Japanese yen (rJPY, r¥). It is based on the average annual CPI for Japan (Rate Inflation, 2011).
Category: Economics and Finance
[41] viXra:1211.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2012-11-06 15:44:02
Authors: Jose D Perezgonzalez
Comments: 4 pages, Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), Wiki of Science, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
This article provides a standard measure for improving communication in the financial sciences. It provides the inflator/deflator multiplier for calculating referential Canadian dollars (rCAD, r$). It is based on the average annual CPI for Canada (Statistics Canada, 2011).
Category: Economics and Finance
[40] viXra:1211.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2012-11-05 21:50:33
Authors: Jose D Perezgonzalez
Comments: 3 pages, Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), Wiki of Science, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
This article provides a standard measure for improving communication in the financial sciences. It provides the inflator/deflator multiplier for calculating referential AUS dollars (rAUD, r$). It is based on the average annual CPI, weighted average of 8 capital cities, for all groups (Rate Inflation, 2011).
Category: Economics and Finance
[39] viXra:1210.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-30 22:30:16
Authors: Paul Krapivsky, Fang Chen, David Grace
Comments: 7 Pages.
The paper is focused on the primary issue of protection of transported cash and valuables during the transportation processes. This protection is implemented by workers of the commercial security industry. In this article are stated basic information about the organization and implementation of the transport towards the planning, and the use of defence resources. Emphasis is placed on information about the composition of transported means and their security features. Part of the article is devoted to tactical transport of cash and valuables by workers of the commercial security industry.
Category: Economics and Finance
[38] viXra:1210.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-30 14:52:54
Authors: Jose D Perezgonzalez
Comments: 2 pages, Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), Wiki of Science, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
This article provides a standard measure for improving communication in the financial sciences. It provides the inflator/deflator multiplier for calculating referential euros (rEUR, r€). It is based on the average annual HICP for the euro area, changing composition (European Central Bank, 2011).
Category: Economics and Finance
[37] viXra:1210.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-28 16:15:15
Authors: Jose D Perezgonzalez
Comments: 5 pages, Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), Wiki of Science, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
This article provides a standard measure for improving communication in the financial sciences. It provides the inflator/deflator multiplier for calculating referential New Zealand dollars (rNZD, r$). It is based on the average annual CPI for all groups (estimated from quarter inflation index values provided by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand).
Category: Economics and Finance
[36] viXra:1210.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-25 19:57:37
Authors: S. J. Nettleton
Comments: 43 Pages.
The use of Computable General Equilibrium modelling in evidence-based policy requires an advanced policy making frame of reference, advanced understanding of neoclassical economics and advanced operations research capabilities. This paper examines developments in neoclassical economic models for the analysis of strategy and policy. Regions and industries have the ever-present challenge of building a future where production is competitive and employment is durable. In this context, the inhibitor effects of potential climate constraints on regional industries and bilateral trade is currently a topic of major concern to polity. Threats often bring opportunities and these are sometimes major disruptions to traditional industry structure. Therefore of equal interest to some policy makers are the strategic opportunities that a window of superior domestic productivity and resource expansiveness may bring to nations seeking a transformative boost in export performance. The Spatial Climate Economic Policy Tool for Regional Equilibria (Sceptre) is an intertemporal, multiregional general equilibrium model for investigating regional and industry strategies in the presence of global policies such as carbon emission constraints. In its simplest mode, Sceptre translates global climate policies to regional and commodity effects. This is achieved by bringing together traditional markets for commodities with new markets in carbon commodities. These new markets are emission permits trading and a technology function for carbon abatement and amelioration. A general equilibrium is settled by optimising a social welfare function, in the mode of a Negishi format, within a nonlinear economic-climate feedback loop. Both the technology function for carbon abatement and amelioration and the economic-climate feedback loop have precedent in William Nordhaus' DICE model. The social welfare function comprises regional economic expansion factors, which are developed in a multiregional context using a data envelopment or benchmarking technique successfully applied by Thjis ten Raa to single period national and bilateral models. In a novel intertemporal innovation, Sceptre draws together disciplines of economics and finance by substituting resource constraints with Dupont sales to asset ratios in order to dynamically link and mediate the stocks and flows of each commodity. This avoids the issue in Ramsey models that investment is merely an uncontrolled residual of production and consumption, and the issue in the Leontief B-matrix approach that final industry assets are cannibalised. Regionally aggregated Make and Use matrices drawn from GTAP's Social Accounting Matrices are used in the underling economic model as regional-commodity production function tableaux. Outputs for policy consideration include global geophysical climate effects, regional and industry activity levels, bilateral trade flows, potential resource expansiveness, investment, labour and regional and industry rates of transition from carbon trading to carbon amelioration and abatement.
