Biochemistry

The First Biological Machines: Exploring Peptides as Precursors to RNA in Life’s Origins — A Hypothesis of the Reverse Central Dogma

Authors: Hyunho Shin
Comments: 7 Pages.

The RNA world hypothesis, which posits that RNA was the first biomolecule capable of storing genetic information and catalyzing biochemical reactions, has long dominated theories on the origin of life (1). However, RNA's chemical instability under prebiotic conditions raises questions about its viability as the primary molecule in early life (2). This paper proposes that peptides, rather than RNA, may have functioned as the first biological machines. I introduce the hypothesis of the Reverse Central Dogma, suggesting a molecular evolution sequence of proteins > RNA > DNA. I hypothesize that simple peptides, particularly those with disulfide bonds, could have formed spontaneously and catalyzed primitive biochemical processes (3). Among potential candidates, the heat-stable toxin (HST) from Vibrio mimicus is a compelling model due to its thermal stability, 17-amino-acid length, and specific catalytic activity (4). HST comprises only ten types of amino acids (I, D, C, E, N, P, A, F, G, L), with the sequence "IDCCEICCNPA CFGCLN" (5). This research aims to determine whether peptides formed under prebiotic conditions can exhibit machine-like activity, interact cyclically, and functionally connect with RNA. Testing peptide formation and activity in simulated early Earth conditions may provide insight into the role of peptides as foundational biological machines that set the stage for RNA and DNA evolution.
Category: Biochemistry

Metabolomics: Insights into Plant-Pathogen, Symbiont, and Endophyte Interactions Unveiling Chemical Communications

Authors: Katie Fan
Comments: 22 Pages.

Metabolomics plays a pivotal role in elucidating the intricate chemical communications in plant-microbe interactions. This comprehensive review explores how metabolomics has transformed our understanding by uncovering metabolic dynamics during pathogen infections, identifying metabolites crucial for plant resistance, and advancing metabolomics-driven breeding strategies for disease-resistant crops. The review underscores metabolomics' capacity to unveil the metabolic fingerprints of symbiotic relationships, emphasizing the pivotal role of signaling metabolites in these interactions. Furthermore, it discusses metabolomics' role in discovering novel bioactive compounds from endophytes and their potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology. By synthesizing recent advancements, this review provides a thorough exploration of metabolomics' transformative impact on deciphering chemical dialogues between plants and their microbial counterparts. This insight not only enhances our understanding of plant-microbe interactions but also lays the foundation for sustainable agricultural practices aimed at resilience and productivity.
Category: Biochemistry

Multidrug Efflux Protein Families in Bacteria: Abc, RND, MFS, SMR, Mate, Pace, Abgt (An Update)

Authors: Irshad Ahmad, Muhammad Ali, Roshan Ali, Nighat Nawaz, Simon G. Patching
Comments: 32 Pages.

Multidrug efflux proteins, also known as efflux pumps, are one of the major mechanisms that bacteria have evolved for their resistance against antimicrobial agents. Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically more resistant to many antibiotics and biocides due to their cell structure and the activity of multidrug efflux proteins. These transporters actively extrude antibiotics and other xenobiotics from the cytoplasm or surrounding membranes of cells to the external environment. Based on amino acid sequence similarity, substrate specificity and the energy source used to export their substrates, there are seven major families of distinct bacterial multidrug efflux proteins: ABC, RND, MFS, SMR, MATE, PACE, AbgT. Individual proteins may be highly specialized for one compound or highly promiscuous, transporting a broad range of structurally dissimilar substrates. Protein structural organization in a large majority of the families, including the number of transmembrane helices, has been confirmed by high-resolution structure determination for at least one member. In this book chapter, we provide an updated review on the families of bacterial multidrug efflux proteins, including basic properties, energization, structural organization and molecular mechanism. Using representative proteins from each family, we also performed analyses of transmembrane helices, amino acid composition and distribution of charged residues. Ongoing characterization of structure-function relationships and regulation of bacterial multidrug efflux proteins are necessary for contributing new knowledge to assist drug development and strategies that will overcome antimicrobial resistance.
Category: Biochemistry

Decoding Nature's Conversations: Metabolomics and the Intriguing World of Plant-Microbe Interactions

Authors: Yuan Xu, Kai-Ting Fan
Comments: 21 Pages.

Plant-microbe interactions lie at the heart of ecosystem dynamics and agricultural productivity. Metabolomics has revolutionized our understanding of these interactions, providing an unprecedented glimpse into the intricate chemical dialogues that shape their outcomes. This review explores the kaleidoscopic array of metabolomics techniques employed to investigate plant-microbe interactions, from the cutting-edge realms of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the visually stunning world of imaging. We also delve into the application of state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools, databases, and the rapidly evolving fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning in metabolomics data analysis. By seamlessly weaving together metabolomics with other omics approaches, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metagenomics, we can paint a comprehensive portrait of the molecular tapestry that underlies plant-microbe interactions. Moreover, we shine a spotlight on the crucial complementary role of fluxomics in illuminating the dynamic ebb and flow of metabolic networks. Despite the formidable challenges inherent in data analysis, integration, and interpretation, metabolomics has catalyzed a paradigm shift in our understanding of the multifaceted roles metabolites play in sculpting plant-microbe interactions. As metabolomics technologies continue to evolve and synergize with other omics approaches, we find ourselves on the precipice of groundbreaking discoveries that will unravel these complex interactions and ultimately usher in a new era of sustainable agriculture and biotechnology.
Category: Biochemistry

The Ecopoesis Model: Did Free Oxygen Fuel the Origin of Life?

Authors: Raul A. Félix de Sousa
Comments: 39 Pages.

A model for biopoesis is proposed where a complex, dynamic ecosphere, characterised by steep redox potentials, precedes and conditions the gradual formation of organismal life. A flow of electrons across the Archean hydrosphere, proceeding from the reducing constituents of the lithosphere and pumped by the photolytic production of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere is the central feature of this protobiological environment. The available range of electrochemical potentials allows for the geochemical cycling of biogenic elements. In the case of carbon, carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions are essential steps, as in today's organisms. Geochemical evidence for high levels of carbon dioxide in the Earth's early atmosphere and the biological relevance of carboxylations are the basis for a hypercarbonic conception of the primitive metabolic pathways. Conversion of prochiral chemical species into chiral molecules, inherent to hypercarbonic transformations, suggests a mechanistic method for the generation of homochirality through propagation. The solubility of oxygen in lipid materials points to an aerobic course for the evolution of cellularity.
Category: Biochemistry

Proteomic Dynamics in Arabidopsis Seedlings in Response to Heat Stress

Authors: Kai-Ting Fan, Yuan Xu
Comments: 31 Pages.

