# General Mathematics

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## Recent submissions

Any replacements are listed further down

[2142] viXra:1704.0354 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-26 11:52:19

### Formalization of Multivariate Lagrange Interpolation

Authors: Le Fay Yvann

We generalize a simple formula for constructing the multinomial function f which interpolates a set of (d+1) points in IR^N. We also provide an example of application of this method.
Category: General Mathematics

[2141] viXra:1704.0329 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-25 03:19:00

### An Isolated Interval Valued Neutrosophic Graph

Authors: Said Broumi, Assia Bakali, Mohamed Talea, Florentin Smarandache

The interval valued neutrosophic graphs are generalizations of the fuzzy graphs, interval fuzzy graphs, interval valued intuitionstic fuzzy graphs, and single valued neutrosophic graphs. Previously, several results have been proved on the isolated graphs and the complete graphs. In this paper, a necessary and sufficient condition for an interval valued neutrosophic graph to be an isolated interval valued neutrosophic graph is proved.
Category: General Mathematics

[2140] viXra:1704.0327 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-25 03:22:04

### Applications of Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Logic in Solving Multi-criteria Decision Making Problems

Authors: Abdel Nasser H. Zaied, Hagar M. Naguib

In daily life, decision makers around the world are seeking for the appropriate decisions while facing many challenges due to conflicting criteria and the presence of many alternatives.
Category: General Mathematics

[2139] viXra:1704.0325 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-25 03:25:49

### The 3n + p Conjecture: A Generalization of Collatz Conjecture

Authors: W.b. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache

The Collatz conjecture is an open conjecture in mathematics named so after Lothar Collatz who proposed it in 1937. It is also known as 3n 1 conjecture, the Ulam conjecture (after Stanislaw Ulam), Kakutanis problem (after Shizuo Kakutani) and so on. Several various generalization of the Collatz conjecture has been carried.
Category: General Mathematics

[2138] viXra:1704.0323 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-25 03:52:27

### Fuzzy Logic vs. Neutrosophic Logic: Operations Logic

Authors: Salah Bouzina

The goal of this research is first to show how different, thorough, widespread and effective are the operations logic of the neutrosophic logic compared to the fuzzy logic’s operations logical. The second aim is to observe how a fully new logic, the neutrosophic logic, is established starting by changing the previous logical perspective fuzzy logic, and by changing that, we mean changing the truth values from the truth and falsity degrees membership in fuzzy logic, to the truth, falsity and indeterminacy degrees membership in neutrosophic logic; and thirdly, to observe that there is no limit to the logical discoveries.
Category: General Mathematics

[2137] viXra:1704.0322 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-25 03:53:42

### An Application on Standard Neutrosophic Information Systems

Authors: Nguyen Xuan Thao, Bui Cong Cuong, Florentin Smarandache

A rough fuzzy set is the result of approximation of a fuzzy set with respect to a crisp approximation space. It is a mathematical tool for the knowledge discovery in the fuzzy information systems. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of rough standard neutrosophic sets, standard neutrosophic information system and give some results of the knowledge discovery on standard neutrosophic information system based on rough standard neutrosophic sets.
Category: General Mathematics

[2136] viXra:1704.0321 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-25 03:55:07

### Some Aggregation Operators For Bipolar-Valued Hesitant Fuzzy Information

Authors: Tahir Mahmood, Florentin Smarandache, Kifayat Ullah, Qaisar Khan

In this article we define some aggregation operators for bipolar-valued hesitant fuzzy sets. These operations include bipolar-valued hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted averaging (BPVHFOWA) operator, bipolar-valued hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted geometric (BPVHFOWG) operator and their generalized forms. We also define hybrid aggregation operators and their generalized forms and solved a decision-making problem on these operation.
Category: General Mathematics

[2135] viXra:1704.0299 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-22 16:51:50

### Multi Criteria Decision Making Based on Projection and Bidirectional Projection Measures of Rough Neutrosophic Sets

Authors: Surapati Pramanik, Rumi Roy, Tapan Kumar Roy

In this paper, we define projection and bidirectional projection measures between rough neutrosophic sets. Then two new multi criteria decision making methods are proposed based on neutrosophic projection and bidirectional projection measures respectively. Then the proposed methods are applied for solving multiple criteria group decision making problems. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Category: General Mathematics

[2134] viXra:1704.0292 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-23 05:21:47

### One Step Forecasting Model

In this research investigation, the author has detailed two models of One Step Forecasting
Category: General Mathematics

[2133] viXra:1704.0257 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-20 08:14:31

### The Real Root of the Equation: X^5+x^4+x-1=0

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

this note presents some representations for the real root of the equation: x^5+x^4+x-1=0.
Category: General Mathematics

[2132] viXra:1704.0241 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-19 11:32:41

### Trigonometric Interpolation Based on Summation of Fourier Series F_{i}^{\delta} with Data-Related Delta-Function Property F_{i}^{\delta}\left(x_{j}\right)=y_{j}\delta_{ij} (Analogy to Lagrange Form of Interpolation Polynomial)

Authors: Andrej Liptaj

Full analogy to the Lagrange form of the interpolation polynomial is constructed for Fourier series. As a straightforward consequence one gets the ability to extend an existing trigonometric interpolation to additional data point(s).
Category: General Mathematics

[2131] viXra:1704.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-15 19:16:00

### ϖ

Authors: Soerivhe Iriene

Finite.
Category: General Mathematics

[2130] viXra:1704.0197 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-15 10:09:35

### Introduction to Complementary Analysis

Authors: François Mendzina Essomba, Gael Dieudonné Essomba Essomba
Comments: 48 Pages. analyse, differentielle, complémentaire, analyse complémentaire

We introduce a new notion in the analysis, the notion of complementarity, which completes the work of Newton-Leibniz by defining all the elements.
Category: General Mathematics

[2129] viXra:1704.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-14 19:06:31

### Universal Optimization and Its Application

Authors: Alexander Bolonkin

The book consists of three parts. The first part describes new method of optimization that has the advantages at greater generality and flexibility as well as the ability to solve complex problems which other methods cannot solve. This method, called the “Method of Deformation of Functional (Extreme)”, solves for a total minimum and finds a solution set near the optimum. Solutions found by this method can be exact or approximate. Most other methods solve only for a unique local minimum. The ability to create a set of solutions rather than a unique solution has important practical ramifications in many designs, economic and scientific problems because a unique solution usually is difficult to realize in practice. This method has the additional virtue of a simple proof, one that is useful for studying other methods of optimization, since most other methods can be delivered from the Method of Deformation. The mathematical methods used in the book allow calculating special slipping and breaking optimal curves, which are often encountered in problems of optimal control. The author also describes the solution of boundary problems in optimization theory. The mathematical theory is illustrated by several examples. The book is replete with exercises and can be used as a text-book for graduate courses. In fact the author has lectured on this theory using this book for graduate and post-graduate students in Moscow Technical University. The second part of the book is devoted to applications of this method to technical problems in aviation, space, aeronautics, control, automation, structural design, economic, games, theory of counter strategy and etc. Some of the aviation, aeronautic, and control problems are examined: minimization of energy, exact control, fuel consumption, heating of re-entry space ship in the atmosphere of planets, the problems of a range of aircraft, rockets, dirigibles, and etc. Some of the economic problems are considered, for example, the problems of a highest productivity, the problem of integer programming and the problem of linear programming. Many economic problems may be solved by the application of the Method to the Problems of non-cooperative games. The third part of the book contains solutions of complex problems: optimal thrust angle for different flight regimes, optimal trajectories of aircraft, aerospace vehicles, and space ships, design of optimal regulator, linear problems of optimal control. This book is intended for designers, engineers, researchers, as well as specialists working on problems of optimal control, planning, or the choosing of optimal strategy. For engineers the book provides methods of computation of the optimal construction and control mechanisms, and optimal flight trajectories. In addition, the book will be useful to students of mathematics, general engineering, and economic. English translation is not full. Full text is in Russian referances.
Category: General Mathematics

[2128] viXra:1704.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-13 04:13:42

### Mathematics, the Continuous or the Discrete Which is Better to Reality of Things

Authors: Linfan Mao

There are 2 contradictory views on our world, i.e., continuous or discrete, which results in that only partially reality of a thing T can be understood by one of continuous or discrete mathematics because of the universality of contradiction and the connection of things in the nature, just as the philosophical meaning in the story of the blind men with an elephant. Holding on the reality of natural things motivates the combination of continuous mathematics with that of discrete, i.e., an envelope theory called mathematical combinatorics which extends classical mathematics over topological graphs because a thing is nothing else but a multiverse over a spacial structure of graphs with conservation laws hold on its vertices. Such a mathematical object is said to be an action flow. The main purpose of this report is to introduce the powerful role of action flows, or mathematics over graphs with applications to physics, biology and other sciences, such as those of G-solution of non-solvable algebraic or differential equations, Banach or Hilbert G-flow spaces with multiverse, multiverse on equations, and with applications to, for examples, the understanding of particles, spacetime and biology. All of these make it clear that holding on the reality of things by classical mathematics is only on the coherent behaviors of things for its homogenous without contradictions, but the mathematics over graphs G is applicable for contradictory systems because contradiction is universal only in eyes of human beings but not the nature of a thing itself.
Category: General Mathematics

[2127] viXra:1704.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-12 07:47:23

### Progressive Fourier (Or Trigonometric) Interpolation

Authors: Andrej Liptaj

Method of progressive trigonometric interpolation is presented.
Category: General Mathematics

[2126] viXra:1704.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-11 03:37:54

### Mathematical Beauty with Prime Numbers: Elegant Sieve-Based Primality Test Formula Constructed with Periodic Functions

Authors: Andrej Liptaj

Formulas which relate basic mathematical constants, operations and prime numbers are presented. Some related ideas are explored.
Category: General Mathematics

[2125] viXra:1704.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-10 07:38:09

### Unsuccessful Attempt to Speed-up Numerical Integration of Functions with Peaks and Some Related Topics

Authors: Andrej Liptaj
Comments: 3 Pages. Publication of a negative result.

An (unsuccessful) attempt to use “damping” functions for sharp peak integration is made. Some related comments about Monte Carlo “area” integration and speeding a uniform random number generator are made.
Category: General Mathematics

[2124] viXra:1704.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-09 19:42:00

### University Mathematics for Intelligent Teenagers.

Authors: Johan Noldus

Many topics are touched upon at a fair level of sophistication.
Category: General Mathematics

[2123] viXra:1704.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-06 04:00:32

### Cosine Interpolation, Sine Interpolation, Interpolation of Arbitrary Series with Multiplicative Coefficients

Authors: Andrej Liptaj

This text summarizes methods for (pure) cosine and sine interpolations and reminds the reader of the matrix-inversion method valid for any interpolation using series with multiplicative coefficients.
Category: General Mathematics

[2122] viXra:1704.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2017-04-05 03:42:02

### Short Notice on (Exact) Trigonometric Interpolation.

Authors: Andrej Liptaj

Abstract Method of trigonometric interpolation is presented in details and summarized. New ideas related to the high-frequency cutoff in the case of an even number of data points are presented.
Category: General Mathematics

[2121] viXra:1703.0279 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-29 12:53:24

### Question 2345 : Integral , Fractals , Pi

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

An Integral for pi
Category: General Mathematics

[2120] viXra:1703.0255 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-27 10:44:14

### The Answer to Riemann is Giant.

Authors: Nicholas R. Wright

We prove the Riemann Hypothesis, by means of the Extended Riemann Hypothesis, the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, and the Grand Riemann Hypothesis. Quasicrystals are the answer to the Riemann Hypothesis. A solution could be found using Russell’s Paradox. Measurement is possible through nominative determinism. Deuring–Heilbronn repulsion phenomenon was useful in regression analysis. An index method of forecasting was overlooked for centuries. In summary, the Grand Riemann Hypothesis should be seen as the standard. Grand Riemann Hypothesis improves on the basics of more simplified Riemann Hypotheses.
Category: General Mathematics

[2119] viXra:1703.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-20 13:17:51

### The Polynomial P(x)=x^8+x^7-7x^6-6x^5+15x^4+10x^3-10x^2-4x+1

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

In this note give some formulas related with the polynomial:p(g)=g^8+g^7-7g^6-6g^5+15g^4+10g^3-10g^2-4g+1
Category: General Mathematics

[2118] viXra:1703.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-16 08:59:13

### Logarithmic Extension of Real Numbers and Hyperbolic Representation of Generalized Lorentz Transforms

Authors: Grushka Ya.I.
Comments: 6 Pages. Mathematics Subject Classification: 12D99; 83A05

We construct the logarithmic extension for real numbers in which the numbers, less then $-\infty$ exist. Using this logarithmic extension we give the single formula for hyperbolic representation of generalized tachyon Lorentz transforms.
Category: General Mathematics

[2117] viXra:1703.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-15 23:21:37

Authors: Clive Jones

Colourizing the Complex-Plane
Category: General Mathematics

[2116] viXra:1703.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-13 12:58:37

### Integrals

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

this note presents a collection of integrals involving pi.
Category: General Mathematics

[2115] viXra:1703.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-13 13:32:26

### The Numbers: K1,k2,pi

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

This note presents the numbers k1 and k2.
Category: General Mathematics

[2114] viXra:1703.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-09 12:25:43

### On Fermat's Last Theorem

Authors: R. Wayte

A solution of Fermat’s Last Theorem is given, using elementary function arithmetic and inference from worked examples.
Category: General Mathematics

[2113] viXra:1703.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-07 22:59:43

### On the Link Between Finite Differences and Derivatives of Polynomials (Vixra)

Authors: Kolosov Petro
Comments: 12 Pages. Final revised paper, text overlap with previous versions

The main aim of this paper to establish the relations between for- ward, backward and central finite(divided) differences (that is discrete analog of the derivative) and partial & ordinary high-order derivatives of the polyno- mials.
Category: General Mathematics

[2112] viXra:1703.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-07 02:13:29

### A Type D Breakdown of the Navier Stokes Equation in D=3 Spatial Dimensions

Authors: Han Geurdes

In this paper a type D breakdown of the Navier Stokes equation in d=3 dimensions is demonstrated.
Category: General Mathematics

[2111] viXra:1703.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-06 12:20:58

### Fractal,Polynomial,pi

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

This note presents formulas and fractals related with the polynomial:p(x)=x^8+4x^7-10x^6-16x^5+19x^4+16x^3-10x^2-4x+1.
Category: General Mathematics

[2110] viXra:1703.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2017-03-02 12:03:30

### Ramanujan's Issues N°1: the Radical R = (5^(1/4)-1)/(5^(1/4)+1)

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

In this note we presents some formulas related with the radical:r=(5^(1/4)-1)/(5^(1/4)+1).
Category: General Mathematics

[2109] viXra:1702.0330 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-27 12:42:03

### Newton-Julia Set for Some Polynomials Related with Number pi

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

Newton-Julia fractals and pi formulas
Category: General Mathematics

[2108] viXra:1702.0324 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-26 23:40:12

### Why Finite Mathematics Is The Most Fundamental and Ultimate Quantum Theory Will Be Based on Finite Mathematics

Authors: Felix M. Lev
Comments: 10 Pages. Published in Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters

Classical mathematics (involving such notions as infinitely small/large and continuity) is usually treated as fundamental while finite mathematics is treated as inferior which is used only in special applications. We first argue that the situation is the opposite: classical mathematics is only a degenerate special case of finite one and finite mathematics is more pertinent for describing nature than standard one. Then we describe results of a quantum theory based on finite mathematics. Implications for foundation of mathematics are discussed.
Category: General Mathematics

[2107] viXra:1702.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-19 05:54:26

### Energy and Laplacian Energy of a Single Value Neutrosophic Graph

Authors: Sumera Naz, Hossein Rashmanlou, M. Aslam Malik

Single valued neutrosophic model as an instance of a neutrosophic model provide an additional possibility to represent imprecise, uncertainty, inconsistent and incomplete information which exist in real situations. In this paper, the concept of energy of a graph is introduced in the context of a single valued neutrosophic environment, where for each element the truth-membership, indeterminacy-membership and falsity-membership degree, in [0, 1], are independently assigned. Firstly, the novel concepts of energy of a single valued neutrosophic graph (SVNG) are proposed and their properties are investigated, then Laplacian energy of a SVNG is introduced. Between the properties of energy and Laplacian energy of a SVNG, there is a great deal of analogy, but also some significant differences.
Category: General Mathematics

[2106] viXra:1702.0238 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-18 14:00:18

### Certain Types of Graphs in Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Setting

Authors: S. Naz, M. A. Malik, H. Rashmanlou

Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set (IVIFS) as a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) increase its elasticity drastically. In this paper, some important types of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy graphs (IVIFGs) such as regular, irregular, neighbourly irregular, highly irregular and strongly irregular IVIFGs are discussed. The relation among neighbourly irregular, highly irregular and strongly irregular IVIFGs is proved. The notion of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy clique (IVIFC) is introduced. A complete characterization of the structure of the IVIFC is presented.
Category: General Mathematics

[2105] viXra:1702.0237 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-18 14:33:00

### Measurement of Planarity in Product Bipolar Fuzzy Graphs

Authors: S. Naz, S. Ashraf, H. Rashmanlou

Bipolar fuzzy set theory provides a basis for bipolar cognitive modeling and multiagent decision analysis, where in some situations, the product operator may be preferred to the min operator, from theoretical and experimental aspects. In this paper, the definition of product bipolar fuzzy graphs (PBFGs) is modified. The concepts of product bipolar fuzzy multigraphs (PBFMGs), product bipolar fuzzy planar graphs (PBFPGs) and product bipolar fuzzy dual graphs (PBFDGs) are introduced and investigated. Product bipolar fuzzy planarity value of PBFPG is introduced. The relation between PBFPG and PBFDG is also established. Isomorphism between PBFPGs is discussed. Finally, an application of the proposed concepts is provided.
Category: General Mathematics

[2104] viXra:1702.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-16 07:59:31

### Hybrid Vector Similarity Measure of Single Valued Refined Neutrosophic Sets to Multi-Attribute Decision Making Problems

Authors: Surapati Pramanik, Partha Pratim Dey, Bibhas C. Giri

This paper proposes hybrid vector similarity measures under single valued refined neutrosophic sets and proves some of its basic properties. The proposed similarity measure is then applied for solving multiple attribute decision making problems. Lastly, a numerical example of medical diagnosis is given on the basis of the proposed hybrid similarity measures and the results are compared with the results of other existing methods to validate the applicability, simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Category: General Mathematics

