[4] viXra:1008.0085 [pdf] submitted on 29 August 2010
Authors: Karunakar Marasakatla
Comments: 7 pages
Ancient descriptions of beginning of the Earth and the global deluge are relevant to
the Earth history. Beginning of the Earth or beginning of the time appears to be the
beginning of the Supercontinent cycle on the surface of the Earth around 2800 million
years ago. Since then, six Supercontinent cycles were completed on the surface of the
Earth and the present is the seventh cycle. Global deluge appears to be the
description of the rise in sea level occurred with the breakup of each Supercontinent.
Therefore global deluge occurs in the beginning of every Supercontinent cycle.
Descriptions of the Manvantara cycles, seven Earths and seven Karshvars are similar
to the Supercontinent cycles.
Category: Geophysics
[3] viXra:1008.0084 [pdf] submitted on 29 August 2010
Authors: Karunakar Marasakatla
Comments: 12 pages
Cause of the Earth's surface manifestations appears to be external to the Earth.
Gravitational attraction of the galactic center causes the tides to form in the
mantle of the Earth when the solar system reaches the nearest position to the
galactic center. Pair of troughs takes shape in the mantle adjacent to the tides
as the low and high tides in the ocean. Upwelling tides or megablobs breaks the
continental crust and disperses the plates towards the troughs on the surface.
In the subsequent cycle, when the solar system again reaches the nearest position
to the galactic center, megablobs interchange with the troughs and reassemble
the continental crust. In other words, two galactic cycles of the solar system
makes one Supercontinent cycle on the surface of the Earth. It appears that the
Supercontinent cycle started on the Earth around 2800 million years ago.
Nucleation of the inner core was initiated in this period with the beginning of
the Plate tectonics. Supercontinent cycle continues as long as the solar system
revolves around the galactic center in the presence of liquid outer core in the
interior and water on the surface of the Earth.
Category: Geophysics
[2] viXra:1008.0083 [pdf] submitted on 29 August 2010
Authors: Karunakar Marasakatla
Comments: 16 pages
Life on Earth reels under the Supercontinent cycles. Every Supercontinent forms
with the collision and merger of all the plates causing a "tectonic pause".
Reduced seafloor spreading and albedo advances the ice sheets towards the equator.
Massive ice sheets cover the ocean and whole or part of the Supercontinent causing
a global ice age or snowball Earth event. Base of the continents further sinks
into the mantle with the increased weight of the ice sheets. Increased pressure
within the mantle forms as a superplume under the Supercontinent and eventually
breaks the Supercontinental crust giving the new plates. Superplume with the
increased seafloor spreading and the albedo causes a severe global warming and
rapidly melts the ice sheets, exiting the global ice age. Rapid melting of the
ice sheets floods the lowered continental regions. Isostacy gradually uplifts
the submerged continental crust above the sea level. Each break in the crust
causes a global warming and merger of plates causes an ice age. Mass extinctions
occur in the ice age and global warming periods. Evolution takes place in the
post global warming period. Ice ages and global warming forms the distinct
boundaries in the sedimentary layers.
Category: Geophysics
[1] viXra:1008.0071 [pdf] submitted on 25 Aug 2010
Authors: Jacob Biemond
Comments: 11 Pages, including 2 figures and 2 tables
In this paper three separate charges are distinguished for the Earth and its magnetosphere. First,
it is assumed, that the Earth and its nearest atmosphere bear a net negative charge
QE. Secondly, a positive charge Qi and a negative charge
Qo are proposed for the inner and outer Van Allen belt, respectively. Thirdly,
a belt with net zero charge (electron slot) will be assumed to be present between both charged
belts. According to the three tori model, recently developed for pulsars and black holes,
equilibrium may exist between the charges QE, Qi and
Qo. Three expressions for the Coulomb electric field at different distances
from Earth's centre are derived from the same model. Using available data, values for the three
charges are deduced for the solar minimum and maximum, respectively. An averaged charge
QE of about −1 C is extracted for the Earth. Some other features of
the model are discussed, among them the flow of charge during the change from solar minimum
to maximum. Furthermore, it is shown that the magnitude of Earth's magnetic field cannot be
explained by the motion of the charges QE, Qi and
Qo. In order to obtain a better explanation, the so-called Wilson-Blackett
law is discussed. In addition, a large toroidal electric current in the Earth is proposed
Category: Geophysics