Category: Economics and Finance
[35] viXra:1210.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-25 15:52:02
Authors: Jose D Perezgonzalez
Comments: 2 pages, Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), Wiki of Science, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
This article provides a standard measure for improving communication in the financial sciences. It provides the inflator/deflator multiplier for calculating referential British pounds (rGBP, r£), which is based on the average annual CPI for Great Britain (Rate Inflation, 2011).
Category: Economics and Finance
[34] viXra:1210.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-24 17:45:08
Authors: Jose D Perezgonzalez
Comments: 4 pages, Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), Wiki of Science, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
The following article provides the inflator/deflator multiplier for calculating referential US dollars (rUSD, r$). It is based on the average value of the United States consumer price index for all urban consumers - US CPI-U Average (United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, 20112). The CPI-U is a useful index for comparing the cost of consumer goods and services (Williamson, 2011), and represents well the consumer patterns of about 80% of the U.S. population (excluding rural consumers, the military and institutional populations - Wikipedia, 2011).
Category: Economics and Finance
[33] viXra:1210.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-19 07:59:06
Authors: Martin Singer, Jose M. Consuelo
Comments: 7 Pages.
This paper divides the economic costs of terrorism into short term and long term costs. The authors consider as short-term costs following examples: losses in the form of immediate shock, loss of life and property values, which are followed by negative effects on the insurance, short-term investments, stock markets, tourism and its associated employment. Simultaneously, they believe that long-term costs of terrorism lie in permanent slowdown in economic growth for both the national and international economy. The authors warn of the forced expenditure on security, supply chain security and supply system. They come to the conclusion that on the grounds of increasing risk of the terrorism, states are forced to transfer their resources from production an additional wealth to realization of security measures to protect existing resources, thus reducing the long-term productivity and output.
Category: Economics and Finance
[32] viXra:1209.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2012-09-24 15:17:51
Authors: Jose D Perezgonzalez
Comments: 3 pages, Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), Wiki of Science, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
This document describes a technological application for the field of economics. It aims to fix part of the economical wandering between the 'real' and 'nominal' value of money in order to increase standardization in reporting, as well as to allow for more meaningful comparisons in time and easier understanding by readers. The proposal made here is for a fix at sovereign currency levels rather than at international levels. That is, it works at the level of, for example, the US dollar, Australian dollar, British pound or Euro, but does not propose an international currency.
Category: Economics and Finance
[31] viXra:1205.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2012-05-03 14:17:24
Authors: Bill Gaede
Comments: 4 Pages. ICBEC 2010, Hong Kong, China
Extrinsic agents such as extraterrestrial impacts and disease will not cause the extinction of Man, but rather the collapse of his artificial economy. We argue that there is no productive category of the economy beyond the Service Sector in which to shift the global work force. As the Agriculture, Manufacturing, and Service Sectors continue to shed workers in a bid to reduce costs, this inevitably feeds Unemployment. A global economic regime in which an ever decreasing pool of workers subsidizes an ever growing army of unemployed is axiomatically unsustainable and conduces to system breakdown. That fateful day, profit-minded agricultural corporations will have no further incentive to produce food or deliver it to the cities.
Category: Economics and Finance
[30] viXra:1202.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2012-02-03 06:54:25
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 10 Pages.
Two papers which provide the foundation of the human economy and the unification of the supply and demand-side schools of economic thought.
Category: Economics and Finance
[29] viXra:1201.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-05 13:24:54
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 2 Pages. In Portuguese
Municípios são englobados em decisões de política econômica de estados, que por sua
vez são englobados nas decisões de países. Governos municipais, estaduais e federais precisam
prestar atenção nos efeitos que uns exercem sobre os outros, já que, em prol de escolher a
melhor política econômica possível precisa-se saber a posição da governança
maior; e a governança maior deve adotar uma política econômica que beneficia a maioria da
governança menor.