[2103] viXra:1702.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-15 07:33:20

### An Elliptic Integral

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

This note presents some formulas related with the elliptic integrals.
Category: General Mathematics

[2102] viXra:1702.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-14 19:38:12

### On the Squaring of the Circle

Authors: Clive Jones

An Exploration of Circle-Square Properties & Identities
Category: General Mathematics

[2101] viXra:1702.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-11 13:12:03

### Bipolar Neutrosophic Projection Based Models for Multi-attribute Decision Making Problems

Authors: Surapati Pramanik, Partha Pratim Dey, Bibhas C. Giri

Bipolar neutrosophic sets are the extension of neutrosophic sets and are based on the idea of positive and negative preferences of information. Projection measure is a useful apparatus for modeling real life decision making problems. In the paper, we have defined projection, bidirectional projection and hybrid projection measures between bipolar neutrosophic sets and the proposed measures are then applied to multi-attribute decision making problems. The ratings of performance values of the alternatives with respect to the attributes are expressed by bipolar neutrosophic values. We calculate projection, bidirectional projection, and hybrid projection measures between each alternative and ideal alternative with bipolar neutrosophic information and then all the alternatives are ranked to identify best option. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the developed method. Comparison analysis with other existing methods is also provided.
Category: General Mathematics

[2100] viXra:1702.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-06 11:01:59

### Infinite Tetration of Euler’s Number and the Z-Exponential

Authors: C. A. Laforet

It is shown that the infinite tetration of Euler’s number is equal to any complex number. It is also found that starting with any complex number except 0 and 1, we can convert the complex number into an exponential with a complex exponent. If this is done recursively for each successive exponent, we find that the complex exponent converges to a constant number, which is named the Z-Exponential (Z_e). Derivatives for the Z-Exponential function are derived as well as its relationship to the exponential and natural logarithm.
Category: General Mathematics

[2099] viXra:1702.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-03 11:54:49

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

In this note we briefly examine some elementary radical identities found in Ramanujan's work.
Category: General Mathematics

[2098] viXra:1701.0685 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-31 05:28:31

### Optional Model

very temptive model.
Category: General Mathematics

[2097] viXra:1701.0671 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-30 11:39:16

### On Certain Infinite Products

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

In this note we presents infinite products for some classical constants.
Category: General Mathematics

[2096] viXra:1701.0670 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-30 11:45:58

### A Collection of Double Integrals Involving pi , Bailey's Issue

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

In this note presents a collection of double integrals involving constant pi.
Category: General Mathematics

[2095] viXra:1701.0626 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-26 13:54:34

### Two Sequences

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito

In this note we presents some formulas related with the recurrences:(i)u(n+5)=u(n+3)+u(n+2)+u(n), u(0)=u(1)=u(2)=u(3)=0,u(4)=1; (ii)v(n+5)=v(n+4)+v(n+1)+v(n), v(0)=v(1)=v(2)=v(3)=0,v(4)=1
Category: General Mathematics

[2094] viXra:1701.0616 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-26 02:05:30

### Bipolar Neutrosophic Planar Graphs

Authors: Muhammad Akram, K. P. Shum

Fuzzy graph theory is used for solving real-world problems in different fields, including theoretical computer science, engineering, physics, combinatorics and medical sciences. In this paper, we present conepts of bipolar neutrosophic multigraphs, bipolar neutrosophic planar graphs, bipolar neutrosophic dual graphs, and study some of their related properties. We also describe applications of bipolar neutrosophic graphs in road network and electrical connections.
Category: General Mathematics

[2093] viXra:1701.0462 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 05:45:26

### Numbers in Base B that Generate Primes with Help the Luhn Function of Order ω

Authors: Octavian Cira, Florentin Smarandache

We put the problem to determine the sets of integers in base b ≥ 2 that generate primes with using a function.
Category: General Mathematics

[2092] viXra:1701.0457 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 05:51:19

### On Soft Mixed Neutrosophic N-Algebraic Structures

Authors: Florentin Smarandache

: Soft set theory is a general mathematical tool for dealing with uncertain, fuzzy, not clearly deﬁned objects. In this paper we introduced soft mixed neutrosophic N-algebraic with the discussion of some of their characteristics. We also introduced soft mixed dual neutrosophic N-algebraic structures, soft weak mixed neutrosophic N-algebraic structures, soft Lagrange mixed neutrosophic N-algebraic structures, soft weak Lagrange mixed neu trosophic and soft Lagrange free mixed neutosophic N-algebraic structures. the so called soft strong neutrosophic loop which is of pure neutrosophic character. We also introduced some of new notions and some basic properties of this newly born soft mixed neutrosophic N-structures related to neutrosophic theory.
Category: General Mathematics

[2091] viXra:1701.0452 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 05:55:50

### Relations on Neutrosophic Multi Sets with Properties

Authors: Said Broumi, Irfan Deli, Florentin Smarandache

In this paper, we ﬁrst give the cartesian product of two neutrosophic multi sets(NMS). Then, we deﬁne relations on neutrosophic multi sets to extend the intuitionistic fuzzy multi relations to neutrosophic multi relations. The relations allows to compose two neutrosophic sets. Also, various properties like reﬂexivity, symmetry and transitivity are studied.
Category: General Mathematics

[2090] viXra:1701.0449 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:00:01

### Robot System Identification using 3D Simulation Component Applied on VIPRO Platform

Authors: Luige Vlădăreanu, Florentin Smarandache, Mumtaz Ali, Victor Vlădăreanu, Mingcong Deng

The paper presents automated estimation techniques for robot parameters through system identification, for both PID control and future implementation of intelligent control laws, with the aim of designing the experimental model in a 3D virtual reality for testing and validating control laws in the joints of NAO humanoid robots.
Category: General Mathematics

[2089] viXra:1701.0448 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:02:38

### Rough Standard Neutrosophic Sets: an Application on Standard Neutrosophic Information Systems

Authors: Nguyen Xuan Thao, Bui Cong Cuong, Florentin Smarandache

A rough fuzzy set is the result of approximation of a fuzzy set with respect to a crisp approximation space. It is a mathematical tool for the knowledge discovery in the fuzzy information systems. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of rough standard neutrosophic sets, standard neutrosophic information system and give some results of the knowledge discovery on standard neutrosophic information system based on rough standard neutrosophic sets.
Category: General Mathematics

[2088] viXra:1701.0447 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:03:45

### Shortest Path Problem under Bipolar Neutrosphic Setting

Authors: Said Broumi, Mohamed Talea, Assia Bakali, Florentin Smarandache, Mumtaz Ali

This main purpose of this paper is to develop an algorithm to find the shortest path on a network in which the weights of the edges are represented by bipolar neutrosophic numbers. Finally, a numerical example has been provided for illustrating the proposed approach.
Category: General Mathematics

[2087] viXra:1701.0446 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:04:50

### Shortest Path Problem Under Triangular Fuzzy Neutrosophic Information

Authors: Said Broumi, Mohamed Talea, Assia Bakali, Florentin Smarandache, Luige VlĂdĂreanu

In this paper, we develop a new approach to deal with neutrosphic shortest path problem in a network in which each edge weight (or length) is represented as triangular fuzzy neutrosophic number. The proposed algorithm also gives the shortest path length from source node to destination node using ranking function. Finally, an illustrative example is also included to demonstrate our proposed approach.
Category: General Mathematics

[2086] viXra:1701.0445 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:05:51

### Shortest Path Problem Under Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Information

Authors: Said Broumi, Mohamed Talea, Assia Bakali, Florentin Smarandache

In this study, we propose an approach to determine the shortest path length between a pair of specified nodes s and t on a network whose edge weights are represented by trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Category: General Mathematics

[2085] viXra:1701.0444 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:06:52

### Simulation Environment for Mobile Robots Testing Using ROS and Gazebo

Authors: Kenta Takaya, Toshinori Asai, Valeri Kroumov, Florentin Smarandache

In the process of development a control strategy for mobile robots, simulation is important for testing the software components, robot behavior and control algorithms in different surrounding environments. In this paper we introduce a simulation environment for mobile robots based on ROS and Gazebo. We show that after properly creating the robot models under Gazebo, the code developed for the simulation process can be directly implemented in the real robot without modiﬁcations. In this paper autonomous navigation tasks and 3D-mapping simulation using control programs under ROS are presented. Both the simulation and experimental results agree very well and show the usability of the developed environment.
Category: General Mathematics

[2084] viXra:1701.0439 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:10:57

### Single Valued Neutrosophic Trapezoid Linguistic Aggregation Operators Based Multi-Attribute Decision Making

Authors: Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Multi-attribute decision making (MADM). Play an important role in many applications, due to the efficiency to handle indeterminate and inconsistent information, single valued neutrosophic sets is widely used to model indeterminate information.
Category: General Mathematics

[2083] viXra:1701.0438 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:11:57

### Sisteme Vibrante Trilobice

Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Mircea Eugen Şelariu

Trilobele sunt funcţii supermatematice circulare excentrice (FSM-CE) de excentricitate unghiulară.
Category: General Mathematics

[2082] viXra:1701.0435 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:15:54

### Some Mathematical Aspects on Walking Robots Stable Evolution

Authors: Marcel Migdalovici, Luige Vladareanu, Gabriela Vladeanu, Said broumi, Daniela Baran, Florentin Smarandache

A survey of some author’s concepts on the dynamic systems stability regions, in the general case of dynamic systems, that depend on parameters, is related in the paper. The property of separation of stable regions in the free parameters domain is assumed in the paper as an important property of the environment that is carry out and in the specified case of walking robot analyzed in the paper.
Category: General Mathematics

[2081] viXra:1701.0433 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:17:59

### The 3n±p Conjecture: A Generalization of Collatz Conjecture

Authors: W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache

The Collatz conjecture is an open conjecture in mathematics named so after Lothar Collatz who proposed it in 1937. It is also known as 3n + 1 conjecture, the Ulam conjecture (after Stanislaw Ulam), Kakutanis problem (after Shizuo Kakutani) and so on. Several various generalization of the Collatz conjecture has been carried.
Category: General Mathematics

[2080] viXra:1701.0424 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:27:41

### Trilobic Vibrant Systems

Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Mircea Eugen Șelariu

The trilobes are ex-centric circular supermathematics functions (EC-SMF) of angular excentricity.
Category: General Mathematics

[2079] viXra:1701.0423 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:28:41

### Triple Reﬁned Indeterminate Neutrosophic Sets for Personality Classiﬁcation

Authors: Ilanthenral Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache

Personality tests are most commonly objective type where the users rate their behaviour. Instead of providing a single forced choice, they can be provided with more options. A person may not be in general capable to judge his/her behaviour very precisely and categorize it into a single category. Since it is self rating there is a lot of uncertain and indeterminate feelings involved. The results of the test depend a lot on the circumstances under which the test is taken, the amount of time that is spent, the past experience of the person, the emotion the person is feeling and the person’s self image at that time and so on.
Category: General Mathematics

[2078] viXra:1701.0422 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-11 06:29:23

### Un Indicator DE Incluziune cu APLICAŢII ÎN Computer Vision

Authors: Ovidiu Ilie Şandru, Florentin Smarandache

În aceasta lucrare vom prezenta un procedeu de algoritmizare a operatiilor necesare deplasarii automate a unui obiect predefinit dintr-o imagine video data intr-o regiune tinta a acelei imagini, menit a facilita realizarea de aplicatii software specializate in rezolvarea acestui gen de probleme.
Category: General Mathematics

[2077] viXra:1701.0419 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 10:38:19

### α-D MCDM-Topsis Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method for N-Wise Criteria Comparisons and Inconsistent Problems

Authors: Azeddine ELHASSOUNY, Florentin SMARANDACHE

The purpose of this paper is to present an extension and alternative of the hybrid approach using Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method (AHP-TOPSIS), that based on the AHP and its use of pairwise comparisons, to a new method called α-D MCDM-TOPSIS(α-Discounting Method for Multi-Criteria Decision Making-TOPSIS). The proposed method works not only for preferences that are pairwise comparisons of criteria as AHP does, but for preferences of any n-wise (with n ≥ 2) comparisons of criteria. Finally the α-D MCDM-TOPSIS methodology is veriﬁed by some examples to demonstrate how it might be applied in diﬀerent types of matrices and is how it allwos for consistency, inconsistent, weak inconsistent, and strong inconsistent problems.
Category: General Mathematics

[2076] viXra:1701.0418 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 10:41:59

### Multicriteria Decision Making Using Double Refined Indeterminacy Neutrosophic Cross Entropy and Indeterminacy Based Cross Entropy

Authors: Ilanthenral Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache

Double Refined Indeterminacy Neutrosophic Set(DRINS) is an inclusive case of the refined neutrosophic set, defined by Smarandache [1], which provides the additional possibility to represent with sensitivity and accuracy the uncertain,imprecise,incomplete,and inconsistent information which are available in real world.
Category: General Mathematics

[2075] viXra:1701.0417 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 10:48:31

### Neutrosophic Cubic Ideals in Semigroups

Authors: Muhammad Gulistan, Majid Khan, Young Bae Jun, Florentin Smarandache, Naveed Yaqoob

We generalize the concept of fuzzy point, intutionistic fuzzy point, cubic point by introducing the concept of neutrosophic cubic point.
Category: General Mathematics

[2074] viXra:1701.0415 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:06:01

### Neutrosophic Combination Rules Based on Dempster-Shafer Theory and Dezert-Smarandache Theory

Authors: Gao Jian, Xinhan Huang, Min Wang, Xinde Li

Several neutrosophic combination reles based on the Dempster-Shafer Theory and Dezert-Smarandache Theory are presented in the study.
Category: General Mathematics

[2073] viXra:1701.0413 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:08:23

### NeutrosophicﬁltersinBE-Algebras

Authors: Akbar Rezaei, Arsham Borumand Saeid, Florentin Smarandache

In this paper, we introduce the notion of (implicative)neutrosophic ﬁlters in BE-algebras. The relation between implicative neutrosophic ﬁlters and neutrosophic ﬁlters is investigated and we show that in self distributive BEalgebras these notions are equivalent.
Category: General Mathematics

[2072] viXra:1701.0412 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:09:13

### Neutrosophic Indetermination and Fiction in Negative Journalistic Communication

Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Ștefan Vlăduțescu

The study highlights persuasive-fictional inductions that are recorded in journalistic discourse. Subsequently it constitutes an application of Neutrosophic on journalistic communication. The theoretical premise is that journalism is impregnated persuasion.
Category: General Mathematics

[2071] viXra:1701.0411 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:10:09

### Neutrosophic Logic Applied in the Statistical Indicators Theory

Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Gheorghe Săvoiu

Neutrosophic numbers easily allow modeling uncertainties of prices universe, thus justifying the growing interest for theoretical and practical aspects of arithmetic generated by some special numbers in our work. At the beginning of this paper, we reconsider the importance in applied research of instrumental discernment, viewed as the main support of the final measurement validity.
Category: General Mathematics

[2070] viXra:1701.0410 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:10:53

### Neutrosophic Modal Logic

Authors: Florentin Smarandache

We introduce now for the first time the neutrosophic modal logic. The Neutrosophic Modal Logic includes the neutrosophic operators that express the modalities. It is an extension of neutrosophic predicate logic, and of neutrosophic propositional logic.
Category: General Mathematics

[2069] viXra:1701.0407 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:14:36

### Neutrosophic Set and Logic

Authors: Mumtaz Ali, Florentin Smarandache, Luige Vladareanu

Neutrosophic sets and Logic plays a significant role in approximation theory. It is a generalization of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy set. Neutrosophic set is based on the neutrosophic philosophy in which every idea Z, has opposite denoted as anti(Z) and its neutral which is denoted as neut(Z). This is the main feature of neutrosophic sets and logic.
Category: General Mathematics

[2068] viXra:1701.0406 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:15:32

### Neutrosophic Set Approch for Characterizations of Left Almost Semigroups

In this paper we have dened neutrosophic ideals, neutrosophic interior ideals, netrosophic quasi-ideals and neutrosophic bi-ideals (neutrosophic generalized bi-ideals) and proved some results related to them.
Category: General Mathematics

[2067] viXra:1701.0404 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:19:28

### Neutrosophic Social Structures Specificities

Authors: Florentin Smarandache

This paper is an extention of (t,i,f)-Neutrosophic Structures applicability, where were introduced for the first time a new type of structures.
Category: General Mathematics

[2066] viXra:1701.0403 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:20:21

### Neutrosophic Soluble Groups, Neutrosophic Nilpotent Groups and Their Properties

Authors: Mumtaz Ali, Florentin Smarandache

The theory of soluble groups and nilpotent groups is old and hence a generalized on. In this paper, we introduced neutrosophic soluble groups and neutrosophic nilpotent groups which have some kind of indeterminacy. These notions are generalized to the classic notions of soluble groups and nilpotent groups. We also derive some new type of series which derived some new notions of soluble groups and nilpotent groups. They are mixed neutrosophic soluble groups and mixed neutrosophic nilpotent groups as well as strong neutrosophic soluble groups and strong neutrosophic nilpotent groups.
Category: General Mathematics

[2065] viXra:1701.0402 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:21:37

### Neutrosophic Triplet Group

Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Mumtaz Ali, Muhammad Shabir

In this paper, for the first time the authors introduced the notions of neutrosophic triplet group which is completely different from the classical group. In neutrosophic triplet group, we apply the fundamental law of neutrosophy that for an idea A, we have neut(A) and anti(A) and we capture the picture of neutrosophy in algebraic structures.
Category: General Mathematics

[2064] viXra:1701.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:26:05

### New Class of Soft Linear Algebraic Codes and Their Properties Using Soft Sets

Authors: Mumtaz Ali, Florentin Smarandache, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Algebraic codes play a signicant role in the minimisation of data corruption which caused by deffects such as inference, noise channel, crosstalk, and packet loss.In this paper, we introduce soft codes (soft linear codes) through the application of soft sets which is an approximated collection of codes.
Category: General Mathematics

[2063] viXra:1701.0394 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 07:43:01

