# Quantum Physics

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2019 - 1901(64) - 1902(83) - 1903(75) - 1904(83) - 1905(65)

## Recent submissions

Any replacements are listed farther down

[3317] viXra:1905.0496 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-24 10:52:54

### Quantum Computing Stabilizing

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists from the University of Bath, working with a colleague at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, have devised an ingenious method of controlling the vapour by coating the interior of containers with nanoscopic gold particles 300,000 times smaller than a pinhead. [55] Significant technical and financial issues remain towards building a large, fault-tolerant quantum computer and one is unlikely to be built within the coming decade. [54] Chemists at Friedrich Schiller University in Jena (Germany) have now synthesised a molecule that can perform the function of a computing unit in a quantum computer. [53] The research team developed the first optical microchip to generate, manipulate and detect a particular state of light called squeezed vacuum, which is essential for HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum/" quantum computation. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50] Working in the lab of Mikhail Lukin, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics and co-director of the Quantum Science and Engineering Initiative, Evans is lead author of a study, described in the journal Science, that demonstrates a method for engineering an interaction between two qubits using photons. [49] Researchers with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a new level of control over photons encoded with quantum information. [48] Researchers from Intel Corp. and the University of California, Berkeley, are looking beyond current transistor technology and preparing the way for a new type of memory and logic circuit that could someday be in every computer on the planet. [47]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3316] viXra:1905.0494 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-24 11:27:17

### Atom Patterning Record

Authors: George Rajna

"We will also work on initiating two-qubit quantum gates between the atoms to build a 2D quantum processor based on so-called Rydberg interactions," reveals Birkl, "and implement large-scale quantum entanglement and quantum simulation." [56] Scientists from the University of Bath, working with a colleague at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, have devised an ingenious method of controlling the vapour by coating the interior of containers with nanoscopic gold particles 300,000 times smaller than a pinhead. [55] Significant technical and financial issues remain towards building a large, fault-tolerant quantum computer and one is unlikely to be built within the coming decade. [54] Chemists at Friedrich Schiller University in Jena (Germany) have now synthesised a molecule that can perform the function of a computing unit in a quantum computer. [53] The research team developed the first optical microchip to generate, manipulate and detect a particular state of light called squeezed vacuum, which is essential for HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum/" quantum computation. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50] Working in the lab of Mikhail Lukin, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics and co-director of the Quantum Science and Engineering Initiative, Evans is lead author of a study, described in the journal Science, that demonstrates a method for engineering an interaction between two qubits using photons. [49] Researchers with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a new level of control over photons encoded with quantum information. [48] Researchers from Intel Corp. and the University of California, Berkeley, are looking beyond current transistor technology and preparing the way for a new type of memory and logic circuit that could someday be in every computer on the planet. [47]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3315] viXra:1905.0481 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-23 06:53:15

### Quantum Dots Enhance Stability

Authors: George Rajna

University of Toronto Engineering researchers have combined two emerging technologies for next-generation solar power-and discovered that each one helps stabilize the other. [28] Photoresponsive flash memories made from organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that can be quickly erased using just light might find use in a host of applications, including flexible imaging circuits, infra-red sensing memories and multibit-storage memory cells. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been "squeezed" to a record low. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3314] viXra:1905.0478 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-23 08:10:14

### Quantum Theories to Extreme

Authors: George Rajna

A workshop on exploring extreme-field QED and the physics phenomena it creates will be held at SLAC in late summer. [29] University of Toronto Engineering researchers have combined two emerging technologies for next-generation solar power-and discovered that each one helps stabilize the other. [28] Photoresponsive flash memories made from organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that can be quickly erased using just light might find use in a host of applications, including flexible imaging circuits, infra-red sensing memories and multibit-storage memory cells. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3313] viXra:1905.0470 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-23 13:11:33

### The Robustness of the Spectral Properties of the V4 Wave Function

Authors: Nok Zgrgl
Comments: 4 Pages. This is a real paper on a fake universe.

A simple model known as the V4 wave function is studied for a simple (non-equivalent) wave function, which describes the in-medium oscillations of the space-time. The new model is employed for the detailed study of the spectral properties of the V4 wave function, and one of the upcoming projects is to use it to study the spectral properties of the strongly interacting quark-gluon interaction.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3312] viXra:1905.0464 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-24 01:22:36

### A New Hypothesis of the Relation Between Momentum and Energy

Authors: Chen Zhipeng

The combination of Newton momentum and Einstein's mass-energy relation will cause many difficulties. A new hypothesis of the relation between energy and momentum is proposed to solve these difficulties. At the same time, the relation is validated.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3311] viXra:1905.0461 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-24 03:19:35

### Geometry of Electrons

Authors: George Rajna

Physicists at the University of Basel have shown for the first time how a single electron looks in an artificial atom. [31] A team of researchers from Canada, France and Poland has found that electrons inside of some ceramic crystals appear to dissipate in a surprising, yet familiar way-possibly a clue to the reason for the odd behavior of "strange metals." [30] To provide the data necessary to improve these products, a team of engineers and scientists from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed a new pinhole-based diffraction technique they call PIND. [29] Tensorial neutron tomography promises new insights into superconductors, battery electrodes and other energy-related materials. [28] CERN's nuclear physics facility, ISOLDE, has minted a new coin in its impressive collection of isotopes. [27] In the case of several light nuclei, experimental confirmation of the individualism or family nature of nucleons will now be simpler, thanks to predictions presented by Polish physicists from Cracow and Kielce. [26] The identification of the magic number of six provides an avenue to investigate the origin of spin-orbit splittings in atomic nuclei. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3310] viXra:1905.0454 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-23 03:48:16

### Highest-Temperature Superconductor

Authors: George Rajna

University of Chicago scientists are part of an international research team that has discovered superconductivity-the ability to conduct electricity perfectly-at the highest temperatures ever recorded. [30] Scientists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University have shown that copper-based superconductors, or cuprates-the first class of materials found to carry electricity with no loss at relatively high temperatures-contain fluctuating stripes of electron charge and spin that meander like rivulets over rough ground. [29] Researchers from Google and the University of California Santa Barbara have taken an important step towards the goal of building a large-scale quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3309] viXra:1905.0451 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-22 08:29:58

### Quantum Interferometry Phonon

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology and Keio University investigated the excitation and detection of photogenerated coherent phonons in polar semiconductor GaAs through an ultrafast dual pump-probe laser for quantum interferometry. [26] Karimi's team has successfully built and operated the first-ever quantum simulator designed specifically for simulating cyclic (ringed-shaped) systems. [25] A new Tel Aviv University study explores the generation and propagation of excitons in 2D materials within an unprecedented small time frame and at an extraordinarily high spatial resolution. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19] It's well-known that when a quantum system is continuously measured, it freezes, i.e., it stops changing, which is due to a phenomenon called the quantum Zeno effect. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3308] viXra:1905.0450 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-22 08:58:15

### Wildfire Suppression Technology: Exploration for a Directed Energy Beam (Deb) Attenuating Electron Transfer by Cyclical Vacuum Subduction of Dioxygen Dication Species, O22+

Authors: Richard L Amoroso, Salvatore Giandinoto, Sabah E Karam
Comments: 57 Pages. Preprint: IOP J Phys Conf Series 2019, R L Amoroso, D M Dubois, L H Kauffman, P Rowlands (eds) Advances in Fundamental Physics: Prelude to Paradigm Shift, 11th International Symposium Honoring Mathematical Physicist J-P Vigier, 2018 Liege, Belgium

Modeling wildfire suppression technology, inspired by Einstein’s long quest for a final theory, is based on a Unified Field Mechanical (UFM) Ontological-Phase Topological Field Theory (OPTFT) derived from modified M-theory, parameters of the Wheeler-Feynman-Cramer Transactional Interpretation, with combined extensions of a de Broglie-Bohm Implicate Order super-quantum potential as a unified field force of coherence control factor. The device is multiphasic. Operationally, O2 electron transfer attenuation occurs by nonlocal matter-wave phase adduction/subduction interference nodes in dynamic-static Casimir-Polder resonant interactions pertinent to bumps and holes within a covariant polarized Dirac vacuum as the most salient feature of dioxygen dication, O22+ coupling to mirror symmetric nonlocal antispace (vacuum), rather than neutral molecular species in local 3-space as demonstrated in experimental studies of dioxygen dication, O22+. Additionally, beam emission requires a new dual class of nonlocal OCHRE (Oscillation Coupled Helicoid Resonance Emission) in tandem with localized OCRET (Optically Controlled Resonance Energy Transfer) to produce ballistic-like conduction of vacuum energy by the summation of cyclical resonant incursive oscillations within the structure of cellular Least Units tessellating spacetime as a means of mediating the additional dimensionality (XD) of brane topological phase transitions in the Bulk. Finally, device operation requires an M-theoretic form of scalable universal quantum computing (UQC), a paradigm shift beyond confines of the locality-unitarity basis of presently standard Copenhagen quantum theory.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3307] viXra:1905.0449 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-22 09:03:03

### Quantum Shannon Theory

Authors: George Rajna

Information theory, which was developed by Claude Shannon starting in the late 1940s, deals with questions such as how quickly information can be sent over a noisy communications channel. [28] Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory are conducting fundamental physics research that will lead to more control over mercurial quantum systems and materials. [27] Physicists in Italy have designed a "quantum battery" that they say could be built using today's solid-state technology. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3306] viXra:1905.0436 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-22 19:35:05

### Cross-Double-Slit Experiments and Wave-Particle Duality

Authors: Hui Peng
Comments: 5 Pages. thanks very much for consideration of my paper

We report observations of Cross-Double-Slit Experiment and Which-Path-Cross-Double-Slit experiment. Cross-Double-Slit apparatus contains two double-slit, where first double-slit is perpendicular to second double-slit. The first double-slit and the second double-slit generate not only their own interference pattern perpendicular to each other, but also generate “Cross-interference-patterns”. When we do which-way experiment with one of two double-slit, say first double-slit, then its interference pattern disappeared, i.e., photons behave as particles; but the second double-slit’s interference pattern and the cross-interference-pattern still exist; which implies an significant phenomenon that in the same experiment, photons behave as both wave and particle, which is first time caught on film. Thus we suggest to re-study wave-particle duality, which is the basic mystery of quantum mechanics. We postulate that the particle nature of photons is intrinsic; while the wave-like of photons is manifest-behavior.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3305] viXra:1905.0435 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-22 19:39:26

### Simulated Discoveries

Authors: Peter V. Raktoe

Research is based on a theory, and the results of calculations/experiments/observations/predictions can provide the necessary proof for that theory. But if you simulate what you are looking for with data in order to find what you are looking for, or in order to test the computers and the researchers, then the definite proof cannot be based on data alone.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3304] viXra:1905.0421 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-21 10:53:56

### Josephson Junction Quantum Theory

Authors: George Rajna

The Josephson junction is one of the most important elements in turning quantum phenomena into usable technology. [42] The ultimate degree of control for engineering would be the ability to create and manipulate materials at the most basic level, fabricating devices atom by atom with precise control. [41] A team of researchers from the University of California and Fudan University has developed a way to use a single molecule magnet as a scanning magnetometer. [40] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology designed a new type of molecular wire doped with organometallic ruthenium to achieve unprecedentedly higher conductance than earlier molecular wires. [39] Quantum wells of the highest quality are typically fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (sequential growth of crystalline layers), which is a well-established technique. [38] Scientists found that relatively slow electrons are produced when intense lasers interact with small clusters of atoms, upturning current theories. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3303] viXra:1905.0417 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-21 11:32:01

### Quantum Communication Two from One

Authors: George Rajna

One of these particles of light has the potential to serve as a carrier of the fragile quantum information, the other, as a messenger to provide prior notification of its twin. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3302] viXra:1905.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-20 10:33:29

### Quantum Cloud Computing

Authors: George Rajna

Quantum Cloud Computing With a quantum coprocessor in the cloud, physicists from Innsbruck, Austria, open the door to the simulation of previously unsolvable problems in chemistry, materials research or high-energy physics. [27] Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology teamed up with colleagues from the U.S. and Switzerland and returned the state of a quantum computer a fraction of a second into the past. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3301] viXra:1905.0399 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-20 10:57:38

### Polariton Nano-Laser Operating

Authors: George Rajna

A room temperature polariton nano-laser has been demonstrated, along with several related research findings, regarding topics such as polariton physics at the nanoscale and also applications in quantum information systems. [41] The researchers harnessed the power of polaritons, particles that blur the distinction between light and matter. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3300] viXra:1905.0396 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-20 18:52:44

### The Relationship of the Fine Structure Constant and Pi

Authors: Jeff Yee

In this paper, the fine structure constant is derived from a geometric ratio of surface areas, as a result of vibrations in a lattice with a body-centered cubic arrangement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3299] viXra:1905.0391 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-21 04:09:42

### The New Periodic Table of Chemical Elements According to the Deterministic Quantum Model

Authors: Daniele Sasso

The current periodic table of chemical elements presents numerous problems because of the presence of many elements that are in actuality out of the periodic classification of groups, like transition elements that are about the half of chemical elements. Here we propose a new table that searches for solving many problems, even if not all. It is supposable hence that in future also this table can undergo changes and improvements because of a greater theoretical understanding and of a further experimental examination of chemical elements. The most important aspects of the new table consist in the 10+1 new groups in place of the present 7+1 and in the 15 periods in place of the present 7 periods. It allows to include inside the new table the numerous elements of transition that at present are out of a coherent classification.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3298] viXra:1905.0356 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-20 01:49:55

### The Henstock-Kurzweil-Feynman-Pardy Integral in Quantum Physics

Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 10 Pages. The original ideas published in reputable journals

The Feynman integral is generalised so as to involve the random fluctuations of vacuum, from this integral the generalized Schroedinger equation is derived and the energy spectrum for the Coulomb potential determined.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3297] viXra:1905.0350 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-18 08:13:18

### Laser of Sound Promises

Authors: George Rajna

Most people are familiar with optical lasers through their experience with laser pointers. But what about a laser made from sound waves? [40] A study led by scientists of the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD) at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science in Hamburg/Germany presents evidence of the amplification of optical phonons in a solid by intense terahertz laser pulses. [39]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3296] viXra:1905.0279 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-17 07:31:10

### Macroscopic Electron Quantum Coherence

Authors: George Rajna

A team of researchers at the Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N, CNRS/Univ. Paris-Saclay) has experimentally achieved the coherent propagation of electrons in circuits over macroscopic distances through a novel nano-engineering strategy. [20] Researchers in Madrid, Spain, have now observed the quantization of electron energy levels in copper similar to the effects of confinement within a nanostructure, but in a copper sample with no nanoscale dimensions in the plane of the observed effects. [19] This method, called atomic spin squeezing, works by redistributing the uncertainty unevenly between two components of spin in these measurements systems, which operate at the quantum scale. [18] Researchers from the University of Cambridge have taken a peek into the secretive domain of quantum mechanics. [17] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11] Some three-dimensional materials can exhibit exotic properties that only exist in "lower" dimensions. For example, in one-dimensional chains of atoms that emerge within a bulk sample, electrons can separate into three distinct entities, each carrying information about just one aspect of the electron's identity-spin, charge, or orbit. The spinon, the entity that carries information about electron spin, has been known to control magnetism in certain insulating materials whose electron spins can point in any direction and easily flip direction. Now, a new study just published in Science reveals that spinons are also present in a metallic material in which the orbital movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus is the driving force behind the material's strong magnetism. [10] Currently studying entanglement in condensed matter systems is of great interest. This interest stems from the fact that some behaviors of such systems can only be explained with the aid of entanglement. [9] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the University of Cambridge in the UK have demonstrated that it is possible to directly generate an electric current in a magnetic material by rotating its magnetization. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3295] viXra:1905.0278 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-17 08:01:37

### Single Molecule Magnetometer

Authors: George Rajna

A team of researchers from the University of California and Fudan University has developed a way to use a single molecule magnet as a scanning magnetometer. [40] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology designed a new type of molecular wire doped with organometallic ruthenium to achieve unprecedentedly higher conductance than earlier molecular wires. [39] Quantum wells of the highest quality are typically fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (sequential growth of crystalline layers), which is a well-established technique. [38] Scientists found that relatively slow electrons are produced when intense lasers interact with small clusters of atoms, upturning current theories. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3294] viXra:1905.0267 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-17 18:35:35

### Cross-Double-Slit Apparatus

Authors: HuiPeng

We propose the Cross-Double-Slit apparatus for studying wave-particle duality and postulate that the particle nature of photons is intrinsic, while wave-like is an appearing behavior due to observation apparatus.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3293] viXra:1905.0265 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-18 02:34:33

### Manipulating Atoms One at a Time

Authors: George Rajna

The ultimate degree of control for engineering would be the ability to create and manipulate materials at the most basic level, fabricating devices atom by atom with precise control. [41] A team of researchers from the University of California and Fudan University has developed a way to use a single molecule magnet as a scanning magnetometer. [40] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology designed a new type of molecular wire doped with organometallic ruthenium to achieve unprecedentedly higher conductance than earlier molecular wires. [39] Quantum wells of the highest quality are typically fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (sequential growth of crystalline layers), which is a well-established technique. [38] Scientists found that relatively slow electrons are produced when intense lasers interact with small clusters of atoms, upturning current theories. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3292] viXra:1905.0263 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-18 05:05:17

### Chip-Scale Atomic Clock

Authors: George Rajna

Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and partners have demonstrated an experimental, next-generation atomic clock-ticking at high "optical" frequencies-that is much smaller than usual, made of just three small chips plus supporting electronics and optics. [38] This has the double benefit of potentially allowing a new method of chip-to-chip communication with silicon, currently only possible with much more expensive materials, but also pushing mobile communications to much higher frequency and allowing the transmission of more data. [37] Based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (COMS) technology-a standard low-cost, high-volume chip manufacturing technique used for most processors and chips today-a group of researchers from IBM Research in Zurich, Switzerland, together with a consortium working under the EU-funded project "ADDAPT," have demonstrated a novel optical receiver (RX) that can achieve an aggregate bandwidth of 160 Gb/s through four optical fibers. [36] An international team of researchers has taken an important step towards solving a difficult variation of this problem, using a statistical approach developed at the University of Freiburg. [35] Storing information in a quantum memory system is a difficult challenge, as the data is usually quickly lost. At TU Wien, ultra-long storage times have now been achieved using tiny diamonds. [34] Electronics could work faster if they could read and write data at terahertz frequency, rather than at a few gigahertz. [33] A team of researchers led by the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has demonstrated a new method for splitting light beams into their frequency modes. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3291] viXra:1905.0262 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-16 05:45:37

### A Theory with Consolidation: Linking Everything to Explain Everything

Authors: Gaurav Biraris

The paper reports a theory which gives explicit (ontic) understanding of the abstract (epistemic) mechanisms spanning many branches of physics. It results to most modern physics starting from Newtonian physics by abandoning progress in twentieth century. The theory assumes consolidation of points in 4-balls of specific radius in the universe. Thus the 4-balls are fundamental elements of the universe. Analogue of momentum defined as soul vector is assumed to be induced on the 4-balls at the beginning of the universe. Then with progression of local time, collisions happen leading to different rotations of CNs. For such rotations, the consolidation provides centripetal binding. By using general terminologies of force and work, the mass energy mechanism gets revealed. The theory provides explicit interpretation of intrinsic properties of mass, electric charge, color charge, weak charge, spin etc. It also provides explicit understanding of the wave-particle duality & quantum mechanics. Epistemic study of the universe with the consolidation results to conventional quantum theories. Elementary mechanism of the field interactions is evident due to conservation of the soul vectors, and its epistemic expectation results to the gauge theories. The theory predicts that four types of interaction would exist in the universe along with the acceptable relative strengths; it provides fundamental interpretation of the physical forces. Further, it explains the basic mechanisms which can be identified with dark energy & dark matter. It also results to (or explains) entanglement, chirality, excess of matter, 4-component spinor, real-abstract (ontic-epistemic) correspondence etc. The theory is beyond standard model and results to the standard model, relativity, dark energy & dark matter, starting by simple assumptions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3290] viXra:1905.0245 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-17 01:29:32

### Entangled Photon Gyroscope

Authors: George Rajna

Fiber optic gyroscopes, which measure the rotation and orientation of airplanes and other moving objects, are inherently limited in their precision when using ordinary classical light. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3289] viXra:1905.0241 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-17 03:59:04

### Iron-Based Superconductor Stabilized

Authors: George Rajna

Iron-based superconductors (IBSCs) have attracted sustained research attention over the past decade, partly because new IBSCs were discovered one after another in the earlier years. [29] Important challenges in creating practical quantum computers have been addressed by two independent teams of physicists in the US. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3288] viXra:1905.0238 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-17 05:06:34

### Atomic Wave Function Light

Authors: George Rajna

Physicists have demonstrated a new way to obtain the essential details that describe an isolated quantum system, such as a gas of atoms, through direct observation. [35] Scientists at the University of Alberta have applied a machine learning technique using artificial intelligence to perfect and automate atomic-scale manufacturing, something which has never been done before. [34] Chemist Dr. Lars Borchardt and his team at TU Dresden recently achieved a huge breakthrough in the synthesis of nanographenes. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3287] viXra:1905.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-15 08:19:33

### Quantum Simulators can be Robust

Authors: George Rajna

Digital quantum simulators might help, but until now they are drastically limited to small systems with few particles and only short simulation times. [32] 'Quantum technologies' utilise the unique phenomena of quantum superposition and entanglement to encode and process information, with potentially profound benefits to a wide range of information technologies from communications to sensing and computing. [31] For the first time, physicists at the University of Basel have succeeded in measuring the magnetic properties of atomically thin van der Waals materials on the nanoscale. [30] Diamonds are prized for their purity, but their flaws might hold the key to a new type of highly secure communications. [29] Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, and Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, have demonstrated a 4000 kilometre fibre-optical transmission link using ultra low-noise, phase-sensitive optical amplifiers. [28] Researchers at the University of York have shown that a new quantum-based procedure for distributing secure information along communication lines could be successful in preventing serious security breaches. [27] In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist-a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal-a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse-in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3286] viXra:1905.0232 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-15 08:38:44