Category: Economics and Finance
[28] viXra:1112.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-16 08:17:13
Authors: Adam Chmaj
Comments: 1 Page.
Any comments?
Category: Economics and Finance
[27] viXra:1111.0093 [pdf] submitted on 24 Nov 2011
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 5 pages.
Especificou-se em trabalhos passados como uma economia começa (Ignição do
Crescimento Econômico) e como a governança desta deve ser em diferentes fases do
crescimento (Crescimento, Economia de Oferta e de Demanda). Com a compreensão da
formação da economia e de quais políticas fiscais e monetárias adotar no progredir desta
no tempo, ou seja, sabendo-se como governar, tem-se apenas que lidar com as
armadilhas fiscais e monetárias que se encontram pelo caminho durante a governança.
Aqui buscamos compreender as causas destas armadilhas e prover aos governantes
maneiras de evitá-las e resolvê-las, objetivando a proteção da economia e,
consequentemente, dos agentes econômicos presentes nesta.
Category: Economics and Finance
[26] viXra:1110.0067 [pdf] submitted on 25 Oct 2011
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 4 pages
Considere uma área na qual não há população, então não há circulação de bens e
serviços. Se um grupo de pessoas sem riqueza decide popular a área, eles não podem
viver através de serem prestadores de serviços ou comerciantes, já que não há ninguém
para pagar por seus serviços ou prover lucro para o comércio na área. A única maneira
de pessoas sem riqueza sobreviverem é através de fazer uso dos recursos naturais (bens)
da região ou produzir bens, então elas terão algo com o qual trocar com prestadores de
serviços e comerciantes, atiçando-os para a área com advinda demanda por serviços e
bens. Quanto às pessoas que têm riqueza e se instalam em uma área inabitada, elas irão
querer trazer trabalhadores para ter suas necessidades satisfeitas sem a necessidade de
longa locomoção. Aqui nós propomos que a ignição, o começar, do crescimento
econômico numa dada localidade geográfica só pode tomar duas formas comuns
(dependente da produção de bens e dependente da instalação de indivíduos com
condições financeiras na área). Fora do patamar comum, discutem-se três formas
excepcionais (dependente do turismo, dependente da prestação de serviços que utilizam
telecomunicação, ou seja, 'exportação de serviços' e dependente do comércio cuja
clientela é transeunte) e 26 (vinte seis) formas mistas, que ocorrem em regiões onde a
ignição se dá simultaneamente por uma junção entre as formas.
Category: Economics and Finance
[25] viXra:1110.0064 [pdf] submitted on 24 Oct 2011
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 6 pages, in Portuguese
Considere riqueza circulando em uma dada localidade geográfica, já que há circulação
de bens e serviços. O que pode causar que a circulação deles diminua, estagne ou
enfrente crescimento lento nesta localidade? Somente a riqueza não circular na região,
isto é, não haver demanda. Então, o que faz com que economia de oferta seja pensada
como uma opção viável para muitos e qual seu papel no crescimento de uma economia?
Aqui nós discutimos crescimento e contrastamos a lógica da economia de demanda com
a escola de pensamento da economia de oferta, através de uma perspectiva baseada na
ignição econômica, prosseguindo do nosso trabalho prévio no assunto. Com isto,
pretendemos mostrar que tanto economia de oferta quanto de demanda tem um dado,
mas específico e não relacionado, papel no crescimento econômico e que o único fator
que influencia o crescimento é se a riqueza está circulando na dada localidade
geográfica. O presente trabalho se foca na discussão do pós-ignição de uma economia
humana.
Category: Economics and Finance
[24] viXra:1103.0083 [pdf] submitted on 21 Mar 2011
Authors: Subhajit Ganguly
Comments: 6 pages.
The issues regarding the functioning and growth of an ideal economic society is the
subject of investigation here. One basic guideline for such a society is that it must have total
control over its economics and that money cannot drive such a society from pillar to post. The
equal right of every individual over the basic amenities to live and grow and equal right of every
individual over the resources, ensuring no misuse of the society's resources may be taken care
of by controlling the market through a control-parameter, decided upon by the society.
Category: Economics and Finance
[23] viXra:1102.0047 [pdf] submitted on 25 Feb 2011
Authors: V. Christianto
Comments:
13 pages.