The urgency of developing thermotolerant crops is highlighted by the threat of global warming to plant survival and its detrimental impact on growth and agricultural productivity. Achieving this objective requires a deep understanding of plant responses to heat stress at the molecular level. In pursuit of this understanding, we conducted an investigation into proteome dynamics in Ara-bidopsis thaliana seedlings exposed to moderate heat stress (30°C). By employing a novel approach that integrates 15N-stable isotope labeling and the ProteinTurnover algorithm, we conducted a thorough examination of proteomic changes across various cellular fractions. Our study revealed significant alterations in the turnover rates of 571 proteins, with a median increase of 1.4-fold, in-dicating heightened protein dynamics in response to heat stress. Interestingly, soluble proteins in the roots displayed minor changes, suggesting the presence of tissue-specific adaptive mechanisms. Additionally, our analysis identified substantial turnover variations in proteins associated with redox signaling, stress response, and metabolism, highlighting the complexity of the response network. Conversely, proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial ATP syn-thesis showed minimal turnover fluctuations, underscoring their inherent stability. This compre-hensive assessment provides insights into the proteomic adaptations of Arabidopsis seedlings to moderate heat stress, elucidating the delicate balance between proteome stability and adaptability. These findings enhance our understanding of plant thermal resilience and provide valuable support for the development of crops with enhanced thermotolerance.
Category: Biochemistry

Gene Function Analysis of Biological Processes Affected by Fentanyl Use

Authors: Srinivasa Iyer
Comments: 9 Pages.

The opioid epidemic, fueled by increased use of opioids like fentanyl, claims close to 50,000 deaths annually, out of about ten million users. However, the genetic aspects of fentanyl consumption are relatively understudied and a greater understanding of genetic biomarkers of fentanyl usage would be immensely beneficial to the public health system. This study aimed to analyze post-mortem brain tissue samples of fentanyl-using subjects and healthy controls to identify biomarkers of fentanyl use. 186 differentially expressed genes were selected and entered into a protein interaction network, following which commonly present functions and pathways were analyzed. Processes including inflammatory response and responses to the metabolic process were identified as potential biomarkers. This study highlighted the connections between opioid use and the immune system, an emerging area of study.
Category: Biochemistry

Will Covid-19 Become Mild, Like a Cold?

Authors: Patrick Douglas Shaw Stewart
Comments: 15 Pages.

Several recent studies conclude that an increase in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be ruled out. However, it should be noted that SARS-CoV-2 is a "direct" respiratory virus - meaning it is usually spread by the respiratory route but does not routinely pass through the lymphatics like measles and smallpox. Providing its tropism does not change, it will be unique if its pathogenicity does not decrease until it becomes similar to influenza and common cold viruses. Ewald noted in the 1980s that respiratory viruses may evolve mildness because their spread benefits from the mobility of their hosts. This review examines factors that usually lower respiratory viruses' severity, including heat sensitivity (which limits replication in the warmer lungs) and changes to the virus's surface proteins. Other factors may, however, increase pathogenicity, such as replication in the lymphatic system and spreading via solid surfaces or fecal matter. Furthermore, human activities and political events could increase the harmfulness of SARS-CoV-2, including the following: large-scale testing, especially when the results are delayed; transmission in settings where people are close together and not free to move around; poor hygiene facilities; and social, political, or cultural influences that encourage sick individuals to remain active, including crises such as wars. If we can avoid these eventualities, SARS-CoV-2 will likely evolve to be milder, although the timescale is uncertain. Observations of influenza-like pandemics suggest it may take around two decades for COVID-19 to become as mild as seasonal colds and flu.
Category: Biochemistry

Induced Nuclear Magnetic Moments and Spins for Transient Coupling to Electronic Orbitals: Relation of Magic Number Nuclei to Biochemistry

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 86 Pages. Author develops more details of his theory of induced nuclear magnetic moments for life.

This review highlights the author’s theory of quantum fluctuations in systems down to nuclei, nucleons and quarks (as induced by surrounding thermal space, gravity, electric and magnetic fields and other nucleons) releasing and/or inducing nuclear fields, nuclear magnetic moment and/or spins. Many isotopes of elements are presented to give proof by many correlations of novel physical, chemical, biological, nuclear, thermodynamic and transport properties with nonzero nuclear magnetic moments (NMMs) and spins. The author further develops his theory of such fractional reversible (FR) fissing and fusing by perpetual quantum fluctuations of quarks and nucleons correlating with proximity of nucleons to magic number (MN) nuclei (2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126 u2026) and magic number nucleonic molecules (MNNMs). By such the author is able to correlate stable isotopes of various elements and their zero, nonzero and chiral NMMs to their masses relative MNs. The lifetimes of unstable isotopes are also reasoned and correlated to relative separation from MNs. The stable and unstable nuclei for various isotopes are presented by the authors theory to undergo hidden FR transmutations by FR electron capture (EC), FR electron release (ER), FR proton and neutron captures and/or releases as reasoned by infinitesimal quantum fluctuations of nuclei by the author’s theory. New catalytic system of Ne solvent with NaF solute is introduced in highly activated conditions for catalyzing CO2 + H2O ↔ CxHy and CxHyOz by NMMs and induced NMMs in the catalytic solute and solvent Ne and NaF. By such correlated phenomena, the author develops more his theory of new physicochemical basis for life; novel catalysis and enzymatics, unconventional nuclear reactions, room temperature and pressure superconductivity, and gravitational chemistry.
Category: Biochemistry

The Pathogenicity of Sars-Cov-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: Evolutionary Considerations

Authors: Patrick D. Shaw Stewart
Comments: 16 Pages.

Several recent studies conclude that an increase in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be ruled out. However, this does not mean that increased pathogenicity is probable. Note that SARS-CoV-2 is a "direct" respiratory virus - meaning it is usually spread by the respiratory route but does not routinely pass through the lymphatics like measles and smallpox. Moreover, it is not normally spread by the fecal-oral route. Providing its tropism does not change, it will be unique if its pathogenicity does not decrease over time until it becomes similar to influenza and common cold viruses. As pointed out by Ewald in the 1980s, most respiratory viruses, unlike many other viruses, benefit greatly from the mobility of their hosts, creating a strong selective pressure favoring respiratory virus strains that cause only mild symptoms.In this review, I discuss the biological factors that tend to reduce the pathogenicity of respiratory viruses, including sensitivity to heat (which means the virus is less likely to multiply in warmer areas such as the lungs) and alterations to the cleavage sites and binding domains on the virus's surface proteins. Increasing immunity within a host population may increase selection for mild strains. Conversely, several biological factors could potentially increase respiratory viruses’ pathogenicity. These include the virus replicating in the lymphatic system, spreading via solid surfaces, and transmitting through fecal matter, including contaminated water. Furthermore, human activities and political events could increase the harmfulness of SARS-CoV-2. These include: large-scale testing, especially by methods where the test results are delayed by one or more days, such as PCR tests; the spread of the virus in settings where people are close together and not free to move around or travel, such as refugee camps, migrant worker dormitories, hospitals, and nursing homes; unintentional release of altered viruses from labs; poor hygiene facilities in developing countries; and social, political, or cultural influences that encourage people to remain socially active when they are sick, including political crises such as wars. If we can avoid these eventualities, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 will evolve to become milder, eventually becoming another common cold virus. However, the timescale is uncertain. Observations of previous influenza and influenza-like pandemics suggest that in the absence of effective medical interventions, it may take two or three decades for the virus to become indistinguishable from other cold viruses.
Category: Biochemistry

Covid 19 — History and Scientific Progress in Treatment (Covid-19 — Ιστορια Και Επιστημονικη Προοδος Στην Αντιμετωπιση Του)

Authors: Stavroula Marini
Comments: 33 Pages. In Greek

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, like remdesivir resulted in clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize and comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previous human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak.