### Quantum Light on Cave Art

Authors: George Rajna

Leslie Van Gelder, a well-known American-born archeologist has been working with Dr. Harald Schwefel, and other physicists at Otago University to develop a lamp that mimics the flickering torch light that paleolithic cave artists worked by many thousands of years ago. [33] Digital quantum simulators might help, but until now they are drastically limited to small systems with few particles and only short simulation times. [32] 'Quantum technologies' utilise the unique phenomena of quantum superposition and entanglement to encode and process information, with potentially profound benefits to a wide range of information technologies from communications to sensing and computing. [31] For the first time, physicists at the University of Basel have succeeded in measuring the magnetic properties of atomically thin van der Waals materials on the nanoscale. [30] Diamonds are prized for their purity, but their flaws might hold the key to a new type of highly secure communications. [29] Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, and Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, have demonstrated a 4000 kilometre fibre-optical transmission link using ultra low-noise, phase-sensitive optical amplifiers. [28] Researchers at the University of York have shown that a new quantum-based procedure for distributing secure information along communication lines could be successful in preventing serious security breaches. [27] In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist-a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal-a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse-in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3285] viXra:1905.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-15 09:45:43

### Holographic Quantum Interference

Authors: George Rajna

In conventional holography a photographic film can record the interference pattern of monochromatic light scattered from the object to be imaged with a reference beam of un-scattered light. [38] The scientists used the quantum nature of the electron-light interaction to separate the electron-reference and electron-imaging beams in energy instead of space. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3284] viXra:1905.0229 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-15 10:08:33

### Capturing Single Photons for Quantum Information

Authors: George Rajna

Yao-Lung (Leo) Fang, an assistant computational scientist with the Quantum Computing Group in Brookhaven's Computational Science Initiative and a co-author of the paper, explained that a particle occupying a stable bound state is confined in space, such as an electron orbiting a hydrogen atom. [26] MIT researchers have designed a way to generate, at room temperature, more single photons for carrying quantum information. The design, they say, holds promise for the development of practical quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3283] viXra:1905.0220 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-16 03:28:34

### Summary of my Research Work

Authors: Savyasanchi Ghose

This document is for the readers who would like to look at my research work, the summary has been written in a brief format.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3282] viXra:1905.0214 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-14 08:46:23

### Single Photons for Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna

MIT researchers have designed a way to generate, at room temperature, more single photons for carrying quantum information. The design, they say, holds promise for the development of practical quantum computers. [25] Operation at the single-photon level raises the possibility of developing entirely new communication and computing devices, ranging from hardware random number generators to quantum computers. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3281] viXra:1905.0212 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-14 10:04:53

### Accelerating Quantum Technologies

Authors: George Rajna

'Quantum technologies' utilise the unique phenomena of quantum superposition and entanglement to encode and process information, with potentially profound benefits to a wide range of information technologies from communications to sensing and computing. [31] For the first time, physicists at the University of Basel have succeeded in measuring the magnetic properties of atomically thin van der Waals materials on the nanoscale. [30] Diamonds are prized for their purity, but their flaws might hold the key to a new type of highly secure communications. [29] Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, and Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, have demonstrated a 4000 kilometre fibre-optical transmission link using ultra low-noise, phase-sensitive optical amplifiers. [28] Researchers at the University of York have shown that a new quantum-based procedure for distributing secure information along communication lines could be successful in preventing serious security breaches. [27] In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist-a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal-a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse-in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3280] viXra:1905.0206 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-15 01:03:03

### New Type of Spin Waves

Authors: George Rajna

In this latest study, the German-Chinese research team describes a type of twisted magnon for which the twist or the winding number is protected against damping. [35] In a recently published paper in Science, researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), were able to both excite and detect spin waves in a quantum Hall ferromagnet, demonstrating a new platform to investigate some of the possibilities of this promising material. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3279] viXra:1905.0205 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-15 01:22:52

### Laser-Based Image Full Eye in 3-D

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers supported by the EU-funded photonics innovation incubator ACTPHAST 4.0 have introduced "a swept light source technology that makes it possible to take full 3-D OCT [optical coherence tomography] images of the eye," says a news release posted on the project website. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3278] viXra:1905.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-13 10:56:14

### Two-Qubit Calculation in Silicon

Authors: George Rajna

For the first time ever, researchers have measured the fidelity-that is, the accuracy-of two-qubit logic operations in silicon, with highly promising results that will enable scaling up to a full-scale quantum processor. [36] These exotic particles can, for example, emerge as quasi-particles in topological superconductors and represent ideal building blocks for topological quantum computers. [35] This event is considered as a striking proof of the existence of Majorana particles, and it represents a crucial step towards their use as building blocks for the development of quantum computers. [34] In the latest experiment of its kind, researchers have captured the most compelling evidence to date that unusual particles lurk inside a special kind of superconductor. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3277] viXra:1905.0192 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-13 17:12:38

### Stochastic, Granular, Five-Dimensional Space-Time:a Root Model for Both Relativity and Quantum Mechanics,and a New Interpretation of Time

Authors: Carlton Frederick

A stochastic model is presented for the Planck-scale nature of space-time. From it, many features of quantum mechanics and relativity are derived. As mathematical points have no extent, the stochastic manifold cannot be tessellated with points and so a granular model is required. For Lorentz invariance, the grains cannot have constant dimensions but instead, constant volumes. We treat both space and time stochastically and thus require a new interpretation of time to prevent an object being in multiple places at the same time. As the grains do have a definite volume, a mechanism is required to create and annihilate grains (without leaving gaps in space-time) as the universe, or parts thereof, expands or contracts. A 'rolled-up' fifth dimension provides the mechanism. As this is a 'root' model, it attempts to explicate phenomena usually taken for granted, such as gravity and the nature of time.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3276] viXra:1905.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-12 05:25:31

### Optical Microring Sensors

Authors: George Rajna

Tweaking the design of microring sensors enhances their sensitivity without adding more implementation complexity. [31] Large-scale plasmonic metasurfaces could find use in flat panel displays and other devices that can change colour thanks to recent work by researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK. [30] Particles in solution can grow, transport, collide, interact, and aggregate into complex shapes and structures. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3275] viXra:1905.0176 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-12 12:16:16

### Wojciech H. Zurek . Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical - Revisited (in Russian)

Authors: V. Kasimov

If the Universe is considered to be a comprehensive and integral closed system (and otherwise it cannot be: for a complete system it is difficult to imagine the existence of any other entities that affect the integrity), then, according to the quantum paradigm, its evolution can be described by the vector of Hilbert space. The dimension of this space is not regulated by anything and it depends only on what fragment of integrity is described. Of course, the final form of this state vector will never be presented explicitly. However, the presented ideology makes it possible to state unambiguously that we live in the quantum world and according to quantum laws. Again revives insight Wheeler's: all from qubit quantum substrate! Article about it This article about that we live in a quantum world and how decoherence "glues" the visible world, and everything else is a facts from the qubits of pramatter.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3274] viXra:1905.0167 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-11 07:20:36

### Mechanic and Electrician Superconductivity

Authors: George Rajna

In strongly correlated materials such as cuprate high-temperature superconductors, superconductivity can be controlled either by changing the number of electrons or by changing the kinetic energy, or transfer energy, of electrons in the system. [34] Researchers have seen intrinsic superconductivity up to a temperature of 0.72 K in the transition metal dichalcogenide niobium telluride (NbTe2). [33] Researchers in France and Japan have demonstrated a theoretical type of unconventional superconductivity in a uranium-based material, according to a study published in the journal Physical Review Letters. [32] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have found that crystals of a recently discovered superconducting material, a layered bismuth chalcogenide with a four-fold symmetric structure, shows only twofold symmetry in its superconductivity. [31] Russian physicist Viktor Lakhno from Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, RAS considers symmetrical bipolarons as a basis of high-temperature superconductivity. [30] Scientists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University have shown that copper-based superconductors, or cuprates-the first class of materials found to carry electricity with no loss at relatively high temperatures-contain fluctuating stripes of electron charge and spin that meander like rivulets over rough ground. [29] Researchers from Google and the University of California Santa Barbara have taken an important step towards the goal of building a large-scale quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3273] viXra:1905.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-10 07:49:34

### Mistery of Majorana Particles

Authors: George Rajna

This event is considered as a striking proof of the existence of Majorana particles, and it represents a crucial step towards their use as building blocks for the development of quantum computers. [34] In the latest experiment of its kind, researchers have captured the most compelling evidence to date that unusual particles lurk inside a special kind of superconductor. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3272] viXra:1905.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-09 11:51:39

### Multiphoton Quantum States

Authors: George Rajna

The team created the quantum states in a silicon nanophotonic spiral waveguide to produce bright, tunable, stable and scalable multiphoton quantum states. [20] Researchers in Madrid, Spain, have now observed the quantization of electron energy levels in copper similar to the effects of confinement within a nanostructure, but in a copper sample with no nanoscale dimensions in the plane of the observed effects. [19] This method, called atomic spin squeezing, works by redistributing the uncertainty unevenly between two components of spin in these measurements systems, which operate at the quantum scale. [18] Researchers from the University of Cambridge have taken a peek into the secretive domain of quantum mechanics. [17] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11] Some three-dimensional materials can exhibit exotic properties that only exist in "lower" dimensions. For example, in one-dimensional chains of atoms that emerge within a bulk sample, electrons can separate into three distinct entities, each carrying information about just one aspect of the electron's identity-spin, charge, or orbit. The spinon, the entity that carries information about electron spin, has been known to control magnetism in certain insulating materials whose electron spins can point in any direction and easily flip direction. Now, a new study just published in Science reveals that spinons are also present in a metallic material in which the orbital movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus is the driving force behind the material's strong magnetism. [10] Currently studying entanglement in condensed matter systems is of great interest. This interest stems from the fact that some behaviors of such systems can only be explained with the aid of entanglement. [9] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the University of Cambridge in the UK have demonstrated that it is possible to directly generate an electric current in a magnetic material by rotating its magnetization. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3271] viXra:1905.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-09 20:18:38

### Wave-particle Duality of Macroscopic Particles

Authors: Mingshan Ye
Comments: 4 Pages. Quantum effect exists in macroscopic world

Different schools have different explanations for the wave-particle duality of microscopic particles. Hidden variable interpretation, pilot wave interpretation, stochastic processes interpretation and so on all think that the generation of wave-particle duality has deeper reasons. According to these interpretations, macroscopic objects can also exhibit significant wave-particle duality. The authors performed a "round-hole diffraction experiment of powder particles": some powder particles of the same mass and shape are freely dropped to a plane one by one through a circular hole. At first, the powder particles are distributed disorderly on the plate in the box. With the increase of the number of falling powder particles, a diffraction pattern composed of several concentric rings is gradually presented. This implies that wave-particle duality is not unique to microscopic particles, and it is also exhibited by macroscopic objects. The experimental results help to reveal the nature of wave-particle duality.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3270] viXra:1905.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-09 21:47:40

### 宏观物质颗粒的波粒二象性

Authors: 叶明山

Category: Quantum Physics

[3269] viXra:1905.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-08 07:13:51

### New Material Quasiparticles

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at PSI have investigated a novel crystalline material that exhibits electronic properties that have never been seen before. [36] Nanoparticles of less than 100 nanometres in size are used to engineer new materials and nanotechnologies across a variety of sectors. [35] For years, researchers have been trying to find ways to grow an optimal nanowire, using crystals with perfectly aligned layers all along the wire. [34] Ferroelectric materials have a spontaneous dipole moment which can point up or down. [33] Researchers have successfully demonstrated that hypothetical particles that were proposed by Franz Preisach in 1935 actually exist. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3268] viXra:1905.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-08 09:16:46

### Bell's Inequality Superconducting Qubits

Authors: George Rajna

The efficient generation of entanglement between remote quantum nodes is a crucial step in securing quantum communications. [29] Important challenges in creating practical quantum computers have been addressed by two independent teams of physicists in the US. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3267] viXra:1905.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-09 03:41:37

### Quantum Nanoconfinement Effects

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers in Madrid, Spain, have now observed the quantization of electron energy levels in copper similar to the effects of confinement within a nanostructure, but in a copper sample with no nanoscale dimensions in the plane of the observed effects. [19] This method, called atomic spin squeezing, works by redistributing the uncertainty unevenly between two components of spin in these measurements systems, which operate at the quantum scale. [18] Researchers from the University of Cambridge have taken a peek into the secretive domain of quantum mechanics. [17] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11] Some three-dimensional materials can exhibit exotic properties that only exist in "lower" dimensions. For example, in one-dimensional chains of atoms that emerge within a bulk sample, electrons can separate into three distinct entities, each carrying information about just one aspect of the electron's identity-spin, charge, or orbit. The spinon, the entity that carries information about electron spin, has been known to control magnetism in certain insulating materials whose electron spins can point in any direction and easily flip direction. Now, a new study just published in Science reveals that spinons are also present in a metallic material in which the orbital movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus is the driving force behind the material's strong magnetism. [10] Currently studying entanglement in condensed matter systems is of great interest. This interest stems from the fact that some behaviors of such systems can only be explained with the aid of entanglement. [9] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the University of Cambridge in the UK have demonstrated that it is possible to directly generate an electric current in a magnetic material by rotating its magnetization. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3266] viXra:1905.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-07 10:45:52

### Graphene Plasmons Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna

Physicists from the University of Vienna and the Institute of Photonic Sciences in Barcelona have shown that tailored graphene structures enable single photons to interact with each other. [42] Physicists at ETH Zurich have now demonstrated an elegant way to relax this intrinsic incompatibility using a mechanical oscillator formed by a single trapped ion, opening up a route for fundamental studies and practical uses alike. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3265] viXra:1905.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-08 03:10:30

### De Wiskunde van de Fysieke Werkelijkheid

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 188 Pages. U kunt dit bestand naar een lokale print-shop brengen. Deze dienstverlener kan er dan een betaalbaar en gemakkelijk leesbaar A4-formaat ringband boek van maken.

Het belangrijkste onderwerp van dit boek is een puur wiskundig model van de fysieke werkelijkheid. Het boek fungeert als een overzicht van het Hilbert Book Model project. Het project betreft een goed gefundeerd, puur wiskundig model van fysische realiteit. Het project berust op de overtuiging dat de fysieke werkelijkheid zijn eigen soort van wiskunde bezit en dat deze wiskunde de uitbreiding van het fundament tot meer gecompliceerde niveaus van de structuur en het gedrag van de fysieke werkelijkheid begeleid en inperkt. Dit resulteert in een model dat meer en meer lijkt op de fysieke werkelijkheid die mensen kunnen observeren. Het boek behandelt verschillende onderwerpen die rechtstreeks verband houden met het hoofdonderwerp. Het boek introduceert nieuwe fysica en nieuwe wiskunde.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3264] viXra:1905.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-08 03:25:11

### Ultra-Secure Virtual Money

Authors: George Rajna

A new type of money that allows users to make decisions based on information arriving at different locations and times, and that could also protect against attacks from quantum computers, has been proposed by a researcher at the University of Cambridge. [25] Shortcomings of security breach notifications, best practices for phishing warnings and lessons learned from the use of analytics to improve student performance are among several studies University of Michigan researchers will present beginning this weekend in the United Kingdom. [24] But moral questions about what data should be collected and how it should be used are only the beginning. [23] A self-driving vehicle has to detect objects, track them over time, and predict where they will be in the future in order to plan a safe manoeuvre. [22] In order to improve world food conditions, a team around computer science professor Kristian Kersting was inspired by the technology behind Google News. [21] Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is one of a number of biophysical techniques used for determining the structural characteristics of biomolecules. [20] A deep neural network running on an ordinary desktop computer is interpreting highly technical data related to national security as well as-and sometimes better than-today's best automated methods or even human experts. [19] Scientists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have pioneered the use of GPU-accelerated deep learning for rapid detection and characterization of gravitational waves. [18] Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed a mathematical model for the emergence of innovations. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3263] viXra:1905.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-06 11:47:28

### Holographic Quantum Computation

Authors: George Rajna

The scientists used the quantum nature of the electron-light interaction to separate the electron-reference and electron-imaging beams in energy instead of space. [37] A holographic acoustic tweezers (HAT) system has been used to suspend up to 25 objects in mid-air simultaneously. [36] Holography is a powerful tool that can reconstruct wavefronts of light and combine the fundamental wave properties of amplitude, phase, polarization, wave vector and frequency. [35] Physicist Artem Rudenko from Kansas State University and his colleagues pondered how to improve the images of viruses and microparticles that scientists get from X-rays. [34] A team of materials scientists from Penn State, Cornell and Argonne National Laboratory have, for the first time, visualized the 3-D atomic and electron density structure of the most complex perovskite crystal structure system decoded to date. [33] Hydrogen-powered electronics, travel, and more may be a step closer thanks to the work of a collaborative team of scientists in Japan. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/information+processing/" information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality-a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3262] viXra:1905.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-06 13:26:19

### Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers have developed a simple and stable device to generate the quantum states necessary for quantum key distribution. [41] A collaborative team, led by scientists from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), developed a highly-sensitive nano-thermometer that uses atom-like inclusions in diamond nanoparticles to accurately measure temperature at the nanoscale. [40] Imagine being able to shape a pulse of light in any conceivable manner-compressing it, stretching it, splitting it in two, changing its intensity or altering the direction of its electric field. [39] When exposed to intense laser pulses, the magnetization of a material can be manipulated very fast. [38] A new laser-pointing platform developed at MIT may help launch miniature satellites into the high-rate data game. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3261] viXra:1905.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-05 10:12:42

### Antimatter Quantum Interferometry

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers in Italy and Switzerland have performed the first ever double-slit-like experiment on antimatter using a Talbot-Lau interferometer and a positron beam. [26] Two new experiments at CERN, ALPHA-g and GBAR, have now started their journey towards answering this question. [25] Mysterious radiation emitted from distant corners of the galaxy could finally be explained with efforts to recreate a unique state of matter that blinked into existence in the first moments after the Big Bang. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3260] viXra:1905.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-05 21:16:49

### A Physical Explanation for Particle Spin

Authors: Dirk Pons, Arion Pons, Aiden Pons

CONTEXT - The spin of a particle is physically manifest in multiple phenomena. For quantum mechanics (QM), spin is an intrinsic property of a point particle, but an ontological explanation is lacking. In this paper we propose a physical explanation for spin at the sub-particle level, using a non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) theory. APPROACH - Mechanisms for spin were inferred from the Cordus NLHV theory, specifically from theorised structures at the sub-particle level. RESULTS – Physical geometry of the particle can explain spin phenomena: polarisation, Pauli exclusion principle (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox), excited states, and selective spin of neutrino species. A quantitative derivation is provided for electron spin g-factor g = 2, and a qualitative explanation for the anomalous component. IMPLICATIONS - NLHV theory offers a candidate route to new physics at the sub-particle level. This also implies philosophically that physical realism may apply to physics at the deeper level below QM. ORIGINALITY – The electron g-factor has been derived using sub-particle structures in NLHV theory, without using quantum theory. This is significant as the g-factor is otherwise considered uniquely predicted by QM. Explanations are provided for spin phenomena in terms of physical sub-structures to the particle.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3259] viXra:1905.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-04 09:21:22

### Quantum Light at the Nanoscale

Authors: George Rajna

A collaborative team, led by scientists from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), developed a highly-sensitive nano-thermometer that uses atom-like inclusions in diamond nanoparticles to accurately measure temperature at the nanoscale. [40] Imagine being able to shape a pulse of light in any conceivable manner—compressing it, stretching it, splitting it in two, changing its intensity or altering the direction of its electric field. [39] When exposed to intense laser pulses, the magnetization of a material can be manipulated very fast. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3258] viXra:1905.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-04 10:08:07

### Diamonds for Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna

Nanodiamonds doped with such elements could be applied to quantum information science—a rapidly expanding field that includes quantum communication and quantum computing. [41] A collaborative team, led by scientists from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), developed a highly-sensitive nano-thermometer that uses atom-like inclusions in diamond nanoparticles to accurately measure temperature at the nanoscale. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3257] viXra:1905.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-03 08:52:16

### Particle Simulation Quantum Leap

Authors: George Rajna

A group of scientists at the Department of Energy's Fermilab has figured out how to use quantum computing to simulate the fundamental interactions that hold together our universe. [47] Phonons, or more specifically, surface acoustic wave phonons, are proposed as a method to coherently couple distant solid-state quantum systems. [46] Now a Rochester Institute of Technology researcher has teamed up with experts at the University of Rochester to create a different kind of laser-a laser for sound, using the optical tweezer technique invented by Ashkin. [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3256] viXra:1905.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-03 09:25:18

### Laser-Driven Spin Dynamics

Authors: George Rajna

When exposed to intense laser pulses, the magnetization of a material can be manipulated very fast. [38] A new laser-pointing platform developed at MIT may help launch miniature satellites into the high-rate data game. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3255] viXra:1905.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-03 10:31:40

### Photons Quantum Sensor

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers led by Tracy Northup at the University of Innsbruck have now built a quantum sensor that can measure light particles non-destructively. [22] A study by the Quantum Technologies for Information Science (QUTIS) group of the UPV/EHU's Department of Physical Chemistry, has produced a series of protocols for quantum sensors that could allow images to be obtained by means of the nuclear magnetic resonance of single biomolecules using a minimal amount of radiation. [21] An international team of physicists at ETH Zurich, Aalto University, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics in Moscow has demonstrated that algorithms and hardware developed originally in the context of quantum computation can be harnessed for quantum-enhanced sensing of magnetic fields. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3254] viXra:1905.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-02 12:02:10

### Phonon-Mediated Qubit Entanglement

Authors: George Rajna

Phonons, or more specifically, surface acoustic wave phonons, are proposed as a method to coherently couple distant solid-state quantum systems. [46] Now a Rochester Institute of Technology researcher has teamed up with experts at the University of Rochester to create a different kind of laser-a laser for sound, using the optical tweezer technique invented by Ashkin. [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3253] viXra:1905.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-01 06:59:59

