Quantum Physics

1504 Submissions

[13] viXra:1504.0237 [pdf] submitted on 2015-04-29 10:08:48

Critical Steps Toward Quantum Computer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 16 Pages.

IBM scientists today unveiled two critical advances towards the realization of a practical quantum computer. For the first time, they showed the ability to detect and measure both kinds of quantum errors simultaneously, as well as demonstrated a new, square quantum bit circuit design that is the only physical architecture that could successfully scale to larger dimensions. [8] Physicists at the Universities of Bonn and Cambridge have succeeded in linking two completely different quantum systems to one another. In doing so, they have taken an important step forward on the way to a quantum computer. To accomplish their feat the researchers used a method that seems to function as well in the quantum world as it does for us people: teamwork. The results have now been published in the "Physical Review Letters". [7] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron’s spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer.
Category: Quantum Physics

[12] viXra:1504.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2015-04-25 05:11:40

Derivation of Eq.(3) in Bell's Historical Paper Fails?

Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 2 Pages.

Unfortunately the Bell's correlation formula violates the law of logic: it is not theoretically founded. Here is shown, that it hardly can be ever founded.
Category: Quantum Physics

[11] viXra:1504.0183 [pdf] replaced on 2015-05-01 11:58:44

Zero-Point Energy in the Johnson Noise of Resistors: is it There?

Authors: Laszlo B. Kish
Comments: 6 Pages. arxiv link added

There is a longstanding debate about the zero-point term in the Johnson noise voltage of a resistor: Is it indeed there or is it only an experimental artifact due to the uncertainty principle for phase-sensitive amplifiers? We show that, when the zero-point term is measured by the mean energy and force in a shunting capacitor and, if these measurements confirm its existence, two types of perpetual motion machines could be constructed. Therefore an exact quantum theory of the Johnson noise must include also the measurement system used to evaluate the observed quantities. The results have implications also for phenomena in advanced nanotechnology.
Category: Quantum Physics

[10] viXra:1504.0147 [pdf] replaced on 2015-08-25 09:28:16

Can Hidden Variables Theories Meet Quantum Computation?

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 8 Pages. Open Access Library Journal, Volume 2 (2015), e1804/1--12, http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1101804

We study the relation between hidden variables theories and quantum computation. We discuss an inconsistency between a hidden variables theory and controllability of quantum computation. To derive the inconsistency, we use the maximum value of the square of an expected value. We propose a solution of the problem by using new hidden variables theory. Also we discuss an inconsistency between hidden variables theories and the double-slit experiment as the most basic experiment in quantum mechanics. This experiment can be an easy detector to Pauli observable. We cannot accept hidden variables theories to simulate the double-slit experiment in a specific case. Hidden variables theories may not depicture quantum detector. This is a quantum measurement theoretical profound problem.
Category: Quantum Physics

[9] viXra:1504.0137 [pdf] replaced on 2016-07-08 14:27:50

Physics of Elemental Space-Time – A Theoretical Basis For the New “Planck Element” Scale

Authors: Brian B.K. Min
Comments: Pages. Newer versions may include change of title, shortened or rewritten abstract, editorial corrections and/or minor revisions of the text, but no major change of the content unless otherwise mentioned.

Our space-time is postulated to have the following characteristics: (1) the space is an ocean filled with the “Gamma elements” having energy and mass and of a certain size; (2) both time and distance are discretized by the process of light propagation from one Gamma element to the next in some process of relativistic boost of the internal energy. These postulates provide us with a theoretical basis to explain why the speed of light, c, should remain constant in all inertial reference frames. The discrete process of light propagation leads us to a set of natural units. As a result, new physically based “Planck element units” may be defined with the new mass scale being ~7.37 x 10-51 kg (~4.14 x 10-15 eV/c2). The length scale is estimated from the wavelength of the highest energy gamma rays, in the range of 1 x 10-19 m ‒ 1 x 10-25 m, and the new time scale then being in the range of 3.34 x 10-28 s ‒ 3.34 x 10-34 s. The Planck element units are shown to relate with the fundamental constants, c (speed of light), G (gravitational constant), and h (Planck constant) with the same dimensional relationship as the conventional Planck units, but the length and time units are larger than those of the latter by 109 – 1016 orders of magnitude while the mass is smaller by whopping 10-43 orders of magnitude.
Category: Quantum Physics

[8] viXra:1504.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2015-04-17 21:55:26

A Relativistic Quantum Wave Equation That Reduces to the Schrödinger Equation in the Non-Relativistic Limit

Authors: Brian B.K. Min
Comments: 9 Pages.

A new relativistic quantum wave equation has been derived by applying the quantum prescription to the momentum and the kinetic energy rather than to the momentum and the total energy, since after all it is the kinetic energy that generates the momentum. The resulting equation reduces to the Schrödinger equation in the nonrelativistic limit and to the Klein-Gordon equation for “massless particles” in the relativistic limit, i.e., if the velocity of the particle approaches that of light, c. For massive particles in general, the new equation deviates from the Klein-Gordon equation. The same equation is shown to decouple according to the Dirac formalism, yielding a modified form of Dirac equation. When applied to a rest particle, the modified Dirac equation is shown to avoid a negative energy solution and instead include a constant solution. The other, the time-dependent particle solution of the modified Dirac equation, has the characteristic frequency Mc2/(ћ/2) , i.e., twice those of the Dirac solutions, Mc2/ћ.
Category: Quantum Physics

[7] viXra:1504.0133 [pdf] replaced on 2015-05-05 09:31:28

Local Quantum Measurement Discrimination Without Assistance of Classical Communication

Authors: You-Bang Zhan
Comments: 8 Pages.