Η νόσος του κοροναϊού 19 (COVID-19) είναι μια εξαιρετικά μεταδοτική και παθογόνος ιογενής λοίμωξη που προκαλείται από το σοβαρό οξύ αναπνευστικό σύνδρομο κοροναϊού 2 (SARS-CoV-2), το οποίο εμφανίστηκε στη Γουχάν της Κίνας και εξαπλώθηκε σε όλο τον κόσμο. Η γονιδιωματική ανάλυση αποκάλυψε ότι ο SARS-CoV-2 σχετίζεται φυλογενετικά με ιούς νυχτερίδων που μοιάζουν με σοβαρό οξύ αναπνευστικό σύνδρομο (όπως το SARS), επομένως οι νυχτερίδες θα μπορούσαν να είναι η πιθανή κύρια δεξαμενή μετάδοσης. Η ενδιάμεση πηγή προέλευσης και μεταφοράς στον άνθρωπο δεν είναι γνωστή, ωστόσο, η ταχεία μεταφορά από άνθρωπο σε άνθρωπο έχει επιβεβαιωθεί ευρέως. Δεν υπάρχει κλινικά εγκεκριμένο αντιικό φάρμακο ή εμβόλιο που να χρησιμοποιείται κατά του COVID-19. Ωστόσο, λίγα αντιιικά φάρμακα ευρέος φάσματος έχουν αξιολογηθεί έναντι του COVID-19 σε κλινικές δοκιμές, όπως η ρεμντεσιβίρη με αποτέλεσμα την κλινική ανάκαμψη. Στην τρέχουσα ανασκόπηση, συνοψίζουμε και αναλύουμε συγκριτικά την εμφάνιση και την παθογένεια της λοίμωξης COVID-19 και των προηγούμενων ανθρώπινων κορωναϊών με σοβαρό οξύ αναπνευστικό σύνδρομο κοροναϊού (SARS-CoV) και κορωναϊό του αναπνευστικού συνδρόμου της Μέσης Ανατολής (MERS-CoV). Συζητάμε επίσης τις προσεγγίσεις για την ανάπτυξη αποτελεσματικών εμβολίων και θεραπευτικών συνδυασμών για την αντιμετώπιση αυτής της ιογενούς εστίας.
Category: Biochemistry

The Association Between Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention, Recovery, and Recurrence: a Narrative Review

Authors: Shazia Tahira
Comments: 23 Pages.

Cancer is the first most common cause of mortality in the United Kingdom and, after cardiovascular diseases, the second most common cause of mortality globally, accounting for around one in six deaths worldwide. The gravity of this situation highlights the need to find effective ways for prevention and adequate recovery from cancer. Physical activity includes all energy-consuming bodily movements that are produced using skeletal muscles. One in four, or 28%, adults do not engage in adequate physical activity. Physical inactivity is currently the fourth major risk factor for mortality worldwide. Around one-third of deaths from cancer are caused by inadequate physical activity and diet-related factors. Physical activity is associated with both cancer risk and survival for several cancer types; therefore, for controlling cancer, the role of physical activity may be crucial. In this study, a narrative review is presented about physical activity and its association with cancer prevention, recovery, and recurrence. Participation in adequate physical activity is linked to a decreased risk of various cancer types such as breast, endometrial, kidney/renal, colon, rectal, liver, lung, bladder, head and neck cancer, gastric cardia, esophageal adenocarcinoma, myeloma, myeloid leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma; furthermore, it aids cancer patients of all ages in recovery by reducing the cancer treatment side effects, improving physical fitness, mental health, and quality of life; and additionally, decreases the risk of cancer recurrence after remission. Physical activity impacts cellular processes and tumor growth by controlling body weight and metabolic variables, enhancing mitochondrial and immune function, controlling genomic instability, releasing myokines, and regulating several hormones and circulating biomarkers such as insulin and bile acid. Combining physical activity and therapy is not frequent in real-world settings. Physical symptoms such as pain and fatigue, lack of motivation, lack of time, and lack of exercise information are the major hindrances to physical activity. Therefore, personalized physical activity goals are recommended for all ages, such as active play for children with cancer. In conclusion, an increase in all types of physical activity in all domains of life in the general population and cancer patients according to the recommended guidelines or adapted according to the individual needs of patients can significantly contribute to reducing the burden of cancer and improving overall well-being. Furthermore, there is a need for future studies exploring different domains, various specific types of physical activity, and the association of physical activity with specific cancer sites, with currently limited studies.
Category: Biochemistry

Heat Shock Response and Adaptation Potential in Escherichia Coli Populations Through Epigenetics

Authors: Eunsol Na, Seungjun Park, Seohee Han
Comments: 13 Pages.

With the world recording abnormally high temperatures in September, 2023, it has been analyzed that the possibility of the collapse of the Maginot Line of climate change, which scholars are concerned about, has increased.[1] Increased temperatures may have adverse effects on their production performance and animal welfare.[2] This study was conducted using wild-type Escherichia Coli(DH5-α) which is not resistant to antibiotics. The Escherichia Coli(DH5-α) was grown in a liquid medium and later mixed with a saline solution containing 0.8% NaCl. After dilution, 10µl of the solution was taken with a micropipette and spread evenly on an LB agar plate. The plate was then incubated at 37°C for 10 hours. Afterwards, the resulting colony was transferred to the LB broth medium using an inoculation loop. There were a total of 3 groups: the control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2. The control group was cultured at 37°C for 24 hours, while experimental group 1 was heat-treated at 42°C for 15 minutes, and experimental group 2 was heat-treated at 42°C for 30 minutes. Each group was subcultured to the third stage.
Category: Biochemistry

The Role of Dhea in the Quality of Life and Longevity

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 47 Pages. 23 figures

The development from a hormonal memory based on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HTPA) axis is constituted by a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions, among the components of an adrenal neuroendocrine system that during human nurturing allows hormonal communication, integrating a newborn with his family. The brain hypothalamus functions to regulate the anterior pituitary to develop hormonal (fully emotional) communication that precedes the stage of language development. A pure emotional language constitutes an unconscious, a barrier to self-cognition on the own personality dynamics. This one could be potentiated by Doppler analysis of vector neuronal emotional childhood association to the adult stage to constitute new psyche connectomes. These ones are accessible to psychoanalytic techniques that focus on the study of the psyche, and treatment by using free association to allow healing. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an endogenous corticoid (internally produced), is the most abundant circulating steroid in humans, which is not required as vitamins, which are only available from food. DHEA is a prohormone derived from cholesterol and pregnenolone that is a precursor of mineralcorticoids (aldosterone, etc.), glucocorticoids (cortisol, etc.) and testosterone and estradiol. Usually a clinical treatment to supplement the level of testosterone or estradiol will produce the desired immediate effect, but thereafter reduce the physiological natural production, as expression of a negative feedback. DHEA might prove to have benefits in treating people diagnosed with certain conditions, such as adrenal insufficiency and lupus. Hence, these ones will respond to a physiological regulation through the attractive sexual pathways. Adolescence increases DHEA levels declining by 75-90% by the time humans hit 75-80 years old associated with a loss of function and increased risk for disease. It impacts quality of life and longevity. DHEA has become a popular anti-aging supplement. A 12 years study of old men found that an increase of 100 μg/dL of DHEA-sulfate solution injected in blood showed a 36% reduced risk of death.
Category: Biochemistry

Exploring the Association Between SNP Rs7903146 and Type 2 Diabetes in a Bangladeshi Population

Authors: Adam Mohib, Kiran Abraham, Karan Ramesh Urs, Tamilchezhiyan Kalidass, Rishi Chandrasekaran, Rayna Jindal, Vivitsa Labh, Mostafa Khan
Comments: 7 Pages.