In the present article the writer discuss a number of alternative model of world population growth.
Category: Economics and Finance
[22] viXra:1101.0060 [pdf] submitted on 19 Jan 2011
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 4 pages
It is suggested that, unlike the long practiced traditional superficial
approaches to human issues, like those pursued by Krugman among
many others, one should give serious consideration to the frequent fact
that individuals coming from the same family background, thus with
the same racial, ethnic, cultural, economic and social initial conditions,
often diverge immensely in their adult lives across ranges between
honest work and crime, extremist and moderate politics, or atheism and
religion, among others. Presently, no social, political or economics
science deals in the least with that issue.
Category: Economics and Finance
[21] viXra:1101.0036 [pdf] submitted on 10 Jan 2011
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 4 pages
It is suggested that psychological aspects of the behaviour of the
general population with respect to economics - advocated by
Krugman, following the economic crises of 2008 - should be extended to
economists as well, in order to avoid the excessive and mostly senseless
polarization of economists in opposing ideological camps, a
polarization still so dominant nowadays.
Category: Economics and Finance
[20] viXra:1008.0002 [pdf] submitted on 1 Aug 2010
Authors: V. Christianto
Comments: 21 Pages.
In the present article a number of critical economics situations are discussed based on clan
capitalism as starting point. One can see clearly then, that instead of assuming 'ordinary
economy' and clan/crony capitalism is an exception in particular nation because of certain
socio-historical context, one should begin with the opposite assumption instead: that can
capitalism can be found almost everywhere in this planet.
Category: Economics and Finance
[19] viXra:1004.0124 [pdf] submitted on 10 Mar 2010
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Mohammad Khoshnevisan
Comments:
109 pages.
Computational models pervade all branches of the exact sciences and have in recent
times also started to prove to be of immense utility in some of the traditionally 'soft'
sciences like ecology, sociology and politics. This volume is a collection of a few cuttingedge
research papers on the application of variety of computational models and tools in
the analysis, interpretation and solution of vexing real-world problems and issues in
economics, management, ecology and global politics by some prolific researchers in the
field.
Category: Economics and Finance
[18] viXra:1004.0095 [pdf] submitted on 19 Apr 2010
Authors: Sukanto Bhattacharya
Comments: 7 pages.
The efficient market hypothesis based primarily on the statistical principle of Bayesian
inference has been proved to be only a special-case scenario. The generalized financial
market, modeled as a binary, stochastic system capable of attaining one of two possible
states ...
Category: Economics and Finance
[17] viXra:1004.0093 [pdf] submitted on 19 Apr 2010
Authors: Sukanto Bhattacharya, Florentin Smarandache, Mohammad Khoshnevisan
Comments: 10 pages.
In our present paper, we have explored the possibilities and developed arguments for an application
of principles of neutrosophic game theory as a generalization of the fuzzy game theory model to a
better understanding of the Israel-Palestine problem in terms of the goals and governing strategies
of either side. We build on an earlier attempted justification of a game theoretic explanation of
this problem by Yakir Plessner (2001) and go on to argue in favour of a neutrosophic adaptation of
the standard 2x2 zero-sum game theoretic model in order to identify an optimal outcome
Category: Economics and Finance
[16] viXra:1004.0085 [pdf] submitted on 9 Mar 2010
Authors: Florentin Smarandache
Comments:
10 pages.
During the past decades there are growing concerns on the escalation and massive deprivation
of the public life's quality, which some researchers attribute these as effects of the so-called
'Globalization'. To cite a few books, Prof. J. Stiglitz's book "Globalization and its Discontent"
has sparked debate all over the world. A somewhat less known book which is worth to mention
here is N. Hertz's book "The Silent Takeover."
The present article may not offer something new compared to the aforementioned 'standard
literature' in the critical analysis of globalization, but we discuss some hints on deep the root
causes of the problems related to globalization, not only at phenomenological-social level but
also at mathematical foundations of economics theory itself, namely the notion of 'utility'.
Category: Economics and Finance
[15] viXra:1004.0017 [pdf] submitted on 8 Mar 2010
Authors: Sukanto Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Kumar, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 9 pages
This study actually draws from and builds on an earlier paper (Kumar and
Bhattacharya, 2002). Here we have basically added a neutrosophic dimension to
the problem of determining the conditional probability that a financial fraud has
been actually committed, given that no Type I error occurred while rejecting the
null hypothesis H0: The observed first-digit frequencies approximate a Benford
distribution; and accepting the alternative hypothesis H1: The observed first-digit
frequencies do not approximate a Benford distribution. We have also suggested
a conceptual model to implement such a neutrosophic fraud detection system.