The discrimination of quantum operations is an important subject of quantum information processes. For the local distinction, existing researches pointed out that, since any operation performed on a quantum system must be compatible with no-signaling constraint, local discrimination between quantum operations of two spacelike separated parties cannot be realized. We found that, however, local discrimination of quantum measurements may be not restricted by the no-signaling if more multi-qubit entanglement and selective measurements were employed. In this paper we report that local quantum measurement discrimination (LQMD) can be completed via selective projective measurements and numerous seven-qubit GHZ states without help of classical communication if both two observers agreed in advance that one of them should measure her/his qubits before an appointed time. As an application, it is shown that the teleportation can be completed via the LQMD without classical information. This means that the superluminal communication can be realized by using the LQMD.
Category: Quantum Physics

[6] viXra:1504.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2015-04-15 14:35:31

Electric Charge, Negative Energy and Time Travel

Authors: Rodolfo A. Frino
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this paper I derive the lepto-baryonic formula for the electric charge. The formula is based on the lepto-baryonic formula for the fine-structure constant that I published recently. This paper shows that the electrical charge is a function of the ratio of the mass difference between the two lightest charged leptons: the electron and the electrino; and the mass difference between the two lightest baryons: the proton and the neutron. Thus the formula for the elementary charge is a function of the mass of four elementary particles. Two of these particles (the electron and the electrino) control the sign of the electric charge. This allow us to derive the electric charge of the positron from the electric charge of the electron by interpreting the positron, as Feynman did, as an electron of negative energy travelling backward in time.
Category: Quantum Physics

[5] viXra:1504.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2015-04-14 13:54:17

The Minimal Non-Realistic Modification of Quantum Mechanics

Authors: Jiri Soucek
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this article we consider the variant of quantum mechanics (QM) which is based on the non-realism. There exists the theory of the modified QM introduced in [1] and [2] which is based on the non-realism, but it contains also other changes with respect to the standard QM (stQM). We introduce here the other non-realistic modification of QM (n-rQM) which contains the minimal changes with respect to stQM. The change consists in the replacement of the von Neumann`s axiom (ensembles which are in the pure state are homogeneous) by the anti-von Neumann`s axiom (any two different individual states must be orthogonal). This introduces the non-realism into n-rQM. We shall show that experimental consequences of n-rQM are the same as in stQM, but these two theories are substantially different. In n-rQM it is not possible to derive (using locality) the Bell inequalities. Thus n-rQM does not imply the non-locality (in contrast with stQM). Because of this the locality in n-rQM can be restored. The main purpose of this article was to show what could be the minimal modification of QM based on the non-realism, i.e. that the realism of stQM is completely contained in the von Neumann's axiom.
Category: Quantum Physics

[4] viXra:1504.0102 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-31 04:07:22

Does Geometric Algebra Provide a Loophole to Bell's Theorem?

Authors: Richard David Gill
Comments: 23 Pages. Accepted by "Entropy", to appear in 2019.

In 2007, and in a series of later papers, Joy Christian claimed to refute Bell's theorem, presenting an alleged local realistic model of the singlet correlations using techniques from geometric algebra (GA). Several authors published papers refuting his claims, and Christian's ideas did not gain acceptance. However, he recently succeeded in publishing yet more ambitious and complex versions of his theory in fairly mainstream journals. How could this be? The mathematics and logic of Bell's theorem is simple and transparent and has been intensely studied and debated for over 50 years. Christian claims to have a mathematical counterexample to a purely mathematical theorem. Each new version of Christian's model used new devices to circumvent Bell's theorem or depended on a new way to misunderstand Bell's work. These devices and misinterpretations are in common use by other Bell critics, so it useful to identify and name them. I hope that this paper can serve as a useful resource to those who need to evaluate new "disproofs of Bell's theorem". Christian's fundamental idea is simple and quite original: he gives a probabilistic interpretation of the fundamental GA equation a.b = (ab + ba)/2. After that, ambiguous notation and technical complexity allows sign errors t be hidden from sight, and new mathematical errors can be introduced.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3] viXra:1504.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2015-04-10 11:43:16

Quantum Interference Between Two Atoms

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 16 Pages.

For the first time, physicists have achieved interference between two separate atoms: when sent towards the opposite sides of a semi-transparent mirror, the two atoms always emerge together. This type of experiment, which was carried out with photons around thirty years ago, had so far been impossible to perform with matter, due to the extreme difficulty of creating and manipulating pairs of indistinguishable atoms. [10] The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron’s spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the relativistic quantum theory. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Quantum Physics

[2] viXra:1504.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2015-04-10 06:34:30

Important Step Toward Quantum Computer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 13 Pages.

Physicists at the Universities of Bonn and Cambridge have succeeded in linking two completely different quantum systems to one another. In doing so, they have taken an important step forward on the way to a quantum computer. To accomplish their feat the researchers used a method that seems to function as well in the quantum world as it does for us people: teamwork. The results have now been published in the "Physical Review Letters". [7] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron’s spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer.
Category: Quantum Physics

[1] viXra:1504.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2015-04-02 04:33:14

Superluminal Signaling Seems Unphysical

Authors: Remi Cornwall
Comments: 2 Pages. Old comment letter, placed up here to show ongoing struggle by author to understand FTL signaling, if it is at all possible.

The author muses on precursor ideas on a mechanism for superluminal signaling via entanglement correlation and comes to the conclusion that, whatever it is, it would be highly unusual, if superluminal signaling is to be believed. (Date of publication Sept/Oct 2011).
Category: Quantum Physics