### Quantum Bits with Sound

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists with the Institute for Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago have made two breakthroughs in the quest to develop quantum technology. [44] A theoretical concept to realize quantum information processing has been developed by Professor Guido Burkard and his team of physicists at the University of Konstanz. [43] As the number of hacks and security breaches rapidly climbs, scientists say there may be a way to make a truly unhackable network by using the laws of quantum physics. [42] This world-first nanophotonic device, just unveiled in Nature Communications, encodes more data and processes it much faster than conventional fiber optics by using a special form of 'twisted' light. [41] Purdue University researchers created a new technique that would increase the secret bit rate 100-fold, to over 35 million photons per second. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3252] viXra:1904.0595 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-30 07:57:42

### Atom Extracts Photons from Laser Light

Authors: George Rajna

A similar method developed by a team from the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching works on light quanta – photons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3251] viXra:1904.0582 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-30 21:46:24

### “Spooky” Interaction and Non-Classical Interference Interpreted by a Product of Classical Electric Filed

Authors: Kazufumi Sakai
Comments: 8 Pages. Journal for Foundations and Applications of Physics, vol. 6, No. 2 (2019)

Many experiments to verify nonlocal interaction and non-classical phenomena using entangled lights were conducted in the 1980s, and many physicists were interested in their unrecognizable correlation. These quantum mechanical effects were used in Aspect's experiments and Bell tests and had a great influence on the interpretation of quantum mechanics. However, their essence, including their “spooky” interaction, is unknown. In this study, we show that entangled light can be expressed by the product of electric fields and that the same result as quantum mechanics can be obtained using the product form.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3250] viXra:1904.0580 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-29 07:34:22

### Quantum Memory Efficiency Record

Authors: George Rajna

The team created such a quantum memory by trapping billions of rubidium atoms into a tiny, hair-like space-those atoms are cooled down to nearly absolute zero (about 0.00001 K) using lasers and a magnetic field. [28] Concerning the development of quantum memories for the realization of global quantum networks, scientists of the Quantum Dynamics Division led by Professor Gerhard Rempe at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ) have now achieved a major breakthrough: they demonstrated the long-lived storage of a photonic qubit on a single atom trapped in an optical resonator. [26] Achieving strong light-matter interaction at the quantum level has always been a central task in quantum physics since the emergence of quantum information and quantum control. [25] Operation at the single-photon level raises the possibility of developing entirely new communication and computing devices, ranging from hardware random number generators to quantum computers. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices-small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3249] viXra:1904.0574 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-29 12:56:20

### The Electron is a Photon Around Dark Matter

Category: Quantum Physics

[3248] viXra:1904.0562 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-30 04:49:44

### Color Tuning of LED Bulbs

Authors: George Rajna

Volkmar Dierolf and an international team demonstrate the possibility of tuning the color of a GaN LED by changing the time sequence at which the operation current is provided to the device. [29] Advancing a research technique such as ultra-fast electron diffraction will help future generations of materials scientists to investigate materials and chemical reactions with new precision. [28] But an international group led by Prof. Beena Kalisky and Prof. Aviad Frydman, from the Department of Physics and the Institute for Nanotechnology at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, has succeeded in imaging quantum fluctuations for the first time. [27] To tame chaos in powerful semiconductor lasers, which causes instabilities, scientists have introduced another kind of chaos. [26] An international team of scientists developed the world's first anti-laser for a nonlinear Bose-Einstein condensate of ultracold atoms. [25] A kiwi physicist has discovered the energy difference between two quantum states in the helium atom with unprecedented accuracy, a groundbreaking discovery that contributes to our understanding of the universe and space-time and rivals the work of the world's most expensive physics project, the Large Hadron Collider. [24] Physicists and material scientists have succeeded in constructing a motor and an energy storage device from one single component. [23] Heat pipes are devices to keep critical equipment from overheating. They transfer heat from one point to another through an evaporation-condensation process and are used in everything from cell phones and laptops to air conditioners and spacecraft. [22] Now, researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have developed an algorithm that can discover and optimize these materials in a matter of months, relying on solving quantum mechanical equations, without any experimental input. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3247] viXra:1904.0551 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-28 12:53:54

### Modified General Relativity and the Klein-Gordon Equation in Curved Spacetime

Authors: Gary Nash

From the existence of a line element field $(A^{\beta},-A^{\beta})$ on a four-dimensional time oriented Lorentzian manifold with metric, the Klein-Gordon equation in curved spacetime, $\nabla_{\mu}\nabla^{\mu}\Psi=k^{2}\Psi$, can be constructed from one of the pair of regular vectors in the line element field, its covariant derivative and associated spinor-tensor; and scalar product for spins 1,1/2 and 0, respectively. The left side of the asymmetric wave equation can then be symmetrized. The symmetric part, $\tilde{\varPsi}_{\alpha\beta}$, is the Lie derivative of the metric, which links the Klein-Gordon equation to modified general relativity for spins 1,1/2 and 0. Modified general relativity is intrinsically hidden in the Klein-Gordon equation for spins 2 and 3/2. Massless gravitons do not exist as force mediators of gravity in a four-dimensional time oriented Lorentzian spacetime. The diffeomorphism group Diff(M) is not restricted to the Lorentz group. $\tilde{\varPsi}_{\alpha\beta}$ can instantaneously transmit information to, and quantum properties from, its antisymmetric partner $K_{\alpha\beta}$ along $A^{\beta}$. This establishes the concept of entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3246] viXra:1904.0546 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-29 04:35:19

### Must a Quantum Mechanical Particle Sometimes be in Two Places at Once?

Authors: John Hemp

In this short paper, we point out that the interference of probabilities in the double slit experiment, or in a particle interferometer, should not necessarily lead us to think that a quantum mechanical particle’s position is a meaningless concept or that continuous motion of a quantum mechanical particle is an impossibility. We do not need to conclude that a particle must sometimes be in two places at once, or that nature herself does not know exactly where a particle is etc. We show that the argument leading to that kind of conclusion, based on the interference of probabilities, is illogical when probability is viewed in a rational Bayesian fashion i.e. as accounting for rational degree of belief in an occurrence rather than the relative frequency of that occurrence in many trials. We lend support to the view that much progress may be made in the interpretation of the quantum formalism and in the formation of physical pictures of processes in quantum mechanics by viewing probability in a rational Bayesian manner. Keywords Quantum Mechanics, uncertainty principle, Bayesian probability, Realism, QBism.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3245] viXra:1904.0538 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-27 09:45:19

### Bright Glow from Empty Space

Authors: George Rajna

Particles travelling through empty space can emit bright flashes of gamma rays by interacting with the quantum vacuum, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Strathclyde. [27] Researchers from the University of Bristol have shed new light on the process of quantum measurement, one of the defining, and most quantum features of quantum mechanics. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3244] viXra:1904.0535 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-27 10:47:18

### Supersolid Quantum Gas

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers led by Francesca Ferlaino from the University of Innsbruck and the Austrian Academy of Sciences report in Physical Review X on the observation of supersolid behavior in dipolar quantum gases of erbium and dysprosium. [28] Particles travelling through empty space can emit bright flashes of gamma rays by interacting with the quantum vacuum, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Strathclyde. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3243] viXra:1904.0524 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-26 07:17:07

### Spin Doctors Quantum Effect

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists find surprising way to affect information storage properties in metal alloy. [30] A new method allows the quantum state of atomic "qubits"-the basic unit of information in quantum computers-to be measured with twenty times less error than was previously possible, without losing any atoms. [29] Nanoparticles derived from tea leaves inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, destroying up to 80% of them, new research by a joint Swansea University and Indian team has shown. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3242] viXra:1904.0522 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-26 07:43:30

### Insight into Quantum Measurement

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers from the University of Bristol have shed new light on the process of quantum measurement, one of the defining, and most quantum features of quantum mechanics. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3241] viXra:1904.0521 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-26 08:31:13

### Diamond Quantum Sensors

Authors: George Rajna

For the first time, physicists at the University of Basel have succeeded in measuring the magnetic properties of atomically thin van der Waals materials on the nanoscale. [30] Diamonds are prized for their purity, but their flaws might hold the key to a new type of highly secure communications. [29] Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, and Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, have demonstrated a 4000 kilometre fibre-optical transmission link using ultra low-noise, phase-sensitive optical amplifiers. [28] Researchers at the University of York have shown that a new quantum-based procedure for distributing secure information along communication lines could be successful in preventing serious security breaches. [27] In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist-a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal-a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse-in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3240] viXra:1904.0520 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-26 08:53:08

### Coffee Machine Ion Traps

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists from ITMO University have developed and applied a new method for analyzing the electromagnetic field inside ion traps. [31] For the first time, physicists at the University of Basel have succeeded in measuring the magnetic properties of atomically thin van der Waals materials on the nanoscale. [30] Diamonds are prized for their purity, but their flaws might hold the key to a new type of highly secure communications. [29] Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, and Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, have demonstrated a 4000 kilometre fibre-optical transmission link using ultra low-noise, phase-sensitive optical amplifiers. [28] Researchers at the University of York have shown that a new quantum-based procedure for distributing secure information along communication lines could be successful in preventing serious security breaches. [27] In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist-a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal-a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse-in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3239] viXra:1904.0509 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-27 02:19:52

### Detangling Quantum Entanglement

Authors: George Rajna

Einstein called entanglement "spooky action at a distance," a name that has stuck and become increasingly popular. Beyond just building better quantum computers, understanding and harnessing entanglement is also useful in other ways. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3238] viXra:1904.0506 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-27 04:38:10

### Quantum States of Gold Nanoclusters

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University's Department of Chemistry have found a way to control the lifetime of the quantum states of gold nanoclusters by three orders of magnitude, which could lead to improvements in solar cell and photocatalysis technologies. [39] Einstein called entanglement "spooky action at a distance," a name that has stuck and become increasingly popular. Beyond just building better quantum computers, understanding and harnessing entanglement is also useful in other ways. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3237] viXra:1904.0499 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-25 09:10:25

### Laser Beam Shaping Enhanced

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers from Osaka University have developed a technique for improving accuracy of laser beam shaping and wavefront obtained by conventional methods with no additional cost by optimizing virtual phase grating. [13] Conventional electron accelerators have become an indispensable tool in modern research. [12] An outstanding conundrum on what happens to the laser energy after beams are fired into plasma has been solved in newly-published research at the University of Strathclyde. [11]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3236] viXra:1904.0498 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-25 09:30:11

### Laser-Plasma Interaction Breakthrough

Authors: George Rajna

A new 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation tool developed by researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and CEA Saclay is enabling cutting-edge simulations of laser/plasma coupling mechanisms that were previously out of reach of standard PIC codes used in plasma research. [14] Researchers from Osaka University have developed a technique for improving accuracy of laser beam shaping and wavefront obtained by conventional methods with no additional cost by optimizing virtual phase grating. [13]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3235] viXra:1904.0497 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-25 10:39:43

### Sharper Diffraction Images

Authors: George Rajna

Sharper Diffraction Images Advancing a research technique such as ultra-fast electron diffraction will help future generations of materials scientists to investigate materials and chemical reactions with new precision. [28] But an international group led by Prof. Beena Kalisky and Prof. Aviad Frydman, from the Department of Physics and the Institute for Nanotechnology at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, has succeeded in imaging quantum fluctuations for the first time. [27] To tame chaos in powerful semiconductor lasers, which causes instabilities, scientists have introduced another kind of chaos. [26] An international team of scientists developed the world's first anti-laser for a nonlinear Bose-Einstein condensate of ultracold atoms. [25] A kiwi physicist has discovered the energy difference between two quantum states in the helium atom with unprecedented accuracy, a groundbreaking discovery that contributes to our understanding of the universe and space-time and rivals the work of the world's most expensive physics project, the Large Hadron Collider. [24] Physicists and material scientists have succeeded in constructing a motor and an energy storage device from one single component. [23] Heat pipes are devices to keep critical equipment from overheating. They transfer heat from one point to another through an evaporation-condensation process and are used in everything from cell phones and laptops to air conditioners and spacecraft. [22] Now, researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have developed an algorithm that can discover and optimize these materials in a matter of months, relying on solving quantum mechanical equations, without any experimental input. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3234] viXra:1904.0468 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-24 12:05:50

### Atom Quantum Interaction Discovery

Authors: George Rajna

By breaking with conventionality, University of Otago physicists have opened up new research and technology opportunities involving the basic building block of the world—atoms. [35] A novel technique that nudges single atoms to switch places within an atomically thin material could bring scientists another step closer to realizing theoretical physicist Richard Feynman's vision of building tiny machines from the atom up. [34] One of the most enduring "Holy Grail" experiments in science has been attempts to directly observe atomic motions during structural changes. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3233] viXra:1904.0460 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-25 03:10:40

### Nanocomponent is a Quantum Leap

Authors: George Rajna

The research is carried out in the Quantum Photonics Group at the Niels Bohr Institute, which is a part of the newly established Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q) [39] With international collaboration, researchers at Aalto University have now developed a nanosized amplifier to help light signals propagate through microchips. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3232] viXra:1904.0459 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-25 03:38:49

### Device Scale Up Quantum Tech

Authors: George Rajna

The device is potentially scalable because of its flat "planar" surface – a platform that industry already uses in the form of silicon wafers for building classical microprocessors. [40] The research is carried out in the Quantum Photonics Group at the Niels Bohr Institute, which is a part of the newly established Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q) [39] With international collaboration, researchers at Aalto University have now developed a nanosized amplifier to help light signals propagate through microchips. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3231] viXra:1904.0438 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-22 09:14:41

### Printing Press for Quantum Materials

Authors: George Rajna

Called the Quantum Material Press, or QPress, this system will accelerate the discovery of next-generation materials for the emerging field of quantum information science (QIS). [35] A novel technique that nudges single atoms to switch places within an atomically thin material could bring scientists another step closer to realizing theoretical physicist Richard Feynman's vision of building tiny machines from the atom up. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3230] viXra:1904.0436 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-22 10:00:17

### Timely Information

Authors: David Colasante

Physics isn’t physics, unless it’s about the physical. Thus, Wheeler’s ‘It from Bit’ suggests the observed universe arises from a physically-real first principle. Interval-time coordinates reveal a fundamental bit, leading to the more recent ‘It from Qubit’ by way of the implied ‘Qubit from Bit’.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3229] viXra:1904.0406 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-20 06:20:42

### Wrong Copenhagen Interpretation.

Comments: 9 Pages. DANCING GRAVITOETHERTON SUPERFLUID.

PILOT WAVES FROM THE SPACE ITSELF.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3228] viXra:1904.0388 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-19 10:02:16

### The Mathematics of Physical Reality

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 170 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an A4-sized book

The main subject of this book is a purely mathematical model of physical reality. The book acts as a survey of the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe. The book treats several subjects that are directly related to the main subject. The book introduces new physics and new mathematics.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3227] viXra:1904.0373 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-20 04:11:50

### Dipolar Quantum Gases

Authors: George Rajna

Atomic systems that behave very much like supersolids have been created independently by teams of physicists in Italy, Germany have Austria. [30] Ant-Man knows the quantum realm holds shocking revelations and irrational solutions. [29] A new uncertainty relation, linking the precision with which temperature can be measured and quantum mechanics, has been discovered at the University of Exeter. [28] Physicists have demonstrated that energy quantization can improve the efficiency of a single-atom heat engine to exceed the performance of its classical counterpart. [27] A solid can serve as a medium for heat and sound wave interactions just like a fluid does for thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators-resulting in leak-free machines that can stay operating longer. [26] Like watchmakers choosing superior materials to build a fine timepiece, physicists at the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) at the National University of Singapore have singled out an atom that could allow them to build better atomic clocks. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal-a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse-in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3226] viXra:1904.0366 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-18 08:12:55

### Maxwell's Demon at Nanoscale

Authors: George Rajna

Now, researchers at the University of Barcelona have presented the first theoretical and experimental solution of a continuous version of Maxwell's demon in a single molecule system. [27] Lensless microscopy with X-rays, or coherent diffractive imaging, is a promising approach. It allows researchers to analyse complex three-dimensional structures, which frequently exist in nature, from a dynamic perspective. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3225] viXra:1904.0362 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-18 09:13:14

### Room-Temperature Polar Skyrmions

Authors: George Rajna

An international team of researchers has discovered a way to create and observe room-temperature polar skyrmions. [32] Unique physical properties of these "magic knots" might help to satisfy demand for IT power and storage using a fraction of the energy. [31] A skyrmion is the magnetic version of a tornado which is obtained by replacing the air parcels that make up the tornado by magnetic spins, and by scaling the system down to the nanometre scale. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3224] viXra:1904.0354 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-19 02:17:23

### Triplet Superconductivity Demonstrated

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers in France and Japan have demonstrated a theoretical type of unconventional superconductivity in a uranium-based material, according to a study published in the journal Physical Review Letters. [32] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have found that crystals of a recently discovered superconducting material, a layered bismuth chalcogenide with a four-fold symmetric structure, shows only two-fold symmetry in its superconductivity. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3223] viXra:1904.0353 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-19 02:39:22

### Quantum Simulations on Larger Systems

Authors: George Rajna

Through randomly selected measurements, Austrian physicists can now determine the quantum entanglement of many-particle systems. [36] In a recent study published in Nature Physics, a team of researchers at Max Planck Institute Dresden, Heidelberg University, University of Cologne, and DESY-Hamburg attempted to image a material's active orbitals directly in real space, without any modeling. [35] Scientists have shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level, which could lead to better ways of creating chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals. [34] Chinese scientists Xianmin Jin and his colleagues from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully fabricated the largest-scaled quantum chip and demonstrated the first two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons in real spatial space, which may provide a powerful platform to boost analog quantum computing for quantum supremacy. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3222] viXra:1904.0345 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-17 11:48:26

### Imaging Orbitals in Quantum Materials

Authors: George Rajna

In a recent study published in Nature Physics, a team of researchers at Max Planck Institute Dresden, Heidelberg University, University of Cologne, and DESY-Hamburg attempted to image a material's active orbitals directly in real space, without any modeling. [35] Scientists have shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level, which could lead to better ways of creating chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals. [34] Chinese scientists Xianmin Jin and his colleagues from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully fabricated the largest-scaled quantum chip and demonstrated the first two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons in real spatial space, which may provide a powerful platform to boost analog quantum computing for quantum supremacy. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors-sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3221] viXra:1904.0343 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-17 13:05:50

### World-Record Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna

A world-record result in reducing errors in semiconductor 'spin qubits', a type of building block for quantum computers, has been achieved using the theoretical work of quantum physicists at the University of Sydney Nano Institute and School of Physics. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3220] viXra:1904.0342 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-17 13:30:58

### H. e. Kondakci, A.f. Abouraddy. Optical Space-Time Wave Packets Having Arbitrary Group Velocities in Free Space (In Russian)

Authors: V.A.Kasimov

Controlling the group velocity of an optical pulse typically requires traversing a material or structure whose dispersion is judiciously crafted. Alternatively, the group velocity can be modified in free space by spatially structuring the beam profile, but the realizable deviation from the speed of light in vacuum is small. Here we demonstrate precise and versatile control over the group velocity of a propagation-invariant optical wave packet in free space through sculpting its spatio-temporal spectrum. By jointly modulating the spatial and temporal degrees of freedom, arbitrary group velocities are unambiguously observed in free space above or below the speed of light in vacuum, whether in the forward direction propagating away from the source or even traveling backwards towards it.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3219] viXra:1904.0341 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-17 13:30:11

### Increase Reliability of Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna

A new technique by researchers at Princeton University, University of Chicago and IBM significantly improves the reliability of quantum computers by harnessing data about the noisiness of operations on real hardware. [33] A world-record result in reducing errors in semiconductor 'spin qubits', a type of building block for quantum computers, has been achieved using the theoretical work of quantum physicists at the University of Sydney Nano Institute and School of Physics. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3218] viXra:1904.0329 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-16 10:25:21

### Neutrino Mass, Electroweak Coupling Constant and Weak Mixing Angle

Authors: Jacob Biemond
Comments: 5 Pages, including 1 table

A formula for the magnetic moment of a massive Dirac neutrino was deduced in the context of electroweak interactions at the one-loop level in 1977. A linear dependence on the neutrino mass was found. Alternatively, a magnetic moment for a massive neutrino arising from gravitational origin is predicted by the so-called Wilson-Blackett law. Both formulas for the magnetic moment can be combined, yielding a value of 1.530 meV for the lightest neutrino mass m1.

The remaining neutrino masses can then be calculated from recent neutrino oscillation experiments. The results are remarkable. First, the so-called geometric mean mass relation between the three neutrino masses m1, m2 and m3 is in good agreement with our results. Moreover, the empirical ratio of m3 to m1 is close to 33. This result suggests a value of 32 for the reciprocal value of the electroweak coupling constant αW at low energy. The latter value for αW implies an electroweak mixing angle, in reasonable agreement with the value calculated from atomic parity violation experiments on cesium. The obtained result deviates, however, from the weak mixing angle deduced from the standard model.