Type 2 diabetes, often referred to as T2D, is a widespread health condition. This study focuses on the specific genetic variation in a single nucleotide poly- morphism (SNP) rs7903146 in the gene TCF7L2 and its potential association with T2D. We examined DNA samples from Bangladeshi individuals to see whether the genetic variant rs7903146 is associated with T2D in this community. We discovered that the CC variant of rs7903146 was extremely prevalent, appearing in all of the samples from people without T2D and in the majority of the samples from people with T2D out of the 38 sequences they looked at (16 from people without T2D and 22 from people with T2D). In a tiny proportion of T2D patients, there was also a less prevalent variant called CT. Surprisingly, the Bangladeshi population in this study did not show a clear association be- tween rs7903146 and T2D. This counters what several earlier investigations have found. This opens the door for more future research to completely comprehend the genetic and environmental causes of T2D to build preventative treatments for this quickly increasing global health problem.
Category: Biochemistry

A Further Thought of Genetic Coding of Rna on the Basis of Theological Biology

Authors: Wan-Chung Hu
Comments: 4 Pages.

Genetic codons are a three-letter code to be related to specific amino acids. Since there are four nucleotides including adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, the permutation for the three-letter codons will lead to 4x4x4=64 possible codes for amino acids. But, essential amino acids are only twenty kinds plus start and end codons. Thus, the third position of the genetic codon is called wobble code. The first two codes can lead to 4x4=16 permutations compared to 20 kinds of essential amino acids. Thus, the first two codes are more important to decide the amino acids in evolution. And, hydrophilic amino acids are related to adenosine in codons and hydrophobic amino acids are related to uracil in codons. Both have reasons in theological biology.
Category: Biochemistry

Exploring for the Mutation Rules of Spike Protein of Sars-Cov-2 Using Genetic Code and I Ching

Authors: Ruo Shui
Comments: 11 Pages.

COVID-19 has nearly come to an end, Rapid and simultaneous mutations from diversified variants have emerged, and this more attributes to convergent evolution. The driving force behinds this convergent evolution remains unclear. This presents a major unaddressed challenge to dig into the mutation rules of SARS-CoV-2. In view of the corresponding relationship between 3-triplets of DNA and 64 hexagrams of Chinese old book I Ching, I have found the remarkable mutations of Spike protein from predominant variants may imply the trend of this pandemic. The divergent evolutionary course from Alpha to Delta and Omicron shows the universal developing process just like start-making big-stop-mutual win process.
Category: Biochemistry

Preproinsulin Molecule and Numbering of the Twenty Proteinogenic Amino Acids

Authors: Jean-Yves Boulay
Comments: 16 Pages.

The amino acid sequence of the 110-amino acid preproinsulin, the initial product of the translation of insulin mRNA, is in close dependence with the numbering of the twenty proteinogenic amino acids. Recalling here this new concept of amino acid numbering, classification deduced from their genetic translation, it is demonstrated that the orders of occurrence of the various preproinsulin amino acid, both direct and inverse sequence, are organized in numerous ratios of exact value 3/2. This, according to the new amino acid numbering concept. The degree of abundance of these amino acids in this initial single-chain molecule reveals same numerical rational phenomena.
Category: Biochemistry

The Kilimanjaro Hypothesis: Sex as a Conserver of Replicative Fidelity and an Adaptation to Unstable Environments

Authors: Patrick Douglas Shaw Stewart
Comments: 8 Pages.

A problem at the heart of evolutionary biology is to explain how natural selection maintains high-fidelity genetic replication when the genes that specify the enzymes that replicate DNA are themselves subject to mutation. Other problems include explaining why virtually all multicellular and many unicellular organisms reproduce sexually, and why some animals, such as peacocks and birds of paradise, have evolved extravagant ornaments and complex mating rituals that appear to be detrimental. I present a simple "Kilimanjaro hypothesis" that tackles all three problems. Since the genes that specify the proteins that replicate DNA can mutate, replicative fidelity must vary between individuals. I note that many organisms choose their mates by responding to various complex behaviors, physical displays, and biochemical mechanisms, often generated by the interaction of many gene products acting together. I propose that natural selection consistently adds unnecessary complexity to the mechanisms that transfer genetic material between individuals. Since most mutations are harmful, mutator mutations are likely to disrupt these mechanisms - which must reduce the chance of individuals with error-prone replisomes mating successfully. Many puzzling biological phenomena among sexual organisms can be explained along these lines. The migration and spawning of Atlantic salmon and the complex displays of birds of paradise may, for example, be best understood as "tests" to establish that potential sexual partners possess genes for high-fidelity genetic replication. Animals that have developed physical handicaps that appear harmful, such as peacocks, and animals that undertake remarkable migrations, such as arctic terns and monarch butterflies, may be extreme examples of such tests. I also provide suggestions for experiments to test the hypothesis.
Category: Biochemistry

A Culture of Yeasts to Convert Glucose in Rice, Pulses and Grains Batter in to Alcohol, Rather Than Lactic Acid, to Prevent Obesity

Authors: Rajib Kumar Bandopadhyay
Comments: 3 Pages.

An alternate pathway to reduce blood glucose load with fermented grains, pulses and millets, Indian style, to offset Diabetes and hypertension owing to obesity resulting from a sedentary lifestyle.
Category: Biochemistry

The Everest Hypothesis: Mate Selection for Replicative Fidelity

Authors: Patrick Douglas Shaw Stewart
Comments: 6 Pages.

Mutations must occasionally arise in all genes, including the genes that encode the proteins that replicate genetic material — the nucleic acid polymerases and their associated proteins. Some of these mutations must reduce the fidelity of DNA replication (or RNA replication in RNA viruses), without actually being fatal. Lineages that replicate with reduced fidelity must therefore exist in all biological kingdoms, although we do not know how common they are. A fundamental problem at the heart of evolutionary biology is, therefore, to explain how high-fidelity replication originally evolved, and what selective pressures now maintain it. As part of a solution to this problem, I present a simple "Everest hypothesis". This proposes that natural selection consistently adds unnecessary complexity to the mechanisms that transfer genetic material between individuals. Many sexual organisms choose their mates (I suggest) by monitoring a variety of complex of behaviours, physical displays and biochemical mechanisms, often generated by the interaction of many gene products acting together or in sequence so that a defect in a single gene can result in failure to accomplish genetic transfer. Individuals with defective DNA polymerases are likely to have more mutations in these (and all other) genes, and, since most mutations are deleterious, the chance of transferring genes that encode error-prone polymerases is reduced. Many puzzling biological phenomena among sexual organisms can be explained along these lines. The migration and spawning of Atlantic salmon and the complex displays of birds of paradise may, for example, be best understood as "tests" to establish whether potential sexual partners are capable of high-fidelity genetic replication. (Other explanations of these phenomena in the scientific literature may be correct but less important.) Animals that have developed physical handicaps that appear to be harmful, such as peacocks, and animals that undertake remarkable migrations, such as arctic terns, may be special (extreme) cases. I also present suggestions for experiments to test the hypothesis.
Category: Biochemistry

The Evolution and Preservation of High-fidelity Genetic Replication

Authors: Patrick Douglas Shaw Stewart
Comments: 23 Pages.