Category: Economics and Finance
[14] viXra:1003.0251 [pdf] submitted on 8 Mar 2010
Authors: V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 11 pages
We propose the poly-emporium theory. A search done in
Google on May 3rd, 2008, for the term "poly-emporium"
returned no entry, so we introduce it for the first time.
Category: Economics and Finance
[13] viXra:1003.0237 [pdf] submitted on 8 Mar 2010
Authors: V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 6 pages
In the last few decades, the flexible exchange rate has become the predominating policy
implemented by most countries in the World, except only a few countries who can keep their
exchange rates fixed. The predominating position can be attributed mainly to Milton Friedman's
strong support. What is less known, nonetheless, is a hidden premise that the flexible exchange
rate policy will help fiscal policy in the sense that only governments who do not manage the
fiscal policy properly will get 'punished' by exchange rate decreases. But as the US-Japan
experience showed [1], this widely-held assumption is often not realistic. The same experience
has been observed in other countries too, i.e. that financial liberalization including flexible
exchange rate often became precursor of financial instability [2].
While in the past year, in Indonesia for particular, the exchange rate remains stable, it does not
mean that it would be free from troubles in the future. Therefore it is worthwhile to explore some
other choices for better exchange rate policy.
In the present paper will discuss, albeit in somewhat 'crude' manner, some long-term approaches
which have been discussed in the literature, and also not-so conventional approaches which may
be suitable for short term purposes.
The basic proposition in the present paper is that we argue in favor of returning to fixed (or
pegging) exchange rate, but of course it is not realistic to promote this policy for the short-term
future. Therefore we explore some unconventional alternatives for short-term. It is our hope that
the proposition would be useful to explore further by the economics policy makers.
Category: Economics and Finance
[12] viXra:1003.0201 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Fu Yuhua, Florentin Smarandache, V. Christianto
Comments: 96 pages
Nowadays, plenty of factories from Europe and other developed countries have been relocated
to this country, considering its tremendous economic scale and rapid growth rate during the
past three decades.
But most of what happens inside the China nowadays is deeply hidden from the outside world
("the foreigners" as China people would call). This fact is partly because most reports on
China were written by the so-called fly-high experts who are busy completing their reports
despite a busy schedule. Very few books or reports were written by people inside, or at least
"foreigners" who spent a few years in China. Therefore in this book, we took a different approach,
by inviting local scientists and other writers to describe what happens surround them.
Category: Economics and Finance
[11] viXra:1003.0200 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 63 pages
After more than a decade Michael Porter's book Competitive
Advantage of Nations stays ahead of the other books, in
particular as alternative framework from the comparative
advantage idea inspired by Adam Smith.
This small book is merely an alternative proposition, a
postscript perhaps, to Porter's book, with basic idea that one
cannot rely merely on industrial processes alone to keep
stay ahead of market changes. Hence, for cities in
developing countries the municipal shall find out their city's
best resources, and develop their city starting from there,
instead of striving blindly in the conventional industrial path.
Category: Economics and Finance
[10] viXra:1003.0184 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, V. Christianto
Comments: 11 pages
Despite the economics jargon on 'rational choice', nowadays the entire world has nothing else to choose except to
succumb under the spell of magic words of modern economics, i.e. 'neoliberalism', 'financial liberalization', 'free
market' (laissez-faire), and 'globalization'. All of these can be shown to be part of a preconception, i.e. far beyond
the 'neutral' idea of natural sciences.
In Fritjof Capra's book 'Turning Point' (Bantam Books, 1982) these phenomena are summarized as follows:
economics thinking have started by assuming that in economics sciences one can achieve the same generality and
universality that physicists enjoy in doing Natural Sciences. In other words, economists try to become through their
work 'hard science' rather than recognizing that in economics the subject of their study is human/people which is
far from being predictable, either as individual or as society.
