Quantum Physics

1307 Submissions

[16] viXra:1307.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-26 10:00:45

Geometric Analysis of Grover's Search Algorithm in the Presence of Perturbation

Authors: Wenliang Jin
Comments: 13 Pages.

For an initial uniform superposition over all possible computational basis states, we explore the performance of Grover's search algorithm geometrically when imposing a perturbation on the Walsh-Hadamard transformation contained in the Grover iteration. We give the geometric picture to visualize the quantum search process in the three-dimensional space and show that Grover's search algorithm can work well with an appropriately chosen perturbation. Thereby we corroborate Grover's conclusion that if such perturbation is small, then this will not create much of an impact on the implementation of this algorithm. We also prove that Grover's path cannot achieve a geodesic in the presence of a perturbation of the Fubini-Study metric.
Category: Quantum Physics

[15] viXra:1307.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-24 04:25:16

Quantum Search in a Four-Complex-Dimensional Subspace

Authors: Wenliang Jin
Comments: 18 Pages.

For there to be $M> 1$ target items to be searched in an unsorted database of size $N$, with $M/N\ll 1$ for a sufficiently large $N$, we explore the performance of Grover's search algorithm when considering some possible situations that may arise in a four-complex-dimensional subspace, for which in the case of identical rotation angles $\phi=\theta$, we give the maximum success probabilities of finding a desired state and their corresponding numbers of Grover iterations in an approximate fashion. Our analysis reveals that the case of identical rotation angles $\phi=\theta$ is energetically favorable compared to the case $\left| {\theta - \phi } \right|\gg 0$ for boosting the probability to detect a desired state.
Category: Quantum Physics

[14] viXra:1307.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-23 12:27:27

An Additional Condition for Bell Experiments for Accepting Local Realistic Theories

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 3 pages

We assume that one source of two uncorrelated spin-carrying particles emits them in a state, which can be described as a spin-1/2 bipartite pure uncorrelated state. We consider a Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (Bell-CHSH) experiment with two-orthogonal-settings. We propose an additional condition for the state to be reproducible by the property of local realistic theories. We use the proposed measurement theory in order to construct the additional condition {[K. Nagata and T. Nakamura, Int. J. Theor. Phys. {\bf 49}, 162 (2010)]}. The condition is that local measurement outcome is $\pm 1/\sqrt{2}$. Otherwise, such an experiment does not allow for the existence of local realistic theories even in the situation that all Bell-CHSH inequalities hold. Also we derive new set of Bell inequalities when local measurement outcome is $\pm 1/\sqrt{2}$.
Category: Quantum Physics

[13] viXra:1307.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-23 10:38:23

Quantum Measurement Theory for an Implementation of Deutsch's Algorithm

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 9 pages; 2 figures

We discuss projective measurement theory does not meet easy detector model for Pauli observable. We propose a solution of the problem by changing the value of the result of quantum measurements and by considering macroscopic system. We discuss how our solution is used in an implementation of Deutsch's algorithm. Especially, we systematically describe our assertion based on more mathematical analysis using raw data.
Category: Quantum Physics

[12] viXra:1307.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-23 10:51:56

Does a Single Spin-1/2 Pure Quantum State Have a Counterpart in Physical Reality?

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 5 pages

We discuss that a single spin observable $\sigma_x$ in a quantum state does not have a counterpart in physical reality. We consider whether a single spin-1/2 pure state has a counterpart in physical reality. It is an eigenvector of Pauli observable $\sigma_z$ or an eigenvector of Pauli observable $\sigma_x$. We assume a state $|+_z\rangle$, which can be described as an eigenvector of Pauli observable $\sigma_z$. We assume also a state $|+_x\rangle$, which can be described as an eigenvector of Pauli observable $\sigma_x$. The value of transition probability $|\langle +_z|+_x\rangle|^2$ is 1/2. Surprisingly, the existence of a single classical probability space for the transition probability within the formalism of von Neumann's projective measurement does not coexist with the value of the transition probability $|\langle +_z|+_x\rangle|^2=1/2$. We have to give up the existence of such a classical probability space for the state $|+_z\rangle$ or for the state $|+_x\rangle$, as they define the transition probability. It turns out that the single spin-1/2 pure state $|+_z\rangle$ or the single spin-1/2 pure state $|+_x\rangle$ does not have counterparts in physical reality. A single spin-1/2 pure state (e.g., $|+ \rangle\langle +|$) is a single one-dimensional projection operator. In other word, a single one-dimensional projector does not have a counterpart in physical reality, in general.
Category: Quantum Physics

[11] viXra:1307.0116 [pdf] replaced on 2015-08-25 09:22:28

Can Von Neumann's Theory Meet Quantum Computation?