Category: Quantum Physics

[3217] viXra:1904.0320 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-16 13:09:17

### Electricity from Snowfall

Authors: George Rajna

UCLA researchers and colleagues have designed a new device that creates electricity from falling snow. [21] Two-dimensional (2-D) semiconductors are promising for quantum computing and future electronics. Now, researchers can convert metallic gold into semiconductor and customize the material atom-by-atom on boron nitride nanotubes. [20] U.S. Naval Research Laboratory scientists have developed and patented the fabrication of transparent, luminescent material they say could give smartphone and television screens flexible, stretchable, and shatterproof properties. [19] "Digital quantum simulation is thus intrinsically much more robust than what one might expect from known error bounds on the global many-body wave function," Heyl says. [18] A new finding by researchers at the University of Chicago promises to improve the speed and reliability of current and next generation quantum computers by as much as ten times. [17] Ph. D candidate Shuntaro Okada and information scientist Masayuki Ohzeki of Japan's Tohoku University collaborated with global automotive components manufacturer Denso Corporation and other colleagues to develop an algorithm that improves the D-Wave quantum annealer's ability to solve combinatorial optimization problems. [16] D-Wave Systems today published a milestone study demonstrating a topological phase transition using its 2048-qubit annealing quantum computer. [15] New quantum theory research, led by academics at the University of St Andrews' School of Physics, could transform the way scientists predict how quantum particles behave. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. [13] To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3216] viXra:1904.0319 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-16 13:18:02

### The Possibility of Physical Waves as the Basis of Wave Mechanics

Authors: David M. Gilliam

A new possibility is presented for the development of an alternative picture of wave mechanics, based on physical waves. In this approach, it is postulated that particles emit physical waves that play a role in the mediation of interactions with other particles. Doppler-shifted echoes of these postulated waves are shown to give a new explanation for Bragg scattering with the apparent wavelength h/p, the de Broglie wavelength. The issue of conservation of mass-energy is discussed. Experimental tests of this hypothesis are proposed.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3215] viXra:1904.0310 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-16 23:34:39

### The CMB Energy Equivalence Principle : A Correlation to Planck and Cosmic Horizon Energy

Authors: Ankur S. Bhatt, F.M. Becker

According to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and Wien's displacement law, the CMB's energy value is equivalent to that of the measured and determined neutrino energy. The resulting CMB/neutrino mass is used to determine a ratio by correlating the accelerative work of two forces which corresponds to the cosmic particle horizon and Planck length. Planck's constant is shown to be proportional to the cosmic particle horizon and the CMB mass/energy and the speed of light in vacuum. Planck's constant, the cosmic horizon, the CMB energy and speed of light all appear to be interconnected and their correlations provide an amending perspective on the concepts of the fundamental laws and theories of the cosmos. Specifically, the squared energy of a CMB/neutrino is equal to the product of the energy of the maximum cosmic Rindler horizon, cosmic diameter, and the Schwarzschild radius for a Planck mass.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3214] viXra:1904.0303 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-17 04:19:21

### Phonon Laser Information Processing

Authors: George Rajna

Now a Rochester Institute of Technology researcher has teamed up with experts at the University of Rochester to create a different kind of laser-a laser for sound, using the optical tweezer technique invented by Ashkin. [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3213] viXra:1904.0286 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-15 20:14:48

### Fine Structure of Energy Level of Hydrogen Atom

Authors: Daehyeon KANG

It is believed that the study by the perturbation term is meaningful if the energy level of the hydrogen atom is correctly obtained by special theory of relativity and quantum theory. In this paper, we have investigated the energy levels of hydrogen atoms, including electron and atomic nucleus movements.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3212] viXra:1904.0282 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-16 02:55:05

### 7 Myths about Quantum Physics

Authors: George Rajna

One of the leading lights in the field, Richard Feynman himself said: "I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics." [14] What if the brain could detect its own disease? Researchers have been trying to create a material that "thinks" like the brain does, which would be more sensitive to early signs of neurological diseases such as Parkinson's. [13] University Professor of Applied Physics Stephen Arnold and his team at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering have made a discovery that could lead to Star Trek-like biosensor devices capable of flagging the barest presence in blood of a specific virus or antibody, or protein marker for a specific cancer; or sniffing out airborne chemical warfare agents while they are still far below toxic levels. [12] Lead researcher Dr Jonathan Breeze, from Imperial's Department of Materials, said: "This breakthrough paves the way for the widespread adoption of masers and opens the door for a wide array of applications that we are keen to explore. We hope the maser will now enjoy as much success as the laser." [11] Japanese researchers have optimized the design of laboratory-grown, synthetic diamonds. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3211] viXra:1904.0281 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-16 03:15:05

### Superconductor Unexpected Properties

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have found that crystals of a recently discovered superconducting material, a layered bismuth chalcogenide with a four-fold symmetric structure, shows only two-fold symmetry in its superconductivity. [31] Russian physicist Viktor Lakhno from Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, RAS considers symmetrical bipolarons as a basis of high-temperature superconductivity. [30] Stanford University have shown that copper-based superconductors, or cuprates-the first class of materials found to carry electricity with no loss at relatively high temperatures-contain fluctuating stripes of electron charge and spin that meander like rivulets over rough ground. [29] Researchers from Google and the University of California Santa Barbara have taken an important step towards the goal of building a large-scale quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3210] viXra:1904.0278 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-16 04:07:09

### Laser Optoelectronic Devices

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) discovered a new method to passivate defects in next generation optical materials to improve optical quality and enable the miniaturization of light emitting diodes and other optical elements. [44] Printed electronics use standard printing techniques to manufacture electronic devices on different substrates like glass, plastic films, and paper. [43] A tiny laser comprising an array of nanoscale semiconductor cylinders (see image) has been made by an all-A*STAR team. [42]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3209] viXra:1904.0275 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-14 07:14:05

### Quantum Dot Polymer Screens

Authors: George Rajna

U.S. Naval Research Laboratory scientists have developed and patented the fabrication of transparent, luminescent material they say could give smartphone and television screens flexible, stretchable, and shatterproof properties. [19] "Digital quantum simulation is thus intrinsically much more robust than what one might expect from known error bounds on the global many-body wave function," Heyl says. [18] A new finding by researchers at the University of Chicago promises to improve the speed and reliability of current and next generation quantum computers by as much as ten times. [17] Ph. D candidate Shuntaro Okada and information scientist Masayuki Ohzeki of Japan's Tohoku University collaborated with global automotive components manufacturer Denso Corporation and other colleagues to develop an algorithm that improves the D-Wave quantum annealer's ability to solve combinatorial optimization problems. [16] D-Wave Systems today published a milestone study demonstrating a topological phase transition using its 2048-qubit annealing quantum computer. [15] New quantum theory research, led by academics at the University of St Andrews' School of Physics, could transform the way scientists predict how quantum particles behave. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. [13] To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3208] viXra:1904.0273 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-14 07:33:35

### Two-Dimensional Semiconductors

Authors: George Rajna

Two-dimensional (2-D) semiconductors are promising for quantum computing and future electronics. Now, researchers can convert metallic gold into semiconductor and customize the material atom-by-atom on boron nitride nanotubes. [20] U.S. Naval Research Laboratory scientists have developed and patented the fabrication of transparent, luminescent material they say could give smartphone and television screens flexible, stretchable, and shatterproof properties. [19] "Digital quantum simulation is thus intrinsically much more robust than what one might expect from known error bounds on the global many-body wave function," Heyl says. [18] A new finding by researchers at the University of Chicago promises to improve the speed and reliability of current and next generation quantum computers by as much as ten times. [17] Ph. D candidate Shuntaro Okada and information scientist Masayuki Ohzeki of Japan's Tohoku University collaborated with global automotive components manufacturer Denso Corporation and other colleagues to develop an algorithm that improves the D-Wave quantum annealer's ability to solve combinatorial optimization problems. [16] D-Wave Systems today published a milestone study demonstrating a topological phase transition using its 2048-qubit annealing quantum computer. [15] New quantum theory research, led by academics at the University of St Andrews' School of Physics, could transform the way scientists predict how quantum particles behave. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. [13] To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3207] viXra:1904.0266 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-14 10:33:14

### Locking Together, or Not, the Fractional Charge Quarks that Make up a Proton

Authors: Bruce A. Lutgen

Fractional-charge up and down quarks make up an atom’s protons. The existence of such quarks is well accepted. Despite enormous amounts of energy being expended in the effort, recalling from necessarily limited written resources, a proton has never been successfully broken apart into identifiable constituent quarks. How then is this inability to successfully break protons into observable individual quarks explained?
Category: Quantum Physics

[3206] viXra:1904.0250 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-13 13:50:44

### Diffusion Gravity: Dynamics and Scalability

Authors: DH Fulton

A previous paper introduced the heuristic model of Diffusion Gravity (DG) based on the principle of mass diffusion [1]. That work provided an initial development of an explanation of inertia, acceleration, and gravity from the interaction of mass objects with the active quantum vacuum environment via virtual particle mechanisms. This follow-on article extends the model to incorporate the related dynamics of the virtual particle outflows from mass objects and presents model specifics for inertia, kinetic energy, and orbital motion. Mass Diffusion is the primary active force that drives interactions of the virtual particle agents of the quantum vacuum to produce linear and orbital motion; the active quantum vacuum may be more accurately described as a an agent in gravitation; these aspects of diffusion gravity and other mass-energy considerations are described and discussed in this paper, including derivation and consistency with mass-energy E 0 =mc 2 . Motion models and their descriptions, which comprise Diffusion Gravity Dynamics (DGD), are added to the Diffusion Gravity theory. The Diffusion Gravity model and theory implies application to other physical phenomena such as relativity, light refraction and the role of virtual particles therein, and the model’s scalability to astrophysical phenomena such as flattening of the galactic rotation curves.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3205] viXra:1904.0238 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-12 13:26:39

### Quantum Simulation More Stable

Authors: George Rajna

"Digital quantum simulation is thus intrinsically much more robust than what one might expect from known error bounds on the global many-body wave function," Heyl says. [18] A new finding by researchers at the University of Chicago promises to improve the speed and reliability of current and next generation quantum computers by as much as ten times. [17] Ph. D candidate Shuntaro Okada and information scientist Masayuki Ohzeki of Japan's Tohoku University collaborated with global automotive components manufacturer Denso Corporation and other colleagues to develop an algorithm that improves the D-Wave quantum annealer's ability to solve combinatorial optimization problems. [16] D-Wave Systems today published a milestone study demonstrating a topological phase transition using its 2048-qubit annealing quantum computer. [15] New quantum theory research, led by academics at the University of St Andrews' School of Physics, could transform the way scientists predict how quantum particles behave. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. [13] To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3204] viXra:1904.0231 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-13 04:32:09

### Traffic Cops for Optical Communication

Authors: George Rajna

Engineers at the University of California, Berkeley have built a new photonic switch that can control the direction of light passing through optical fibers faster and more efficiently than ever. [42] Researchers at Missouri S&T have found an unprecedented, economical method for creating high-performance inorganic thin films, or "epitaxial" films, used in the manufacture of semiconductors for flexible electronics, LEDs and solar cells. [41] Femtosecond X-ray experiments in combination with a new theoretical approach establish a direct connection between electric properties in the macroscopic world and electron motions on the time and length scale of atoms. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3203] viXra:1904.0228 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-11 07:38:10

### Quantum Fluctuation in the Void

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a method that allows them to characterize the fluctuations in detail. [56] A team of researchers from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Griffith University in Australia have constructed a prototype quantum device that can generate all possible futures in a simultaneous quantum superposition. [55] Physicists have proposed an entirely new way to test the quantum superposition principle-the idea that a quantum object can exist in multiple states at the same time. [54] Researchers have developed a new device that can measure and control a nanoparticle trapped in a laser beam with unprecedented sensitivity. [53] Researchers have discovered a 'blind spot' in atomic force microscopy-a powerful tool capable of measuring the force between two atoms, imaging the structure of individual cells and the motion of biomolecules. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50] Working in the lab of Mikhail Lukin, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics and co-director of the Quantum Science and Engineering Initiative, Evans is lead author of a study, described in the journal Science, that demonstrates a method for engineering an interaction between two qubits using photons. [49] Researchers with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a new level of control over photons encoded with quantum information. [48] Researchers from Intel Corp. and the University of California, Berkeley, are looking beyond current transistor technology and preparing the way for a new type of memory and logic circuit that could someday be in every computer on the planet. [47]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3202] viXra:1904.0224 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-11 10:30:21

### Optical Atomic Clocks

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers have measured an optical clock's ticking with record-breaking accuracy while also showing the clock can be operated with unprecedented consistency. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3201] viXra:1904.0223 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-11 11:01:33

### Artificial Atoms at Room Temperature

Authors: George Rajna

Ultra-secure online communications, completely indecipherable if intercepted, is one step closer with the help of a recently published discovery by University of Oregon physicist Ben Alemán. [32] Researchers have measured an optical clock's ticking with record-breaking accuracy while also showing the clock can be operated with unprecedented consistency. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3200] viXra:1904.0215 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-12 03:09:37

### Quantum Particles at Large Scale

Authors: George Rajna

In a new study published in EPJ ST, Dr. J.S. Ben-Benjamin and colleagues from Texas A&M University, USA, reverse this approach; starting with quantum mechanical rules, they explore how to derive an infinite number of quasi-distributions, to emulate the classical mechanics approach. [25] A new Tel Aviv University study explores the generation and propagation of excitons in 2D materials within an unprecedented small time frame and at an extraordinarily high spatial resolution. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19] It's well-known that when a quantum system is continuously measured, it freezes, i.e., it stops changing, which is due to a phenomenon called the quantum Zeno effect. [18] Physicists have extended one of the most prominent fluctuation theorems of classical stochastic thermodynamics, the Jarzynski equality, to quantum field theory. [17]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3199] viXra:1904.0213 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-12 03:36:35

### Speed Boost to Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna

A new finding by researchers at the University of Chicago promises to improve the speed and reliability of current and next generation quantum computers by as much as ten times. [17] Ph. D candidate Shuntaro Okada and information scientist Masayuki Ohzeki of Japan's Tohoku University collaborated with global automotive components manufacturer Denso Corporation and other colleagues to develop an algorithm that improves the D-Wave quantum annealer's ability to solve combinatorial optimization problems. [16] D-Wave Systems today published a milestone study demonstrating a topological phase transition using its 2048-qubit annealing quantum computer. [15] New quantum theory research, led by academics at the University of St Andrews' School of Physics, could transform the way scientists predict how quantum particles behave. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. [13] To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3198] viXra:1904.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-09 06:42:26

### Quantization of Electromagnetic Field in Rindler Space-Time

Authors: Sangwha Yi

The article treats quantization of lectromagnetic field that is defined in Rindler spacetime. Likely the electromagnetic field, the potential did quantizated in inertial frame, the electromagnetic field, the potential can quantizate by the transformation of electromagnetic field or the transformation of the potential in the accelerated frame
Category: Quantum Physics

[3197] viXra:1904.0188 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-09 09:50:04

### Pair-Density Wave in Spin-Valley

Authors: George Rajna

Recent discoveries in high Tc superconductorshave resulted in an intense interest in a "pair-density wave" (PDW) formed in Cooper pairs (an electron pair bound together at low temperatures), although there is little theoretical understanding on the driving mechanisms of this exotic state. [30] Researchers at Northeast Normal University, in China, and University of the Basque Country, in Spain, have recently carried out a study investigating the superconducting transition of electrides. [29] Superconducting quantum microwave circuits can function as qubits, the building blocks of a future quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3196] viXra:1904.0187 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-09 10:08:38

### Mechanism of High-Temperature Superconductivity

Authors: George Rajna

Russian physicist Viktor Lakhno from Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, RAS considers symmetrical bipolarons as a basis of high-temperature superconductivity. [30] Stanford University have shown that copper-based superconductors, or cuprates-the first class of materials found to carry electricity with no loss at relatively high temperatures-contain fluctuating stripes of electron charge and spin that meander like rivulets over rough ground. [29] Researchers from Google and the University of California Santa Barbara have taken an important step towards the goal of building a large-scale quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3195] viXra:1904.0177 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-08 06:26:15

### Optical Tweezer Make Phonon Laser

Authors: George Rajna

The device, which works in the mesoscopic mass range for the first time, might not only be used to help solve fundamental problems in quantum mechanics, it might also find use in precision metrology applications. [24] Although previous research shows that metal nanoparticles have properties useful for various biomedical applications, many mysteries remain regarding how these tiny materials form, including the processes that generate size variations. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3194] viXra:1904.0174 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-08 08:28:57

### Dipolar Quantum Supersolid Gasses

Authors: George Rajna

Three teams of researchers working independently of one another have shown that certain dipolar quantum gases are able to support a state of supersolid properties. [43] Neill is lead author of the group's new paper, "A blueprint for demonstrating quantum supremacy with superconducting qubits," now published in the journal Science. [42] Physicists at ETH Zurich have now demonstrated an elegant way to relax this intrinsic incompatibility using a mechanical oscillator formed by a single trapped ion, opening up a route for fundamental studies and practical uses alike. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3193] viXra:1904.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-09 06:06:28

### Quantum Superposition Futures

Authors: George Rajna

A team of researchers from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Griffith University in Australia have constructed a prototype quantum device that can generate all possible futures in a simultaneous quantum superposition. [55] Physicists have proposed an entirely new way to test the quantum superposition principle-the idea that a quantum object can exist in multiple states at the same time. [54] Researchers have developed a new device that can measure and control a nanoparticle trapped in a laser beam with unprecedented sensitivity. [53] Researchers have discovered a 'blind spot' in atomic force microscopy-a powerful tool capable of measuring the force between two atoms, imaging the structure of individual cells and the motion of biomolecules. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3192] viXra:1904.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-06 08:37:46

### Unified Field Theory

1.electromagnetic waves are taking the whole of the universe and space is in equilibrium with electromagnetic waves 2.electromagnetic waves are increased more than the equilubrium status of electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic waves are not in equilibrium with space and they start needing more space and time starts to act up by making the electromagnetic waves collapse on themselves into masses and the masses are expanding in space at the same time 3.masses reach a very large space and so they explode and form electromagnetic waves and they be at their best equilibrium /on 2 when the electromagnetic waves become collapsed on themselves they are doing gravitation and when they are expanding they are doing anti gravitation /we want to understand electrostatics /just like gravitation and antigravitation when we look at masses being compressed by gravitation and expanded by having more space we end up having electrostatic charges that keep atomic particles attracted so to sum it up there are four forces here 1.the force of expansion or repulsion(antigravitation) 2.the force of compression or attraction(gravitation) 3.the force of repulsion between charges(due to the masses as expanding in space would find more space and thus want to expand away from each other(but that doesnt happen more due to the force no. 2 the force of compression)) 4.the force of attraction between charges(due to the masses being compressed towards each other by time(something that is more than the force no.1 the force of expansion))
Category: Quantum Physics

[3191] viXra:1904.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-06 09:38:37

### Laser Sheds Light on Nanoparticle

Authors: George Rajna

Although previous research shows that metal nanoparticles have properties useful for various biomedical applications, many mysteries remain regarding how these tiny materials form, including the processes that generate size variations. [23] With a novel electrochemical biosensing device that identifies the tiniest signals these biomarkers emit, a pair of NJIT inventors are hoping to bridge this gap. [22] The dark skin pigment melanin protects against the sun's damaging rays by absorbing light energy and converting it to heat. [21] Wang, Bren Professor of Medical Engineering and Electrical Engineering, is using PAM to improve on an existing technology for measuring the oxygen-consumption rate (OCR) in collaboration with Professor Jun Zou at Texas A&M University. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3190] viXra:1904.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-06 10:56:43

### Can We Have an Observer-Independent Description of Physical Reality?

Authors: Sunil Thakur

Classical physics assumes that the things exist independently of an act of observation; however, quantum theory suggests that the apparent form of quantum system emerges as a consequence of an act of observation. However, quantum theory is silent on the state of the systems prior to the act of observation. It assumes that the wavefunction collapses as a consequence of an act of observation but does not explain the mechanism of the collapse of wavefunction. Therefore, it is at least incomplete, if not incorrect. In this paper, we have shown that our understanding of the nature of physical reality is based on the false premise that we observe the physical entities, but the mechanism of perception is such that we can only perceive the information generated by the physical entities, not the physical entities. As per the current understanding of the process of perception, the brain projects the information it receives from the sense organs in the physical forms. Therefore, the entity that generates the information must preexist before it can be projected in the physical form. We do not perceive the actual Moon. The apparent form of the Moon is only a projection created by our brain. The apparent form is only a manifestation of something that generates information, but that cannot be observed directly. In the light of this observation, it becomes necessary to examine if we can establish causal relationships between events assuming that the place and time and events are observer independent. Apart from using the criterion prescribed by the EPR paper, we have also used these two methods to determine if we can have an observer independent description of reality. We have shown that an entity must have observer independent values of the physical quantities, but the act of measurement only reveals the observer dependent values of the physical quantities even in the macro world. We have confirmed our observations experimentally as well as through the observation of the natural phenomena.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3189] viXra:1904.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-05 09:07:38

### Pin-Sized Sensor Bring Chemical ID

Authors: George Rajna

Imagine pointing your smartphone at a salty snack you found at the back of your pantry and immediately knowing if its ingredients had turned rancid. [37] Researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Singtel, Asia's leading communications technology group, have demonstrated a technique that will help pairs of light particles smoothly navigate these networks, a breakthrough that will enable stronger cyber security. [36] Researchers of the Institute of Photonic Integration of the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) have developed a 'hybrid technology' which shows the advantages of both light and magnetic hard drives. [35] Researchers at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have developed a simple yet accurate method for finding defects in the latest generation of silicon carbide transistors. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3188] viXra:1904.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-05 09:41:40

### Laser Detecting Pollution

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at EPFL have come up with a new middle infrared light source that can detect greenhouse and other gases, as well as molecules in a person's breath. [38] Imagine pointing your smartphone at a salty snack you found at the back of your pantry and immediately knowing if its ingredients had turned rancid. [37] Researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Singtel, Asia's leading communications technology group, have demonstrated a technique that will help pairs of light particles smoothly navigate these networks, a breakthrough that will enable stronger cyber security. [36] Researchers of the Institute of Photonic Integration of the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) have developed a 'hybrid technology' which shows the advantages of both light and magnetic hard drives. [35] Researchers at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have developed a simple yet accurate method for finding defects in the latest generation of silicon carbide transistors. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3187] viXra:1904.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-04 07:35:30

### Spin Laser Data Transfer

Authors: George Rajna

Engineers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have developed a novel concept for rapid data transfer via optical fibre cables. [19] Particles can exchange their spin, and in this way spin currents can be formed in a material. [18] Researchers have shown that certain superconductors-materials that carry electrical current with zero resistance at very low temperatures-can also carry currents of 'spin'. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3186] viXra:1904.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-04 08:01:45

### Better Laser-Material Interaction

Authors: George Rajna

Using ultrashort laser pulses lasting a few picoseconds (trillionths of a second), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers have discovered an efficient mechanism for laser ablation (material removal) that could help pave the way to the use of lower-energy, less costly lasers in many industrial laser processing applications. [20] Engineers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have developed a novel concept for rapid data transfer via optical fibre cables. [19] Particles can exchange their spin, and in this way spin currents can be formed in a material. [18] Researchers have shown that certain superconductors-materials that carry electrical current with zero resistance at very low temperatures-can also carry currents of 'spin'. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3185] viXra:1904.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-04 08:40:16