In our humble opinion, economics is a mixture of both, hard and soft sciences. In order to show this, we introduce
a new study, called Poly-Emporium Theory, where we show that phenomena from hard science and soft science
co-exist and interact in economics. Poly-Emporium Theory is the study of interactions among many (big and small)
firms in the market, and it is different from oligopoly since poly-emporium takes into consideration the small firms
too (not only the big firms that dominate the market as in oligopoly).
The above logic of thinking is the starting point to submit a new idea, under the heading of 'Cultural Advantage.'
The first book in the series has title: Cultural Advantage for Cities: An alternative for Developing Countries. This
presentation summarizes its basic ideas, with a hope that these ideas may be found interesting to develop further.
For clarity the readers are referred to the book.
Category: Economics and Finance
[9] viXra:1003.0133 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: M. Khoshnevisan, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya
Comments: 18 pages
In this paper we have devised an alternative methodological approach for
quantifying utility in terms of expected information content of the decisionmaker's
choice set. We have proposed an extension to the concept of utility by
incorporating extrinsic utility; which we have defined as the utility derived from
the element of choice afforded to the decision-maker by the availability of an
object within his or her object set. We have subsequently applied this extended
utility concept to the case of investor utility derived from a structured, financial
product - an custom-made investment portfolio incorporating an endogenous
capital-guarantee through inclusion of cash as a risk-free asset, based on the
Black-Scholes derivative-pricing formulation. We have also provided instances
of potential application of information and coding theory in the realms of financial
decision-making with such structured portfolios, in terms of transmission of
product information.
Category: Economics and Finance
[8] viXra:1003.0131 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: M. Khoshnevisan, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya
Comments: 24 pages
In this paper we take a look at a simple portfolio insurance strategy using a protective put
and computationally derive the investor's governing utility structures underlying such a
strategy under alternative market scenarios. Investor utility is deemed to increase with an
increase in the excess equity generated by the portfolio insurance strategy over a simple
investment strategy without any insurance. Three alternative market scenarios
(probability spaces) have been explored - "Down", "Neutral" and "Up", categorized
according to whether the price of the underlying security is most likely to go down, stay
unchanged or go up. The methodology used is computational, primarily based on
simulation and numerical extrapolation. The Arrow-Pratt measure of risk aversion has
been used to determine how the investors react towards risk under the different scenarios.
Category: Economics and Finance
[7] viXra:1003.0129 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Jack Allen, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 21 pages
Each individual investor is different, with different financial goals, different levels of
risk tolerance and different personal preferences. From the point of view of investment
management, these characteristics are often defined as objectives and constraints.
Objectives can be the type of return being sought, while constraints include factors such
as time horizon, how liquid the investor is, any personal tax situation and how risk is
handled. It's really a balancing act between risk and return with each investor having
unique requirements, as well as a unique financial outlook - essentially a constrained
utility maximization objective. To analyze how well a customer fits into a particular
investor class, one investment house has even designed a structured questionnaire with
about two-dozen questions that each has to be answered with values from 1 to 5. The
questions range from personal background (age, marital state, number of children, job
type, education type, etc.) to what the customer expects from an investment (capital
protection, tax shelter, liquid assets, etc.). A fuzzy logic system has been designed for the
evaluation of the answers to the above questions. We have investigated the notion of
fuzziness with respect to funds allocation.
Category: Economics and Finance
[6] viXra:1001.0037 [pdf] submitted on 26 Jan 2010
Authors: Dainis Zeps
Comments: 5 pages, Article deposited in http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14453/
We suggest new approach to what should be considered money. We argue that not money
itself should be measurable quantity but change of it, thus, entering gauge freedom action in
economics in analogy with what we perceive what concerns nature how it is described by
theoretical physics.
Category: Economics and Finance
[5] viXra:1001.0036 [pdf] submitted on 26 Jan 2010
Authors: Dainis Zeps
Comments: 8 pages. Article deposited in http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14416/
Today economy is run without knowing the rules, or what is run whatsoever. Perhaps
commonwealth should be allowed to function under its own laws that could be discovered
similarly to those, say, in physics or biology. Moreover, perhaps the quantity value of what
money measures could be discovered as well. Greed in whatever appearance, direct or
hidden, should be detected as maleficence and excluded completely from scientifically
guided economy.
Category: Economics and Finance
[4] viXra:0912.0046 [pdf] submitted on 19 Dec 2009
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 61 pages.