### An Economic Analogy with Maxwell Equations in Fractional Space

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Hyman Minsky pioneered the idea of the financial instability hypothesis to explain how swings between robustness and fragility in financial markets generate business cycles in the economic system. Therefore, in his model business cycles and instability are endogenous. The problem now is how to put his idea of financial instability into a working model which can be tested with empirical data. Such a Minskyan model is quite rare, though some economists have proposed have tried to achieve that. For example, Toichiro Asada suggested generalized Lotka-Volterra nonlinear systems of equations as a model for Minskyan cycles.
Category: General Mathematics

[2062] viXra:1701.0393 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 07:44:18

### An Evidence Fusion Method with Importance Discounting Factors Based on Neutrosophic Probability Analysis in DSmT Framework

Authors: Qiang Guo, You He, Yong Deng, Tao Jian, Florentin Smarandache

To obtain effective fusion results of multi source evidences with different importances, an evidence fusion method with importance discounting factors based on neutrosopic probability analysis in DSmT framework is proposed. First, the reasonable evidence sources are selected out based on the statistical analysis of the pignistic probability functions of single focal elements.
Category: General Mathematics

[2061] viXra:1701.0392 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 07:45:51

### A New 3n−1 Conjecture Akin to Collatz Conjecture

Authors: W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache

The Collatz conjecture is an open conjecture in mathematics named so after Lothar Collatz who proposed it in 1937. It is also known as 3n + 1 conjecture, the Ulam conjecture (after Stanislaw Ulam), Kakutani’s problem (after Shizuo Kakutani) and so on.
Category: General Mathematics

[2060] viXra:1701.0391 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 07:47:02

### A New Approach to Algebraic Coding Theory Through the Applications of Soft Sets

Authors: Mumtaz Ali, Florentin Smarandache

Algebraic codes play a signicant role in the minimisation of data corruption which caused by de⁄ects such as inference, noise channel, crosstalk, and packet loss.In this paper, we introduce soft codes (soft linear codes) through the application of soft sets which is an approximated collection of codes. We also discuss several types of soft codes such as type-1 soft codes, complete soft codes etc. Further, we constrcut the soft generator matrix and soft parity check matrix for the soft linear codes. Moreover, we develop two techinques for the decoding of soft codes.
Category: General Mathematics

[2059] viXra:1701.0390 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 07:48:31

### A New Similarity Measure Based on Falsity Value Between Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets Based on the Centroid Points of Transformed Single Valued Neutrosophic Values with Applications to Pattern Recognition

Authors: Mehmet Şahin, Necati Olgun, Vakkas Uluçay, Abdullah Kargın, Florentin Smarandache

In this paper, we propose transformations based on the centroid points between single valued neutrosophic values. We introduce these transformations according to truth, indeterminacy and falsity value of single valued neutrosophic values. We propose a new similarity measure based on falsity value between single valued neutrosophic sets.
Category: General Mathematics

[2058] viXra:1701.0384 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 08:29:52

### An Introduction to Bipolar Single Valued Neutrosophic Graph Theory An Introduction to Bipolar Single Valued Neutrosophic Graph Theory

Authors: Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache, Mohamed Talea, Assia Bakali

In this paper, we first define the concept of bipolar single neutrosophic graphs as the generalization of bipolar fuzzy graphs, N-graphs, intuitionistic fuzzy graph, single valued neutrosophic graphs and bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy graphs.
Category: General Mathematics

[2057] viXra:1701.0383 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 08:31:27

### An Operational View in Computational Construction of Information

Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Ștefan VlĂduȚescu, Ioan Constantin Dima, Dan Valeriu Voinea

The paper aims to explain the technology of emergence of information. Our research proves that information as communicational product is the result of processing within some operations, actions, mechanisms and strategies of informational material meanings. Are determined eight computational-communicative operations of building information.
Category: General Mathematics

[2056] viXra:1701.0381 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 08:33:59

### Application of Dijkstra Algorithm for Solving Interval Valued Neutrosophic Shortest Path Problem

Authors: Said Broumi, Mohamed Talea, Assia Bakali, Florentin Smarandache

In this paper, the authors propose an extended version of Dijkstra’ algorithm for finding the shortest path on a network where the edge weights are characterized by an interval valued neutrosophic numbers. Finally, a numerical example is given to explain the proposed algorithm.
Category: General Mathematics

[2055] viXra:1701.0380 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 08:43:21

### Applications of Complex Neutrosophic Sets in Medical Diagnosis Based on Similarity Measures

Authors: Kalyan Mondal, Surapati Pramanik, Florentin Smarandache

This paper presents some similarity measures between complex neutrosophic sets. A complex neutrosophic set is a generalization of neutrosophic set whose complex-valued truth membership function, complex-valued indeterminacy membership function, and complex valued falsity membership functions are the combinations of real-valued truth amplitude term in association with phase term, real-valued indeterminate amplitude term with phase term, and real-valued false amplitude term with phase term respectively. In the present study, we have proposed complex cosine, Dice and Jaccard similarity measures and investigated some of their properties. Finally, complex neutrosophic cosine, Dice and Jaccard similarity measures have been applied to a medical diagnosis problem with complex neutrosophic information.
Category: General Mathematics

[2054] viXra:1701.0377 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 08:51:57

### Applying Dijkstra Algorithm for Solving Neutrosophic Shortest Path Problem

Authors: Said Broumi, Mohamed Talea, Assia Bakali, Florentin Smarandache

The selection of shortest path problem is one the classic problems in graph theory. In literature, many algorithms have been developed to provide a solution for shortest path problem in a network. One of common algorithms in solving shortest path problem is Dijkstra’s algorithm. In this paper, Dijkstra’s algorithm has been redesigned to handle the case in which most of parameters of a network are uncertain and given in terms of neutrosophic numbers. Finally, a numerical example is given to explain the proposed algorithm
Category: General Mathematics

[2053] viXra:1701.0376 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 08:54:44

### A Situation Assessment Method in Conditional Evidential Networks based on DSm-PCR5

Authors: GUO Qiang, HE You, LI Xian, Florentin Smarandache, XU Shi-you

Aiming to solving the problem that the evidence information based on Dezert-Smarandache (DSm) model cannot be effectively conditionally reasoned in multi-source heterogeneous network which leads to the low rate of situation assessment, a situation assessment method in Conditional Evidential Network based on DSm-Proportional Conflict Redistribution No.5 (PCR5) is proposed. First, the conditional reasoning formula in Conditional Evidential Network based on DSm model is given. Then, the Disjunctive Rule of Combination(DRC) based on DSm-PCR5 is proposed and the Generalized Bayesian Theorem (GBT) for multiple intersection sets of focal elements can be obtained in the premise that the conditional mass assignments functions of focal elements in refinement of hyper-power set is known. Finally, through the simulation experiments results of situation assessment, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Category: General Mathematics

[2052] viXra:1701.0374 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 09:16:25

### Classical Logic and Neutrosophic Logic. Answers to K. Georgiev.

Authors: Florentin Smarandache

In this paper we make distinctions between Classical Logic (where the propositions are 100% true, or 100 false) and the Neutrosophic Logic (where one deals with partially true, partially indeterminate and partially false propositions) in order to respond to K. Georgiev [1]’s criticism. We recall that if an axiom is true in a classical logic system, it is not necessarily that the axiom be valid in a modern (fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, neutrosophic etc.) logic system.
Category: General Mathematics

[2051] viXra:1701.0373 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 09:19:44

### Clustering Algorithm of Triple Reﬁned Indeterminate Neutrosophic Set for Personality Grouping

Authors: Ilanthenral Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache

Triple Reﬁned Indeterminate Neutrosophic Set (TRINS) which is a case of the reﬁned neutrosophic set was introduced. It provides the additional possibility to represent with sensitivity and accuracy the uncertain, imprecise, incomplete, and inconsistent information which are available in real world.
Category: General Mathematics

[2050] viXra:1701.0371 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 09:22:27

### Clustering of Personality using Indeterminacy Based Personality Test

Authors: Ilanthenral Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache

Triple Reﬁned Indeterminate Neutrosophic Set (TRINS) a case of the reﬁned neutrosophic set was introduced in [8]. The uncertain and inconsistent information which are available in real world is represented with sensitivity and accuracy by TRINS.
Category: General Mathematics

[2049] viXra:1701.0368 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 09:28:40

### Complex Neutrosophic Similarity Measures in Medical Diagnosis

Authors: Kalyan Mondal, Mumtaz Ali, Surapati Pramanik, Florentin Smarandache

This paper presents some similarity measures between complex neutrosophic sets. A complex neutrosophic set is a generalization of neutrosophic set whose complex-valued truth membership function, complex-valued indeterminacy membership function, and complex valued falsity membership functions are the combinations of realvalued truth amplitude term in association with phase term, real-valued indeterminate amplitude term with phase term, and real-valued false amplitude term with phase term respectively.
Category: General Mathematics

[2048] viXra:1701.0366 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 09:32:05

### Computation of Shortest Path Problem in a Network with SV-Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Numbers

Authors: Said Broumi, Mohamed Talea, Assia Bakali, Florentin Smarandache

In this work, a neutrosophic network method is proposed for finding the shortest path length with single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic number. The proposed algorithm gives the shortest path length using score function from source node to destination node.
Category: General Mathematics

[2047] viXra:1701.0364 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 09:37:38

### CSP and “omics” Technology Apllied on Versatile and Intelligent Portable Platform for Modeling Complex Bio-medical Data

Authors: Luige Vladareanu, Mihaiela Iliescu, Hongbo Wang, Feng Yongfei, Victor Vladareanu, Hongnian Yu, Florentin Smarandache

This paper presents relevant aspects of the idea of using the digital medicine in cancer, so that to shape a viable strategy for creating and implementing an interactive digital platform, NEO-VIP, that should be the basic support to design the strategy for integration of basic, clinical and environmental research on neoplasia progression to cancer.
Category: General Mathematics

[2046] viXra:1701.0363 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 09:39:32

### CURIOZITĂŢI Ale FUNCŢIILOR Supermatematice

Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Mircea Eugen Şelariu

Funcţiile beta excentrice de variabilă excentrică bexθ şi de variabilă centrică Bexα stau la baza edificiul funcţiilor supermatematice circulare excentrice (FSM−CE).
Category: General Mathematics

[2045] viXra:1701.0362 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 09:42:09

### Decision-Making Method based on the Interval Valued Neutrosophic Graph

Authors: Said Broumi, Mohamed Talea, Assia Bakali, Florentin Smarandache

In this article, we extend the concept of neutrosophic graph-based multicriteria decision making method (NGMCDM) to the case of interval valued neutrosophic graph theory. The new concept is called interval valued neutrosophic graph-based multicriteria decision making method (IVNGMCDM for short).
Category: General Mathematics

[2044] viXra:1701.0356 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 09:54:12

### Interval Valued Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets and Their Application in Pattern Recognition

Authors: Irfan Deli, Yusuf Şubaş, Florentin Smarandache, Mumtaz Ali

Interval valued bipolar neutrosophic set(IVBN-set) is a new generalization of fuzzy set, bipolar fuzzy set, neutrosophic set and bipolar neutrosophic set so that it can handle uncertain information more flexibly in the process of decision making.
Category: General Mathematics

[2043] viXra:1701.0354 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 09:56:56

### Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Soft Rough Sets

Authors: Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

We first defined interval-valued neutrosophic soft rough sets (IVN-soft rough sets for short) which combine interval-valued neutrosophic soft set and rough sets and studied some of its basic properties. This concept is an extension of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft rough sets(IVIF-soft rough sets).
Category: General Mathematics

[2042] viXra:1701.0351 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 10:04:37

### Luhn Primes of Order ω

Authors: Octavian Cira, F, Smarandache

Category: General Mathematics

[2041] viXra:1701.0340 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 03:55:52

### On the General Solution of Initial Value Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations Using the Method of Iterated Integrals

Authors: Ahsan Amin

Our goal is to give a very simple, effective and intuitive algorithm for the solution of initial value problem of ODEs of 1st and arbitrary higher order with general i.e. constant, variable or nonlinear coefficients and the systems of these ordinary differential equations. We find an expansion of the differential equation/function to get an infinite series containing iterated integrals evaluated solely at initial values of the dependent variables in the ordinary differential equation. Our series represents the true series expansion of the closed form solution of the ordinary differential equation. The method can also be used easily for general 2nd and higher order ordinary differential equations. We explain with examples the steps to solution of initial value problems of 1st order ordinary differential equations and later follow with more examples for linear and non-linear 2nd order and third order ODEs. We have given mathematica code for the solution of nth order ordinary differential equations and show with examples how to use the general code on 1st, 2nd and third order ordinary differential equations. We also give mathematica code for the solution of systems of a large number of general ordinary differential equations each of arbitrary order. We give an example showing the ease with which our method calculates the solution of system of three non-linear second order ordinary differential equations.
Category: General Mathematics

[2040] viXra:1701.0337 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-09 12:02:34

### AVRO: Real Flying Saucer

Authors: Desire Francine Gobato, Ricardo Gobato
Comments: 1 Page. Panel presented in the THIRD INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS, Londrina - PR (Brazil), October 21 - 26, 2013.