### Analyzing X-Ray Laser Experiments

Authors: George Rajna

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) produce incredibly powerful beams of light that enable unprecedented studies of the ultrafast motions of atoms in matter. [21] Using ultrashort laser pulses lasting a few picoseconds (trillionths of a second), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers have discovered an efficient mechanism for laser ablation (material removal) that could help pave the way to the use of lower-energy, less costly lasers in many industrial laser processing applications. [20] Engineers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have developed a novel concept for rapid data transfer via optical fibre cables. [19] Particles can exchange their spin, and in this way spin currents can be formed in a material. [18] Researchers have shown that certain superconductors-materials that carry electrical current with zero resistance at very low temperatures-can also carry currents of 'spin'. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3184] viXra:1904.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-04 08:56:01

### Way to Control Speed of Light

Authors: George Rajna

University of Central Florida researchers have developed a way to control the speed of light. Not only can they speed up a pulse of light and slow it down, they can also make it travel backward. [22] X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) produce incredibly powerful beams of light that enable unprecedented studies of the ultrafast motions of atoms in matter. [21] Using ultrashort laser pulses lasting a few picoseconds (trillionths of a second), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers have discovered an efficient mechanism for laser ablation (material removal) that could help pave the way to the use of lower-energy, less costly lasers in many industrial laser processing applications. [20] Engineers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have developed a novel concept for rapid data transfer via optical fibre cables. [19] Particles can exchange their spin, and in this way spin currents can be formed in a material. [18] Researchers have shown that certain superconductors-materials that carry electrical current with zero resistance at very low temperatures-can also carry currents of 'spin'. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3183] viXra:1904.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-04 09:13:28

### Lattice Vibrations in Semiconductor

Authors: George Rajna

In analogy to the amplification of light in a laser, vibrations of a semiconductor crystal, so-called phonons, were enhanced by interaction with an electron current. [23] University of Central Florida researchers have developed a way to control the speed of light. Not only can they speed up a pulse of light and slow it down, they can also make it travel backward. [22] X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) produce incredibly powerful beams of light that enable unprecedented studies of the ultrafast motions of atoms in matter. [21] Using ultrashort laser pulses lasting a few picoseconds (trillionths of a second), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers have discovered an efficient mechanism for laser ablation (material removal) that could help pave the way to the use of lower-energy, less costly lasers in many industrial laser processing applications. [20] Engineers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have developed a novel concept for rapid data transfer via optical fibre cables. [19] Particles can exchange their spin, and in this way spin currents can be formed in a material. [18] Researchers have shown that certain superconductors-materials that carry electrical current with zero resistance at very low temperatures-can also carry currents of 'spin'. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3182] viXra:1904.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-04 11:18:11

### Faux Proton Charge Smearing in Dirac Hydrogen by "Electron Zitterbewegung"

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann

The commutator of the Dirac free-particle's velocity operator with its Hamiltonian operator is nonzero and independent of Planck's constant, which violates the quantum correspondence-principle requirement that commutators of observables must vanish when Planck's constant vanishes, as well as violating the absence of spontaneous acceleration of relativistic free particles. The consequent physically pathological "zitterbewegung" is of course completely absent when the natural relativistic square-root free-particle Hamiltonian operator is used; nevertheless the energy spectrum of that pathology-free natural relativistic square-root free-particle Hamiltonian is exactly matched by the positive-energy sector of the Dirac free-particle Hamiltonian's energy spectrum. Contrariwise, however, Foldy-Wouthuysen unitary transformation of the positive-energy sector of any hydrogen-type Dirac 4 x 4 Hamiltonian to 2 x 2 form reveals a "zitterbewegung"-induced "Darwin-term" smearing of the proton charge density which is completely absent in the straightforward relativistic extension of the corresponding hydrogen-type nonrelativistic Pauli 2 x 2 Hamiltonian. Compensating for an atomic proton's physically absent "electron zitterbewegung"-induced charge smearing would result in a misleadingly contracted impression of its charge radius.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3181] viXra:1904.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-05 01:32:06

### Once Again About the "Arrow of Time" (In Russian)

Authors: V.A. Kasimov

The concept of the "arrow of time" arose and was established in classical (macro -) physics in Newton's age under the domination of the concept of absolute space and time (3-space and 1-time) as the receptacles of space-time events. However, to talk about the "arrow of time", we must first define the concept of "time".
Category: Quantum Physics

[3180] viXra:1904.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-03 11:24:22

### Optical Tweezers Capturing Atoms

Authors: George Rajna

Trapping single atoms is a bit like herding cats, which makes researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder expert feline wranglers. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3179] viXra:1904.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-02 09:39:46

### Trapped Electrons

Authors: George Rajna

A team of physicists at the University of Cologne has, for the first time, seen a particularly exotic behaviour of electrons on an atomic scale. [25] University of Adelaide researchers have delved into the realm of Star Wars and created a powerful tractor beam-or light-driven energy trap-for atoms. [24] The Purcell effect also has another advantage: It shortens the time it takes the rubidium atom to store and release the quantum information. [23] Monika Aidelsburger uses a special type of optical lattice to simulate quantum many-body phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible to experimental exploration. [22] University of Illinois Professor Harry Hilton brought together several mathematical and physical theories to help look at problems in more unified ways and solve physical engineering problems. [21] A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20] Recently, extensive study shows that the parity-time symmetry breaking in open systems leads to exceptional points, promising for novel applications leasers and sensing. [19] A recent discovery by William & Mary and University of Michigan researchers transforms our understanding of one of the most important laws of modern physics. [18] Now, a team of physicists from The University of Queensland and the NÉEL Institute has shown that, as far as quantum physics is concerned, the chicken and the egg can both come first. [17]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3178] viXra:1904.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-02 10:14:21

### Light-Matter Interaction Record

Authors: George Rajna

An international team of physicists from the Mandelstam Institute for Theoretical Physics at Wits University and the Institut Néel in Grenoble, France, has created a tiny superconducting circuit that mimics the quantum mechanical process in which an atom absorbs or emits light. [34] A tightly focused, circularly polarized spatially phase-modulated beam of light formed an optical ring trap. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing,
Category: Quantum Physics

[3177] viXra:1904.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-02 13:07:26

### The Meaning of Death (No Entity Has Pre-Existing Values in the Physical World)

Authors: Sunil Thakur

Classical physics assumes that the things exist independently of an act of observation; however, quantum theory suggests that the apparent form of quantum system emerges as a consequence of an act of observation. However, quantum theory is silent on the state of the systems prior to the act of observation. It assumes that the wavefunction collapses as a consequence of an act of observation but does not explain the mechanism of the collapse of wavefunction. Therefore, it is at least incomplete, if not incorrect. In this paper, we have shown that the apparent form of entities emerges as a consequence of an act of observation even in the macro world. We have shown that all the entities exist in non-physical form. The wavefunction of an entity is the sum of all the properties the entity may manifest in the physical world. The wavefunction remains unaffected by an act of observation. The apparent form of the observed entity depends as much on the observer as it does on the entity being observed. We have also explained the scientific meaning and significance of death.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3176] viXra:1904.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-01 08:29:19

### New Spin on Majorana Fermions

Authors: George Rajna

Majorana fermions are particle-like excitations called quasiparticles that emerge as a result of the fractionalization (splitting) of individual electrons into two halves. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3175] viXra:1904.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-01 09:21:11

### Quantum Magnetometers

Authors: George Rajna

On April 1 2019, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft launches the lighthouse project "Quantum Magnetometry" (QMag): Freiburg's Fraunhofer institutes IAF, IPM and IWM want to transfer quantum magentometry from the field of university research to industrial applications. [34] Majorana fermions are particle-like excitations called quasiparticles that emerge as a result of the fractionalization (splitting) of individual electrons into two halves. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3174] viXra:1904.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-01 09:43:32

### QMC Simulations Spin Structure

Authors: George Rajna

Recent polarized inelastric neutron scattering experiments have identified the amplitude (i.e. Higgs) mode in C9H18N2CuBr4, a 2-D, near-quantum-critical spin ladder compound that exhibits a weak easy-axis exchange anisotropy. [35] On April 1 2019, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft launches the lighthouse project "Quantum Magnetometry" (QMag): Freiburg's Fraunhofer institutes IAF, IPM and IWM want to transfer quantum magentometry from the field of university research to industrial applications. [34] Majorana fermions are particle-like excitations called quasiparticles that emerge as a result of the fractionalization (splitting) of individual electrons into two halves. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3173] viXra:1904.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-01 10:00:06

### Coupling Between Distant Atoms

Authors: George Rajna

A team of scientists from Waseda University, the Japan Science and Technology Agency, and the University of Auckland have developed an integrated, all-fiber coupled-cavities quantum electrodynamics (QED) system in which a meter-long portion of conventional optical fiber seamlessly and coherently connects two nanofiber cavity-QED systems. [36] Recent polarized inelastric neutron scattering experiments have identified the amplitude (i.e. Higgs) mode in C9H18N2CuBr4, a 2-D, near-quantum-critical spin ladder compound that exhibits a weak easy-axis exchange anisotropy. [35] On April 1 2019, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft launches the lighthouse project "Quantum Magnetometry" (QMag): Freiburg's Fraunhofer institutes IAF, IPM and IWM want to transfer quantum magentometry from the field of university research to industrial applications. [34] Majorana fermions are particle-like excitations called quasiparticles that emerge as a result of the fractionalization (splitting) of individual electrons into two halves. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3172] viXra:1904.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-01 10:17:56

### Molecular-Scale Rubik's Cube

Authors: George Rajna

Ever since Ernő Rubik invented the Rubik's Cube in 1974, the mathematical puzzle has tested the brains and patience of people of all ages. [37] A team of scientists from Waseda University, the Japan Science and Technology Agency, and the University of Auckland have developed an integrated, all-fiber coupled-cavities quantum electrodynamics (QED) system in which a meter-long portion of conventional optical fiber seamlessly and coherently connects two nanofiber cavity-QED systems. [36] Recent polarized inelastric neutron scattering experiments have identified the amplitude (i.e. Higgs) mode in C9H18N2CuBr4, a 2-D, near-quantum-critical spin ladder compound that exhibits a weak easy-axis exchange anisotropy. [35] On April 1 2019, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft launches the lighthouse project "Quantum Magnetometry" (QMag): Freiburg's Fraunhofer institutes IAF, IPM and IWM want to transfer quantum magentometry from the field of university research to industrial applications. [34] Majorana fermions are particle-like excitations called quasiparticles that emerge as a result of the fractionalization (splitting) of individual electrons into two halves. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3171] viXra:1904.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-01 22:07:57

### The Dirac Equation and the Mass of the Fermions

Authors: Anamitra Palit

It is a fact from the standard Model that fermions should be massless. The article brings out this fact in a mathematical manner along with the uncanny attributes like the left handed Dirac spinor moving along the z direction should be independent of the z coordinate.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3170] viXra:1904.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-01 04:12:12

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey book

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 80 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an US Letter-sized book

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3169] viXra:1903.0550 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 10:05:25

### The Relationship of Mass and Charge

Authors: Jeff Yee, Lori Gardi

In this paper, the two distinct properties of particle mass and charge are related, unifying equations for classical mechanics and electromagnetism that use mass and charge as variables for the electron.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3168] viXra:1903.0545 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 19:55:47

### Diffusion Gravity: An Heuristic Model

Authors: Dh Fulton

The evidence from quantum vacuum research suggests that virtual particles may play a much larger role in gravity than previously attributed. Far from being an empty “stage” or blank slate, the vacuum is an active agent in the transmission of energy (photons), and therefore should also serve as the active medium through which gravity works. The model presented here integrates key concepts of an active quantum vacuum and the fundamental physical process of mass diffusion to provide a prime motivator of gravity as well as the key mechanism for the gravitational force.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3167] viXra:1903.0542 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 02:05:43

### Arrow of Time and its Reversal on IBM Quantum Computer. G. B. Lesovik, I. A. Sadovskyy... (in Russian)

Authors: Kasimov V

Uncovering the origin of the arrow of time remains a fundamental scientifc challenge. Within the framework of statistical physics, this problem was inextricably associated with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which declares that entropy growth proceeds from the system's entanglement with the environment. It remains to be seen, however, whether the irreversibility of time is a fundamental law of nature or whether, on the contrary, it might be circumvented. Here we show that, while in nature the complex conjugation needed for time reversal is exponentially improbable, one can design a quantum algorithm that includes complex conjugation and thus reverses a given quantum state. Using this algorithm on an IBM quantum computer enables us to experimentally demonstrate a backward time dynamics for an electron scattered on a two-level impurity.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3166] viXra:1903.0541 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 04:01:38

### Uniquely Distinguishing an Electron’s Spin from Two Quantum States via Riemann Surface Guidance

Authors: Satoshi Hanamura

In this study, we will describe how one electron could consist of a two-state spin system on the basis of a previous study, wherein we obtained a model in which two spinor particles could exist in one electron. The previously reported electronic model used equations to show the energy conservation law of an electron system, which included two spinors. Herein, we will consider these two oscillators as two bases and will start the discussion from the viewpoint that one electron can be considered two-bitwise. For this purpose, we apply the two-bitwise system with a Riemann surface via an analytic continuation. This trial could explain the mixed state of up and down spin states. Furthermore, the two states in which the electron can be of either state can be selected as the disconnection of the analytic continuation of the complex analysis. To consider the magnetic gradient field which would have a force to disconnect the analytic continuation to separate the two domains, it is possible to explain how the spin is fixed in the abovementioned states.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3165] viXra:1903.0532 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 11:04:26

### Quantum Optical Cooling

Authors: George Rajna

When a particle is completely isolated from its environment, the laws of quantum physics start to play a crucial role. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3164] viXra:1903.0528 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-30 04:11:50

### Quantum Heat Engines

Authors: George Rajna

Since quantum systems can exist in a superposition of states there was inevitably keen interest to know whether quantum coherence between energy states could increase heat engine efficiency. [33] When a particle is completely isolated from its environment, the laws of quantum physics start to play a crucial role. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3163] viXra:1903.0519 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 09:52:33

### Ultra-Short Spin Waves

Authors: George Rajna

"The spin waves we observed could be of future relevance to highly integrated circuits." [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3162] viXra:1903.0513 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 12:19:01

### Cored Protons: Cored Protons Join with Each Other and Neutrons and Electrons to Form an Atomic Structure with Energy Being Allocated Beyond the Set Boundaries

Authors: Bruce A. Lutgen

Protons and neutrons, known collectively as nucleons, are made up of quarks. More specifically, up and down quarks. Protons and neutrons when joined together become an atom’s nucleus. Within particle physics, it has been said that gluons (gauge bosons) act as force mediators that work to hold the quarks together in the atom’s nucleus. Contrary to this view, gluons may not be responsible for this attribute of atomic structure. It is being offered that electromagnetic and strong gravity-related forces are in fact responsible for holding the nucleus together as an assembly. Taking that concept even further, the gravity-related force, when radiating beyond the nucleus, will morph into something much weaker but more extensive in range.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3161] viXra:1903.0501 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 08:25:01

### Why We Should Be Skeptical of Quantum Computing

Comments: 32 Pages. Poster presented at American Physical Society meeting, Boston, Mass., Mar. 5, 2019

It is widely believed that quantum computing is on the threshold of practicality, with performance that will soon surpass that of classical computing. On the contrary, it is argued that both the present and the future of quantum computing may be highly uncertain, for the following reasons: 1) The promised performance depends on entanglement-based scaling to massive parallelism, which has not been verified, and may be tested [1]. 2) Even if the theory were correct, exponential sensitivity to noise for highly entangled states could make the technology impractical [2]. 3) Evidence for entanglement in superconducting qubits can be explained using the nonlinear properties of classical Josephson junctions [3]. 4) Evidence for entanglement in arrays of coupled qubits can be explained using conventional energy-band theory with delocalized states. [1] A.M. Kadin and S.B. Kaplan, “Proposed experiments to test the foundations of quantum computing”, 2016, http://vixra.org/abs/1607.0105. [2] G. Kilai, “The Quantum Computer Puzzle ,” 2016, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.00992.pdf [3] J. Blackburn, et al., “Survey of Classical and Quantum Interpretations of experiments on Josephson junctions at very low temperatures”, Phys. Rep. 611, 2016. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.05316.pdf
Category: Quantum Physics

[3160] viXra:1903.0497 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 09:09:07

### Direct Current Hide Objects

Authors: George Rajna

The ability to hide an arbitrary object with a cloak at a distance from the object is a unique task in photonics research, although the phenomenon is yet to be realized in practice. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3159] viXra:1903.0482 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 02:20:50

### New Type of Quantum Algorithm

Here, we propose a new type of quantum algorithm for determining the values of a function. By measuring the output state, we determine all the values of $f(x)$ for all $x$. This is very interesting indeed: the quantum circuit gives us the ability to determine a perfect property of $f(x)$, namely, $f(x)$. This is faster than a classical apparatus.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3158] viXra:1903.0478 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 07:25:47

### Atom States for Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna

A new method allows the quantum state of atomic "qubits"-the basic unit of information in quantum computers-to be measured with twenty times less error than was previously possible, without losing any atoms. [29] Nanoparticles derived from tea leaves inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, destroying up to 80% of them, new research by a joint Swansea University and Indian team has shown. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3157] viXra:1903.0462 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 02:55:55

### No-Cloning Theorem, Kochen-Specker Theorem, and Quantum Measurement Theories

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura, Ahmed Farouk, Do Ngoc Diep
Comments: 6 Pages. International Journal of Theoretical Physics (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-019-04078-8

The usual no-cloning theorem implies that two quantum states are identical or orthogonal if we allow a cloning to be on the two quantum states. Here, we investigate a relation between the no-cloning theorem and the projective measurement theory that the results of measurements are either $+1$ or $-1$. We introduce the Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem with the projective measurement theory. We result in the fact that the two quantum states under consideration cannot be orthogonal if we avoid the KS contradiction. Thus the no-cloning theorem implies that the two quantum states under consideration are identical in the case. It turns out that the KS theorem with the projective measurement theory says a new version of the no-cloning theorem. Next, we investigate a relation between the no-cloning theorem and the measurement theory based on the truth values that the results of measurements are either $+1$ or $0$. We return to the usual no-cloning theorem that the two quantum states are identical or orthogonal in the case.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3156] viXra:1903.0460 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-25 10:12:00

### Quantum Boost Engine

Authors: George Rajna

An international team of researchers has measured a quantum power increase in a quantum boost engine for the first time. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19] It's well-known that when a quantum system is continuously measured, it freezes, i.e., it stops changing, which is due to a phenomenon called the quantum Zeno effect. [18] Physicists have extended one of the most prominent fluctuation theorems of classical stochastic thermodynamics, the Jarzynski equality, to quantum field theory. [17]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3155] viXra:1903.0444 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 06:00:02

### Quantum Splinters and Matter Waves

Authors: George Rajna

Physicists in the United States, Austria and Brazil have shown that shaking ultracold Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) can cause them to either divide into uniform segments or shatter into unpredictable splinters, depending on the frequency of the shaking. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29] Engineers at MIT and Penn State University have found that under the right conditions, ordinary clear water droplets on a transparent surface can produce brilliant colors, without the addition of inks or dyes. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3154] viXra:1903.0437 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-24 08:17:36

### Optical Tweezers with X-rays

Authors: George Rajna

"With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3153] viXra:1903.0422 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-23 10:58:05

### Laser-Induced Electron Avalanche

Authors: George Rajna

By using an infrared laser beam to induce a phenomenon known as an electron avalanche breakdown near the material, the new technique is able to detect shielded material from a distance. [38] The light scattered by plasmonic nanoparticles is useful, but some of it gets lost at the surface and scientists are now starting to figure out why. [37] In a new review, researchers have described the fundamental physics that causes magnetoelectricity from a theoretical viewpoint. [36] Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3152] viXra:1903.0408 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-22 11:40:10

### Taming the Light Screw

Authors: George Rajna

DESY and MPSD scientists have created high-order harmonics from solids with controlled polarization states, taking advantage of both crystal symmetry and attosecond electronic dynamics. [36] Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3151] viXra:1903.0398 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 10:28:41

### Schrodinger’s Cat is Neither Alive Nor Dead

Authors: Sunil Thakur

In this paper, we have analyzed a movie recorded by a team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to show that the quantum states are real, but not physical. We have then analyzed some natural phenomena to show that this observation applies to all the physical entities. Physical form is only a manifestation of a non-physical entity that has its own unique set of potential properties that it can manifest in physical form. The manifestation of the physical entities is observer dependent. An act of observation manifests a physical entity; it does not create it. We have also shown that we live in a non-physical world in which all the phenomena are mere manifestations.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3150] viXra:1903.0396 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 11:37:13

### Light Behaves like Magnet

Authors: George Rajna

Physicists at EPFL propose a new "quantum simulator": a laser-based device that can be used to study a wide range of quantum systems. [35] The DESY accelerator facility in Hamburg, Germany, goes on for miles to host a particle making kilometer-long laps at almost the speed of light. Now researchers have shrunk such a facility to the size of a computer chip. [34] University of Michigan physicists have led the development of a device the size of a match head that can bend light inside a crystal to generate synchrotron radiation in a lab. [33] A new advance by researchers at MIT could make it possible to produce tiny spectrometers that are just as accurate and powerful but could be mass produced using standard chip-making processes. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3149] viXra:1903.0393 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 18:36:43

### Source-Free Classical Electromagnetism, the Free-Photon Schroedinger Equation, and the Unphysical Conjugate-Pair Solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac Equations

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann

This tutorial begins with the relationship of source-free classical electromagnetism to ultra-relativistic free-photon quantum mechanics. The linear transformation of the source-free classical-electromagnetic real-valued transverse vector potential to its corresponding free-photon Schroedinger-equation complex-valued transverse vector wave function is obtained. It is then pointed out that despite the free-photon Klein-Gordon equation's being formally identical to the source-free classical-electromagnetic vector-potential wave equation, it yields not only free-photon Schroedinger-equation wave functions but also their complex conjugates, which don't satisfy the free-photon Schroedinger equation. This is a consequence of admitting complex-valued solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation -- of course only its real-valued solutions apply to the classical vector potential. It is pointed out that solutions of the free-particle Dirac equation likewise occur in conjugate pairs, and that its Hamiltonian operator implies a variety of unphysical consequences, e.g., any Dirac free particle's speed is that of light times the square root of three.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3148] viXra:1903.0380 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 11:34:35

### ATLAS Light Scattering off Light

Authors: George Rajna

Light-by-light scattering is a very rare phenomenon in which two photons interact, producing another pair of photons. [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28] The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3147] viXra:1903.0377 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 12:37:42

### Pressure-Induced Superconducting

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at Northeast Normal University, in China, and University of the Basque Country, in Spain, have recently carried out a study investigating the superconducting transition of electrides. [29] Superconducting quantum microwave circuits can function as qubits, the building blocks of a future quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3146] viXra:1903.0376 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 14:13:55

### Spiraling Crystal Exotic Discovery

Authors: George Rajna

The realization of so-called topological materials-which exhibit exotic, defect-resistant properties and are expected to have applications in electronics, optics, quantum computing, and other fields-has opened up a new realm in materials discovery. [24] Topological effects, such as those found in crystals whose surfaces conduct electricity while their bulk does not, have been an exciting topic of physics research in recent years and were the subject of the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics. [23] A new technique developed by MIT researchers reveals the inner details of photonic crystals, synthetic materials whose exotic optical properties are the subject of widespread research. [22] In experiments at SLAC, intense laser light (red) shining through a magnesium oxide crystal excited the outermost "valence" electrons of oxygen atoms deep inside it. [21] LCLS works like an extraordinary strobe light: Its ultrabright X-rays take snapshots of materials with atomic resolution and capture motions as fast as a few femtoseconds, or millionths of a billionth of a second. For comparison, one femtosecond is to a second what seven minutes is to the age of the universe. [20] A 'nonlinear' effect that seemingly turns materials transparent is seen for the first time in X-rays at SLAC's LCLS. [19] Leiden physicists have manipulated light with large artificial atoms, so-called quantum dots. Before, this has only been accomplished with actual atoms. It is an important step toward light-based quantum technology. [18] In a tiny quantum prison, electrons behave quite differently as compared to their counterparts in free space. They can only occupy discrete energy levels, much like the electrons in an atom-for this reason, such electron prisons are often called "artificial atoms". [17] When two atoms are placed in a small chamber enclosed by mirrors, they can simultaneously absorb a single photon. [16] Optical quantum technologies are based on the interactions of atoms and photons at the single-particle level, and so require sources of single photons that are highly indistinguishable-that is, as identical as possible. Current single-photon sources using semiconductor quantum dots inserted into photonic structures produce photons that are ultrabright but have limited indistinguishability due to charge noise, which results in a fluctuating electric field. [14]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3145] viXra:1903.0374 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 15:26:57

### Refutation of CHSH and a Dual Reality Conjecture

Authors: Colin James III
Comments: 1 Page. © Copyright 2019 by Colin James III All rights reserved. Respond to author by email only: info@cec-services dot com. See updated abstract at ersatz-systems.com. (We warn troll Mikko at Disqus to read the article four times before hormonal typing.)