Several recent essays are presented on the difficulties scientific
research and science researchers have by now been facing for a number
of decades due to what goes by the name of "science management".
Category: Economics and Finance
[3] viXra:0912.0042 [pdf] submitted on 19 Dec 2009
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 13 pages.
Two vastly different historical stages in wealth creation are the traditional
one based on agriculture during past millennia, and the one
based on science research in our present globalizing knowledge society.
The differences happen to be so considerable, and the emergence
of the second stage relatively so recent, that the awareness of the full
range of consequences regarding the proper pursuit of science research,
which is the root of wealth in our knowledge society, is missing to an
extent that may, even in the medium term, seriously endanger the
sustainability of modern human society.
Category: Economics and Finance
[2] viXra:0912.0035 [pdf] submitted on 16 Dec 2009
Authors: V. Christianto
Comments: 8 Pages.
We love you all nations, but time is very limited. Be hurry, be hurry to repent and receive Me, Jesus Christ. Me will come again very very soon, and you should know that it is good not for your health to do not repent and do not receive Me, Jesus Christ. This paper describes a simple experiment in order to redefine utility term from the viewpoint of experimenter. We discuss how individual achievement can be broken down into a number of factors. We consider a number of factors which can be verified experimentally, and that's why this paper is original and new in nature. A discussion of implications of these factors for economics study is given.
Category: Economics and Finance
[1] viXra:0810.0004 [pdf] submitted on 11 Oct 2008
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, V. Christianto
Comments: recovered from sciprint.org
Despite the economics jargon on 'rational choice', nowadays the entire world has nothing else to choose except to
succumb under the spell of magic words of modern economics, i.e. 'neoliberalism', 'financial liberalization', 'free
market' (laissez-faire), and 'globalization'. All of these can be shown to be part of a preconception, i.e. far beyond
the 'neutral' idea of natural sciences.
In Fritjof Capra's book 'Turning Point' (Bantam Books, 1982) these phenomena are summarized as follows:
economics thinking have started by assuming that in economics sciences one can achieve the same generality and
universality that physicists enjoy in doing Natural Sciences. In other words, economists try to become through their
work 'hard science' rather than recognizing that in economics the subject of their study is human/people which is
far from being predictable, either as individual or as society.
In our humble opinion, economics is a mixture of both, hard and soft sciences. In order to show this, we introduce
a new study, called Poly-Emporium Theory, where we show that phenomena from hard science and soft science
co-exist and interact in economics. Poly-Emporium Theory is the study of interactions among many (big and
small) firms in the market, and it is different from oligopoly since poly-emporium takes into
consideration the small firms too (not only the big firms that dominate the market as in oligopoly).
The above logic of thinking is the starting point to submit a new idea, under the heading of 'Cultural Advantage.'
The first book in the series has title: Cultural Advantage for Cities: An alternative for Developing Countries.
Category: Economics and Finance
[9] viXra:1302.0140 [pdf] replaced on 2013-03-21 22:06:06
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
Comments: 97 Pages.
This book consists of 6 papers focusing on social and economic issues. The topics covered include graph distance and optimal communication, migration
in Jaipur, urbanization, clan capitalism, world population growth rate, and scientific inquiry. These papers were written in the period between 2009-2010. This book is suitable for economists and also physicists who want to know more about economics issues. Hopefully the readers will find some new insights in this collection of papers.
Category: Economics and Finance
[8] viXra:1302.0140 [pdf] replaced on 2013-03-18 23:05:21
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
Comments: 17 Pages. This book is not yet published.
This book consists of six social and economics papers. It discusses a wide range of topics including graph distance, urbanization and capitalism. This book is suitable for economists and also physicists who want to know more about economics issues.
Category: Economics and Finance
[7] viXra:1302.0140 [pdf] replaced on 2013-03-10 22:15:23
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
Comments: 96 Pages. This book is not yet published.
This book consists of six social and economics papers. It discusses a wide range of topics including graph distance, urbanization and capitalism. This book is suitable for economists and also physicists who want to know more about economics issues.
Category: Economics and Finance
[6] viXra:1301.0094 [pdf] replaced on 2013-01-16 09:57:01
Authors: Sierra Rayne, Kaya Forest
Comments: 5 Pages.