One of the most unusual V/STOL aircraft programs was the Avro VZ-9 “Avrocar”. Designed to be a true flying saucer, the Avrocar was one of the few V/STOL aircraft to be developed in complete secrecy. Despite significant design changes during flight test, the Avrocar was unable to achieve its objectives and the program was ultimately canceled after the expenditure of over $10 million (1954-61). The concept of a lift fan driven by a turbojet engine did not die either, and lives on today as a key component of the Lockheed X-35 Joint Strike Fighter contender. While the Avrocar was under development, Peter Kappus of General Electric independently developed a lift fan propulsion system which evolved into the GE/Ryan VZ-11 (later XV-5) “Vertifan”. Category: General Mathematics [2039] viXra:1701.0280 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-04 06:57:26 ### Fixed Point Method , Number pi , Fractals Authors: Edgar Valdebenito Comments: 6 Pages. In this note we present:Real solutions of the polynomial equations:x^5+x^4+x-1=0 , x^5+x^3+x^2-1=0 , via fixed point method , Relations for pi number, Fractal connection. Category: General Mathematics [2038] viXra:1701.0279 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:45:09 ### Static Versus Dynamic Data Information Fusion Analysis Using Dddas for Cyber Security Trust Authors: Erik Blasch, Youssif Al-Nashif, Salim Hariri Comments: 15 Pages. Information fusion includes signals, features, and decision-level analysis over various types of data including imagery, text, and cyber security detection. With the maturity of data processing, the explosion of big data, and the need for user acceptance; the Dynamic Data-Driven Application System (DDDAS) philosophy fosters insights into the usability of information systems solutions. Category: General Mathematics [2037] viXra:1701.0278 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:46:09 ### Structural Properties of Neutrosophic Abel-Grassmanns Groupoids Authors: Madad Khan, Misbah Comments: 25 Pages. In this paper, we have introduced the notion of neutrosophic (2;2)regular, neutrosophic strongly regular neutrosophic AG-groupoids and investigated these structures. We have shown that neutrosophic regular, neutrosophic intraregular and neutrosophic strongly regular AG-groupoid are the only generalized classes of an AG-groupoid. Category: General Mathematics [2036] viXra:1701.0277 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:47:23 ### Studies on Finite Semigroups, Semigroup Semirings, Group Semirings on Semirings as Distributive Lattices Authors: Jayshree K. Comments: 219 Pages. As the name suggests, a semigroup is a generalization of a group; because a semigroup need not in general have an element which has an inverse. The algebraic structure enjoyed by a semigroup is a non-empty set together with an associative closed binary operation. Category: General Mathematics [2035] viXra:1701.0276 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:48:38 ### Study on the Development of Neutrosophic Triplet Ring and Neutrosophic Triplet Field Authors: Mumtaz Ali, Mohsin Khan Comments: 8 Pages. This article is a study on the development of neutrosophic triplet ring and neutrosophic triplet field. Category: General Mathematics [2034] viXra:1701.0275 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:49:23 ### Supervised Pattern Recognition Using Similarity Measure Between Two Interval Valued Neutrosophic Soft Sets Authors: Anjan Mukherjee, Sadhan Sarkar Comments: 8 Pages. F. Smarandache introduced the concept of neutrosophic set in 1995 and P. K. Maji introduced the notion of neutrosophic soft set in 2013, which is a hybridization of neutrosophic set and soft set. Category: General Mathematics [2033] viXra:1701.0274 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:50:16 ### Surfaces Family with Common Smarandache Geodesic Curve According to Bishop Frame in Euclidean Space Authors: Gülnur Saffak Atalay, Emin Kasap Comments: 11 Pages. In this paper, we analyzed the problem of consructing a family of surfaces from a given some special Smarandache curves in Euclidean 3-space. Category: General Mathematics [2032] viXra:1701.0273 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:51:26 ### Survey on Fusion of Multimodal Biometrics Using Score Level Fusion Authors: S.mohana Prakash, P.betty, K.sivanarulselvan Comments: 10 Pages. Biometrics is used to uniquely identify a person’s individual based on physical and behavioural characteristics. Unimodal biometric system contains various problems such as degree of freedom, spoof attacks, non-universality, noisy data and error rates. so the need of multimodal biometrics system occurred, a multimodal biometric system combines the different biometric traits and provides better performance as compared to a single biometric trait. Category: General Mathematics [2031] viXra:1701.0272 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:52:20 ### Sustainable Assessment of Alternative Sites for the Construction of a Waste Incineration Plant by Applying WASPAS Method with Single-Valued Neutrosophic Set Authors: Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Romualdas Baušys, Marius Lazauskas Comments: 14 Pages. The principles of sustainability have become particularly important in the construction, real estate maintenance sector, and all areas of life in recent years. The one of the major problem of urban territories that domestic and construction waste of generated products cannot be removed automatically. Category: General Mathematics [2030] viXra:1701.0271 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:53:15 ### Texture Segmentation Based on Gabor Filters and Neutrosophic Graph Cut Authors: Yaman Akbulut, Abdulkadir Sengur, Yanhui Guo Comments: 4 Pages. Image segmentation is the ﬁrst step of image processing and image analysis. Texture segmentation is a challenging task in image segmentation applications. Category: General Mathematics [2029] viXra:1701.0269 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:54:47 ### The Generalized Dice Measures for Multiple Attribute Decision Making Under Simpliﬁed Neutrosophic Environments Authors: Yun Ye Comments: 9 Pages. A simpliﬁed neutrosophic set (SNS) is a subclass of neutrosophic set and contains a single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) and an interval neutrosophic set (INS). Category: General Mathematics [2028] viXra:1701.0268 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:57:03 ### The Generalized Golden Proportion, a New Theory of Real Numbers, and Ternary Mirror-Symmetrical Arithmetic Authors: Alexey Stakhov Comments: 20 Pages. We consider real important Generalized Golden proportion. Category: General Mathematics [2027] viXra:1701.0267 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:57:58 ### The Impact of the Quality Assessment of Optimal Assignment for Data Association in a Multitarget Tracking Context Authors: J. Dezert, A. Tchamova, P. Konstantinova Comments: 11 Pages. The main purpose of this paper is to apply and to test the performance of a new method, based on belief functions, proposed by Dezert et al. in order to evaluate the quality of the individual association pairings provided in the optimal data association solution for improving the performances of multisensormultitarget tracking systems. Category: General Mathematics [2026] viXra:1701.0265 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:58:52 ### The Knee Wear Prediction of UHMWPE Tibial Insert Using VIPRO Platform Authors: Lucian Capitanu, Luige Vladareanu, Virgil Florescu Comments: 10 Pages. The failure mechanism was postulated as a combination of the high level of loading during normal activities and a non-conforming contact mechanism between the femoral condyles and the tibial insert. Category: General Mathematics [2025] viXra:1701.0263 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 14:01:39 ### The Smarandache Bryant Schneider Group Of A Smarandache Loop Authors: Temitope Gbolahan Jaiyeola Comments: 14 Pages. The concept of Smarandache Bryant Schneider Group of a Smarandache loop is introduced. Relationship(s) between the Bryant Schneider Group and the Smarandache Bryant Schneider Group of an S-loop are discovered and the later is found to be useful in ﬁnding Smarandache isotopy-isomorphy condition(s) in S-loops just like the formal is useful in ﬁnding isotopy-isomorphy condition(s) inloops. Category: General Mathematics [2024] viXra:1701.0255 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-04 03:26:39 ### The Weighted Distance Measure Based Method to Neutrosophic Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making Authors: Chunfang Liu, YueSheng Luo Comments: 12 Pages. Neutrosophic set (NS) is a generalization of fuzzy set (FS) that is designed for some practical situations in which each element has diﬀerent truth membership function, indeterminacy membership function and falsity membership function. Category: General Mathematics [2023] viXra:1701.0254 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-04 03:28:13 ### Three-Way Fuzzy Concept Lattice Representation Using Neutrosophic Set Authors: Prem Kumar Singh Comments: 11 Pages. Recently, three-way concept lattice is studied to handle the uncertainty and incompleteness in the given attribute set based on acceptation, rejection, and uncertain regions. Category: General Mathematics [2022] viXra:1701.0253 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-04 03:29:17 ### Topsis Approach to Chance Constrained Multi Objective Multi Level Quadratic Programming Problem Authors: Surapati Pramanik, Durga Banerjee, B. C. Giri Comments: 18 Pages. This paper presents TOPSIS approach to solve chance constrained multi – objective multi – level quadratic programming problem. The proposed approach actually combines TOPSIS and fuzzy goal programming. Category: General Mathematics [2021] viXra:1701.0251 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-04 03:33:20 ### Toward Trustworthy Cloud Service Selection: a Time-Aware Approach Using Interval Neutrosophic Set Authors: Hua Ma, Zhigang Hu, Keqin Li, Hongyu Zhang Comments: 20 Pages. Toward trustworthy cloud service selection: A time-aware approach using interval neutrosophic set. Category: General Mathematics [2020] viXra:1701.0250 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-04 03:34:42 ### Toward Wisdom: A Hierarchical Wisdom Ontology based on Chinese Classics Authors: Feng Liu Comments: 14 Pages. Based on extensive exploration in Chinese classics, this paper ¯nds a fresh new perspective for KM philosophy especially in pyramid issue: The primary role in knowledge ontology should be consciousness rather than IT aspects, in which the former determines the perceived results such as data, information, knowledge or wisdom. Category: General Mathematics [2019] viXra:1701.0245 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-04 03:42:47 ### Uncertainty Measure Method of Evidence and Its Application Authors: CHEN Jinguang, ZHANG Fen, MA Lili. Comments: 6 Pages. Conflict of evidence is one of the most important factor which leads to the fusion result of evidence theory unsatisfactory. Thus the evidence conflict has been the key issue to be solved in evidence theory. By using a linear combination of ambiguity measure, discord measure and nonspecificity measure, a new uncertainty measurement method of evidence is presented. Category: General Mathematics [2018] viXra:1701.0244 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-04 03:44:01 ### Vector Similarity Measures for Simplied Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Set and Their Applications Authors: Jun Ye, Tahir Mahmood, Qaisar Khan Comments: 24 Pages. In this article we present three similarity measures between simplied neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy sets, which contain the concept of single valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy sets and interval valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy sets, based on the extension of Jaccard similarity measure, Dice similarity measure and Cosine similarity in the vector space. Category: General Mathematics [2017] viXra:1701.0243 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-04 03:45:30 ### АНАЛИЗ ПРАВИЛ КОМБИНИРОВАНИЯ ГРУППОВЫХ ЭКСПЕРТНЫХ ОЦЕНОК В КОНФЛИКТНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ Authors: KOVALENKO Igore Ivanovich, ShVED Alena Vladimirovna, PUGAChENKO Ekaterina Sergeevna Comments: 7 Pages. При анализе групповых экспертных оценок эффективные результаты могут быть получены при правильном учете различных НЕ–факторов (неполнота, неопределенность, нечеткость, недостоверность, неоднозначность и др.), что в свою очередь создает основу для выбора соответствующих подходов и методов обработки экспертной информации. Category: General Mathematics [2016] viXra:1701.0242 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-04 03:47:03 ### ВЫБОР РЕШЕНИЙ НА МНОЖЕСТВЕ ЭКСПЕРТНЫХ СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПРАВИЛ ПЕРЕРАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КОНФЛИКТОВ Authors: Igore KOVALENKO, Ekaterina ANTIPOVA, Sergey BORDUN Comments: 5 Pages. В процессе проведения экспертизы между суждениями экспертов могут возникать конфликтные ситуации, когда оценки двух и более независимых экспертных групп не пересекаются. Category: General Mathematics [2015] viXra:1701.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:09:03 ### Lean Supplier Selection based on Hybrid MCGDM Approach using Interval Valued Neutrosophic Sets: A Case Study Authors: Rajeswara Reddy P., Naga Raju I., Diwakar Reddy V., Krishnaiah G. Comments: 6 Pages. In any manufacturing industry 60% - 70% of total cost of product pertains raw materials cost. Therefore selec material supplier is very significant factor to improve quality of product as well as reducing total cost. Supplier selection considers various factors and numerous alternatives. Category: General Mathematics [2014] viXra:1701.0238 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:10:21 ### Liar Liar, Pants on ﬁre; or How to Use Subjective Logic and Argumentation to Evaluate Information from Untrustworthy Sources Authors: Andrew Koster, Ana L. C. Bazzan, Marcelo de Souza Comments: 18 Pages. This paper presents a non-prioritized belief change operator, designed speciﬁcally for incorporating new information from many heterogeneous sources in an uncertain environment. We take into account that sources may be untrustworthy and provide a principled method for dealing with the reception of contradictory information. Category: General Mathematics [2013] viXra:1701.0235 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:15:39 ### Medical Treatment Options Selection Using Extended Todim Method with Single Valued Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Numbers Authors: Hong-yu Zhang, Pu Ji, Jian-qiang Wang Comments: 36 Pages. The selection process of medical treatment options is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) one, and single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers (SVTNNs) are useful in depicting information and fuzziness in selection processes. Category: General Mathematics [2012] viXra:1701.0234 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:16:49 ### Merging of Semilattices and Their Special Properties Authors: M. Reehana Parveen, P. Sekar Comments: 16 Pages. In this paper for the first time authors define the new notion of merging of semilattices. The properties of merged semilattices is studied and several interesting results are proved in this direction. Category: General Mathematics [2011] viXra:1701.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:18:32 ### Méthode D’aide à la Décision Basée Sur un Raisonnement évidentiel Pour évaluer L’efﬁcacité D’un Ouvrage Torrentiel de Stabilisation Authors: Simon CARLADOUS, Jean-Marc TACNET, Jean DEZERT, Corinne CURT, Mireille BATTON-HUBERT Comments: 7 Pages. Assessment of structural, functional and economic effectiveness of civil protective works against natural hazard, such as torrential check dams, is a key issue for infrastructures assets owners and managers such as French government who owns many of them. This assessment relies on imperfect information (imprecise, incomplete, uncertain), provided by several sources, which relates as far to structures themselves than to natural phenomena scenarios. Category: General Mathematics [2010] viXra:1701.0232 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:22:24 ### MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation Methods- A Review Authors: Gursangeet Kaur, Jyoti Rani Comments: 5 Pages. Medical image processing and its segmentation is an active and interesting area for researchers. It has reached at the tremendous place in diagnosing tumors after the discovery of CT and MRI. MRI is an useful tool to detect the brain tumor and segmentation is performed to carry out the useful portion from an image. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of different image segmentation methods like watershed algorithm, morphological operations, neutrosophic sets, thresholding, K-means clustering, fuzzy C-means etc using MR images. Category: General Mathematics [2009] viXra:1701.0231 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:24:55 ### Multi-Camera People Tracking Using Evidential Filters Authors: Rafael Munoz-Salinas, R. Medina-Carnicer, F.J. Madrid-Cuevas, A. Carmona-Poyato Comments: 18 Pages. Multi-camera people tracking using evidential filters. Category: General Mathematics [2008] viXra:1701.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:42:01 ### Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method Based on Similarity Measures Under Single Valued Neutrosophic Refined and Interval Neutrosophic Refined Environments Authors: Faruk Karaaslan Comments: 15 Pages. In this paper, we propose three similarity measure methods for single valued neutrosophic reﬁned sets and interval neutrosophic reﬁned sets based on Jaccard, Dice and Cosine similarity measures of single valued neutrosophic sets and interval neutrosophic sets. Category: General Mathematics [2007] viXra:1701.0229 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:42:59 ### Multi – Criteria Group Decision Making Model in Neutrosophic Refined Set and Its Application Authors: Surapati Pramanik, Durga Banerjee, B. C. Giri Comments: 7 Pages. In the paper, multi criteria group decision making model has been presented based on tangent similarity measure of neutrosophic refined set. Simplified form of tangent similarity measure in neutrosophic refined set has been presented. New ranking method has been proposed based on refined tangent similarity measure. The proposed approach has been illustrated by solving a teacher selection problem in neutrosophic refined set environment. Category: General Mathematics [2006] viXra:1701.0227 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:44:43 ### Multicriteria Decision Making Approach by Vikor Under Interval Neutrosophic Set Environment Authors: Romualdas Bausys, Edmundas-Kazimieras Zavadskas Comments: 16 Pages. The paper presents the extension of VIKOR method for the solution of the multicriteria decision making problems, namely VIKOR-IVNS. The original VIKOR method was proposed for the solution of the decision problems with the conflicting and non-common measurable criteria. In this paper, a new extension of the crisp VIKOR method has been proposed. This extension is developed in the context of interval-valued neutrosophic sets. Category: General Mathematics [2005] viXra:1701.0226 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:46:18 ### Multi-Objective Neutrosophic Optimization Technique and its Application to Structural Design Authors: Mridula Sarkar, Samir Dey, Tapan Kumar Roy Comments: 7 Pages. In this paper, a multi-objective non-linear neutrosophic optimization (NSO) approach for optimizing the design of plane truss structure with multiple objectives subject to a specified set of constraints has been developed. Category: General Mathematics [2004] viXra:1701.0225 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:47:18 ### Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Method under Hesitant Single Valued Neutrosophic Uncertain Linguistic Environment Authors: Yun Ye Comments: 20 Pages. Motivated by the idea of single valued neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets (SVNULSs) and hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs), in this article we combine SVNULSs with HFSs to present the idea of hesitant single valued neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets (HSVNULSs), hesitant single valued neutrosophic uncertain linguistic elements (HSVNULEs) and defined some basic operational laws of HSVNULEs. Category: General Mathematics [2003] viXra:1701.0223 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:48:29 ### Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making Method Based on Some Normal Neutrosophic Number Heronian Mean Operator Authors: Peide Liu, Fei Teng Comments: 27 Pages. In this paper, similar to the extension from intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs) to neutrosophic numbers (NNs), we propose the normal neutrosophic numbers (NNNs) based on the normal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (NIFNs) to handle the incompleteness, indeterminacy and inconsistency of the evaluation information. Category: General Mathematics [2002] viXra:1701.0222 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:49:40 ### Multiple Moving Targets Tracking Research in Cluttered Scenes Authors: Yingwu Fang, Yi Wang, Wei Jin Comments: 5 Pages. Traditional particle filter (PF) will have bad effect when the target’s color is similar to the background or the target is blocked, and an improved tracking algorithm is presented in the framework of PF and DSmT. Category: General Mathematics [2001] viXra:1701.0221 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:51:02 ### Multisource Fusion/Classification Using ICM and DSmT with New Decision Rule Authors: Azeddine Elhassouny, Soufiane Idbraim, Aissam Bekkarri, Driss Mammass, Danielle Ducrot Comments: 9 Pages. In this paper we introduce a new procedure for classification and change detection by the integration in a fusion process using hybrid DSmT model, both, the contextual information obtained from a supervised ICM classification with constraints and the temporal information with the use of two images taken at two different dates. Category: General Mathematics [2000] viXra:1701.0220 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:53:32 ### Multitarget Tracking Performance based on the Quality Assessment of Data Association Authors: Jean Dezert, Albena Tchamova, Pavlina Konstantinova Comments: 8 Pages. The main objective of this paper is to present, to apply, and to test the