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 6 Pages. Open Access Library Journal, Volume 2 (2015), e1805/1--6, http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1101805

Recently, it is shown that there is a crucial contradiction within von Neumann's theory {[K. Nagata and T. Nakamura, Int. J. Theor. Phys. {\bf 49}, 162 (2010)]}. We derive a proposition concerning a quantum expected value under the assumption of the existence of the directions in a spin-1/2 system. The quantum predictions within the formalism of von Neumann's projective measurement cannot coexist with the proposition concerning the existence of the directions. Therefore, we have to give up either the existence of the directions or the formalism of von Neumann's projective measurement. Hence there is a crucial contradiction within von Neumann's theory. We discuss that this crucial contradiction makes the theoretical formulation of Deutsch's algorithm questionable. Especially, we systematically describe our assertion based on more mathematical analysis using raw data. Our discussion, here, improves previously published argumentations very much.
Category: Quantum Physics

[10] viXra:1307.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-23 11:32:40

Quantum Measurement Theory Improves the no-Cloning Theorem

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 3 pages

We improve the no-cloning theorem that relies on the property of the quantum theory. Usually, the no-cloning theorem allows for a cloning two orthogonal quantum states, simultaneously. Here we take into account specific quantum measurement theory. We result in the fact that we cannot allow for a cloning two orthogonal quantum states, simultaneously. Especially, we systematically describe our assertion based on more mathematical analysis using raw data.
Category: Quantum Physics

[9] viXra:1307.0112 [pdf] replaced on 2015-08-25 09:16:32

Whether the CPT Symmetry Can be Almighty Even in a Photon

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 13 Pages. Open Access Library Journal, Volume 2 (2015), e1806/1--14, http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1101806

As a trial, though thinking of general concepts, of our scientific challenge, we consider whether the Charge-Parity-Time (CPT) symmetry can be almighty even in a photon. This is the main aim of this paper. In what follows, we discuss our argumentations dividing the conjecture into two parts. Rotational invariance of physical laws is an accepted principle in Newton's theory. We show that it leads to an additional constraint on local realistic theories with mixture of ten-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. This new constraint rules out such theories even in some situations in which standard Bell inequalities allow for explicit construction of such theories. This says new hypothesis to the number of ten. Next, it turns out Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory has contradictions. Further, the von Neumann's theory has a contradiction by using $\pm 1$. We solve the problem of von Neumann's theory while escaping from all contradictions made by Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, simultaneously. We assume that the results of measurements are $\pm 1/\sqrt {2}$. We assume that only $E=1/\sqrt{2}$ and $E=-1/\sqrt{2}$ are possible. This situation meets a structure made by Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice. We result in the fact that it may be kept to perform the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm even in the macroscopic scale because zero does not exist in this case. Our analysis agrees with recent experimental report.
Category: Quantum Physics

[8] viXra:1307.0106 [pdf] replaced on 2014-02-20 16:06:18

Physics of the Hilbert Book Model

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 372 Pages.

The Hilbert Book Model is the name of a personal project of the author. The model is deduced from a foundation that is based on quantum logic and that is subsequently extended with trustworthy mathematical methods. What is known from conventional physics is used as a guideline, but the model is not based on the methodology of contemporary physics. In this way the model can reach deeper into the basement of physics. The ambition of the model is rather modest. It limits its scope to the lowest levels of the physical hierarchy. Thus fields and elementary particles are treated in fair detail, but composites are treated marginally and only some aspects of cosmology are touched. Still the model dives into the origins of gravitation and inertia and explains the diversity of the elementary particles. It explains what photons are and introduces a lower level of physical objects and a new kind of ultra-high frequency waves that carry information about their emitters. It explains entanglement and the Pauli principle. It offers an alternative to the Higgs mechanism. Above all the HBM introduces a new way of looking at space and time. Where contemporary physics applies the spacetime model, the HBM treats space and progression as a paginated model.
Category: Quantum Physics

[7] viXra:1307.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-20 16:02:23

Mirrored Orbitals Explain the Ortho/Para States of Helium

Authors: Joel M Williams
Comments: 9 Pages.