The equation for the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt [CHSH] inequality is refuted. Hence a dual reality conjecture for experimental (confirmation or) rejection of observer-independence in the quantum world becomes moot. Therefore the CHSH inequality is a non tautologous fragment of the universal logic VŁ4.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3144] viXra:1903.0364 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 08:00:24

### Objects Levitating with Light

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at Caltech have designed a way to levitate and propel objects using only light, by creating specific nanoscale patterning on the objects' surfaces. [31] Scientists have developed a pioneering new technique that could pave the way for the next generation of optical tweezers. [30] To speed up the imaging process, the researchers made their Raman system more compatible with the algorithm. [29] The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3143] viXra:1903.0361 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 09:18:31

### Quantum Tunneling Speed Test

Authors: George Rajna

Measurements at the attosecond scale not only add an extra dimension for the future quantum technologies but also can fundamentally help in understanding the elephant of the quantum room: what is time? [55] Physicists have proposed an entirely new way to test the quantum superposition principle-the idea that a quantum object can exist in multiple states at the same time. [54] Researchers have developed a new device that can measure and control a nanoparticle trapped in a laser beam with unprecedented sensitivity. [53] Researchers have discovered a 'blind spot' in atomic force microscopy-a powerful tool capable of measuring the force between two atoms, imaging the structure of individual cells and the motion of biomolecules. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50] Working in the lab of Mikhail Lukin, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics and co-director of the Quantum Science and Engineering Initiative, Evans is lead author of a study, described in the journal Science, that demonstrates a method for engineering an interaction between two qubits using photons. [49] Researchers with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a new level of control over photons encoded with quantum information. [48] Researchers from Intel Corp. and the University of California, Berkeley, are looking beyond current transistor technology and preparing the way for a new type of memory and logic circuit that could someday be in every computer on the planet. [47] A team of scientists from Arizona State University's School of Molecular Sciences and Germany have published in Science Advances online today an explanation of how a particular phase-change memory (PCM) material can work one thousand times faster.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3142] viXra:1903.0360 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 09:42:59

### Find Leakage in Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna

A new computer program that spots when information in a quantum computer is escaping to unwanted states will give users of this promising technology the ability to check its reliability without any technical knowledge for the first time. [42] With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits-bits of quantum information. [41] Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science have now demonstrated a new hardware platform based on isolated electron spins in a two-dimensional material. [40] Advances in this fast-paced domain could improve devices for data storage and information processing and aid in the development of molecular switches, among other innovations. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3141] viXra:1903.0355 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 11:12:28

### Pilot Waves Theory and Quantum Reality.

Comments: 10 Pages. PILOT WAVES AND NOT MATTER WAVES OF DE BROGGLIE .

THE DANCING GRAVITOETHERTON SUPERFLUID.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3140] viXra:1903.0346 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 06:16:05

### Entangled State Represented by Pendulum Oscillations

Authors: Masataka Ohta

Just as a binary quantum state can be represented by oscillations of a pendulum, quantum states involving multiple particles with binary states, including entangled ones, can be represented by oscillations of exponentially many pendulums.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3139] viXra:1903.0342 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 08:56:23

### Organic Two-Level Quantum System

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen, Germany have recently demonstrated that a molecule can be turned into a coherent two-level quantum system. [24] Researchers at the University of Dundee have provided important new insights into the regulation of cell division, which may ultimately lead to a better understanding of cancer progression. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3138] viXra:1903.0307 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 08:36:18

### Gas Transition Between Quantum and Classical States

Authors: George Rajna

A team of researchers from the MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms has developed a way to study and measure gases as they transition between quantum and classical states due to changes in temperature. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3137] viXra:1903.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 09:00:10

### Quantum Sensing Minuscule Magnetic Fields

Authors: George Rajna

A new way of measuring atomic-scale magnetic fields with great precision, not only up and down but sideways as well, has been developed by researchers at MIT. [29] A team of researchers from the MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms has developed a way to study and measure gases as they transition between quantum and classical states due to changes in temperature. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3136] viXra:1903.0300 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 11:15:56

### Quantum Information Long-Distance

Authors: George Rajna

At the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, researchers have realized the swap of electron spins between distant quantum dots. [27] A quantum circuit that can unambiguously test for information scrambling in an experiment could help verify the calculations of quantum computers and even shed more light on what happens to quantum information when it falls into a black hole. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3135] viXra:1903.0294 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-16 04:37:24

### Quantum Dot Semiconductors

Authors: George Rajna

Tiny, easy-to-produce particles, called quantum dots, may soon take the place of more expensive single crystal semiconductors in advanced electronics found in solar panels, camera sensors and medical imaging tools. [30] North Carolina State University researchers have developed a microfluidic system for synthesizing perovskite quantum dots across the entire spectrum of visible light. [29] Nanoparticles derived from tea leaves inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, destroying up to 80% of them, new research by a joint Swansea University and Indian team has shown. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3134] viXra:1903.0287 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 08:14:59

### Space-Time Symmetry Testing

Authors: George Rajna

It may, however, be possible that—according to theoretical models of quantum gravitation—this uniformity of space-time does not apply to particles. [28] Additionally, the scientists observed the quantum-critical scattering rate characteristic of the Dirac fluid. [27] Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology teamed up with colleagues from the U.S. and Switzerland and returned the state of a quantum computer a fraction of a second into the past. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3133] viXra:1903.0281 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 10:42:32

### Next Generation Optical Tweezers

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists have developed a pioneering new technique that could pave the way for the next generation of optical tweezers. [30] To speed up the imaging process, the researchers made their Raman system more compatible with the algorithm. [29] The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3132] viXra:1903.0270 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 05:19:30

### Recovering Scattered Data with SMART

Authors: George Rajna

High-capacity optical communication can be accomplished by multiplexing multiple light-carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) channels. [31] Scientists have developed a pioneering new technique that could pave the way for the next generation of optical tweezers. [30] To speed up the imaging process, the researchers made their Raman system more compatible with the algorithm. [29] The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3131] viXra:1903.0263 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 08:38:37

### Quantum Computer Reverse Time

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology teamed up with colleagues from the U.S. and Switzerland and returned the state of a quantum computer a fraction of a second into the past. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3130] viXra:1903.0259 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 11:00:31

### Quantum-Critical Conductivity

Authors: George Rajna

Additionally, the scientists observed the quantum-critical scattering rate characteristic of the Dirac fluid. [27] Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology teamed up with colleagues from the U.S. and Switzerland and returned the state of a quantum computer a fraction of a second into the past. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3129] viXra:1903.0245 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 08:14:11

### Extremely Weak Magnetic Signals

Authors: George Rajna

Physicists at Saarland University have developed magnetic field sensors that are breaking sensitivity records and opening up a whole range of potential new applications, from non-contact measurements of the electrical activity in the human heart or brain to detecting ore deposits or archaeological remains deep underground. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors-sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3128] viXra:1903.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 16:43:54

### Bjerknes Brachistochrone Photon V2

Authors: David E. Fuller, Dahl Winters

Ideal Fluid Solution Merging Quantum Physics & Classical Physics Planck Momentum is a Catenary
Category: Quantum Physics

[3127] viXra:1903.0222 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 09:10:42

### Quantum Measurement Cooling

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19] It's well-known that when a quantum system is continuously measured, it freezes, i.e., it stops changing, which is due to a phenomenon called the quantum Zeno effect. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3126] viXra:1903.0221 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 09:49:04

### Quantum Information Scrambling

Authors: George Rajna

A quantum circuit that can unambiguously test for information scrambling in an experiment could help verify the calculations of quantum computers and even shed more light on what happens to quantum information when it falls into a black hole. [26] Researchers at the University of Florence and Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, in Italy, have recently proved that the invasiveness of quantum measurements might not always be detrimental. [25] Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3125] viXra:1903.0218 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 11:36:50

### Plasmonic Switching and Encoding

Authors: George Rajna

Such plasmonic resonances have significant roles in biosensing with ability to improve the resolution and sensitivity required to detect particles at the scale of the single molecule. [40] A novel quantum effect observed in a carbon nanotube film could lead to the development of unique lasers and other optoelectronic devices, according to scientists at Rice University and Tokyo Metropolitan University. [39] This "piezomagnetic" material changes its magnetic properties when put under mechanical strain. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3124] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 17:09:54

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 44 Pages. This is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3123] viXra:1903.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 10:28:22

### A means to make an Extremely Bright Entangled Source

Authors: Remi Cornwall

This paper discusses a means of making an extremely bright path entangled source. An initial laser source is preferred but any source of light: LED, sub-critical laser, coherent or thermal can be used. The light is dimmed by a beam expander until the relative number of |1> or |2> photons increases compared to higher photon states. The expanded beam is then passed through a 1:1 beamsplitter to generate path entanglement on the |1> and |2> photons. A further stage of “purification” can remove the non-entangled higher states by passing the output beams from the beamsplitter through one another, such that the correlated entangled photon electrical fields cancel in some region. In the said region, the uncorrelated non-entangled fields can be Faraday rotated and then absorbed by a polariser. The entangled photons pass through the region without rotation and attenuation. The output from the device then has copious quantities of 1 and 2 photon path entangled suitable for use in telecommunications engineering, secure transmission of data and quantum metrology. The wide beams can be beam-contracted to a thin bright beam and will keep the path entanglement of individual photons, as photons are bosons and so don’t interact, furthermore, all operations are unitary and linear, as by Maxwell’s equations.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3122] viXra:1903.0187 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 19:46:51

### Unit at the Planck Units Curiosities About Alpha and the Charge French

Authors: Francis MALEVAL

The Planck units are defined from fundamental physical constants. Ontologically we notice that the fine-structure constant, intrinsic to the charge, generates on space-time the interlacing of the dimensioned constants ml, h, G, iterated in geometric progression of reason c, the speed of light. As alpha is also “the ratio of the velocity of the electron in the first circular orbit of the relativistic Bohr atom to the speed of light in the vacuum" (Wiki), we have here one-all. Finally, two curiosities about α and e- are presented.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3121] viXra:1903.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 18:54:34

### Statement of Quantum Indeterminacy

Authors: Steve Faulkner

This article is a concise statement of the machinery of quantum indeterminacy — in response to the question: What is indeterminacy; is it something that can be written down?
br>Keywords
foundations of quantum theory, quantum randomness, quantum indeterminacy, logical independence, self-reference, logical circularity, mathematical undecidability, Kurt Gödel.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3120] viXra:1903.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-10 06:34:37

### Uncertainty and the Zitterbewegung Interpretation of an Electron

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle

This paper explores how the Zitterbewegung interpretation and the Uncertainty Principle might mesh. It also further details our geometric interpretation of the de Broglie wavelength.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3119] viXra:1903.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 08:21:30

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at Delft University of Technology have created a quantum circuit to listen to the weakest radio signal allowed by quantum mechanics. [32] A trio of researchers at Columbia University has found more evidence showing that sound waves carry mass. [31] The vacuum is filled with quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field-virtual photons that pop in and out of existence-that are assumed to behave in the same way. To make the plates repulsive and tunable, Wilczek and Stockholm University colleague Qing-Dong Jiang inserted a material between the plates that breaks this behavior. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29] Engineers at MIT and Penn State University have found that under the right conditions, ordinary clear water droplets on a transparent surface can produce brilliant colors, without the addition of inks or dyes. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3118] viXra:1903.0145 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 09:54:20

### Light in Optical Communication

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have fabricated a multiplexer/demultiplexer module based on a property of light that was not being exploited in communications systems: the optical vortex. [35] Optical chips are still some way behind electronic chips, but we're already seeing the results and this research could lead to a complete revolution in computer power. [34] Electronics could work faster if they could read and write data at terahertz frequency, rather than at a few gigahertz. [33] A team of researchers led by the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has demonstrated a new method for splitting light beams into their frequency modes. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3117] viXra:1903.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-08 21:17:07

### A New Neutrino Mass Hypothesis

Authors: Jonathan Deutsch

ABSTRACT We start by realizing that Newton’s classical gravitational constant, G, and the quantum gravitational-structure constant (using h instead of h-bar for accuracy) must be made equivalent. Doing this assigns specific numerical values for the units: gram (gm), centimeter (cm) and second (sec) - - something physics considers absolutely impossible to do! We hypothesize 1 neutrino to be exactly 1 gm X 1 cm/1 sec - - a momentum - - which amounts to approximately 10-10 sec - - a reasonable quantum time interval. The neutrino is thus hypothesized to be A PARTICLE OF TIME! Time is physical. We hypothesize the neutrino mass to be 1 gm X 1 cm/time (sec)/the same amount of time (sec) - - specifically, exactly gmcm/sec2 - - a force (in enormous numbers) - - =(cm/sec2)gm - - a mass! This turns out to be approximately 10-34 gm. That is a very testable result, at least in approximation. Initial estimates are very favorable to our hypothesis, but delicate, precise experiments currently underway and/or future experiments will either confirm or disprove our hypothesis.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3116] viXra:1903.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-07 19:58:41

### An Electrino and Positrino Based Narrative and Model of Nature

Authors: J Mark Morris

The electrino ε- and positrino ε+ are the basis of all matter, the carriers of all energy, and form the ε* plasma and ε8 gas which permeate space. Neither GR nor QM include ε-, ε+, ε* or ε8. A new narrative emerges that requires recasting and reframing of experimental results and theory from physics, cosmology, and astronomy.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3115] viXra:1903.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 08:02:30

### Sound Waves Carrying Mass

Authors: George Rajna

A trio of researchers at Columbia University has found more evidence showing that sound waves carry mass. [31] The vacuum is filled with quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field—virtual photons that pop in and out of existence—-that are assumed to behave in the same way. To make the plates repulsive and tunable, Wilczek and Stockholm University colleague Qing-Dong Jiang inserted a material between the plates that breaks this behavior. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3114] viXra:1903.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 09:39:49

### Optomechanical Kerker Effect

Authors: George Rajna

For the Kerker effect to occur, particles need to have electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the same strength. [33] Technion-Israel institute of Technology researchers have succeeded in generating minute "nano-hedgehogs of light" called optical skyrmions, which could make possible revolutionary advances in information processing, transfer and storage. [32] Unique physical properties of these "magic knots" might help to satisfy demand for IT power and storage using a fraction of the energy. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3113] viXra:1903.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 04:04:39

### Random Anti-Laser

Authors: George Rajna

The so-called random lasers make use of this multiple scattering. Such exotic lasers have a complicated, random internal structure and radiate a very specific, individual light pattern when supplied with energy." [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3112] viXra:1903.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 04:22:00

### Highest Quantum Volume to Date

Authors: George Rajna

IBM has announced at this year's American Physical Society meeting that its System Q One quantum computer has reached its "highest quantum volume to date"—a measure that the computer has doubled in performance in each of the past two years, the company reports. [34] Magnetic materials have a worldwide market share of some $50 billion per year. A new frontier in the study of these materials, femtomagnetism, could lead to ultrafast magnetic storage devices that would transform information processing technologies with storage devices several orders of magnitude faster. [33] Category: Quantum Physics [3111] viXra:1903.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 07:56:20 ### Light Enhance Superconductivity Authors: George Rajna Comments: 15 Pages. Under normal electron band theory, Mott insulators ought to conduct electricity, but they do not due to interactions among their electrons. [29] Important challenges in creating practical quantum computers have been addressed by two independent teams of physicists in the US. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits—circuits that have zero electrical resistance—can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] Category: Quantum Physics [3110] viXra:1903.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-04 10:02:13 ### High-Speed Images Formation Authors: George Rajna Comments: 48 Pages. The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Category: Quantum Physics [3109] viXra:1903.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 01:52:54 ### One-Third of the Electric Charge Authors: George Rajna Comments: 47 Pages. "There's a process in strongly interacting physics where fundamental particles, like electrons, can come together and behave as if they were a fraction of an electron," said Davis, a graduate student in Foster's research group. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29] Category: Quantum Physics [3108] viXra:1903.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 03:40:06 ### Tuning Quantum Forces Repulsive Authors: George Rajna Comments: 47 Pages. The vacuum is filled with quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field—virtual photons that pop in and out of existence—-that are assumed to behave in the same way. To make the plates repulsive and tunable, Wilczek and Stockholm University colleague Qing-Dong Jiang inserted a material between the plates that breaks this behavior. [30] In terms of physics, the interiors of neutron stars, cold atomic gasses and nuclear systems all have one thing in common: they are gaseous systems made up of highly interactive, superfluid fermions. [29] Category: Quantum Physics [3107] viXra:1903.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 04:01:01 ### Magnetic Monopole in the Act Authors: George Rajna Comments: 49 Pages. Such devices would use magnetic films and superconducting thin films to deploy and manipulate magnetic monopoles to sort and store data based on the north or south direction of their poles—analogous to the ones and zeros in conventional magnetic storage devices. [31] The vacuum is filled with quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field—virtual photons that pop in and out of existence—-that are assumed to behave in the same way. To make the plates repulsive and tunable, Wilczek and Stockholm University colleague Qing-Dong Jiang inserted a material between the plates that breaks this behavior. [30] Category: Quantum Physics [3106] viXra:1903.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-05 04:51:06 ### Magnetic Quantum Storage Authors: George Rajna Comments: 53 Pages. Magnetic materials have a worldwide market share of some$50 billion per year. A new frontier in the study of these materials, femtomagnetism, could lead to ultrafast magnetic storage devices that would transform information processing technologies with storage devices several orders of magnitude faster. [33] Devices based on magnonic currents—quasi-particles associated with waves of magnetization, or spin waves , in certain HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/magnetic+materials/" magnetic materials —would transform the industry, though scientists need to better understand how to control them. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3105] viXra:1903.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-03 17:21:09

### The Biggest Fraud Ever

Authors: Peter V. Raktoe

When you act as if an unrealistic physics theory is realistic and when you use or demonstrate it for educational or research purposes, then you are a fraud.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3104] viXra:1903.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 11:18:15

### The Quantum 3-Plane

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

We define the quantum 3-plane and the quantum group Gl_q(3) as the group of automorphisms of it.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3103] viXra:1903.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 13:04:30

### Bjerknes Brachistochrone Photon

Authors: David E. Fuller, Dahl Winters
Comments: 4 Pages. Unification of Phsycs

Ideal Fluid Solution Merging Quantum Physics & Classical Physics
Category: Quantum Physics

[3102] viXra:1903.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 19:54:02

### Veritic Quantum Mechanics Theory(now Proven)

Authors: Savior F. Eason

To understand this paper, you first have to understand Veritic-Broglie Quantum mechanics theory. This postulates an explanation for quantum mechanics. It postulates that there exists Zero-point Planck singularities created by extra-dimensional mass, itself made of it's own essentient units and "trimmed" by the boiling of quantum foam, or super-fluid space at the quantum levels where it behaves very similarly to a boiling liquid or a lava lamp. These singularities, extending into extra-dimensional null-space. However, the vibration of the hyper-fluid means that when these singularities blip out of existence, they create a "Drop" of this base ether that bounces on the hyper-fluid as the fluid vibrates based on quantum vibrational theory, yanked up and down by an infinitely hyper-extending super-string. What's more fascinating as that it releases a wave with each bounce. This wave, if the drop bounces on the edge of the wave itself, carries the droplet, and the nature of these pilot waves causes the drops to configure themselves. These drops, are particles, and this theory would explain it's particle-wave nature and also marry quantum mechanics and some aspects of the general mechanics. But this theory, although mathematically heavy, has never had real proof or traction. Only tests yielding results very open to speculation. Yes, tests yielding results, but nothing really solid. Nothing that makes the theory worth accepting. Until now, that is. However, new research at SIAII as been looking into this. And get this; The concept has been proven. Not only that, but the true nature of these veritic particles has been journalized in this paper, and actively being researched. It has revealed some startling and fascinating truths about how particles actually work. You can learn more about this research, the data, how/why it supports this theory, and the theory itself, in the report.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3101] viXra:1903.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 05:47:09

### Integrated Silicon Photonic Switch

Authors: George Rajna

Experimental photonic switches tested by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A., show promise toward the goal of fully optical, high-capacity switching for future high-speed data transmission networks. [41] Their research involved exploring how to exploit multicore fiber-optic technology that is expected to be used in future transmission networks. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3100] viXra:1903.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 04:48:45

### Local Realism Quantum Mechanics Can Be Established: A Book Review of Quantum Mechanics’ Return to Local Realism

Authors: Runsheng Ru
Comments: Pages. The successful establishment of quantum mechanics in local realism is a very important scientific event. Therefore, this article has great news value and academic value.