The more genes are involved in the mechanism that transfers genetic material between individuals — including genes that usually do something else — The lower the chance that defective DNA polymerase genes with mutator mutations will be transferred.
Category: Biochemistry

Anecdote: Bitter Melons Lower Blood Pressure, Probably One Reason Being Increased Urine

Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 4 Pages.

I ate 6 "bitter melons" (Momordica charantia) over a span of 6 days, and it lowered my blood pressure. I solicit data from "citizen scientists" on the internet who want to try the same experiment on themselves — if enough email me their data, then I will update the paper to incorporate it.
Category: Biochemistry

The First Nucleic Acids Strands May Have Grown on Peptides via Primeval Reverse Translation

Authors: Arturo Tozzi, Marco Mazzeo
Comments: 12 Pages.

The central dogma of molecular biology dictates that, with only a few exceptions, information proceeds from DNA to protein through an RNA intermediate. Examining the enigmatic steps from prebiotic to biological chemistry, we takeanother road suggesting that primordial peptides acted as template for the self-assembly of the first nucleic acids polymers. Arguing in favour of a sort of archaic "reverse translation" from proteins to RNA, our basic premise is a Hadean Hearth where key biomolecules such as amino acids, polypeptides, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleotides were available under different prebiotically plausible conditions, including meteorites delivery, shallow ponds and hydrothermal vents scenarios. Supporting a protein-first scenario alternative to the RNA world hypothesis, we propose the primeval occurrence of short peptides termed "selective amino acid- and nucleotide-matching oligopeptides"(henceforward SANMAOs) that noncovalently bind at the same time the polymerized amino acids and the single nucleotides dispersed in the prebiotic milieu. We describe the chemical features of this hypothetical oligopeptide, its biological plausibility and its virtues from an evolutionary perspective. We provide a theoretical example of SANMAO’s selective pairing between amino acids and nucleosides, simulating a poly-Glycine peptide that acts as a template to builda purinic chain corresponding to the glycine’s extant triplet codon GGG. Further, we discuss how SANMAO might have endorsed the formation of low-fidelity RNA’s polymerized strains, well before the appearance of the accurate genetic material’s transmission ensured by the current translation apparatus.
Category: Biochemistry

Carcinogenesis and Angiogenesis Study Induced by Anthrachinone Plants and Hydroxyanthracen Derivatives in Chicken Eggs

Authors: Paolo Pelini
Comments: 6 Pages.

The importance of identifying new techniques and biological models for the evolutionary understanding of the different forms of cancer and of the carcinogens attributed to their formation also in the natural environment is fundamental.The study that has been carried out aims precisely at the development of these new models and at the identification of potentially carcinogenic molecules or natural compounds.
Category: Biochemistry

Dry Eye Pain Relief by Eating a Special Oily Food

Authors: Carl Littmann
Comments: 3 Pages.

This simple article is based mainly on simple empirical experience. It describes a simple way that seems to stop dry eye related pain, a condition very troubling to quite a number of people who are usually beyond middle-age. In short, the solution may be as easy as obtaining from a quality Chinese restaurant an order of Shrimp Fried Rice; taking about 1/3 cup of it and mixing into that small portion an extra 5 teaspoons of Canola Oil, heating it and eating it. (Adding a little soy sauce may help.) And importantly, also then drinking about 2/3rd cup of water. If that helps in less than 5 minutes, great. If the problem reoccurs later in the day, then with some of the ‘left-over’, it can be repeated. But if no help obtained, just discontinue. And of course, discuss health problems with your professional healthcare provider. Optionally, see more thoughts and details below.
Category: Biochemistry

Can Radioactivity Create Living Cells? A Proposed Experiment to Test for Microvita in the Origin of Life

Authors: Richard Gauthier
Comments: 4 Pages.

Can radioactive atoms in a sealed test tube create living cells in a second sealed, sterile test tube containing chemical building blocks of life? This question may be answered in the affirmative by experiments designed to test a new scientific hypothesis about the origin of life, based on the ideas of a modern spiritual master. The hypothesis to be tested is based on the concept of microvita, subtle subatomic living entities that spread life and minds throughout the universe. Microvita were introduced in India by the guru of Ananda Marga “the Path of Bliss”, Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, in 1986.
Category: Biochemistry

Coronavirus Without Spike Proteins, Respectively Mechanism of Christoph’s Quantum Nano-Scale Irradiation – Emission or Evaporation of Coronavirus Sars-Cov-2-19 by Plasmalyses Coronavirus Without Infection Spike Proteins

Authors: Imrich Krištof
Comments: 14 Pages.

Since the Discovery of structure (space-conformal) significant of α-helix and double helix of DNA, in April 1953, in the paper from 25th April 1953 by Francis Crick and James D. Watson, which were published supersignificant paper focused on this theme, win the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1962. In this 900 words of text in superjournal NATURE co-authored Maurice Wilkins, the real discoverist of structure of DNA was Rosalind Elsie FRANKLIN, so called DNA´s DARK LADY, who died only in 37 years on Cancer of ovaria. The Really Heroes of Great Scientific Discoveries are namely these, which are in the background, like a Grey Eminents, often gave for the Science all, unfortunately the health, freedom, happiness and their fragile life. The First Analytical method of sequenation and replication of DNA by method PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) invented by Nobel Prize Winner 1993 Kary Mullis with M. Smith. The PCR analytical method contributed to invention of discovery of genetics scissors, molecular scalpel – the new method of gene editing with rather unwieldy name CRISPR-Cas 9 based gene editing research at nanoscale, can do based of DNA sequencing and switch genes off or an insertion. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 has finally been awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. Thanks to these genetics-analytical discoveries the whole Mankind was salvationed from Biologicial Lethal Weapons SARS-Cov2-19 and many mutational virions escaped intentionally or randomized from Biohazard boxes in the biologicaly laboratories or from contaminationed Nature (Antarctica, Siberia, Aral Sea, Wu-chan) and maybe caused by the Warming Global Climate., The same significant like MULLIS, DOUDNA and CHARPENTIER was scientific work of Prof. RNDr. Antonín Holý, Dr.Sc., Dr.hc., who discovered virostatics on Cancer of Human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Gardasil 9 and Cervarix, AIDS resp. HIV, Hepatitide and also Coronavirus. The newest message from the current world coronavirus situation is project of spike protein vaccine Novavax financially and scientifically supported by Melinda and Bill Gates Foundation.
Category: Biochemistry

Sars-Cov-2 and Most Respiratory Viruses Replicate More Efficiently Below the Normal Body Temperature of Their Hosts

Authors: Patrick D. S. Stewart, Julia L. Bach
Comments: 3 Pages.