effectiveness of the new method, based on belief functions, proposed by Dezert et al. in order to evaluate the quality of the individual association pairings provided in the classical optimal data association solution for improving the performances of multitarget tracking systems in clutter, when some of the association decisions given in the optimal assignment solution are unreliable and doubtful and lead to potentially critical mistake. Category: General Mathematics [1999] viXra:1701.0217 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:56:40 ### Neutrosophic Complex N Continuity Authors: R. Narmada Devi Comments: 14 Pages. In this paper, the concept of N-open set in neutrosophic complex topological space is introduced. Some of the interesting properties of neutrosophic complex N-open sets are studied. The idea of neutrosophic complex N-continuous function and its characterization are discussed. Also the interrelation among the sets and continuity are established. Category: General Mathematics [1998] viXra:1701.0216 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 11:57:44 ### Neutrosophic Cubic Ideals Authors: Majid Khan, Muhammad Gulistan Comments: 21 Pages. Operational properties of neutrosophic cubic sets are investigated.The notion of neutrosophic cubic subsemigroups and neutrosophic cubic left (resp.right) ideals are introduced, and several properties are investigated. Category: General Mathematics [1997] viXra:1701.0215 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:00:04 ### Neutrosophic Functions of the Joint Roughness Coefficient and the Shear Strength: A Case Study from the Pyroclastic Rock Mass in Shaoxing City, China Authors: Jun Ye, Rui Yong, Qi-Feng Liang, Man Huang, Shi-Gui Du Comments: 10 Pages. Many studies have been carried out to investigate the scale effect on the shear behavior of rock joints. Category: General Mathematics [1996] viXra:1701.0214 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:01:01 ### Neutrosophic Hypergraphs Authors: Muhammad Akram, Sundas Shahzadi, A. Borumand Saeid Comments: 16 Pages. In this paper, we introduce certain concepts, including neutrosophic hypergraph, line graph of neutrosophic hypergraph, dual neutrosophic hypergraph, tempered neutrosophic hypergraph and transversal neutrosophic hypergraph. We illustrate these concepts by several examples and investigate some of interesting properties. Category: General Mathematics [1995] viXra:1701.0213 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:01:53 ### Neutrosophic Hyperideals of Γ-Semihyperrings Authors: Debabrata Mandal Comments: 12 Pages. Hyperstructures, in particular hypergroups, were introduced in 1934 by Marty [12] at the eighth congress of Scandinavian Mathematicians. The notion of algebraic hyperstructure has been developed in the following decades and nowadays by many authors, especially Corsini [2, 3], Davvaz [5, 6, 7, 8, 9], Mittas [13], Spartalis [16], Stratigopoulos [17] and Vougiouklis [20]. Basic deﬁnitions and notions concerning hyperstructure theory can be found in [2]. Category: General Mathematics [1994] viXra:1701.0210 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:08:30 ### Neutrosophic Linear Programming Authors: Surapati Pramanik Comments: 11 Pages. This paper proposes the framework of neutrosophic linear programming approach for solving multi objective optimization problems involving uncertainty and indeterminacy. Category: General Mathematics [1993] viXra:1701.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:09:10 ### Neutrosophic Logic Based Inconsistent Relational Database for Normalizing Data and Accurate Decision Authors: Soumitra De Comments: 7 Pages. In this paper the author propose a new method of search called Neutrosophic search to find the most suitable match for the predicates to answer any imprecise query made by the database users. Neutrosophic search is capable of manipulating incomplete as well as inconsistent information. Fuzzy relation or vague relation can only handle incomplete information. Neutrosophic logic is an extension of classical logic. Category: General Mathematics [1992] viXra:1701.0207 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:10:59 ### Neutrosophic Multi-Objective Linear Programming Authors: Surapati Pramanik Comments: 11 Pages. For modeling imprecise and indeterminate data for multi-objective decision making, two different methods: neutrosophic multi-objective linear/non-linear programming, neutrosophic goal programming, which have been very recently proposed in the literatuire. Category: General Mathematics [1991] viXra:1701.0206 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:12:26 ### Neutrosophic Refined Similarity Measure Based on Tangent Function and Its Application to Multi Attribute Decesion Making Authors: Kalyan Mondal, Surapati Pramanik Comments: 10 Pages. In the paper, tangent similarity measure of neutrosophic refined set is proposed and its properties are studied. The concept of this tangent similarity measure of single valued neutrosophic refined sets is an extension of tangent similarity measure of single valued neutrosophic sets. Category: General Mathematics [1990] viXra:1701.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:16:38 ### Neutrosophic Technique and Its Application Authors: A. A. Salama Comments: 13 Pages. The fundamental concepts of neutrosophic set, introduced by Smarandache in [ 38, 39, 40], and Salama et al. in [20-37], provides a natural foundation for treating mathematically the neutrosophic phenomena which exist pervasively in our real world and for building new branches of neutrosophic mathematics. Category: General Mathematics [1989] viXra:1701.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:17:25 ### Neutrosophic Vague Soft Expert Set Theory Authors: Ashraf Al-Quran, Nasruddin Hassan Comments: 12 Pages. In this paper, we ﬁrst introduce the concept of neutrosophic vague soft expert sets (NVSESs for short) which combines neutrosophic vague sets and soft expert sets to be more effective and useful. We also deﬁne its basic operations, namely complement, union, intersection, AND and OR along with illustrative examples, and study some related properties with supporting proofs. Lastly, this concept is applied to a decision making problem and its effectiveness is demonstrated using a hypothetical example. Category: General Mathematics [1988] viXra:1701.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:18:06 ### Neutrsophic Complex N-Continuity Authors: R. Narmada Devi Comments: 14 Pages. In this paper, the concept of N-open set in neutrosophic complex topological space is introduced. Some of the interesting properties of neutrosophic complex N-open sets are studied. The idea of neutrosophic complex N-continuous function and its characterization are discussed. Also the interrelation among the sets and continuity are established. Category: General Mathematics [1987] viXra:1701.0198 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:19:08 ### New Algebraic Properties of Middle Bol Loops Authors: Temitope Gbolahan Jaiyeola, S.P. David Comments: 23 Pages. In this paper, some new algebraic properties of a middle Bol loop are established. Category: General Mathematics [1986] viXra:1701.0197 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:19:56 ### New Distance Measure of Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets and Its Application Authors: Han-Liang Huang Comments: 12 Pages. A single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) is an instance of a neutrosophic set, which can be used to handle uncertainty, imprecise, indeterminate, and inconsistent information in real life. In this paper, a new distance measure between two SVNSs is deﬁned by the full consideration of truthmembership function, indeterminacy-membership function, and falsity-membership function for the forward and backward differences. Category: General Mathematics [1985] viXra:1701.0196 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:20:43 ### New Type Surfaces in Terms of B-Smarandache Curves in Sol3 Authors: Talat Körpınar Comments: 5 Pages. Analisa-se novos tipos de superfícies conforme as curvas B- Smarandache TM1 das hélices com inclinação B bi-harmonica. Caracterizam-se as curvas B- Smarandache TM1 conforme as curvaturas de Bishop, acresentando outras relações interessantes. Category: General Mathematics [1984] viXra:1701.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:21:37 ### N-Fold Filters in Smarandache Residuated Lattices, Part (I) Authors: Somayeh Motamed, Mahsa Sadeghi Kosarkhizi Comments: 12 Pages. In this paper we introduce the notions of n-fold BL-Smarandache positive implicateve ﬁlter and n-fold BL-Smarandache implicateve ﬁlter in Smarandache residuated lattices and study the relations among them. Category: General Mathematics [1983] viXra:1701.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:22:24 ### N-Fold Filters in Smarandache Residuated Lattices, Part (Ii) Authors: Somayeh Motamed, Mahsa Sadeghi Kosarkhizi Comments: 12 Pages. In this paper we introduce the notions of n-fold BL-Smarandache n-fold BL-Smarandache fantastic ﬁlter and n-fold BL-Smarandache easy ﬁlter in Smarandache residuated lattices and study the relations among them. Category: General Mathematics [1982] viXra:1701.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:23:19 ### Non-Overlapping Matrices Authors: Elena Barcucci, Antonio Bernini, Stefano Bilotta, Renzo Pinzani Comments: 16 Pages. Two matrices are said non-overlapping if one of them can not be put on the other one in a way such that the corresponding entries coincide. We provide a set of non-overlapping binary matrices and a formula to enumerate it which involves the k-generalized Fibonacci numbers. Moreover, the generating function for the enumerating sequence is easily seen to be rational. Category: General Mathematics [1981] viXra:1701.0192 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:24:17 ### Nötrosofik Benzerlik Ölçüsü Ile Pid Katsayılarının Ayarlanması Metodunda Üçgen, Gauss ve Çan Eğrisi Üyelik Fonksiyonlarının Etkilerinin İncelenmesi Authors: Mehmet Serhat Can, Ömer Faruk Özgüven Comments: 7 Pages. PID denetleyici ile bulanık mantık denetleyici ve bunlardan oluşturulmuş karma tasarımlar, kontrol uygulamalarında sıkça kullanılan denetleyici türlerindendir. Category: General Mathematics [1980] viXra:1701.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:25:01 ### Nötrosofik Üyelik Fonksiyonlu Bulanık Mantık Denetleyici Ile Sabit Mıknatıslı Doğru Akım Motor Milinin Dönüş Açısının Kontrolü Authors: Mehmet Serhat Can, Ömer Faruk Özgüven Comments: 6 Pages. Bu bildiride, hatanın ve hata değişiminin nötrosofik üyelik fonksiyonlarıyla değerlendirildiği bir bulanık kontrol yaklaşımı sunulmuştur. Category: General Mathematics [1979] viXra:1701.0190 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:25:44 ### Novel Multiple Criteria Decision Making Methods Based on Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets and Bipolar Neutrosophic Graphs Authors: Muhammad Akram, Musavarah Sarwar Comments: 20 Pages. In this research study, we introduce the concept of bipolar neutrosophic graphs. We present the dominating and independent sets of bipolar neutrosophic graphs. We describe novel multiple criteria decision making methods based on bipolar neutrosophic sets and bipolar neutrosophic graphs. We also develop an algorithm for computing domination in bipolar neutrosophic graphs. Category: General Mathematics [1978] viXra:1701.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:26:45 ### N-Valued Reﬁned Neutrosophic Soft Set Theory Authors: Shawkat Alkhazaleh Comments: 6 Pages. In this paper as a generalization of neutrosophic soft set we introduce the concept of n-valued reﬁned neutrosophic soft set and study some of its properties. We also, deﬁne its basic operations, complement, union intersection, "AND" and "OR" and study their properties. Category: General Mathematics [1977] viXra:1701.0188 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:29:06 ### N-Valued Reﬁned Neutrosophic Soft Sets and Its Applications in Decision Making Problems and Medical Diagnosis Authors: Shawkat Alkhazaleh Comments: 12 Pages. In this work we use the concept of a n-valued reﬁned neutrosophic soft sets and its properties to solve decision making problems, Also a similarity measure between two n-valued reﬁned neutrosophic soft sets are proposed. Category: General Mathematics [1976] viXra:1701.0187 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:30:51 ### On a Q-Smarandache Fuzzy Commutative Ideal of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra Authors: Husein Hadi Abbass, Qasim Mohsin Luhaib Comments: 11 Pages. In this paper, the notions of Q-Smarandache fuzzy commutative ideal and Q-Smarandache fuzzy sub-commutative ideal of a Q-Smarandache BH-Algebra are introduced, examples and related properties are investigated. Also, the relationships among these notions and other types of Q-Smarandache fuzzy ideal of a Q-Smarandache BH-Algebra are studied. Category: General Mathematics [1975] viXra:1701.0186 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:31:47 ### On a Q- Smarandache Implicative Ideal with Respect to an Element of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra Authors: Husein Hadi Abbass, Hayder Kareem Gatea Comments: 9 Pages. In this paper, we define the concept of a Q-Smarandache implicative ideal with respect to an element of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra. We state and prove some theorems which determine the relationships among this notion and other types of ideals of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra. Category: General Mathematics [1974] viXra:1701.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:38:43 ### On Neutrosophic Normal Soft Groups Authors: Tuhin Bera, Nirmal Kumar Mahapatra Comments: 20 Pages. The concepts of neutrosophic normal soft group,neutrosophic soft cosets, neutrosophic soft homomorphism are introduced and illustrated by suitable examples in this paper. Several related properties and structural characteristics are investigated. Some of their basic theorems are also established. Category: General Mathematics [1973] viXra:1701.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:39:55 ### On Neutrosophic Soft Function Authors: Tuhin Bera, Nirmal Kumar Mahapatra Comments: 19 Pages. In this paper, the cartesian product and the relations on neutrosophic soft sets have been deﬁned in a new approach. Some properties of this concept have been discussed and veriﬁed with suitable real life examples. Category: General Mathematics [1972] viXra:1701.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:40:54 ### On Neutrosophic Submodules of a Module Authors: Vildan Cetkin, Banu Pazar Varol, Halis Aygun Comments: 9 Pages. The target of this study is to observe some of the algebraic structures of a single valued neutrosophic set. So, we introduce the concept of a neutrosophic submodule of a given classical module and investigate some of the crucial properties and characterizations of the proposed concept. Category: General Mathematics [1971] viXra:1701.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:41:41 ### On Parallel Curves Via Parallel Transport Frame in Euclidean 3-Space Authors: Muhammed T. Sariaydin, Vedat Asil Comments: 7 Pages. In this paper, we study the parallel curve of a space curve according to parallel transport frame. Then, we obtain new results according to some cases of this curve by using parallel transport frame in Euclidean 3-space. Additionally, we give new examples for this characterizations and we illustrate this examples in gures. Category: General Mathematics [1970] viXra:1701.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:44:32 ### On Pseudospherical Smarandache Curves in Minkowski 3-Space Authors: Esra Betul Koc Ozturk, Ufuk Ozturk, Kazim Ilarslan, Emilija Nešovic Comments: 15 Pages. In this paper we define nonnull and null pseudospherical Smarandache curves according to the Sabban frame of a spacelike curve lying on pseudosphere in Minkowski 3-space. Category: General Mathematics [1969] viXra:1701.0179 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:46:08 ### On Solutions of Some of Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, Speciﬁcally on the Distribution of Primes Authors: Ahmad Sabihi Comments: 19 Pages. We solve some famous conjectures on the distribution of primes. These conjectures are to be listed as Legendre’s, Andrica’s, Oppermann’s, Brocard’s,Cramer’s, Shanks’, and ﬁve Smarandache’s conjectures. We make use of both Firoozbakht’s conjecture (which recently proved by the author) and Kourbatov’s theorem on the distribution of and gaps between consecutive primes. Category: General Mathematics [1968] viXra:1701.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:47:38 ### On The Darboux Vector Belonging To Involute Curve A Different View Authors: Süleyman SENYURT, Yasin ALTUN, Ceyda CEVAHIR Comments: 8 Pages. In this paper, we investigated special Smarandache curves in terms of Sabban frame drawn on the surface of the sphere by the unit Darboux vector of involute curve. We created Sabban frame belonging to this curve. It was explained Smarandache curves position vector is composed by Sabban vectors belonging to this curve. Then, we calculated geodesic curvatures of this Smarandache curves. Found results were expressed depending on the base curve. We also gave example belonging to the results found. Category: General Mathematics [1967] viXra:1701.0176 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:49:38 ### Paradoxismul Economic ŞI Economia MESONICĂ Authors: Gheorghe Săvoiu, Vasile Dinu Comments: 23 Pages. Structura articolului reuneşte trei secţiuni majore, urmând demersul general al impactului paradoxurilor în cadrul teoriei economice. O primă secţiune descrie o necesară investigaţie în universul sintetizat al paradoxurilor, pentru a valorifica taxonomia paradoxurilor lui Quine şi a releva importanţa paradoxului cu adevărat paraconsistent, delimitând relativ şi inovativ paradoxismul economic in sensul excesului valorificării creative a paradoxurilor din arealul ştiinţific, aşa cum l-a iniţiat matematicianul şi logicianul Florentin Smarandache. Category: General Mathematics [1966] viXra:1701.0174 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:51:46 ### Performance Еvaluation of Тracking Аlgorithm Incorporating Attribute Data Processing Via DSmT Authors: Jean Dezert, Albena Tchamova, L. Bojilov, Pavlina Konstantinova Comments: 5 Pages. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of the quality of attribute data source on the performance of a target tracking algorithm. An array of dense scenarios arranged according to the distance between closely spaced targets is studied by different confusion matrices. Category: General Mathematics [1965] viXra:1701.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 12:53:14 ### PID Tuning with Neutrosophic Similarity Measure Authors: Mehmet Serhat Can, Omerul Faruk Ozguven Comments: 15 Pages. In this paper, a method for adjusting the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) coefﬁcients based on the neutrosophic similarity measure is proposed. First, rough PID coefﬁcients were determined by the Ziegler– Nichols method, and the upper and lower limit values for the search range of the PID coefﬁcients were determined. Category: General Mathematics [1964] viXra:1701.0170 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:00:35 ### Q-Single Valued Neutrosophic Soft Sets Authors: Tahir Mahmood, Qaisar Khan, Mohsin Ali Khan Comments: 16 Pages. In this paper, we have introduced the concept of Q-single value neutrosophic soft set, multi Qsingle valued neutrosophic set and defined some basic results and related properties. We have also defined the idea of Q-single valued neutrosophic soft set, which is the genralizations of Q-fuzzy set, Q-intuitionistic fuzzy set, multi Q-fuzzy set , Multi Q-intuitionistic fuzzy set, Q-fuzzy soft set, Q-intuitionistic fuzzy soft set. We have also defined and discussed some properties and operations of Q-single valued neutrosophic soft set. Category: General Mathematics [1963] viXra:1701.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:01:40 ### Quantitative Analysis of Particles Segregation Authors: Ting Peng, Aiping Qu, Xiaoling Wang Comments: 7 Pages. Segregation is a popular phenomenon. It has considerable eﬀects on material performance. To the author’s knowledge, there is still no automated objective Quantitative indicator for segregation. In order to full ﬁll this task, segregation of particles is analyzed. Edges of the particles are extracted from the digital picture. Then, the whole picture of particles is splintered to small rectangles with the same shape. Category: General Mathematics [1962] viXra:1701.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:02:22 ### Recognition and Classification of Ancient Dwellings based on Elastic Grid and GLCM Authors: Yang-Fan, Shen Lai-xin Comments: 12 Pages. Rectangle algorithm is designed to extract ancient dwellings from village satellite images according to their pixel features and shape features. For these unrecognized objects, we need to distinguish them by further extracting texture features of them. In order to get standardized sample, three pre-process operations including rotating operation, scaling operation, and clipping operation are designed to unify their sizes and directions. Category: General Mathematics [1961] viXra:1701.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:06:49 ### Research on Dynamic Targets Tracking Based on Color Cues Under Complicated Scene Authors: Yi Wang, Yingwu Fang, Xinyu Da, Shuxin Chen, Hui Wang Comments: 6 Pages. Compared with DST, DSmT can be good evidence of contradictions to resolve the issue of evidence portfolios, In view of the occluding in tracking dynamic targets in complex background, a new anti-occluding target tracking algorithm based on DSmT and particle filter is proposed by color cues. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and practicable in tracking occluded target and intersected target. Compared with the existing combination rules, the newly proposed rule is applied to both cases of conflicting and coincidence. Category: General Mathematics [1960] viXra:1701.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:08:18 ### Research Project Evaluation and Selection: an Evidential Reasoning Rule-Based Method for Aggregating Peer Review Information with Reliabilities Authors: Wei-dong Zhu, Fang Liu, Yu-wang Chen, Jian-bo Yang, Dong-ling Xu, Dong-peng Wang Comments: 22 Pages. Research project evaluation and selection is mainly concerned with evaluating a number of research projects and then choosing some of them for implementation. It involves a complex multiple-experts multiple-criteria decision making process. Category: General Mathematics [1959] viXra:1701.