The concept of wave function is widely used in existing quantum mechanics. However, the nature of the wave function is unanswerable. Many people are dissatisfied with the quantum mechanics of non-local realism and want to establish the quantum mechanics of local realism. But they did not break through the bottleneck. The model of "real wave curling inside the particle" determines that the wave function is the motion equation of localized real wave.The wave mechanics based on such wave functions is quantum mechanics of localized realism. The mathematical formal system of local realism quantum mechanics is the same as the existing one. Explanation of double slit diffraction can be experiment by directional quantization. The explanation system of local realism quantum mechanics is established, and it is guaranteed that this system can also be organically combined with the existing mathematical formal systems of quantum mechanics.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3099] viXra:1903.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 03:57:05

### Supersymmetric Laser Array

Authors: George Rajna

A team of University of Central Florida researchers has overcome a long-standing problem in laser science, and the findings could have applications in surgery, drilling and 3-D laser mapping. [30] Supersymmetry predicts that two basic classes of fundamental particles, fermions and bosons, accompany each other in the same representation. [29] A fraction of a second after the Big Bang, a single unified force may have shattered. Scientists from the CDF and DZero Collaborations used data from the Fermilab Tevatron Collider to re-create the early universe conditions. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3098] viXra:1903.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 04:40:09

### Practical Photonic Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna

"This work adds confidence that a quantum computer based on photons may be a practical route forward." [47] The research group of Jonathan Home, professor at the Institute for Quantum Electronics at ETH Zurich, has now realised such a qubit encoded in an oscillator. [46] "It's known that as the temperature lowers, the superconductivity is enhanced," Chen said. "The fact that much more supercurrent flowed at even lower temperatures for our device was evidence that it is flowing around these protective surfaces." [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3097] viXra:1903.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 04:47:37

### The Electron as a Harmonic Quantum-Mechanical Oscillator

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle

The particular flavor of the Zitterbewegung interpretation that we have developed in previous paper assumes the electron mass is the equivalent energy of a harmonic oscillation in a plane. We developed the metaphor of a perpetuum mobile driven by two springs that work in tandemin a 90-degree angle and with the same phase difference. This paper explores the limitations of that metaphor.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3096] viXra:1903.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 04:57:41

### Quantum Error in Logic Gates

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists at the University of Sydney have for the first time demonstrated improvement in quantum computers by using codes designed to detect and discard errors in the logic gates of such machines. [48] "This work adds confidence that a quantum computer based on photons may be a practical route forward." [47] The research group of Jonathan Home, professor at the Institute for Quantum Electronics at ETH Zurich, has now realised such a qubit encoded in an oscillator. [46]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3095] viXra:1903.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 05:25:20

### Quantum Communication in Fiber-Optic Networks

Authors: George Rajna

Their research involved exploring how to exploit multicore fiber-optic technology that is expected to be used in future transmission networks. [40] When Greg Bowman presents a slideshow about the proteins he studies, their 3-D shapes and folding patterns play out as animations on a big screen. [39] Researchers at the University of Helsinki uncovered the mechanisms for a novel cellular stress response arising from the toxicity of newly synthesized proteins. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3094] viXra:1902.0507 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 06:06:26

### Immunizing Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna

The research group of Jonathan Home, professor at the Institute for Quantum Electronics at ETH Zurich, has now realised such a qubit encoded in an oscillator. [46] "It's known that as the temperature lowers, the superconductivity is enhanced," Chen said. "The fact that much more supercurrent flowed at even lower temperatures for our device was evidence that it is flowing around these protective surfaces." [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3093] viXra:1902.0487 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 08:19:46

### Snapshot Hear the Quantum World

Authors: George Rajna

Observing these counterintuitive happenings in larger objects has always been difficult, but University of Queensland physicists – part of an Austrian/UK research team – have created a new technique to make the observation of quantum movement much easier. [42] Their work, published in the journal Optica, could have implications for the future of information security, bio-medical science and other fields of study where sophisticated advances are increasingly relying on the ability to incorporate and measure the properties of quantum systems. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3092] viXra:1902.0474 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 12:48:24

### Universal Quantum Entangler

Authors: George Rajna

Now Yale researchers have developed a "universal entangler" that can link a variety of encoded particles on demand. [46] "It's known that as the temperature lowers, the superconductivity is enhanced," Chen said. "The fact that much more supercurrent flowed at even lower temperatures for our device was evidence that it is flowing around these protective surfaces." [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3091] viXra:1902.0462 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 10:29:24

### Further Proofs for the 1-Photon Path Entanglement Communications Scheme

Authors: Remi Cornwall

The author had previously set out devices to communicate over space-like intervals, with a full proof for the 2-photon device and only a partial proof for the 1-photon device. The 2-photon device exploits entangled pairs; the 1-photon device utilises path-entanglement. The 1-photon device is fully analysed, then similarities (and differences) are drawn to the 2-photon device to show the holes in the No-communications Theorem: the creation operators representing the sum of paths through the device can be mapped outside the device and quantum state reduction/measurement is a space-like operation. Furthermore, global phase factors indicating causal delay are removed by the operation anyway.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3090] viXra:1902.0460 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 11:58:29

### Demystifying the Quantum World

Authors: George Rajna

Their work, published in the journal Optica, could have implications for the future of information security, bio-medical science and other fields of study where sophisticated advances are increasingly relying on the ability to incorporate and measure the properties of quantum systems. [41] For the first time, the team created quantum-correlated pairs made up of one visible and one near-infrared photon using chip-based optical components that can be mass-produced. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3089] viXra:1902.0457 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 13:15:43

### Immunizing Quantum Bits

Authors: George Rajna

"It's known that as the temperature lowers, the superconductivity is enhanced," Chen said. "The fact that much more supercurrent flowed at even lower temperatures for our device was evidence that it is flowing around these protective surfaces." [45] Reporting today in the journal Nature, a team of physicists and engineers led by University of Texas at Austin physics professor Xiaoqin Elaine Li report they have created a material with light-emitting properties that might enable hack-proof communications, guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. [44]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3088] viXra:1902.0455 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 14:27:57

### Open Letter To Professor Richard David Gill, PhD

Authors: Ilija Barukčić

Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity ABASTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the relationship between Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity. Methods: In order to clarify the relationship between Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity, several different approaches were chosen and appropriate theorems were developed. Results. It was possible to provide the proof that Aristotle’s law of contradiction is observer dependent but does not contradict Einstein’s special theory of relativity. Furthermore, a derivation of Aristotle’s law of contradiction from the identity law (principium identitatis) was provided. Conclusions Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity are compatible with each other. Keywords: principium identitatis, principium contradictionis, causality, Einstein’s special theory of relativity
Category: Quantum Physics

[3087] viXra:1902.0453 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 16:26:14

### Unit at the Planck units

Authors: Francis MALEVAL

Planck units are defined from fundamental physical constants (we exclude in this study the physico-chemical Boltzmann constant). If we put the charge, not originally defined by Planck, at the center of this system, this interaction sits on a limit as would be a mathematical structure taking form on the surface of a mirror concept][reality, QM][GR. The coupling constant alpha, intrinsic to the charge, behaves like a metonymy of a part for the whole and, as a causet, generates on space-time an interlacing of dimensioned constants, iterated under a geometric sequence. “A very simple structure is not incompatible with the inexhaustible character of the information contained as well in physics as in mathematics”. A.Connes
Category: Quantum Physics

[3086] viXra:1902.0443 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 06:48:51

### Optical Quantum Micro-Combs

Authors: George Rajna

Compact quantum devices could be incorporated into laptops and mobile phones, thanks in part to small devices called quantum optical micro-combs. [31] Taking their name from an intricate Japanese basket pattern, kagome magnets are thought to have electronic properties that could be valuable for future quantum devices and applications. [30] A team of Cambridge researchers have found a way to control the sea of nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots so they can operate as a quantum memory device. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3085] viXra:1902.0430 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 00:33:42

### On the Usefulness of Philosophical Terminological Rigorousness in Quantum Mechanics

Authors: A. V. Grigorov

A lot of the confusion with regards to the meaning of Quantum Mechanics arises from improper use of language (in the philosophical sense). The following brief discussion demonstrates how this could be avoided, and the benefits of using more philosophically rigorous language and concepts.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3084] viXra:1902.0428 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 01:54:26

### Quantum Entangled Photons of Colors

Authors: George Rajna

For the first time, the team created quantum-correlated pairs made up of one visible and one near-infrared photon using chip-based optical components that can be mass-produced. [40] Now scientists at MIT and Harvard University have for the first time studied this unique, theoretical lens from a quantum mechanical perspective, to see how individual atoms and photons may behave within the lens. [39]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3083] viXra:1902.0426 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 04:17:17

Authors: George Rajna

Joni Ikonen, a Ph.D. student at Aalto University, has developed a new method that helps do just that. Until now, the method used to read information from a qubit was to apply a short microwave pulse to the superconducting circuit containing the qubit and then measure the reflected microwave. [32] Compact quantum devices could be incorporated into laptops and mobile phones, thanks in part to small devices called quantum optical micro-combs. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3082] viXra:1902.0425 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 04:35:05

### Laser-Driven Electron Acceleration

Authors: George Rajna

Combining a first laser pulse to heat up and "drill" through a plasma, and another to accelerate electrons to incredibly high energies in just tens of centimeters, scientists have nearly doubled the previous record for laser-driven particle acceleration. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3081] viXra:1902.0424 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 04:51:10

### 2-D Materials Trap Particles

Authors: George Rajna

Future technologies based on the principles of quantum mechanics could revolutionize information technology. But to realize the devices of tomorrow, today's physicists must develop precise and reliable platforms to trap and manipulate quantum-mechanical particles. [43] Researchers at The University of Manchester in the UK, led by Dr. Artem Mishchenko, Prof Volodya Fal'ko and Prof Andre Geim, have discovered the quantum Hall effect in bulk graphite—a layered crystal consisting of stacked graphene layers. [42]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3080] viXra:1902.0415 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 14:32:57

### Hybridization Theory of L. Pauling, Chemical Bond and Quantum Mechanics.

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich.

The theory of hybridization of atomic orbitals of L. Pauling is analyzed using the principle of quantum superposition. It is shown that the principle of quantum superposition, and therefore quantum mechanics as a whole, is in insurmountable contradiction with the theory of hybridization of atomic orbitals. Since the concept of σ- and π-bonds automatically follows from the theory of hybridization, the classical chemical description of single, double and triple bonds (based on σ- and π-bonds) is also in insurmountable contradiction with the principle of quantum superposition.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3079] viXra:1902.0387 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 04:56:34

### Quantum States and Energy Levels in Hydrogen Atom

Authors: Daniele Sasso

In this paper we will calculate energy levels of electron relative to hydrogen atom making use of the four quantum numbers of the deterministic quantum model. Calculations prove in a few situations quantum states with different quantum numbers can have the same value of total energy and a few sub-levels of a more external level can precede sub-levels of more internal levels. Calculations prove also the electron in the fundamental state 1s1, in order to jump to the state 5q10 needs a photon with energy E=13.08 eV= 20.93۰10-19 J, that is in the ultraviolet band.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3078] viXra:1902.0383 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 10:16:58

### Magnetization Reversal by Electric Field

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have achieved magnetization reversal in cobalt-substituted bismuth ferrite by applying an electric field. [31] A team of scientists has discovered the first robust example of a new type of magnet—one that holds promise for enhancing the performance of data storage technologies. [30] Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been attracting a lot of attention recently. This is because of the increased demand for faster, longer-lasting and lower-energy IT systems, and the need for higher data storage capacity. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3077] viXra:1902.0382 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 10:46:24

### Spatiotemporal Signal Networks

Authors: George Rajna

Past studies have found that a variety of complex networks, from biological systems to social media networks, can exhibit universal topological characteristics. [32] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have achieved magnetization reversal in cobalt-substituted bismuth ferrite by applying an electric field. [31] A team of scientists has discovered the first robust example of a new type of magnet—one that holds promise for enhancing the performance of data storage technologies. [30] Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been attracting a lot of attention recently. This is because of the increased demand for faster, longer-lasting and lower-energy IT systems, and the need for higher data storage capacity. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3076] viXra:1902.0377 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 04:00:18

### Topological Quantum Magnet

Authors: George Rajna

Taking their name from an intricate Japanese basket pattern, kagome magnets are thought to have electronic properties that could be valuable for future quantum devices and applications. [30] A team of Cambridge researchers have found a way to control the sea of nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots so they can operate as a quantum memory device. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3075] viXra:1902.0372 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 05:14:04

### Deep Ultraviolet LEDs

Authors: George Rajna

Deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) made from aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) efficiently transfer electrical energy to optical energy due to the growth of one of its bottom layers in a step-like fashion. [25] A variety of laser-based techniques can be used to produce colorful artwork on metals. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3074] viXra:1902.0364 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 17:01:52

### Quantum Anthenetics

Authors: Savior F. Eason

A breakthrough Research study at SIAII has released a report of data suggesting a confirmation of the pursued theory of "Quantum retuning", as well as releasing a follow-up report of the application device now being constructed. Quantum anthenetics is the concept of transmitting electrons across parallel universes by tuning their quantum vibrations. The latest data not only confirms the multiverse theory, but a revolutionizing application of such hypothetical technology. More in-depth descriptions can be found in the paper.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3073] viXra:1902.0363 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 17:15:21

### Using Quantum Mechanics to Hypertechnology

Authors: Savior F. Eason

SAII has presented their latest theoretical pursuit marrying their latest research to some revolutionizing research and technological applications. The theory establishes how cosmoresonance in crystal destabilization could be used to defibrillate ions, which could then be spliced on the molecular level. However, the latest omega wave acceleration tests present a new possible theory now in development. A team and I have begun researching a theory that would use the latest in Quantum hypermechanics and apply it in massive physics-changing ways. Currently in, development, it focuses on: -Angular Dynastablization -Complete Omega Wave Adsorbtion -Cryoactivation -Entropy Photoresonance -Exothermic Adhesion -Infinite temporalConfiguration -Ionized Aquafusion -Neutrino Bombardment Nuclear Distortion -Progressive Antimatter Saturation -Revised Isotope Neutralization -Hyperstructure Ionization -Relative dimensional field configuration -Quantum encodement -Temporal Meteoconfiguration -Unlimited Autoresonance -The Simulstatual regulation of Quantum state Stablization This goes more into the developing theory and our research at SAII, and it could mean both in physics and for the average person reading this.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3072] viXra:1902.0362 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 17:23:53

### Research at SIAII

Authors: Savior F. Eason

This paper is an update on the research going on at SIAII, describing the latest projects and clearing up media distortion of the active on-going operations, including; -Tesserhedronic experimentation -Dimensional engineering -Latest VX models -Chronon accretion -Atmospheric Resonance -Fusion Destablization -Gravitation Dissociation -Heat Gigadissociation -Infinite Heteroacceleration -Luminoacceleration -Metal Electroconfiguration -Meteotransition -Oxygen Heliodissociation -Protonic Transmutation -Rotating Giganeutralization -Tellurium Dynadistortion -Temporal Repulsion -Unstable Metallodestablization -Valence Adhesion Experiments -Adjusted Titanium Stablization -Basic Saturation -Catalytic Holocrystalization -Chromatic Pyrotitration -Electrostatic Heteroirradiation -Endothermic Crystalization -Hydrocarbon Electrolysis -Low-speed Sonistablization -Neodymium Electrorepulsion -Oxygen Buffer -Oxygen Heteroactivation -Technotransition -Unconditional Accretion Acceleration -Unlimited Alkali Transition -Xenon Acceleration -Aromatic Saturation -Biological Rotostablization -Chromatid Adsorbtion -Electrochemical Stablization -Electrolytic Acceleration -Electrolytic Neutralization -Exoadhesion -Gigaaccretion -Irradiated Accretion -Nitrogen Somatotransition -Solution Splicing -Stable Bioconfiguration -Translational Organosplicing -Unlimited Encephaloosmosis -Virus Homotransition -Catalytic Metalloelectrolysis -Catalytic Virus Solution -Counter-rotating Antimatter Fusion -Diversified Cesium Stablization -Diversified Virus Electrolysis -Extreme Gigaelectrolysis -Fission Oxidation -Flourine Crystalization -Hyrdofusion -Isometric Isomer Titration -Modified Bacterium Accretion -Radioactive Stablization -Radon Reduction -Rotating Luminofusion -Variable Technodestablization -Chronological dark energy(Chemical concentration and collider test)
Category: Quantum Physics

[3071] viXra:1902.0355 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 02:32:47

### Quantum Dances of Semiconductor

Authors: George Rajna

A team of Cambridge researchers have found a way to control the sea of nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots so they can operate as a quantum memory device. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3070] viXra:1902.0353 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 03:07:00

### Coldest Quantum Gas Molecules

Authors: George Rajna

JILA researchers have made a long-lived, record-cold gas of molecules that follow the wave patterns of quantum mechanics instead of the strictly particle nature of ordinary classical physics. [15] Physicists at ETH Zurich have developed an experimental platform for studying the complex phases of a quantum gas characterized by two order parameters. [14] Now, a team at JQI led by postdoctoral researcher Seiji Sugawa and JQI Fellow Ian Spielman have succeeded in emulating a Yang monopole with an ultracold gas of rubidium atoms. [13]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3069] viXra:1902.0352 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 03:29:14

### Quantum Dot Clone-Like Photons

Authors: George Rajna

In the global quest to develop practical computing and communications devices based on the principles of quantum physics, one potentially useful component has proved elusive: a source of individual particles of light with perfectly constant, predictable, and steady characteristics. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3068] viXra:1902.0342 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 11:27:57

### Flash-Freeze Crystal

Authors: George Rajna

Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have "flash-frozen" a flat crystal of 150 beryllium ions (electrically charged atoms), opening new possibilities for simulating magnetism at the quantum scale and sensing signals from mysterious dark matter. [26] Karimi's team has successfully built and operated the first-ever quantum simulator designed specifically for simulating cyclic (ringed-shaped) systems. [25] A new Tel Aviv University study explores the generation and propagation of excitons in 2D materials within an unprecedented small time frame and at an extraordinarily high spatial resolution. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3067] viXra:1902.0341 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 11:44:10

### Matter-Wave Diffraction Planes

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), in Korea, and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, in Germany, have recently conducted a study investigating matter-wave diffraction from a periodic array of half planes. [27] Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have "flash-frozen" a flat crystal of 150 beryllium ions (electrically charged atoms), opening new possibilities for simulating magnetism at the quantum scale and sensing signals from mysterious dark matter. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3066] viXra:1902.0339 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 13:17:52

### Superconduction Have to be Cold

Authors: George Rajna

TU Wien has now made a major advance towards achieving this goal and, at the same time, has furthered an understanding of why conventional materials only become superconducting at around -200°C [18] The emerging field of spintronics leverages electron spin and magnetization. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3065] viXra:1902.0333 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 02:20:43

### A Geometric Interpretation of the de Broglie Wavelength

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle

While the de Broglie wavelength pops up in various fundamental quantun-mechanical equations, a solid geometric interpretation of it has so far evaded us. This paper (part of an upcoming) book may help to crack the nut.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3064] viXra:1902.0331 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 04:06:03

### On the Experimental Study of Nonlocality in Quantum Physics

Authors: V.A. Kuzmenko

It is proposed to continue the experimental study of the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect in order to identify the nonlocal properties of the memory of quantum systems.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3063] viXra:1902.0325 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 05:42:38

### Quantized Heating in Quantum Matter

Authors: George Rajna

Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3062] viXra:1902.0324 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 07:29:00

### Laser Light into Quantum Light

Authors: George Rajna

An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3061] viXra:1902.0319 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 15:37:22

### Relative Measurement Theory the Unification of Experimental and Theoretical Measurements

Authors: Kenneth R Krechmer

The discontinuous, non-causal and instantaneous changes due to a measurement that appear in quantum mechanics (QM) theory are not consistent with a classical understanding of physical reality, but are completely confirmed by experiments. Relative measurement theory explains why. This paper presents the first formal development of an experimental measurement which includes the uncertainty due to calibration and resolution. The uncertainty due to calibration and resolution, previously considered experimental artifacts, is shown to be equal to the uncertainty that appears in QM theory and experiment. When the calibration to a reference and resolution effects are considered, all the QM measurement discontinuities are consistent with classical explanations.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3060] viXra:1902.0316 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 01:51:46

### Quantum Particles Resolution

Authors: George Rajna

A new Tel Aviv University study explores the generation and propagation of excitons in 2D materials within an unprecedented small time frame and at an extraordinarily high spatial resolution. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3059] viXra:1902.0314 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 04:56:29

### Quantum Light Simulator

Authors: George Rajna

Karimi's team has successfully built and operated the first-ever quantum simulator designed specifically for simulating cyclic (ringed-shaped) systems. [25] A new Tel Aviv University study explores the generation and propagation of excitons in 2D materials within an unprecedented small time frame and at an extraordinarily high spatial resolution. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3058] viXra:1902.0312 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 13:39:44