In April 2021 we published a review of the factors underlying the seasonality and pathogenicity of respiratory viruses [1]. We showed that many respiratory viruses possess natural thermal sensitivity, meaning they replicate faster at temperatures below their hosts’ normal body temperature, allowing them to confine themselves to the upper airways. This tropism can give them at least two important advantages: (1) they are well-placed to be transmitted; and (2) they are less likely to immobilize their hosts, increasing transmission.
Category: Biochemistry

The Imidazole Ring of Proline Allows a Polypeptide Folding Dynamics by H-Bonds Breakdown Sliding for a Vectorial Exergonic Hydrophilic to an Endergonic Hydrophobic Configuration for Hb and Active Site Functions

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 25 Pages. 11 figures

Prigogine proposed a coupling between larger sources of enthalpy to allow an open system to operate life. The sun flow of energy is coupled to water cluster thermogenic breakdown of H-bonds to vapor. The position of proline in a polypeptide chain allows sliding between segments, in the tertiary folding structure response to electrostatic attractions, could differentiate positive vs negative domains. Thus, bypass the microscopic reversibility principle, illustrated as a single door, vectorial kinetic only made possible by the jokingly Maxwell proposed operator demons. The physiological function of Hb oxygenation by pO2 shows a microscopic thermogenesis biological vector, functioning by the enthalpy potential of the large mass action of surrounding air and releasing entropy. The mechanism shows the H-bonds breakdown required for changes in the structure-function levels by the proline mediated folding. The tense (T) to relax (R) forms shows vectorial microscopic dynamics, during Hb oxygenation. Thus involves a sliding by H-bonds breakdown, distancing between subunits β_2 and α_1. Thus, open a larger entrance to a fully hydrated Mg2+ to coordinate amphoteric and negative R groups characterizable to a hydrophilic site. The transition of R to T allows positive R groups to bind 2,3-DPG to form deoxyHb. Thus, a microscopic smaller entrance by decreasing its opening size does not allow entrance of the fully hydrated Mg2+, but allow the exit of nitric oxide (NO) and a poorly hydrated Mg2+, denominated nascent. This one acts for competitive hydration sieving on the shells of Na+, which in terms take water from the K+ shell, potentiating a K+/Na+-translocation operating the electrogenic transmembrane potential. The deoxygenation in the reverse transition of R to T binds NO, protecting against a premature decrease of the chromosome’s telomeres size by stressing factors such as depression, anxiety and physic traumatisms, over endothelial cells delaying premature senescence. The arginine metabolism produces NO, dilating blood vessels, improving the circulatory systems and the muscular recovery-development. In vascular niches, endothelial cells of blood vessels produce NO, which activates the Notch signaling pathway of neighboring cancer stem cells, thus regulating their self-replication. A diet rich in arginine by producing a high sustainable level of NO may prevent the resistance to treatment by the consolidation of large vascular masses. The H-bonds donor potential by their breakdown leads to randomness (or entropy) decreasing the kinetic energy of solvation, scaling down the polarity on the thermogenic dissipation of oxy vs deoxyHb and choroid plexus epithelium on plasma generation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The enthalpy of photosynthesis-metabolism releases CO2, whereas the water cluster mediated thermostatic function releases vapor. In both systems, the entropy release maintains a high potential of enthalpy. Hence, overcomes the thermic and electric noises by an irreversible dissipative kinetics, facilitating a clear development of a meditative level of reasoning and learning. Thus, the brain acquires an autonomous function, beyond behavioral genetic conditioning.
Category: Biochemistry

Four Decades of Innovation in Medicine (1980-2021)

Authors: Shazia Tahira
Comments: 52 Pages.

The field of Medicine has advanced at a very fast pace during the last 40 years thanks to the technological and digital revolution. A number of different innovations have taken place during this time period, from inventions of newer types of medicines, innovative surgical procedures, in-depth investigative methods, and advanced technological devices. In the 1980s, a number of technological innovations took place including the emergence of the first commercial MRI scanner, personal glucose meter, and cochlear implants. There were surgical advancements like laser cataract surgery, the invention of surgical robot, and, the intravascular stent. There was development of newer types of medications like the invention of Human Insulin and the first commercial hepatitis B vaccine. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and automated DNA sequencer were invented and DNA fingerprinting was done for the first time during this decade. In the 1990s, Human Genome Project began and Dolly, the sheep became the first mammal cloned. Newer treatment modalities began like cancer immunotherapy and targeted cancer therapy. Combination drug therapy for HIV (HAART) extended HIV survival. The first human embryonic stem cell line was created and Q-switched lasers, DNA microarray, and bionic limbs were invented during this decade. The 2000s witnessed the completion of the Human Genome Project with the completion of sequencing of the human genome. The first full-face transplant and first telesurgery were also done during this time period. Capsule endoscopy got FDA approval during this decade and there was invention of HPV vaccination. In the 2010s, the first successful synthetic cell, first artificial pancreas, and the first 3D-printed heart using human cells were created. The first skull transplant was done. Bionic Eye was invented, TAVR and eTNS System were given FDA approval. The first cancer vaccine (sipuleucel-T), first Ebola vaccine, and a new drug called Sofosbuvir with a 95% cure rate for Hepatitis C were FDA approved. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy was invented and the first gene therapy and CAR-T cell therapy were given FDA approval. Genome Guided Solid Tumor Diagnosis began and the use of Artificial Intelligence initiated especially in preventative and diagnostic healthcare. During the COVID-19 pandemic, different COVID-19 vaccinations were given FDA or WHO emergency use authorization in 2020 and 2021 including Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Sinovac, and COVAXIN. These innovations have opened up possibilities that were previously unimaginable in earlier decades, and have also paved the way for future advancements in medical research and delivery of healthcare.
Category: Biochemistry

Medllecta: Hematological Preventive Method (HPM) Part 2

Authors: Egger Mielberg
Comments: 24 Pages.