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:09:14 ### Rough Bipolar Neutrosophic Set Authors: Surapati Pramanik, Kalyan Mondal Comments: 11 Pages. Bipolar neutrosophic set theory and rough neutrosophic set theory are emerging as powerful tool for dealing with uncertainty, and indeterminate, incomlete, and inprecise information. In the present study we develop a hybrid structure called “rough bipoar neutrsophic set”. In the study, we define rough bipoar neutrsophic set and define union, complement, intersection and containment of rough bipolar neutrosophic sets. Category: General Mathematics [1958] viXra:1701.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:10:06 ### Rough Neutrosophic Relation on Two Universal Sets Authors: I. Arockiarani, C. Antony Crispin Sweety Comments: 14 Pages. In this paper, we define the rough neutrosophic relation of two universe sets and study the algebraic properties of two rough neutrosophic relations that are interesting in the theory of rough sets. Finally, we present the similarity rough neutrosophic relation with an example. Category: General Mathematics [1957] viXra:1701.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:12:18 ### Segmentation of Breast Masses in Local Dense Background using Adaptive Clip Limit-CLAHE Authors: Shelda Sajeev, Mariusz, Gobert Lee Comments: 9 Pages. Segmentation of Breast Masses in Local Dense Background using Adaptive Clip Limit-CLAHE. Category: General Mathematics [1956] viXra:1701.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:13:15 ### Selection of Lead-Zinc Flotation Circuit Design by Applying Waspas Method with Single-Valued Neutrosophic Set Authors: Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Romualdas Baušys, Dragisa Stanujkic, Marija Magdalinovic-Kalinovic Comments: 8 Pages. In this paper, selection of adequate circuit design of lead-zinc froth flotation, which has a significant impact on the processing costs and useful minerals utilization, is considered. Category: General Mathematics [1955] viXra:1701.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:16:50 ### Similarity Measures of Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets and Their Application to Multiple Criteria Decision Making Authors: Vakkas Ulucay, Irfan Deli, Mehmet Sahin Comments: 10 Pages. In this paper, we introduced some similarity measures for bipolar neutrosophic sets such as; Dice similarity measure, weighted Dice similarity measure, Hybrid vector similarity measure and weighted Hybrid vector similarity measure. Category: General Mathematics [1954] viXra:1701.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:19:06 ### Simpliﬁed Neutrosophic Linguistic Multi-criteria Group Decision-Making Approach to Green Product Development Authors: Zhang-peng Tian, Jing Wang, Jian-qiang Wang, Hong-yu Zhang Comments: 31 Pages. For many companies, green product development has become a key strategic consideration due to regulatory requirements and market trends. In this paper, the life cycle assessment technique is used to develop an innovative multi-criteria group decision-making approach that incorporates power aggregation operators and a TOPSIS-based QUALIFLEX method in order to solve green product design selection problems using neutrosophic linguistic information. Category: General Mathematics [1953] viXra:1701.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:19:54 ### Single-Valued Neutrosophic Graph Structures Authors: Muhammad Akram, Muzzamal Sitara Comments: 9 Pages. A graph structure is a generalization of undirected graph which is quite useful in studying some structures, including graphs and signed graphs. In this research paper, we apply the idea of single-valued neutrosophic sets to graph structure, and explore some interesting properties of single-valued neutrosophic graph structure. We also discuss the concept of φ-complement of single-valued neutrosophic graph structure. Category: General Mathematics [1952] viXra:1701.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:21:51 ### Smarandache BE-Algebra Authors: A. Borumand Saeid, A. Ahadpanah, L.Torkzadeh Comments: 9 Pages. In this article we define theSmarandache BE-Algebra. Category: General Mathematics [1951] viXra:1701.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:27:11 ### Smarandache's Concurent Lines Theorem Authors: M. Khoshnevian Comments: 7 Pages. In this paper we present the Smarandache's Concurent Lines Theorem in the geometry of polygon. Category: General Mathematics [1950] viXra:1701.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:29:01 ### Smarandache Curves According to Sabban Frame of Fixed Pole Curve Belonging to the Bertrand Curves Pair Authors: Süleyman Şenyurt, Yasin Altun, Ceyda Cevahir Comments: 5 Pages. In this paper, we investigate the Smarandache curves according to Sabban frame of ﬁxed pole curve which drawn by the unit Darboux vector of the Bertrand partner curve. Some results have been obtained. These results were expressed as the depends Bertrand curve. Category: General Mathematics [1949] viXra:1701.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:32:14 ### Smarandache Curves in the Galilean 4-Space G 4 Authors: M. Elzawy, S. Mosa Comments: 4 Pages. In this paper,we study Smarandache curves in the 4-dimensional Galilean space G4. We obtain Frenet Serret invariants for the Smarandache curve in G4. Category: General Mathematics [1948] viXra:1701.0146 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:37:19 ### An Example of a Smarandache Geometry Authors: Ion Patrascu Comments: 6 Pages. An example of a Smarandache geometry. Category: General Mathematics [1947] viXra:1701.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:40:12 ### Some Algebraic Properties of Picture Fuzzy T-Norms and Picture Fuzzy T – Conorms on Standard Neutrosophic Sets Authors: Bui Cong Cuong, Roan Thi Ngan, Le Chi Ngoc Comments: 20 Pages. In 2013 we introduced a new notion of picture fuzzy sets (PFS), which are direct extensions of the fuzzy sets and the intuitonistic fuzzy sets. Category: General Mathematics [1946] viXra:1701.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:41:00 ### Some Characterizations of Smarandache Special Definite Groups Authors: P.A.Hummadi, H.M.Yassin Comments: 7 Pages. In this paper, we study Smarandache special definite groups. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a group to be Smarandache special definite group(S-special definite group). Moreover we study Smarandache special definite subgroups, Smarandache special definite maximal ideals, Smarandache special definite minmal ideals. Category: General Mathematics [1945] viXra:1701.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 13:44:11 ### Special Smarandache Curves in R Authors: Nurten Gurses, Ozcan Bektas‚ Salim Yuce Comments: 18 Pages. In differential geometry, there are many important consequences and properties of curves studied by some authors [1, 2, 3]. Researchers always introduce some new curves by using the existing studies. Category: General Mathematics [1944] viXra:1701.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:25:38 ### Approaches for Combination of Interval-Valued Belief Structures Authors: Sun Wei-cha, Xu Ai-qiang, J. Wen-hui Comments: 9 Pages. Approaches for Combination of Interval-Valued Belief Structures. Category: General Mathematics [1943] viXra:1701.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:27:57 ### Approaches for Managing Uncertainty in Learning Management Systems Authors: Nouran M. Radwan, M. Badr Senousy, Alaa El Din M. Riad Comments: 10 Pages. The notion of uncertainty in expert systems is dealing with vague data, incomplete information, and imprecise knowledge. Different uncertainty types which are imprecision, vagueness, ambiguity, and inconsistence need different handling models. Category: General Mathematics [1942] viXra:1701.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:29:31 ### A Projection-Based Todim Method Under Multi-Valued Neutrosophic Environments and Its Application in Personnel Selection Authors: Pu Ji, Hong-yu Zhang, Jian-qiang Wang Comments: 14 Pages. The personnel selection is a vital activity for companies, and multi-valued neutrosophic sets (MVNSs) can denote the fuzziness and hesitancy in the processes of the personnel selection. Category: General Mathematics [1941] viXra:1701.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:33:47 ### A Ranking Method of Single Valued Neutrosophic Numbers and Its Applications to Multi-Attribute Decision Making Problems Authors: I. Deli, Y. Şubaş Comments: 14 Pages. The concept of a single valued neutrosophic number (SVN-number) is of importance for quantifying an ill-known quantity and the ranking of SVN-numbers is a very difﬁcult problem in multi-attribute decision making problems. Category: General Mathematics [1940] viXra:1701.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:35:36 ### A Study on Neutrosophic Graphs Authors: M.Rajeswari, J.Parveen Banu Comments: 9 Pages. In this paper, we are study about some basic definitions related to Graphs and Neutrosophic graphs. Some properties for the neutrosophic graphs associated with the Neutrosophic bigraphs. By applying some neutrosophic cognitive map and techniques in Neutrosophic models. Category: General Mathematics [1939] viXra:1701.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:36:53 ### A Survey on Trust Modeling Authors: Jin-Hee Cho, Kevin Chan, Sibel Adali Comments: 40 Pages. The concept of trust and/or trust management has received considerable attention in engineering research communities as trust is perceived as the basis for decision making in many contexts and the motivation for maintaining long-term relationships based on cooperation and collaboration. Category: General Mathematics [1938] viXra:1701.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:38:28 ### A Survey on Various Approaches to Fingerprint Matching for Personal Verification and Identification Authors: Shoba Dyre, C.P. Sumathi Comments: 17 Pages. Automatic Fingerprint authentication for personal identification and verification has received considerable attention over the past decades among various biometric techniques because of the distinctiveness and persistence properties of fingerprints. Category: General Mathematics [1937] viXra:1701.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:39:42 ### A Unified Framework for Human Activity Detection and Recognition for Video Surveillance Using Dezert Smarandache Theory. Authors: Srilatha V., Veeramuthu Venkatesh Comments: 7 Pages. Trustworthy contextual data of human action recognition of remotely monitored person who requires medical care should be generated to avoid hazardous situation and also to provide ubiquitous services in home-based care. It is difficult for numerous reasons. At first level, the data obtained from heterogeneous source have different level of uncertainty. Category: General Mathematics [1936] viXra:1701.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:41:02 ### Automatic Liver Tumor Segmentation on Computed Tomography for Patient Treatment Planning and Monitoring Authors: Mehrdad Moghbel, Syamsiah Mashohor, Rozi Mahmud, M. Iqbal Bin Saripan Comments: 18 Pages. Segmentation of liver tumors from Computed Tomography (CT) and tumor burden analysis play an important role in the choice of therapeutic strategies for liver diseases and treatment monitoring. In this paper, a new segmentation method for liver tumors from contrast-enhanced CT imaging is proposed. Category: General Mathematics [1935] viXra:1701.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:43:57 ### Basic Properties Of Second Smarandache Bol Loops Authors: Temitope Gbolahan Jaiyeola Comments: 10 Pages. The basic properties of S2ndBLs are studied. These properties are all Smarandache in nature. The results in this work generalize the basic properties of Bol loops, found in the Ph.D. thesis of D. A. Robinson. Some questions for further studies are raised. Category: General Mathematics [1934] viXra:1701.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:47:02 ### Biological N-System with Global Stability Authors: Linfan Mao Comments: 28 Pages. However, even if it is non-solvable, it charac terizes biological systems also if it can be classiﬁed into solvable subsystems. The main purpose of this paper is to characterize the biological behavior of such systems with global stability by a combinatorial approach, i.e., establish the relationship between solvable subsystems of a biological n-system with Eulerian subgraphs of la beling bi-digraph of→ G, characterize n-system with linear growth rate and the global stability on subgraphs. Category: General Mathematics [1933] viXra:1701.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 08:49:03 ### Bipolar Neutrosophic Refined Sets and Their Applications in Medical Diagnosis Authors: I. Deli, Y. Şubaş Comments: 12 Pages. This paper proposes concept of bipolar neutrosophic refined set and its some operations. Firstly, a score certainty and accuracy function to compare the bipolar neutrosophic refined information is defined. Secondly, to aggregate the bipolar neutrosophic refined information, a bipolar neutrosophic refined weighted average operator and a bipolar neutrosophic refined weighted geometric operator is developed. Category: General Mathematics [1932] viXra:1701.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 08:50:11 ### Bipolar Neutrosophic Soft Expert Sets Authors: Mehmet Şahin, İrfan Deli, Vakkas Uluçay Comments: 10 Pages. In this paper, we introduce concept of bipolar neutrosophic soft expert set and its some operations. Also, we propose score, certainty and accuracy functions to compare the bipolar neutrosophic soft expert sets. We give examples for these concepts. Category: General Mathematics [1931] viXra:1701.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 08:51:45 ### Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Hybrid of Both Netrosopic Modified Nonlocal Fuzzy C-Mean and Modified Level Sets Authors: Shaima Elnazer, Mohamed Morsy, Mohy Eldin A.Abo-Elsoud Comments: 7 Pages. An improved segmentation approach based on Neutrosophic sets (NS) and Modified Non local Fuzzy c-mean clustering (NLFCM) is proposed. The brain tumor MRI image is transformed into NS domain, which is described using three subsets namely; the percentage of truth in a subset T%, the percentage of indeterminacy in a subset I% , and the percentage of falsity in a subset F%. Category: General Mathematics [1930] viXra:1701.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 08:52:53 ### Broken Lines Signals and Smarandache Stepped Functions Authors: Mircea Eugen Şelariu Comments: 11 Pages. The evolutive supermathematical functions (FSM ─ Ev) are discussed in the papers [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8].They are combinations of the four types of FSM (centric functions (FC), excentric functions (FE), elevated functions (FEl) and exotic functions (FEx), taken by two, called centricoexcentric functions, elevatoexotic functions, centricoelevated functions, and so forth). Category: General Mathematics [1929] viXra:1701.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 08:55:39 ### Causal Models and Exploratory Analysis in Heterogeneous Information Fusion for Detecting Potential Terrorists Authors: Paul K. Davis, David Manheim, Walter L. Perry, John S. Hollywood Comments: 24 Pages. We describe research fusing heterogeneous information in an effort eventually to detect terrorists, reduce false alarms, and exonerate those falsely identified. The specific research is more humble, using synthetic data and first versions of fusion methods. Both the information and the fusion methods are subject to deep uncertainty. Category: General Mathematics [1928] viXra:1701.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 08:56:31 ### Certain Networks Models Using Single-valued Neutrosophic Directed Hypergraphs Authors: Muhammad Akram, Anam Luqman Comments: 20 Pages. A directed hypergraph is powerful tool to solve the problems that arises in diﬀerent ﬁelds, including computer networks, social networks and collaboration networks. In this research paper, we apply the concept of single-valued neutrosophic sets to directed hypergraphs. Category: General Mathematics [1927] viXra:1701.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 08:58:17 ### Change Detection by New DSmT Decision Rule and Icm with Constraints :Application to Argan Land Cover Authors: Azeddine Elhassouny, Souﬁane Idbraim, Driss Mammass, Danielle Ducrot Comments: 6 Pages. The objective of this work is, in the ﬁrst place, the integration in a fusion process using hybrid DSmT model, both, the contextual information obtained from a supervised ICM classiﬁcation with constraints and the temporal information with the use of two images taken at two different dates. Category: General Mathematics [1926] viXra:1701.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 08:59:21 ### Characterization of Smarandache-Soft Neutrosophic Near-Ring by Soft Neutrosophic Quasi-Ideals Authors: N. Kannappa, B. Fairosekani Comments: 6 Pages. In this paper, we introduce the Smarandache-2-algebraic structure of soft neutrosophic near-ring, namely Smarandache-soft neutrosophic near-ring. Category: General Mathematics [1925] viXra:1701.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:03:57 ### Characterization of Weak Bi-Ideals in Bi-Near Rings Authors: S. Maharasi, V. Mahalakshmi, S. Jayalakshmi Comments: 10 Pages. In this paper, with a new idea, we define weak bi-ideal and investigate some of its properties. We characterize weak bi-ideal by biideals of bi-near ring. Category: General Mathematics [1924] viXra:1701.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:05:05 ### Classiﬁcation multi­échelle d’images à très haute Résolution spatiale basée sur une nouvelle approche Texturale Authors: Alexandre Delahaye Comments: 159 Pages. Face à l’accroissement de la résolution spatiale des capteurs optiques satellitaires, de nouvelles stratégies doivent être développées pour classifier les images de télédétection. Category: General Mathematics [1923] viXra:1701.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:06:23 ### Combination of Uncertain Ordinal Expert Statements: the Combination Rule Eidmr and Its Application to Low-Voltage Grid Classiﬁcation with SVM Authors: Sebastian Breker, Bernhard Sick Comments: 10 Pages. The use of expert knowledge is always more or less afﬂicted with uncertainties for many reasons: Expert knowledge may be imprecise, imperfect, or erroneous, for instance. Category: General Mathematics [1922] viXra:1701.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:08:25 ### Concatenated Problems Authors: Henry Ibstedt Comments: 21 Pages. This study has been inspired by questions asked by Ch. Ashbacher in the Journal of Recreational Maathematics. Category: General Mathematics [1921] viXra:1701.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:29:04 ### Context Assumptions for Threat Assessment Systems Authors: Steven A. Israel, Erik Blasch Comments: 26 Pages. Decision support systems enable users to quickly assess data, but they require signiﬁcant resources to develop and are often relevant to limited domains. This chapter identiﬁes the implicit assumptions that require contextual analysis for decision support systems to be effective for providing a relevant threat assessment. Category: General Mathematics [1920] viXra:1701.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:32:34 ### Context-dependent Combination of Sensor Information in Dempster-Shafer Theory for BDI Authors: Sarah Calderwood, Kevin McAreavey, Weiru Liu, Jun Hong Comments: 26 Pages. There has been much interest in the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agentbased model for developing scalable intelligent systems, e.g. using the AgentSpeak framework. However, reasoning from sensor information in these large-scale systems remains a signiﬁcant challenge. Category: General Mathematics [1919] viXra:1701.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:34:10 ### Correlated Aggregation Operators for Simpliﬁed Neutrosophic Set and Their Application in Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making Authors: Chunfang Liua, YueSheng Luo Comments: 7 Pages. The simpliﬁed neutrosophic set (SNS) is a generalization of the fuzzy set that is designed for some incomplete, uncertain and inconsistent situations in which each element has different truth membership, indeterminacy membership and falsity membership functions. Category: General Mathematics [1918] viXra:1701.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:36:18 ### Correlation Coefficient of Simplified Neutrosophic Sets for Bearing Fault Diagnosis Authors: Lilian Shi Comments: 17 Pages. In order to process the vagueness in vibration fault diagnosis of rolling bearing, a new correlation coefficient of simplified neutrosophic sets (SNSs) is proposed. Vibration signals of rolling bearings are acquired by an acceleration sensor, and a morphological filter is used to reduce the noise effect. Category: General Mathematics [1917] viXra:1701.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:37:36 ### Correlation Coefﬁcient of Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets and Its Applications in Decision Making Authors: Rıdvan Sahin, Peide Liu Comments: 9 Pages. As a combination of the hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) and the single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS), the single-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set (SVNHFS) is an important concept to handle uncertain and vague information existing in real life, which consists of three membership functions including hesitancy, as the truthhesitancy membership function, the indeterminacy-hesitancy membership function and the falsity-hesitancy membership function, and encompasses the fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS), HFS, dual hesitant fuzzy set (DHFS) and SVNS. Correlation and correlation coefﬁcient have been applied widely in many research domains and practical ﬁelds. Category: General Mathematics [1916] viXra:1701.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:38:36 ### Correlation Coeﬃcients of Interval Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets and Its Application in a Multiple Attribute Decision Making Method Authors: Jun YE Comments: 24 Pages. This paper proposes the concept of an interval neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set (INHFS) and the operational relations of INHFSs. Then, we develop correlation coeﬃcients of INHFSs and investigate the relation between the similarity measures and the correlation coeﬃcients. Category: General Mathematics [1915] viXra:1701.