### Practical Quantum Secure Direct Communication

Authors: George Rajna

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is an important branch of quantum communication, based on the principles of quantum mechanics for the direct transmission of classified information. [43] The deluge of cyberattacks sweeping across the world has governments and companies thinking about new ways to protect their digital systems, and the corporate and state secrets stored within. [42] The Pentagon on Friday said there has been a cyber breach of Defense Department travel records that compromised the personal information and credit card data of U.S. military and civilian personnel. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3057] viXra:1902.0308 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 01:30:39

### Exotic Spiraling Electrons

Authors: George Rajna

Rutgers and other physicists have discovered an exotic form of electrons that spin like planets and could lead to advances in lighting, solar cells, lasers and electronic displays. [30] Scientists used spiraling X-rays at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) to observe, for the first time, a property that gives handedness to swirling electric patterns – dubbed polar vortices – in a synthetically layered material. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3056] viXra:1902.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 07:56:10

### Quantum Systems Talk

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory have invented an innovative way for different types of quantum technology to "talk" to each other using sound. [44] Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is an important branch of quantum communication, based on the principles of quantum mechanics for the direct transmission of classified information. [43]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3055] viXra:1902.0274 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 09:10:58

### Laser Pulses and Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna

Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory have discovered a means of controlling the surface conductivity of a three-dimensional (3-D) topological insulator, a type of material that has potential applications in spintronic devices and quantum computing. [42] With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits – bits of quantum information. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3054] viXra:1902.0273 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 10:05:39

### Spintronics by Straintonics

Authors: George Rajna

Now, teams from France, Spain and Germany have demonstrated the feasibility of another approach at the nanoscale: "We can induce magnetic order on a small region of our sample by employing a small electric field instead of using magnetic fields," Dr. Sergio Valencia, HZB, says. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3053] viXra:1902.0272 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 10:24:12

### Diamond Spins Measurement Technique

Authors: George Rajna

A new method to read out the spin states of individual negatively-charged nitrogen vacancy (NV–) centres has been developed by researchers in Europe and Japan. [35] Now, teams from France, Spain and Germany have demonstrated the feasibility of another approach at the nanoscale: "We can induce magnetic order on a small region of our sample by employing a small electric field instead of using magnetic fields," Dr. Sergio Valencia, HZB, says. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3052] viXra:1902.0271 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 10:43:57

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at Duke University have discovered that a perfect absorber of electromagnetic waves they described in a 2017 paper can easily be tweaked into a sort of "time-reversed laser" known as a coherent perfect absorber (CPA). [43] Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory have discovered a means of controlling the surface conductivity of a three-dimensional (3-D) topological insulator, a type of material that has potential applications in spintronic devices and quantum computing. [42] With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits – bits of quantum information. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3051] viXra:1902.0265 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 04:10:48

### Direct-Write Quantum Calligraphy

Authors: George Rajna

In contrast with conventional light emitting diodes which emit billions of photons simultaneously to form a steady stream of light, an ideal SPE generates exactly one photon on demand, with each photon indistinguishable from another. [35] Now, teams from France, Spain and Germany have demonstrated the feasibility of another approach at the nanoscale: "We can induce magnetic order on a small region of our sample by employing a small electric field instead of using magnetic fields," Dr. Sergio Valencia, HZB, says. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3050] viXra:1902.0262 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 04:52:32

### Symmetry Indicators of Topological Materials

Authors: George Rajna

An efficient new method to find out whether a material hosts topological states or not could help increase the number of known topological materials from a few hundred to thousands. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3049] viXra:1902.0259 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-14 05:56:45

### LED in Reverse Cool Computers

Authors: George Rajna

In a finding that runs counter to a common assumption in physics, researchers at the University of Michigan ran a light emitting diode (LED) with electrodes reversed in order to cool another device mere nanometers away. [42] With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits – bits of quantum information. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3048] viXra:1902.0232 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 08:29:33

### Multimaterial 3-D Laser Microprinting

Authors: George Rajna

Complex, three-dimensional (3-D) structures are regularly constructed using a reliable commercial method of 3-D laser micro- and nanoprinting. [42] A team led by University of Utah physicists has discovered how to fix a major problem that occurs in lasers made from a new type of material called quantum dots. [41] A team of researchers from the University of Central Florida and Michigan Technological University has developed a laser system concept built on the principles of supersymmetry. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3047] viXra:1902.0222 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 22:36:59

### Anomaly in Sign Function Probability Function Integration III

Authors: Han Geurdes

In the paper it is demonstrated that integration of products of sign functions and probability density functions such as in Bell’s formula for ±1 measurement functions, leads to inconsistencies. Keywords Inconsistency, Bell’s theorem.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3046] viXra:1902.0217 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 06:19:19

### Quantum Strangeness Electronics

Authors: George Rajna

Advances in this fast-paced domain could improve devices for data storage and information processing and aid in the development of molecular switches, among other innovations. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37] The universal laws governing the dynamics of interacting quantum particles are yet to be fully revealed to the scientific community. [36]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3045] viXra:1902.0214 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 06:44:11

### Two-Dimensional Quantum Technology

Authors: George Rajna

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science have now demonstrated a new hardware platform based on isolated electron spins in a two-dimensional material. [40] Advances in this fast-paced domain could improve devices for data storage and information processing and aid in the development of molecular switches, among other innovations. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3044] viXra:1902.0213 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 07:00:32

### Questions in Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna

With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits – bits of quantum information. [41] Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science have now demonstrated a new hardware platform based on isolated electron spins in a two-dimensional material. [40] Advances in this fast-paced domain could improve devices for data storage and information processing and aid in the development of molecular switches, among other innovations. [39]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3043] viXra:1902.0212 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 07:17:16

### Chiral Weyl Particles

Authors: George Rajna

The group of physicist Sebastian Huber at ETH Zurich now reports experiments in which they got a handle on one of the defining properties of Weyl fermions—their chirality. [14] At TU Wien recently, particles known as 'Weyl fermions' were discovered in materials with strong interaction between electrons. Just like light particles, they have no mass but nonetheless they move extremely slowly. [13] Quantum behavior plays a crucial role in novel and emergent material properties, such as superconductivity and magnetism. [12]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3042] viXra:1902.0210 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 07:39:47

### Hydrogen Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Authors: George Rajna

For the first time scientists measured the vibrational structure of hydrogen and helium atoms by X-rays. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3041] viXra:1902.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 10:24:34

### Electron's Trip Across a Border

Authors: George Rajna

Electrons flowing across the boundary between two materials are the foundation of many key technologies, from flash memories to batteries and solar cells. [17] This new approach illuminates the origin of surface electromagnetic waves and explains why these waves appear at interfaces where one of the medium parameters (dielectric permittivity or magnetic permeability) changes its sign. [16] A team of physicists headed by Professor Sebastian Reineke of TU Dresden has developed a new method of storing information in fully transparent plastic foils. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3040] viXra:1902.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 12:13:19

### New Theory of Quantization and Mass of Waves' Particles Elecrtons Generate Waves and Waves Generate Electrons

Authors: Yaseen Ali Mohamed Al Azzam

By an alternative interpretation of Compton effect experiment, I concluded that waves generate electrons and that waves and electrons are quantized into units of mass (which I called phosons). The phoson is defined as a fundamental unit of energy carried by a variable mass and the origin of quantization where phosons are the waves’ particles which also comprise the electrons’ mass. Photons were just a misinterpretation of the photoelectric experiment and were confused with the waves’ power ( the waves’ energy in one second time) which came in accordance of our measurement units
Category: Quantum Physics

[3039] viXra:1902.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 12:09:45

### Quantization of Poisson Brackets

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

We propose a quantization of the Poisson brackets. We introduce the non-commutativity of the endomorphisms of fiber bundles for quantized Poisson brackets.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3038] viXra:1902.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 02:13:13

### Transmon Quantum Computer

Authors: George Rajna

The researchers report controlling quantum phenomena in a custom-designed electrical circuit called a transmon. [41] A team of researchers at the University of Chicago has developed a circuit platform for the exploration of quantum matter made of strongly interacting microwave photons. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3037] viXra:1902.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 03:19:58

### Quantum Mechanics as a Reactive Probabilistic System

Authors: Germano Resconi, Santanu Kumar Patro, Amrit Srecko Sorli

In this paper, we present quantum mechanics as a reactive system. To show this we introduce the holography as a reactive system. Illumination of the object and reference beam create sources (hologram) that activated by the same reference beam react in a way to produce the image Controlled chemical system react to the external or internal change generate new sources (chemical product) that diffuses in the body environment establish a new equilibrium. The droplets bouncing on a vertical vibrating fluid bath that simulate the main quantum phenomena is a reactive system between droplets and vibrating fluid. We show that quantum mechanics is a probabilistic reactive system between quantum potential and pseudo kinetic energy in which an integral is the Fisher information. We show that quantum mechanics can be built by only the probability normalization properties without assuming any other hypothesis. With join probability and Euler Lagrange equation we can find the quantum potential and with the continuity equation, we show that with only probability approach it is possible to give a meaning to the Schrodinger equation without any thermo-dynamical model of quantum mechanics. The reactive system can be denoted as a morphogenetic system where the form is generated by some designed rules or properties.
Category: Quantum Physics

## Replacements of recent Submissions

[1261] viXra:1905.0109 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-20 05:41:01

### De Wiskunde van de Fysieke Werkelijkheid

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 194 Pages. U kunt dit bestand naar een lokale print-shop brengen. Deze dienstverlener kan er dan een betaalbaar en gemakkelijk leesbaar A4-formaat ringband boek van maken.

Het belangrijkste onderwerp van dit boek is een puur wiskundig model van de fysieke werkelijkheid. Het boek fungeert als een overzicht van het Hilbert Book Model project. Het project betreft een goed gefundeerd, puur wiskundig model van fysische realiteit. Het project berust op de overtuiging dat de fysieke werkelijkheid zijn eigen soort van wiskunde bezit en dat deze wiskunde de uitbreiding van het fundament tot meer gecompliceerde niveaus van de structuur en het gedrag van de fysieke werkelijkheid begeleid en inperkt. Dit resulteert in een model dat meer en meer lijkt op de fysieke werkelijkheid die mensen kunnen observeren. Het boek behandelt verschillende onderwerpen die rechtstreeks verband houden met het hoofdonderwerp. Het boek introduceert nieuwe fysica en nieuwe wiskunde.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1260] viXra:1905.0109 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-14 15:22:58

### De Wiskunde van de Fysieke Werkelijkheid

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 192 Pages. U kunt dit bestand naar een lokale print-shop brengen. Deze dienstverlener kan er dan een betaalbaar en gemakkelijk leesbaar A4-formaat ringband boek van maken.

Het belangrijkste onderwerp van dit boek is een puur wiskundig model van de fysieke werkelijkheid. Het boek fungeert als een overzicht van het Hilbert Book Model project. Het project betreft een goed gefundeerd, puur wiskundig model van fysische realiteit. Het project berust op de overtuiging dat de fysieke werkelijkheid zijn eigen soort van wiskunde bezit en dat deze wiskunde de uitbreiding van het fundament tot meer gecompliceerde niveaus van de structuur en het gedrag van de fysieke werkelijkheid begeleid en inperkt. Dit resulteert in een model dat meer en meer lijkt op de fysieke werkelijkheid die mensen kunnen observeren. Het boek behandelt verschillende onderwerpen die rechtstreeks verband houden met het hoofdonderwerp. Het boek introduceert nieuwe fysica en nieuwe wiskunde.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1259] viXra:1905.0109 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-13 13:01:22

### De Wiskunde van de Fysieke Werkelijkheid

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 190 Pages. U kunt dit bestand naar een lokale print-shop brengen. Deze dienstverlener kan er dan een betaalbaar en gemakkelijk leesbaar A4-formaat ringband boek van maken.

Het belangrijkste onderwerp van dit boek is een puur wiskundig model van de fysieke werkelijkheid. Het boek fungeert als een overzicht van het Hilbert Book Model project. Het project betreft een goed gefundeerd, puur wiskundig model van fysische realiteit. Het project berust op de overtuiging dat de fysieke werkelijkheid zijn eigen soort van wiskunde bezit en dat deze wiskunde de uitbreiding van het fundament tot meer gecompliceerde niveaus van de structuur en het gedrag van de fysieke werkelijkheid begeleid en inperkt. Dit resulteert in een model dat meer en meer lijkt op de fysieke werkelijkheid die mensen kunnen observeren. Het boek behandelt verschillende onderwerpen die rechtstreeks verband houden met het hoofdonderwerp. Het boek introduceert nieuwe fysica en nieuwe wiskunde.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1258] viXra:1905.0109 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-09 06:57:51

### De Wiskunde van de Fysieke Werkelijkheid

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 190 Pages. U kunt dit bestand naar een lokale print-shop brengen. Deze dienstverlener kan er dan een betaalbaar en gemakkelijk leesbaar A4-formaat ringband boek van maken.

Het belangrijkste onderwerp van dit boek is een puur wiskundig model van de fysieke werkelijkheid. Het boek fungeert als een overzicht van het Hilbert Book Model project. Het project betreft een goed gefundeerd, puur wiskundig model van fysische realiteit. Het project berust op de overtuiging dat de fysieke werkelijkheid zijn eigen soort van wiskunde bezit en dat deze wiskunde de uitbreiding van het fundament tot meer gecompliceerde niveaus van de structuur en het gedrag van de fysieke werkelijkheid begeleid en inperkt. Dit resulteert in een model dat meer en meer lijkt op de fysieke werkelijkheid die mensen kunnen observeren. Het boek behandelt verschillende onderwerpen die rechtstreeks verband houden met het hoofdonderwerp. Het boek introduceert nieuwe fysica en nieuwe wiskunde.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1257] viXra:1904.0406 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-21 00:12:26

### Why Copenhagen Interpretation is Wrong.

Comments: 16 Pages. GOD DOES NOT PLAY DICE.

PILOT WAVES FROM THE SPACE ITSELF.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1256] viXra:1904.0390 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-25 19:43:04

### The Free Photon Wave Function's Gauge-Invariant, Lorentz-Covariant Antisymmetric-Tensor Form

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann

If a free photon's wave function is taken to be a four-vector function of its space-time coordinates that has vanishing four-divergence (the Lorentz condition), it isn't uniquely determined by the free-photon Schroedinger equation. This gauge indeterminacy can be eliminated by taking that wave function to be a three-vector function of its space-time coordinates -- at the expense of its Lorentz-covariant form. These conflicts are resolved by taking a free photon's wave function to be an antisymmetric-tensor function of its space-time coordinates which has vanishing four-divergence and also satisfies the Lorentz-covariant cyclic Gauss-Faraday equation that is satisfied by all antisymmetric-tensor real-valued electromagnetic fields. It is shown that for every source-free antisymmetric-tensor real-valued electromagnetic field, there exists a corresponding free-photon antisymmetric-tensor complex-valued wave function.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1255] viXra:1904.0388 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-14 15:24:46

### The Mathematics of Physical Reality

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 172 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an A4-sized book

The main subject of this book is a purely mathematical model of physical reality. The book acts as a survey of the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe. The book treats several subjects that are directly related to the main subject. The book introduces new physics and new mathematics.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1254] viXra:1904.0388 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-08 02:54:20

### The Mathematics of Physical Reality

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 170 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an A4-sized book

The main subject of this book is a purely mathematical model of physical reality. The book acts as a survey of the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe. The book treats several subjects that are directly related to the main subject. The book introduces new physics and new mathematics.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1253] viXra:1904.0388 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-29 10:38:56

### The Mathematics of Physical Reality

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 170 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an A4-sized book

The main subject of this book is a purely mathematical model of physical reality. The book acts as a survey of the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe. The book treats several subjects that are directly related to the main subject. The book introduces new physics and new mathematics.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1252] viXra:1904.0091 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-05 06:56:03

### Faux Proton Charge Smearing in Dirac Hydrogen by "Electron Zitterbewegung"

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann

The commutator of the Dirac free-particle's velocity operator with its Hamiltonian operator is nonzero and independent of Planck's constant, which violates the quantum correspondence-principle requirement that commutators of observables must vanish when Planck's constant vanishes, as well as violating the absence of spontaneous acceleration of relativistic free particles. The consequent physically pathological "zitterbewegung" is of course completely absent when the natural relativistic square-root free-particle Hamiltonian operator is used; nevertheless the energy spectrum of that pathology-free natural relativistic square-root free-particle Hamiltonian is exactly matched by the positive-energy sector of the Dirac free-particle Hamiltonian's energy spectrum. Contrariwise, however, Foldy-Wouthuysen unitary transformation of the positive-energy sector of any hydrogen-type Dirac 4 x 4 Hamiltonian to 2 x 2 form reveals a "zitterbewegung"-induced "Darwin-term" smearing of the proton charge density which is completely absent in the straightforward relativistic extension of the corresponding hydrogen-type nonrelativistic Pauli 2 x 2 Hamiltonian. Compensating for an atomic proton's physically absent "electron zitterbewegung"-induced charge smearing would result in a misleadingly contracted impression of its charge radius.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1251] viXra:1904.0001 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-10 10:49:20

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey book

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 84 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an US Letter-sized book

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1250] viXra:1904.0001 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-06 13:41:55

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey book

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 82 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an US Letter-sized book

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1249] viXra:1904.0001 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-05 06:12:28

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey book

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 82 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an US Letter-sized book

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1248] viXra:1903.0482 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-30 11:52:34

### The Very True Theoretical Ultimate Algorithm for Quantum Computers

Here, we propose a new type of quantum algorithm for determining the $2^N$ values of a function. By measuring the single output state, we determine all the values of $f(x)$ for all $x$ simultaneously. This is very interesting indeed: the quantum circuit gives us the ability to determine a perfect property of $f(x)$, namely, $f(x)$. This is faster than a classical apparatus by a factor of $2^N$.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1247] viXra:1903.0482 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-29 07:37:15

### New Type of Quantum Algorithm

Here, we propose a new type of quantum algorithm for determining the values of a function. By measuring the output state, we determine all the values of $f(x)$ for all $x$. This is very interesting indeed: the quantum circuit gives us the ability to determine a perfect property of $f(x)$, namely, $f(x)$. This is faster than a classical apparatus.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1246] viXra:1903.0346 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-18 02:06:51

### Entangled State Represented by Pendulum Oscillations

Authors: Masataka Ohta

Just as binary quantum state is represented by pendulum oscillations, quantum state involving multiple quanta, including entangled one, can be represented by oscillations of multiple pendulums.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1245] viXra:1903.0346 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-16 02:35:45

### Entangled State Represented by Pendulum Oscillations

Authors: Masataka Ohta

Just as binary quantum state is represented by pendulum oscillations, quantum state involving multiple quanta, including entangled one, can be represented by oscillations of multiple pendulums.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1244] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-18 03:53:37

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 116 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an A4-sized book

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1243] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-15 14:16:10

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 114 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an A4-sized book

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1242] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-10 10:47:51

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 92 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an A4-sized book

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1241] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-06 13:44:56

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 91 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an A4-sized book

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1240] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-05 06:16:52

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 90 Pages. You can bring this file to a local print shop, so that they can turn it in an A4-sized book

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1239] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-27 06:16:51

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 85 Pages. The document is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1238] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-23 05:45:45

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 73 Pages. The document is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1237] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-20 08:37:26

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 61 Pages. The document is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1236] viXra:1903.0213 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-14 17:45:30

### The Hilbert Book Model Project Survey

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 53 Pages. The document is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project. Is is still being upgraded

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1235] viXra:1903.0187 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-24 16:17:54

### Iterations of Physico-Mathematical Constants

Authors: Francis Maleval

φ, π, e are mathematical concepts which are constitutive of physics. Therefore, it is conceivable that a causal structure bears the attributes of the physico-mathematical couple that gives body to the information, intrinsically a interaction.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1234] viXra:1903.0154 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-19 02:40:59

### Uncertainty and the Zitterbewegung Interpretation of an Electron

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle

This paper explores how the Zitterbewegung interpretation and the Uncertainty Principle might mesh. It also further details our geometric interpretation of the de Broglie wavelength.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1233] viXra:1903.0037 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-04 21:19:00

### The Quantum Space

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

We define the quantum space and the quantum group Gl_q (3) as the group of automorphisms of it.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1232] viXra:1902.0462 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-26 08:24:36

### Further Proofs for the 1-Photon Path Entanglement Communications Scheme

Authors: Remi Cornwall

The author had previously set out devices to communicate over space-like intervals, with a full proof for the 2-photon device and only a partial proof for the 1-photon device. The 2-photon device exploits entangled pairs; the 1-photon device utilises path-entanglement. The 1-photon device is fully analysed, then similarities (and differences) are drawn to the 2-photon device to show the holes in the No-communications Theorem: the creation operators representing the sum of paths through the device can be mapped outside the device and quantum state reduction/measurement is a space-like operation. Furthermore, global phase factors indicating causal delay are removed by the trace operation anyway.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1231] viXra:1902.0462 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-15 11:25:46

### Further Proofs for the 1-Photon Path Entanglement Communications Scheme

Authors: Remi Cornwall

The author had previously set out devices to communicate over space-like intervals, with a full proof for the 2-photon device and only a partial proof for the 1-photon device. The 2-photon device exploits entangled pairs; the 1-photon device utilises path-entanglement. The 1-photon device is fully analysed, then similarities (and differences) are drawn to the 2-photon device to show the holes in the No-communications Theorem: the creation operators representing the sum of paths through the device can be mapped outside the device and quantum state reduction/measurement is a space-like operation. Furthermore, global phase factors indicating causal delay are removed by the operation anyway.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1230] viXra:1902.0462 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-03 06:13:01

### Further Proofs for the 1-Photon Path Entanglement Communications Scheme

Authors: Remi Cornwall

The author had previously set out devices to communicate over space-like intervals, with a full proof for the 2-photon device and only a partial proof for the 1-photon device. The 2-photon device exploits entangled pairs; the 1-photon device utilises path-entanglement. The 1-photon device is fully analysed, then similarities (and differences) are drawn to the 2-photon device to show the holes in the No-communications Theorem: the creation operators representing the sum of paths through the device can be mapped outside the device and quantum state reduction/measurement is a space-like operation. Furthermore, global phase factors indicating causal delay are removed by the operation anyway.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1229] viXra:1902.0455 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-02 06:12:35

### Open Letter To Professor Richard David Gill, PhD

Authors: Ilija Barukčić