A complete dynamic model of the protein and, in particular, the enzymatic process of synthesis and degradation could significantly improve the quality of diagnosis of diseases of various etiologies at the earliest stages of their development. In this article, we describe our initial attempt to create the above model based on a radically new mathematical approach, Sense Logic [1] in terms of enzymatic kinetics.
Category: Biochemistry

The Human Oral-Cavity-na-ac-Hypothalamic Axis on the Developing of Emotional Intelligence, Creativity and Innovation

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 21 Pages. 9 figures

7-transmembrane (7TM)-hormonal receptors with by noradrenaline (NA) bind activate adenylate cyclase (AC). The dendrites at the oral-cavity of NA-AC-Hypothalamic (OC-NA-AC-HT) axis have axons across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Its function is to modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HTPA) axis and its secretions into the capillary arterioles irrigating the oral cavity. The atrophy of the mammalian olfactory bulb lead humans into motor and re-adaptive brain needs. Thus, an emotional brain develops at human nurturing age. Thus, saliva hormonal communication of infants conditions by dopamine exchanges as behavioral reward. The cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein via stimulatory or inhibitory receptors (Rs and Ri) on G protein phosphorylation could stimulate signaling rewards during stages of neuronal plasticity, allowing mechanisms for conectomas development. Moreover, nurturing as a basal period allows reconfiguration of the structures of the brain itself like to 3 times improvement of the velocity of impulse transmission by axons myelination at important pathways. Infants manifest a functional amygdala and hippocampus when still have an under develop frontal brain. Emotional learning allows to bypass genetic constrains to obtain a self-cognitive level, which links to family and society experience at the unconscious level. Conformational changes release O2 from the 4 Hemes and 2Mg2+ during deoxygenation. Mutual exclusion allows the movement of His β_2 143 to the new domain by the confluence of the positive R groups surrounding the single cavity for 2,3-DPG5- of the deoxyHb structure. Nascent Mg2+ dynamics drive Na+/K+ membrane translocation for electrogenic action potential. The H-bonds breakdown and reconstitution involved in the conformational change, showed the energy flow sequence by mutual exclusion in oxy to deoxyHb, blood-plasma to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and AC conformational change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic domains. A mechanism by a switch on/off by Mg2+-cAMP coordinative insertion to open DNA in a 3 helix transitory structure with bases pointed externally. Hence, allowing a localized transcription for induce gene and phenotype expression. The initial 16.33 molarity of (H_2 O)_(n=3.4) by H-bonds exhaustion retains randomness. The kinetics energy of solvation provides a polarity scale for unidirectional unitary sense circulatory flow for the thermogenic transitions dissipation to exclude organismal entropy. The direct link to oral cavity allows an autonomous emotional human brain. The non-polar sides tends at microtubules to generate a coherence water superposition as dimers (H_2 O~OH_2), with kinetic energy when reach the oral cavity is exhaled as a 5% vapor.
Category: Biochemistry

Mechanisms that Could Increase Cancer Vulnerability in Covid-19 Mrna Vaccine Recipients

Authors: Paz Azakarian
Comments: 2 Pages. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines have been rolled out globally in high numbers. Even minimal risk groups have been fully vaccinated in many countries. We observe certain links that show there are ways cancer can have an easier path to establishing itself as a result of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.
Category: Biochemistry

Ad26.cov2.s Vaccine Safety and Effectivity Profile

Authors: Paz Azakarian, Mino Hazit
Comments: 8 Pages.

Janssen’s SARS-CoV-2 vaccine “Ad26.CoV2.S” reported 66.9% efficacy in the trial [1]. The safety and efficacy report contains certain statistics that do not hold any value without further elaboration. The protocols set to define COVID severities do not capture enough data to validify efficacy of preventive-type medicine. Self reported side effects also suggest the safety profile needs reevaluation.
Category: Biochemistry

Study Role of Hydroxyanthracen on Cellular Activity

Authors: Paolo Pelini
Comments: 2 Pages.

The purpose of this study was to determine the different action at cellular level in a biological model of Saccharomyces cervisiae yeast of single molecules of Hydroxyanthracene and the same action elicited by using the entire Aloe extract
Category: Biochemistry

Reports on Myocarditis Caused by Current Mrna Vaccines Suggest Proactivity in Identifying Cases is Needed

Authors: Paz Azakarian, Mino Hazit
Comments: 6 Pages.

SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global pandemic that resulted in a mass vaccination program in many western countries to combat the spread and severity of the illness caused by the virus. Recent studies have shown that myocarditis and pericarditis are rarely occurring side effects caused by some of the vaccines. There have been various studies that have tried to analyze how often it occured. These estimates are driven by symptomatic cases [1], though myocarditis is known to be underreported due to lack of (severe) symptoms, while it may leave long-term damage even when asymptomatic [2]. It is also one of the most common causes of sudden death in young adults. [3]
Category: Biochemistry

Transición Cuántica Del Agua de Estado Líquido a Vapor Por Entrelazamiento Fisiológico
Quantum Transition of Water from Liquid to Vapor by Physiological Entanglement

Authors: Alfredo Bennun
Comments: 10 Pages. Spanish Language, 2 figures

Una transición del estado del agua como líquido a vapor en parámetros fisiológicos se describe aquí por la función del adenilato ciclasa (AC) entre el exterior hidrofílico de la membranas neuronales y su interior hidrofóbico. La activación de AC por Mg^(2+) en exceso de ATP como sustrato reacciona con el agua polimerizada (H2O)n (n=3.4) para producir pirofosfato (Pi) y AMP. El cierre del anillo para formar cAMP libera H2O. Las moléculas individuales al formar pares entrelazados, no podrían encajar en el sitio activo, lo que evita el reingreso en una reacción inversa. Por lo tanto, conserva el turnover al liberar la enzima del producto (agua sin enlaces de hidrógenos), y así completar su ciclo cinético y al no acumular producto puede eludir la reversibilidad microscópica. Este último, el estado de vapor está presente a una concentración del 5% en el aire exhalado. Esta transición de estado fisiológico permite que el punto crítico para el cambio de estado, para 500 ml de agua dentro del líquido cefalorraquídeo (CSF, en inglés), se produzca a 36,6℃. Los pares entrelazados en su conjunto adoptan un estado de entrelazamiento. Obviamente, las moléculas individuales no pueden circular en estado de vapor dentro del sistema de astrocitos. Sin embargo, los pares lo hacen a una tasa de 1.6E16 pares por milisegundos (ms), mayor que el turnover operativo de AC. La estructura de conjunto de agua podría oscilar entre dos estados, uno entrelazado por dos átomos de oxígeno en el par, y el otro, por dos átomos de hidrógeno entrelazados en el par. El sistema permite la propagación de la direccionalidad a los pares entrelazados uniformemente que permite, una jerarquización del efecto inicial. A una tasa de formación disipativa de 1.6E16 pares por ms, permite que un estado líquido circule dentro de los astrocitos. Las moléculas individuales fueron operadas por entrelazamiento para permitir la función fisiológica de enfriar el cuerpo liberando calor, en forma de vapor, a la temperatura corporal. Procesos de consumo de energía en el cerebro por el péptido intestinal vasoactivo (VIP), la adrenalina en los tejidos AC y la noradrenalina (NA) activada por AC en el cerebro. Las acciones de glucogenólisis y la cascada de adenilato-ciclasa, junto con la liberación de vapor fuera del sistema termodinámico. Estos crean un sistema abierto que previene cualquier reversibilidad metabólica, incluso por poco tiempo, al cerebro funcional.
Category: Biochemistry

Quantum State Transition from Liquid to Vapor Water by Physiological Entanglement