Helium provides the simplest, multi-electron, atomic situation. Quantum mechanics addresses the different magnetic and spectral properties of ortho and para helium with “mirrored twin” electrons. This paper addresses that difference with “mirrored rooms” and no electron spin-reversed pairing in the same orbital – a different implementation of parity. Models are provided to illustrate why each form of helium can not be converted to the other in a single photon-induced step. These models also illustrate the vastly greater orbital sizes of the excited states over the ground state. Included is a reference to a paper demonstrating that classical physics provides the physical mechanism that explains why an electron’s energy levels scale with the square of integers. The mirror-room orbitals would also be appropriate for non-classical approaches without requiring spin-reverse pairing of electrons in the same orbital.
Category: Quantum Physics

[6] viXra:1307.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-16 05:23:54

Quantum Function Follows Form Theory, the Small Scale, Posters part 1.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 38 Pages. 38

The Quantum FFF Theory is the result of an architectural or geometrical interpretation of the forms and structures we are able to observe nowadays by means of modern observation techniques like CT scanning in the lab up to Satellite observation in space. Besides architecture I am interested in design for sub-quantum imaging and microstructure of elementary particles, forces and the vacuum lattice structure of the ether. The idea is that the different geometry or real FORM aspects of the sub-quantum world could be responsible for the FUNCTIONS and all the physical- and astronomical mysteries around us. This first part is mainly focused at the small scale of the mysteries
Category: Quantum Physics

[5] viXra:1307.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-16 07:33:42

Quantum Function Follows Form Theory, the Large Scale, Posters part 2.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 45 Pages. 45

The Quantum FFF Theory is the result of an architectural or geometrical interpretation of the forms and structures we are able to observe nowadays by means of modern observation techniques like CT scanning in the lab up to Satellite observation in space. Besides architecture I am interested in design for sub-quantum imaging and microstructure of elementary particles, forces and the vacuum lattice structure of the ether. The idea is that the different geometry or real FORM aspects of the sub-quantum world could be responsible for the FUNCTIONS and all the physical- and astronomical mysteries around us. This second part is mainly focused at the large scale of the mysteries.
Category: Quantum Physics

[4] viXra:1307.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-08 02:06:02

Quantum Mechanics With Relativity A Different Approach

Authors: Mourici Shachter
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this short paper I will show another procedure to solve Quantum Mechanics with Relativity. This procedure is very simple and can explain what really happens and why in the investigated system
Category: Quantum Physics

[3] viXra:1307.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-03 09:17:46

About Space and Time, Let us Summarize

Authors: philip. Maulion
Comments: 4 Pages.

After 'A world in 'Presence'' submitted on 26/11/2012 and 'A world in 'Presence'II' on 26/01/2013, in this science category, this one indicate that space and time are ours in our world. So they are the Sensorium of our 'Presence'.
Category: Quantum Physics

[2] viXra:1307.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-01 15:28:05

A Brief Introduction to the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator

Authors: Salvish Goomanee
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this short paper, a very brief introduction of the quantum harmonic oscillator has been provided. The understanding of the transition from a classically damped oscillator and the quantum mechanical model of the latter is included via a clear mathematics involving simple calculus. Only the one dimensional time dependent Schrodinger’s equation is being studied. This paper is intended to simply provide an analytical description of the subject, there are no advance calculations implying further suggestions in quantum theory.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1] viXra:1307.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2013-07-01 06:24:17

The Dispersion of the Light by a Prism of Glass

Authors: José Francisco García Juliá
Comments: 1 Page.

The dispersion of the white light by a prism of glass in its constituent colors proves that the light is a wave and not particles.
Category: Quantum Physics