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:43:16 ### Cosine Similarity Measures of Neutrosophic Soft Set Authors: I. R. Sumathi, I.Arockiarani Comments: 10 Pages. In this paper we have introduced the concept of cosine similarity measures for neutrosophic soft set and interval valued neutrosophic soft set.An application is given to show its practicality and eﬀectiveness. Category: General Mathematics [1914] viXra:1701.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:45:00 ### Cross-Entropy and Prioritized Aggregation Operator with Simpliﬁed Neutrosophic Sets and Their Application in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Problems Authors: Xiao-hui Wu, Jian-qiang Wang, Juan-juan Peng, Xiao-hong Chen Comments: 13 Pages. Simpliﬁed neutrosophic sets (SNSs) can effectively solve the uncertainty problems, especially those involving the indeterminate and inconsistent information. Considering the advantages of SNSs, a new approach for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems is developed under the simpliﬁed neutrosophic environment. Category: General Mathematics [1913] viXra:1701.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:46:24 ### Decision-Making with Belief Interval Distance Authors: Jean Dezert, Deqiang Han, Jean-Marc Tacnet, Simon Carladous, Yi Yang Comments: 9 Pages. In this paper we propose a new general method for decisionmaking under uncertainty based on the belief interval distance. We show through several simple illustrative examples how this method works and its ability to provide reasonable results. Category: General Mathematics [1912] viXra:1701.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:48:11 ### Designing an Approach to Building the Teams of High Technological Projects Performers at Virtual Instrumentmaking Enterprises Authors: A. Sobchak, E. Shostak, T. Tseplyaeva, O. Popova, A. Firsova Comments: 8 Pages. Under conditions of post-industrial society, a steady trend is the formation and support of the functioning of virtual instrument-making enterprises (VIE) in the field of high technologies. Category: General Mathematics [1911] viXra:1701.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:51:13 ### Design of the Neutrosophic Membership Valued Fuzzy-PID Controller and Rotation Angle Control of a Permanent Magnet Direct Current Motor Authors: Mehmet Serhat CAN, Ömerül Faruk ÖZGÜVEN Comments: 13 Pages. In this paper, we propose a method based on the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) method, created by using neutrosophic membership values. This method is named as proportional integral derivative-neutrosophic valued fuzzy logic controller (PID-NFLC). Category: General Mathematics [1910] viXra:1701.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:52:40 ### Dezert- Smarandache Theory based Classification of EMG Signals Authors: Preeti Meena, Malti Bnasal Comments: 6 Pages. This research paper proposes an intellectual method for the classification of different types of Electromyography (EMG) signals like normal, myopathy and neuropathy signals. Inside the human body, contraction of muscles and nerves occur at every second. Category: General Mathematics [1909] viXra:1701.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:53:45 ### Double-Valued Neutrosophic Sets, their Minimum Spanning Trees, and Clustering Algorithm Authors: Ilanthenral Kandasamy Comments: 20 Pages. Neutrosophy (neutrosophic logic) is used to represent uncertain, indeterminate, and inconsistent information available in the real world. Category: General Mathematics [1908] viXra:1701.0095 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:56:04 ### Driver Behavior Assessment Based on the G-G Diagram in the Dve System Authors: Oussama Derbel, Rene Jr. Landry Comments: 6 Pages. This paper proposes a driving risk model based on the information given from the driver-vehicle-enviroment entities. Category: General Mathematics [1907] viXra:1701.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:57:19 ### DSm Evidence Modeling and Radar Emitter Fusion Recognition Method Based on Cloud Model Authors: Guo Qiang, He You Comments: 7 Pages. To improve the correct radar emitter recognition rate in cases that radar emitter characteristic parameters are overlapped with each other and existence of multiple modes, a DSm (Dezert-Smarandache) evidence modeling and radar emitter fusion recognition method based on cloud model is proposed. Category: General Mathematics [1906] viXra:1701.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 09:59:09 ### Dual Curves of Constant Breadth According to Bishop Frame in Dual Euclidean Space Authors: Suha Yılmaz, Umit Ziya Savcı Comments: 4 Pages. In this work, curves of constant breadth are deﬁned and some characterizations of closed dual curves of constant breadth according to Bishop frame are presented in dual Euclidean space. Also, it has been obtained that a third order vectorial differential equation in dual Euclidean 3-space. Category: General Mathematics [1905] viXra:1701.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:01:00 ### Dual Smarandache Curves of a Timelike Curve lying on Unit dual Lorentzian Sphere Authors: Tanju Kahraman, Hasan Hüseyin Ugurlu Comments: 13 Pages. In this paper, we give Darboux approximation for dual Smarandache curves of time like curve on unit dual Lorentzian sphere. Category: General Mathematics [1904] viXra:1701.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:02:17 ### Econometric Micro and Macroeconomic Modelling in Romania:finding Simplicity in Complexity and Generating Statistical Simplexity Authors: Gheorghe Săvoiu, Vasile Dinu, Emilia Gogu, Hosney Zurub Comments: 16 Pages. This paper describes, in its introduction, its main objective and some of its investigative premises,emphasizing the need to address micro- and macroeconomic models using the major principles of statistical thinking. Category: General Mathematics [1903] viXra:1701.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:04:18 ### EfﬁcientProcessingofUncertainDataUsingDezert-SmarandacheTheory: ACaseStudy Authors: Hossein Jafari, Xiangfang Li, Lijun Qian Comments: 8 Pages. Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) of plausible and paradoxical reasoning has excellent performance when the data contain uncertainty or conﬂicting. Category: General Mathematics [1902] viXra:1701.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:06:01 ### Enhanced Fuzzy C-Means Based Segmentation Technique for Brain Magnetic Resonance Images Authors: A.S. Shankar, A. Asokan, D. Sivakumar Comments: 9 Pages. Brain tumor is most vital disease which commonly penetrates in the human beings. Studies based on brain tumor confirm that people affected by brain tumors die due to their erroneous detection. In this paper, an enhancedFuzzy C- Means segmentation (FCM) technique is proposed for detecting brain tumor. Category: General Mathematics [1901] viXra:1701.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:09:09 ### Evaluation of Efﬁciency of Torrential Protective Structures With New BF-TOPSIS Methods Authors: Simon Carladous, Jean-Marc Tacnet, Jean Dezert, Deqiang Han, Mireille Batton-Hubert Comments: 8 Pages. Real life Decision-Making Problems (DMPs) depend on several criteria for which precise or imperfect evaluation can be provided. Economic aspects are also of main importance to compare and choose strategies or measures. For instance, in mountainous areas, risk managers must rank several protective actions against torrential ﬂoods to choose the best one. Category: General Mathematics [1900] viXra:1701.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:10:02 ### Exponential Operations And aggregation Operators Of interval Neutrosophic Sets And their Decision Making Methods Authors: Yun Ye Comments: 18 Pages. An interval neutrosophic set (INS) is a subclass of a neutrosophic set and a generalization of an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set, and then the characteristics of INS are independently described by the interval numbers of its truth-membership, indeterminacy-membership, and falsity-membership degrees. Category: General Mathematics [1899] viXra:1701.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:14:23 ### Fault and Event Tree Analyses for Process Systems Risk Analysis: Uncertainty Handling Formulations Authors: Refaul Ferdous, Faisal Khan, Rehan Sadiq, Paul Amyotte, Brian Veitch Comments: 22 Pages. Process systems in chemical engineering are infamous for fugitive emissions, toxic releases, ﬁre and explosions, and operation disruptions. These incidents have considerable potential to cause an accident and incur environmental and property damage, economic loss, sickness, injury, or death of workers in the vicinity. Category: General Mathematics [1898] viXra:1701.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:15:43 ### Fault Diagnoses of Hydraulic Turbine Using the Dimension Root Similarity Measure of Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets Authors: Yun Ye Comments: 14 Pages. This paper proposes a dimension root distance and its similarity measure of single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs), and then develops the fault diagnosis method of hydraulic turbine by using the dimension root similarity measure of SVNSs. Category: General Mathematics [1897] viXra:1701.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:18:45 ### Fingerprint Quality Assessment: Matching Performanceand Image Quality Authors: Zhigang Yao, Jean-Marie Le Bars, Christophe Charrier, Christophe Rosenberger Comments: 18 Pages. This article chieﬂy focuses on Fingerprint Quality Assessment(FQA)applied to the Automatic Fingerprint Identiﬁcation System (AFIS). In our research work, different FQA solutions proposed so far are compared by using several quality metrics selected from the existing studies. Category: General Mathematics [1896] viXra:1701.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:20:43 ### Foundation For Neutrosophic Mathematical Morphology Authors: E.M.El-Nakeeb, Hewayda El Ghawalby, A.A.Salama, S.A.El-Hafeez Comments: 23 Pages. The aim in this paper is to introduce a new approach to mathematical morphology based on neutrosophic set theory. Basic definitions for neutrosophic morphological operations are extracted and a study of its algebraic properties is presented. In our work we demonstrate that neutrosophic morphological operations inherit properties and restrictions of fuzzy mathematical morphology. Category: General Mathematics [1895] viXra:1701.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:23:09 ### Fusion of Multimodal Biometrics using Feature and Score Level Fusion Authors: S.Mohana Prakash, P.Betty, K.Sivanarulselvan Comments: 5 Pages. Abstract-Biometrics is used to uniquely identify a person‘s individual based on physical and behavioural characteristics. Unimodal biometric system contains various problems such as degree of freedom, spoof attacks, non-universality, noisy data and error rates. Category: General Mathematics [1894] viXra:1701.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:24:55 ### Fuzzy Neutrosophic Equivalence Relations Authors: J. Martina Jency, I. Arockiarani Comments: 9 Pages. This paper introduces the concept of fuzzy neutrosophic equivalence relations and discuss some of their properties.Also we define fuzzy neutrosophic transitive closure and investigate their properties. Category: General Mathematics [1893] viXra:1701.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:27:24 ### Fuzzy Neutrosophic Relations Authors: I. Arockiarani, J. Martina Jency Comments: 14 Pages. The focus of this paper is to present the concept of fuzzy neutrosophic relations. Further we study the composition of fuzzy neutrosophic relations with the choice of t-norms and tconorms and characterize their properties. Category: General Mathematics [1892] viXra:1701.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:28:27 ### Fuzzy Neutrosophic Soft Set Measures Authors: I.R.Sumath, I.Arockiarani Comments: 7 Pages. In this paper we propose the three types of similarity measures between fuzzy neutrosophic soft sets based on value matrix of fuzzy neutrosophic soft sets. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed similarity measures through the application in decision making. Category: General Mathematics [1891] viXra:1701.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:29:19 ### Fuzzy Neutrosophic Subgroups Authors: J. Martina Jency, I.arockiarani Comments: 12 Pages. In this paper we introduce the notion of fuzzy neutrosophic subgroups. Also we obtain the fuzzy neutrosophic subgroups generated by fuzzy neutrosophic set and investigate some of their properties. Category: General Mathematics [1890] viXra:1701.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:30:31 ### Fuzzy Topsis: a General View Authors: Sorin Nadaban, Simona Dzitac, Ioan Dzitac Comments: 9 Pages. The aim of this survey paper is to oﬀer a general view of the developments of fuzzy TOPSIS methods. We begin with a literature review an we explore diﬀerent fuzzy models that have been applied to the decision making ﬁeld. Finally, we present some applications of fuzzy TOPSIS. Category: General Mathematics [1889] viXra:1701.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:31:36 ### Fuzzy Uncertainty Assessment in RBF Neural Networks Using Neutrosophic Sets for Multiclass Classiﬁcation Authors: Adrian Rubio-Solis, George Panoutsos Comments: 8 Pages. In this paper we introduce a fuzzy uncertainty assessment methodology based on Neutrosophic Sets (NS). This is achieved via the implementation of a Radial Basis Function Neural-Network (RBF-NN) for multiclass classiﬁcation that is functionally equivalent to a class of Fuzzy Logic Systems (FLS). Category: General Mathematics [1888] viXra:1701.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:39:35 ### Generalizedfibonaccisequencesin Groupoids Authors: Hee Sik Kim Neggers, Keum Sook So Comments: 10 Pages. In this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized Fibonacci sequences over a groupoid and discuss it in particular for the case where the groupoid contains idempotents and pre-idempotents.Using the notion of Smarandache-type P-algebra, we obtain several relations on groupoids which are derived from generalized Fibonacci sequences. Category: General Mathematics [1887] viXra:1701.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:41:07 ### Generalized Fuzzy Cognitive Maps: a New Extension of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Authors: Bingyi Kang, Hongming Mo, Rehan Sadiq, Yong Deng Comments: 11 Pages. A fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) is a cognitive map within the relations between the elements. FCM has been widely used in many applicati Category: General Mathematics [1886] viXra:1701.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 10:44:15 ### Genetic Algorithm Based on Similarity for Probabilistic Transformation of Belief Functions Authors: Yilin Dong, Xinde Li, Jean Dezert, Pei Li, Xianghui Li Comments: 41 Pages. Recent studies of alternative Probabilistic Transformation (PT) in Dempster Shafer (DS) theory have mainly focused on investigating various schemes for assigning the mass of compound focal elements to each singleton in order to obtain Bayesian belief function for decision making problems. Category: General Mathematics [1885] viXra:1701.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:02:46 ### A Bayesian Approach to Fusing Uncertain, Imprecise and Conﬂicting Information Authors: Simon Maskell Comments: 19 Pages. The Dezert–Smarandache theory (DSmT) and transferable belief model (TBM) both address concerns with the Bayesian methodology as spplied to applications involving the fusion of uncertain, imprecise and conﬂicting information. In this paper, we revisit these concerns regarding the Bayesian methodology in the light of recent developments in the context of the DSmT and TBM. We show that, by exploiting recent advances in the Bayesian research arena, one can devise and analyse Bayesian models that have the same emergent properties as DSmT and TBM. Speciﬁcally, we deﬁne Bayesian models that articulate uncertainty over the value of probabilities (including multimodal distributions that result from conﬂicting information) and we use a minimum expected cost criterion to facilitate making decisions that involve hypotheses that are not mutually exclusive. We outline our motivation for using the Bayesian methodology and also show that the DSmT and TBM models are computationally expedient approaches to achieving the same endpoint. Our aim is to provide a conduit between these two communities such that an objective view can be shared by advocates of all the techniques. Category: General Mathematics [1884] viXra:1701.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:06:21 ### A Clustering-Based Evidence Reasoning Method Authors: Xinde Li, Fengyu Wang Comments: 24 Pages. Aiming at the counterintuitive phenomena of the Dempster–Shafer method in combining the highly conﬂictive evidences, a combination method of evidences based on the clustering analysis is proposed in this paper. At ﬁrst, the cause of conﬂicts is disclosed from the point of view of the internal and external contradiction. Andthen,a new similarity measure based on it is proposed by comprehensively considering the Pignistic distance and the sequence according to the size of the basic belief assignments over focal elements. Category: General Mathematics [1883] viXra:1701.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:12:15 ### A Double Cryptography Using The Smarandache Keedwell Cross Inverse Quasigroup Authors: Temitope Gbolahan Jaiyeola Comments: 7 Pages. The present study further strengthens the use of the Keedwell CIPQ against attack on a system by the use of the Smarandache Keedwell CIPQ for cryptography in a similar spirit in which the cross inverse property has been used by Keedwell. This is done as follows. By constructing two S-isotopic S-quasigroups(loops) U and V such that their Smarandache automorphism groups are not trivial, it is shown that U is a SCIPQ(SCIPL) if and only if V is a SCIPQ(SCIPL). Explanations and procedures are given on how these SCIPQs can be used to double encrypt information. Category: General Mathematics [1882] viXra:1701.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:13:40 ### Aggregation Operators Of neutrosophic Linguistic Numbers For multiple Attribute Group Decision Making Authors: Yun Ye Comments: 11 Pages. Based on the concept of neutrosophic linguistic numbers (NLNs) in symbolic neutrosophic theory presented by Smarandache in 2015, the paper firstly proposes basic operational laws of NLNs and the expected value of a NLN to rank NLNs. Then, we propose the NLN weighted arithmetic average (NLNWAA) and NLN weighted geometric average (NLNWGA) operators and discuss their properties. Further, we establish a multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) method by using the NLNWAA and NLNWGA operators under NLN environment. Finally, an illustrative example on a decision-making problem of manufacturing alternatives in the flexible manufacturing system is given to show the application of the proposed MAGDM method. Category: General Mathematics [1881] viXra:1701.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:15:40 ### A Hybrid Fuzzy C-Means and Neutrosophic for Jaw Lesions Segmentation Authors: Mutasem K. Alsmadi Comments: 10 Pages. It is really important to diagnose jaw tumor in its early stages to improve its prognosis. A differential diagnosis could be performed using X-ray images; therefore, accurate and fully automatic jaw lesions image segmentation is a challenging and essential task. The aim of this work was to develop a novel, fully automatic and effective method for jaw lesions in panoramic X-ray image segmentation. The hybrid Fuzzy C-Means and Neutrosophic approach is used for segmenting jaw image and detecting the jaw lesion region in panoramic X-ray images which may help in diagnosing jaw lesions. Category: General Mathematics [1880] viXra:1701.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:18:40 ### Algorithms for Neutrosophic Soft Decision Making Based on Edas and New Similarity Measure Authors: Xindong Peng, Chong Liu Comments: 11 Pages. This paper presents two novel single-valued neutrosophic soft set (SVNSS) methods. First,we initiate a new axiomatic deﬁnition of single-valued neutrosophic simlarity measure, which is expressed by single-valued neutrosophic number (SVNN) that will reduce the information loss and remain more original information. Then, the objective weights of various parameters are determined via grey system theory. Combining objective weights with subjective weights, we present the combined weights, which can reﬂect both the subjective considerations of the decision maker and the objective information. Later, we present two algorithms to solve decision making problem based on Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) and similarity measure. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of approaches are demonstrated by a numerical example. Category: General Mathematics [1879] viXra:1701.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:22:36 ### Alternating Iterations of the Sum of Divisors Function and the Pseudo-Smarandache Function Authors: Henry Ibstedt Comments: 13 Pages. This study is an extentionof work done by Ch. Ashbacher.Iteration results have been refined in terms of invariants and loops. Category: General Mathematics [1878] viXra:1701.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:23:52 ### A Method of Disease Detection and Segmentation of Retinal Blood Vessels using Fuzzy C-Means and Neutrosophic Approach Authors: Ishmeet Kaur, Lalit Mann Singh Comments: 7 Pages. Diabetic Retinopathy is a disease which causes a menace to the eyesight. The detection of this at an early stage can aid the person from vision loss. The examination of retinal blood vessel structure can help to detect the disease, so segmentation of retinal blood vessel vasculature is important and is appreciated by the ophthalmologists. In this paper, we present the approach of blood vessel segmentation using computer intelligence by deploying fuzzy c-means and neutrosophic set. Category: General Mathematics [1877] viXra:1701.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:25:42 ### A Model for Medical Diagnosis Via Fuzzy Neutrosophic Soft Sets Authors: Yildiray Celik Comments: 9 Pages. The concept of neutrosophic soft set is a new mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainties that is free from the diﬃculties aﬀecting existing methods. The theory has rich potential for applications in several directions. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to construct the decision method for medical diagnosis by using fuzzy neutrosophic soft sets. Also, we develop a technique to diagnose which patient is suﬀering from what disease. Our data with respect to the case study has been provided by the a medical center in Ordu, Turkey. Category: General Mathematics [1876] viXra:1701.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:26:46 ### A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method Using Power Aggregation Operators for Single-valued Neutrosophic Sets Authors: Lihua Yang, Baolin Li Comments: 10 Pages. As a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets (NSs) can be better handle the incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent information, which have attracted the widespread concerns for researchers. Category: General Mathematics [1875] viXra:1701.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:28:31 ### An Adaptive Color Similarity Function Suitable for Image Segmentation and its Numerical Evaluation Authors: Rodolfo Alvarado-Cervantes, Edgardo M. Felipe-Riveron, Vladislav Khartchenko, Oleksiy Pogrebnyak Comments: 17 Pages. In this article, we present an adaptive color similarity function deﬁned in a modiﬁed hue-saturationintensity color space, which can be used directly as a metric to obtain pixel-wise segmentation of color images among other applications. The color information of every pixel is integrated as a unit by an adaptive similarity function thus avoiding color information scattering. Category: General Mathematics [1874] viXra:1701.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:32:36 ### AnAlgorithmforMedicalMagneticResonanceImage Non-LocalMeansDenoising Authors: Stefan Korolija, Eva Tuba, Milan Tuba Comments: 8 Pages. Digital images and digital image processing were widely researched in the past decades and special place in this ﬁeld have medical images. Magnetic resonance images are a very important class of medical images and their enhancement is very signiﬁcant for diagnostic process. Category: General Mathematics [1873] viXra:1701.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:34:01 ### Analysis of Side Effects of Chemotheraphy Treatment for Cancer Patients Using Neutrosophic Cognitive Graphs (NCG) Authors: .Ashit Kumar Dutta Comments: 3 Pages. Cancer is considered as a most dangerous disease in the world. The research shows that there is no medicine to cure the disease. Chemotherapy is one of the treatments to prolong the patient life time but the side effects cause more problems for the patient. Cognitive maps discovered many solutions for the complex problems. Category: General Mathematics [1872] viXra:1701.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:35:29 ### An Automatic Segmentation & Detection of Blood Vessels and Optic Disc in Retinal Images Authors: Anchal Sharma, Shaveta Rani Comments: 5 Pages. —Conceptual Segmentation is a critical technique in medical imaging. The Processes of identification and division of optic circle and veins are the fundamental strides for the analysis of a few infections that causes visual deficiency like diabetic retinopathy, hypertension, glaucoma and different visual deficiency ailment. Category: General Mathematics [1871] viXra:1701.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:38:14 ### A DSmT Approximate Reasoning Method on the Condition of Non-zero Mutiple Focal Elements Authors: Guo Qiang, He You, Guan Xin, Gai Ming-jiu. Comments: 7 Pages. A DSmT Approximate Reasoning Method on the Condition of Non-zero Mutiple Focal Elements. Category: General Mathematics [1870] viXra:1701.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:50:29 ### An Efficient Image Denoising Approach Based on Dictionary Learning Authors: Mohammadreza Karimipoor, Vahid Abolghasemi, Saideh Ferdowsi Comments: 7 Pages. In this paper, a denoising method based on dictionary learning has been proposed. With the increasing use of digital images, the methods that can remove noise based on image content and not restrictedly based on statistical properties has been widely extended. The major weakness of dictionary learning methods is that all of these methods require a long training process and a very large storage memory for storing features extracted from the training images. Category: General Mathematics [1869] viXra:1701.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:53:10 ### AnEfficientSoftSet-BasedApproachfor ConflictAnalysis Authors: Edi Sutoyo, Mungad Mungad, Suraya Hamid, Tutut Herawan Comments: 31 Pages. Conflict analysis has been used as an important tool in economic,business,governmental and political dispute, games, management negotiations, military operations and etc. Category: General Mathematics [1868] viXra:1701.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:54:33 ### An Ensemble Data Preprocessing Approach for Intrusion Detection System Using Variant Firefly and Bk-NN Techniques Authors: D. Shona, M. Senthilkumar Comments: 6 Pages. The Hasty intensification of Internet communication and accessibility of systems to infringe the network, network security has become requisite. This paper focuses on development of efficient IDS in MANET. Category: General Mathematics [1867] viXra:1701.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 05:59:26 ### An Ensemble Designof Intrusion Detection System Using for Handling Uncertainty Using Neutrosophic Logic Classifier Authors: B. Kavitha, D. Karthikeyan, P. Sheeba Maybell Comments: 9 Pages. In the real word it is a result that one most deal with uncertainty when security is concerned. Category: General Mathematics [1866] viXra:1701.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:00:59 ### A Neutrosophic Recommender System for Medical Diagnosis Based on Algebraic Neutrosophic Measures Authors: Mumtaz Ali, Nguyen Van Minh, Le Hoang Son Comments: 76 Pages. Neutrosophic set has the ability to handle uncertain, incomplete, inconsistent, indeterminate information in a more accurate way. In this paper, we proposed a neutrosophic recommender system to predict the diseases based on neutrosophic set which includes single-criterion neutrosophic recommender system (SCNRS) and multi-criterion neutrosophic recommender system (MC-NRS). Category: General Mathematics [1865] viXra:1701.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:05:13 ### An Evidence Clustering DSmT Approximate Reasoning Method Based on Convex Functtions Analysis Authors: Qiang Guo, You He, Xin Guan, Li Deng, Lina Pan, Tao Jian Comments: 11 Pages. The computetional complexity of Dezert-Smarandache Theory increases exponentially with the linear increment of element number in the discernment frame, and it limits the wide applications and development of DSmT. Category: General Mathematics [1864] viXra:1701.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:09:12 ### An Evidence Clustering DSmT Approximate Reasoning Method Based for More Than Two Sources Authors: Qiang Guo, You He, Tao Jian, Haipeng Wang, Shutao Xia Comments: 14 Pages. Due to the huge computation complexity of Dezert-Smarandache Thery, its applications especiall for multi-source (more than two sources) complex fusion problems have been limited. Category: General Mathematics [1863] viXra:1701.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:11:37 ### A New Approach for Optimization of Real Life Transportation Problem in Neutrosophic Environment Authors: A. Thamaraiselvi, R. Santhi Comments: 10 Pages. Neutrosophic sets have been introduced as a generalization of crisp sets, fuzzy sets, and intuitionistic fuzzy sets to represent uncertain,inconsistent,and incomplete information about areal world problem. For the first time, this paper attempts to introduce the mathematical representation of a transportation problem in neutrosophic environment. Category: General Mathematics [1862] viXra:1701.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:16:44 ### A New Deﬁnition of Entropy of Belief Functions in the Dempster-Shafer Theory Authors: Radim Jirousek, Prakash P. Shenoy Comments: 29 Pages. We propose a new deﬁnition of entropy for basic probability assignments (BPA) in the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory of belief functions, which is interpreted as a measure of total uncertainty in the BPA. Our deﬁnition is diﬀerent from the deﬁnitions proposed by H¨ohle, Smets, Yager, Nguyen, Dubois-Prade, Lamata-Moral, Klir-Ramer, Klir-Parviz, Pal et al., MaedaIchihashi, Harmanec-Klir, Jousselme et al., and Pouly et al. We state a list of ﬁve desired properties of entropy for D-S belief functions theory that are motivated by Shannon’s deﬁnition of entropy for probability functions together with the requirement that any deﬁnition should be consistent with the semantics of D-S belief functions theory. Category: General Mathematics [1861] viXra:1701.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:20:41 ### A New Expert System for Learning Managment Systems Evaluation Based on Neutrosophic Sets Authors: Nouran M. Radwan, M.Badr Senousy, Alaa El M. Riad Comments: 11 Pages. There has been a sudden increase in the usage of Learning Managment Systems applicatios to support learner's learning process in higher education. Category: General Mathematics [1860] viXra:1701.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:22:34 ### A New Fuzzy Based Algorithm for Solving Stereo Vagueness in Detecting and Tracking People Authors: Rui Paúl, Eugenio Aguirre, Miguel García-Silvente, Rafael Muñoz-Salinas Comments: 16 Pages. This paper describes a system capable of detecting and tracking various people using a new approach based on color, stereo vision and fuzzy logic. Initially, in the people detection phase, two fuzzy systems are used to ﬁlter out false positives of a face detector. Category: General Mathematics [1859] viXra:1701.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:28:31 ### A New Non-Specificity Measure in Evidence Theory Based on Belief Intervals Authors: Yang Yi, Han Deqiang, Jean Dezert Comments: 10 Pages. In the theory based on belief functions, the measure of uncertainty is an important concept, which is used for representing some types of uncertainty incorporated in bodies of evidence such as the discord and the non-specificity. Category: General Mathematics [1858] viXra:1701.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:30:33 ### A New Probabilistic Transformation in Generalized Power Space Authors: HU Lifanga, HE You, GUAN Xin, DENG Yong, HAN Deqiang Comments: 12 Pages. The mapping from the belief to the probability domain is a controversial issue, whose original purpose is to make (hard) decision, but for contrariwise to erroneous widespread idea/claim, this is not the only interest for using such mappings nowadays. Category: General Mathematics [1857] viXra:1701.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:32:52 ### A New Similarity Measure on Npn-Soft Set Theory and Its Application Authors: Şerif Özlü, İrfan Deli Comments: 6 Pages. In this paper, we give a new similarity measure on npn-soft set theory which is the extension of correlation measure of neutrosophic refined sets. By using the similarity measure we propose a new method for decision making problem. Finally, we give an example for diagnosis of diseases could be improved by incorporating clinical results and other competing diagnosis in npn-soft environment. Category: General Mathematics [1856] viXra:1701.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:36:38 ### An Extended Grey Relational Analysis Based Interval Neutrosophic Multi Attribute Decision Making for Weaver Selection Authors: Partha Pratim Dey, Surapati Pramanik, Bibhas Chandra Giri Comments: 12 Pages. The paper proposes a multi-attribute decision making method based on extended grey relation analysis under interval neutrosophic environment. The interval neutrosophic set is an important decision making apparatus that can handle imprecise, indeterminate, inconsistence information. Category: General Mathematics [1855] viXra:1701.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:38:10 ### An Extended Multiple Criteria Decision Making Method Based on Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Information Authors: Peide Liu, Lili Zhang Comments: 15 Pages. Neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set is the generalization of neutrosophic set and the hesitant fuzzy set, which can easily express the uncertain, incomplete and inconsistent information in cognitive activity, and the VIKOR (from Serbian:VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method is an effective decision making tool which can select the optimal alternative by the maximum ‘‘group utility’’ and minimum of an ‘‘individual regret’’ with cognitive computation. Category: General Mathematics [1854] viXra:1701.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:43:09 ### An Improved Focal Element Control Rule Authors: JIN Hong-bin, LAN Jiang-qiao Comments: 5 Pages. The computational complexity of evidence theory is a hot issue in current research. Dezert-Smarandache theory (DSmT) introduces conflicting focal element, which makes the calculation complexity increases sharply. This paper starts with the focal element control rule used by the approximate calculation method mostly. The examples show that the improved rule is effective and feasible in both Shafer model and DSm model. Category: General Mathematics [1853] viXra:1701.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:46:34 ### An Improved Multimoora Approach for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Based on Interdependent Inputs of Simpliﬁed Neutrosophic Linguistic Information Authors: Zhang-peng Tian, Jing Wang, Jian-qiang Wang, Hong-yu Zhang Comments: 13 Pages. Multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis plus the full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) is a useful method to apply in multi-criteria decision-making due to the ﬂexibility and robustness it introduces into the decision process. Category: General Mathematics [1852] viXra:1701.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:50:50 ### An Improved Partial Haar Dual Adaptive Filter for Rapid Identification of a Sparse Echo Channel Authors: P. Kechichian, B. Champagne Comments: 14 Pages. Recently, a coupled echo canceller was proposed that uses two short adaptive filters for sparse echo cancellation. Category: General Mathematics [1851] viXra:1701.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:52:16 ### An Improved Weighted Correlation Coefficient Based on Integrated Weight for Interval Neutrosophic Sets and its Application in Multicriteria Decision-making Problems Authors: Hong-yu Zhang, Pu Ji, Jian-qiang Wang, Xiao-hong Chen Comments: 18 Pages. This paper presents a new correlation coefficient measure, which satisfies the requirement of this measure equaling one if and only if two interval neutrosophic sets (INSs) are the same. And an objective weight of INSs is presented to unearth and utilize deeper information that is uncertain. Category: General Mathematics [1850] viXra:1701.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:53:41 ### An Integrated MCGDM Approach based Lean Faclitator Selection under Neutrosophic Environment Authors: P. Rajeswara Reddy, I. Naga Raju, V. Diwakar Reddy, G. Krishnaiah Comments: 7 Pages. In today’s practical work environment group decision making is essential to choose best alternative from set of alternatives which are characterized by multiple criteria. In manufacturing environment frequent group decision making is common practice which involves conflicting and multiple criteria problems. Category: General Mathematics [1849] viXra:1701.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:54:53 ### An Interval Neutrosophic Linguistic Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Method and Its Application in Selecting Medical Treatment Options Authors: Yin-xiang Ma, Jian-qiang Wang, Jing Wang, Xiao-hui Wu Comments: 21 Pages. Selecting medical treatments is a critical activity in medical decision-making. Usually, medical treatments are selected by doctors, patients, and their families based on various criteria. Category: General Mathematics [1848] viXra:1701.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 06:59:41 ### A Novel Breast Tumor Classification Algorithm Using Neutrosophic Score Features Authors: K.M. Amin, A.I.Shahin, Yanhui Guo Comments: 11 Pages. A lot of studies confurmed the seriousness of brest cancer as the most tumors lethal to women worldwide. Category: General Mathematics [1847] viXra:1701.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:04:28 ### A Novel Decision Support Model for Satisfactory Restaurants Utilizing Social Information: a Case Study of Tripadvisor.com Authors: Hong-yu Zhang, Pu Ji, Jian-qiang Wang, Xiao-hong Chen Comments: 17 Pages. Decision support model for satisfactory restaurants have attracted numerous researcher's attention. Category: General Mathematics [1846] viXra:1701.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:06:00 ### A Novel Object Tracking Algorithm by Fusing Color and Depth Information Based on Single Valued Neutrosophic Cross-Entropy Authors: Keli Hu, Jun Ye, En Fan, Shigen Shen, Longjun Huang, Jiatian Pi Comments: 13 Pages. Although appearance based trackers have been greatly improved in the last decade, they are still struggling with some challenges like occlusion, blur, fast motion, deformation, etc. As known, occlusion is still one of the soundness challenges for visual tracking. Category: General Mathematics [1845] viXra:1701.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:07:13 ### An Overview of Technological Revolution in Satellite Image Analysis Authors: Jenice Aroma R., Kumudha Raimond Comments: 5 Pages. The satellite image based applications are highly utilized nowadays from simple purposes like vehicle navigation to complex surveillance and virtual environment modeling projects. On increased population rate, the depletion of natural resources is highly unavoidable and it leads to increased threats on natural hazards. In order to protect and overcome the physical losses on devastation of properties, the risk mapping models such as weather forecasts, drought modeling and other hazard assessment models are in need. Category: General Mathematics [1844] viXra:1701.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:13:01 ### Application of DSmT-Icm with Adaptive Decision Rule to Supervised Classiﬁcation in Multisource Remote Sensing Authors: A. Elhassouny, S. Idbraim, A. Bekkari, D. Mammass, D. Ducrot Comments: 11 Pages. In this paper, we introduce a new procedure called DSmT-ICM with adaptive decision rule, which is an alternative and extension of Multisource Classiﬁcation Using ICM (Iterated conditional mode) and DempsterShafer theory (DST). Category: General Mathematics [1843] viXra:1701.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:16:19 ### Application of Fuzzy Neutrosophic Relation in Decision Making Authors: .J. Martina Jency, I. Arockiarani Comments: 4 Pages. In this paper a new approach is proposed to meet the challenges in medical diagnosis using fuzzy neutrosophic c ompositionrelation. Category: General Mathematics [1842] viXra:1701.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:19:33 ### Application of Neutrosophic Set to Multicriteria Decision Making by Copras Authors: Romualdas Bausys, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Artūras Kaklauskas Comments: 15 Pages. The paper presents multicriteria decision making method with single value neutrosophic sets (SVNS), namely COPRAS-SVNS. The complex proportional assessment method (COPRAS) has shown accurate results for the solution of various multicriteria decision making problems in the engineering field. Category: General Mathematics [1841] viXra:1701.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-03 07:22:23 ### Applying ER-MCDA and BF-TOPSIS to Decide on Eﬀectiveness of Torrent Protection Authors: Simon Carladous, Jean-Marc Tacnet, Jean Dezert Comments: 10 Pages. Experts take into account several criteria to assess the eﬀectiveness of torrential ﬂood protection systems. In practice, scoring each criterion is imperfect. Category: General Mathematics [1840] viXra:1612.0412 [pdf] submitted on 2016-12-31 00:28:51 ### TRL Universal Recursive Sub-Sets And Super-Sets Of A Set In Completion. (Universal Engineering Series). Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Comments: 7 Pages. In this research investigation, the author has detailed about 'Universal Recursive Sub-Sets And Super-Sets Of A Set In Completion'. Category: General Mathematics ## Replacements of recent Submissions [81] viXra:1704.0354 [pdf] replaced on 2017-04-28 14:41:46 ### Formalization of Multivariate Lagrange Interpolation Authors: Yvann Le Fay Comments: 4 Pages. We generalize a simple formula for constructing the multinomial function f which interpolates a set of (d+1) points in IR^N. We also provide an example of application of this method. Category: General Mathematics [80] viXra:1703.0160 [pdf] replaced on 2017-04-04 06:42:10 ### Logarithmic Extension of Real Numbers and Hyperbolic Representation of Generalized Lorentz Transforms Authors: Grushka Ya.I. Comments: 6 Pages. Mathematics Subject Classification: 12D99; 83A05 We construct the logarithmic extension for real numbers in which the numbers, less then$-\infty$exist. Using this logarithmic extension we give the single formula for hyperbolic representation of generalized tachyon Lorentz transforms. Category: General Mathematics [79] viXra:1703.0073 [pdf] replaced on 2017-03-30 02:27:52 ### On The Riemann Zeta Function Authors: Jonathan Tooker Comments: 13 Pages. 13 figures, fixed some stuff We discuss the Riemann zeta function, the topology of its domain, and make an argument against the Riemann hypothesis. While making the argument in the classical formalism, we discuss the material as it relates to the theory of infinite complexity (TOIC). We extend Riemann's own (planar) analytic continuation$\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{C}$into (bulk) hypercomplexity with$\mathbb{C}\to\,^\star\mathbb{C}$. We propose a solution to the Banach--Tarski paradox. Category: General Mathematics [78] viXra:1703.0073 [pdf] replaced on 2017-03-25 15:03:46 ### On The Riemann Zeta Function Authors: Jonathan Tooker Comments: 13 Pages. 13 figures We discuss the Riemann zeta function, the topology of its domain, and make an argument against the Riemann hypothesis. While making the argument in the classical formalism, we discuss the material as it relates to the theory of infinite complexity. We extend Riemann's own (planar) analytic continuation$\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{C}^2$into (bulk) hypercomplexity with$\mathbb{C}^2\to\,^\star\mathbb{C}\$. We propose a solution to the Banach--Tarski paradox.
Category: General Mathematics

[77] viXra:1701.0597 [pdf] replaced on 2017-02-15 12:59:03