In 2008, the Canadian province of British Columbia introduced a carbon tax starting at CAD$10 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) and rising by CAD$5/tonne CO2e/year to a 2012-2013 value of CAD$30/tonne CO2e. In the current work, we find no clear evidence over the short post-tax period of record that unequivocally links British Columbia's carbon tax to significant reductions in provincial greenhouse gas emissions. There are indications the implementation of this tax may have negatively impacted British Columbia's economic performance relative to the rest of Canada. A longer post-tax period of record is likely necessary in order to reliably determine what, if any, economic and environmental effects have been generated from British Columbia's carbon tax.
Category: Economics and Finance
[5] viXra:1110.0064 [pdf] replaced on 25 Oct 2011
Authors: Rodolfo Henrique Cerbaro
Comments: 6 pages
Considere riqueza circulando em uma dada localidade geográfica, já que há circulação
de bens e serviços. O que pode causar que a circulação deles diminua, estagne ou
enfrente crescimento lento nesta localidade? Somente a riqueza não circular na região,
isto é, não haver demanda. Então, o que faz com que economia de oferta seja pensada
como uma opção viável para muitos e qual seu papel no crescimento de uma economia?
Aqui nós discutimos crescimento e contrastamos a lógica da economia de demanda com
a escola de pensamento da economia de oferta, através de uma perspectiva baseada na
ignição econômica, prosseguindo do nosso trabalho prévio no assunto. Com isto,
pretendemos mostrar que tanto economia de oferta quanto de demanda tem um dado,
mas específico e não relacionado, papel no crescimento econômico e que o único fator
que influencia o crescimento é se a riqueza está circulando na dada localidade
geográfica. O presente trabalho se foca na discussão do pós-ignição de uma economia
humana.
Category: Economics and Finance
[4] viXra:1008.0002 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-03 00:33:55
Authors: Victor Christianto
Comments: 26 Pages. This paper has not been submitted to any journal, but it has been included in a book with title: Clan Capitalism, Graph Distance, and Other Issues (2013).
In the present article a number of critical economics situations are discussed based on clan
capitalism as a starting point. One can see clearly then, that instead of assuming 'ordinary
economy’ and that clan/crony capitalism is an exception in particular nation because of
certain socio-historical context, one should begin with the opposite assumption instead:
that clan capitalism can be found almost everywhere in this planet. One can say that clan
capitalism is a norm/rule rather than an exception, because clan capitalism is part of liberal capitalism itself. Apparently, more studies on the extent and role of clan capitalism in a nation's economy and also their role in globalized economy can be expected in the coming years.
Category: Economics and Finance
[3] viXra:1008.0002 [pdf] replaced on 9 Aug 2010
Authors: V. Christianto
Comments: 24 Pages.
In the present article a number of critical economics situations are discussed based on clan
capitalism as starting point. One can see clearly then, that instead of assuming 'ordinary
economy' and clan/crony capitalism is an exception in particular nation because of certain
socio-historical context, one should begin with the opposite assumption instead: that can
capitalism can be found almost everywhere in this planet.
Category: Economics and Finance
[2] viXra:1004.0017 [pdf] replaced on 19 Apr 2010
Authors: Sukanto Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Kumar, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 9 pages.
This study actually draws from and builds on an earlier paper (Kumar and
Bhattacharya, 2002). Here we have basically added a neutrosophic dimension to
the problem of determining the conditional probability that a financial fraud has
been actually committed, given that no Type I error occurred while rejecting the
null hypothesis H0: The observed first-digit frequencies approximate a Benford
distribution; and accepting the alternative hypothesis H1: The observed first-digit
frequencies do not approximate a Benford distribution. We have also suggested
a conceptual model to implement such a neutrosophic fraud detection system.
Category: Economics and Finance
[1] viXra:0912.0042 [pdf] replaced on 20 Dec 2009
Authors: Elemér E Rosinger
Comments: 13 pages.
Two vastly different historical stages in wealth creation are the traditional
one based on agriculture during past millennia, and the one
based on science research in our present globalizing knowledge society.
The differences happen to be so considerable, and the emergence
of the second stage relatively so recent, that the awareness of the full
range of consequences regarding the proper pursuit of science research,
which is the root of wealth in our knowledge society, is missing to an
extent that may, even in the medium term, seriously endanger the
sustainability of modern human society.
Category: Economics and Finance