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 9 Pages. 2 figures

A liquid water state transition to vapor at the physiological parameter is hereby described by adenylate cyclase (AC) function in neuronal membranes, across hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. The cerebral enzymatic reactions involves Mg exceeding ATP as a substrate reacting with polymeric liquid H2O (n=3.4) to produce Pyrophosphate (Pi) and AMP. The closing of the ring to form cAMP and release H2O. The individual molecules by forming entangled pairs, which could not fit into the active site, avoid reentering in a backward reaction. Thus, but still have turnover to free the enzyme from the product to interact with substrate polymeric liquid water, complete its cycle and eludes microscopic reversibility. The latter, vapor state is present at 5% concentration in exhaled air. This physiological state transition allows that the critical point for change of state, for 500ml water within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs at 36.6 oC. The entangled pairs as a whole adopt an entanglement state. Obviously, the individual molecules could not circulate in the vapor state within the astrocytes system. However, paired do at a rate of 1.6E16 pairs per milliseconds (ms), greater that AC operational turnover. The water paired structure could oscillate between two states, one entangled by two oxygen atoms in the pair, and the other, by two structures of two entangled hydrogen atoms in the pair. The system allows directionality propagation to the uniformly entangled pairs allows by the hierarchical of the initial effect. At a dissipative forming rate of 1.6E16 pairs per ms allow a liquid state to water within the astrocytes. Individual molecules were operated by entanglement to allow a physiological function of cooling the body by releasing heat as vapor, at body temperature. Energy-Consuming Processes in the Brain by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), adrenaline in tissues AC, and noradrenaline (NA) activated AC in brain. The glycogenolysis actions and the adenylate-cyclase cascade, coupled to the release of vapor out of the system. These create an open system preventing any metabolic reversibility even by a short time to the functional brain.
Category: Biochemistry

Integral Forms for the Quantum he Hamiltonian Approximation of Chemical Bonds in Rna and Protein Scaling Comparisons. a Numerical Proof of Concept

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 10 Pages. None

In the paper a mathematical method, originated from studies of nonlinear partial differential equations, is applied to the He approximation of outer electron chemical bonds. The results can be used in the study of large molecules like RNA and proteins. We follow a pairwise atom by atom coordinates approximation. Coordinates can be obtained from crystallography or electron microscopy. The present paper solely presents the proof of concept of the existence of an algorithm. It is expected that such algorithm can be employed in studies of larger molecules.
Category: Biochemistry

What About “parasite” DNA ?

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 3 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

This paper explores "parasite" DNA in light of the recent vaccine based on mRNA.
Category: Biochemistry

Sars-Cov-2 Spike and Telomerase Rnas Compared to Arrive at an Explanation for Increased Ageing in Alveolar Cells in Severe Covid-19

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 4 Pages.

In this letter we investigate if SARS-CoV-2 RNA is involved in the increased ageing of alveolar cells. The in silico study is explorative . With the results we are able to outline an in vitro experiment.
Category: Biochemistry

Algorithmic Simulations of Hydrocortisone-Induced Degeneration

Authors: Philip Naveen
Comments: 6 Pages.

The Elk River, Gulf Wars, and Atlantic Oxybenzone instances proved chemical contamination is a serious threat. HC is a common corticosteroid used to treat skin lesions that hasn't undergone testing. This research will utilize real plant cultivation, mathematical modeling, machine learning, and custom Python3 programming to determine the effect of HC on plant life. Metadata significant at a 0.01 level under 48 degrees of freedom was gathered by cultivating real Raphanus sativus plants treated with various levels of HC contaminated water; the t-test was verified using Java8 computer code. The simulation comprised of three independent algorithms. Because the metadata was very sparse, the first algorithm was dedicated to using modified bootstrapping to iteratively generate synthetic data points with less entropy. The second algorithm was a deep learning substructure incorporating concepts of linear regression and neural networks; the backpropagation used the MSE loss function and ADAM optimizer, which has aspects of previously engineered AdaGrad and RMSProp models. The third algorithm measured the effect of HC on a terrain based on aquatic content. The simulations used an HC contaminator based of the Gulf Wars event and five semi-aquatic terrains in North America, which were the contaminator and terrestrial parameters respectively. The plant cultivation and software simulations supported the research hypothesis stating that the uncontaminated plants would be healthiest was accepted. Future research could use convolutional neural networks to achieve a higher R-squared value and real-time procedural terrain generation to improve the simulations.
Category: Biochemistry

Chemistry of Life from the Perspective of Earth Being a Cooling Star

Authors: Ivo Van Der Rijt
Comments: 15 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm]

This paper explores the chemistry of life origen from the perspective of Earth being a cooling star.
Category: Biochemistry

Temperature Dependent Viral Tropism: an Explanation of the Seasonality and Pathogenicity of the Endemic Respiratory Viruses

Authors: Patrick D Shaw Stewart
Comments: 30 Pages.

This review seeks to explain four features of viral respiratory illnesses that have perplexed many generations of microbiologists: (1) the seasonal occurrence of viral respiratory illness; (2) the occurrence of respiratory illness year-round in the Tropics; (3) the rapid response of illness to temperature drops in temperate regions; (4) the explosive arrival and rapid termination of epidemics caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses. I discuss the inadequacy of the popular explanations of seasonality, and propose a simple hypothesis, called Temperature Dependent Viral Tropism (TD-VT), that is compatible with the above and other features of respiratory illness. TD-VT notes that viruses can often transmit themselves more effectively if they moderate their pathogenicity (thereby maintaining the mobility of their hosts) and suggests that most endemic respiratory viruses accomplish this by developing thermal sensitivity, in the sense that they normally replicate rapidly only at temperatures below normal body temperature. This allows them to confine themselves to the upper respiratory tract and to avoid infecting the lungs, heart, gut etc. I review biochemical and tissue-culture studies that found that “wild” respiratory viruses often show natural thermal sensitivity within a range that supports organ-specific tropism within the human body, and I discuss the evident tendency for viral strains to adapt their thermal sensitivity to their local climate and season. I also explore the possible misinterpretation of early experiments where volunteers were inoculated nasally with viral samples and then chilled. Next, I discuss the practical implications of the TD-VT hypothesis for preventing and treating respiratory illness. Finally, I note that the hypothesis is very testable and make suggestions for the most important experiments to increase our understanding of the seasonality and pathogenicity of viral respiratory illness.
Category: Biochemistry

Analysis of the Biochemical and Pathological Mechanisms of Botanicals in the Treatment of COVID-19

Authors: Mingchun Xiao
Comments: 5 Pages.

COVID-19, which originated in 2019, triggered a global pandemic in 2020. In the treatment of COVID-19, botanicals have achieved certain effects. My research found that the physiological mechanism of botanicals in the treatment of COVID-19 is that the alkaloids contained in plants can correct the PH value in blood and body fluids, maintain acid-base balance, and thereby inhibit the reproduction of COVID-19 and fungi. The pathological mechanism is that the invasion of COVID-19 will induce the proliferation of Candida albicans in the human body and cause acute leukemia. When Candida albicans proliferate in large numbers, it will destroy tissue cells, hinder the gas exchange in the blood, cause a large amount of carbon dioxide to stay, and cause the pH of body fluids and blood to be acidic. The alkaloids contained in plants can biochemically combine the hydrogen ions in body fluids and blood to reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in body fluids and blood, thereby reaching acid-base balance and inhibiting the inflammatory response of Candida albicans.
Category: Biochemistry

Presumptive Evidence for ADAR1 A-to-I Deamination at WA-sites as the Mutagenic Genomic Driver in Hepatocellular and Related ADAR1-Hi Cancers

Authors: Robyn A. Lindley, Edward J. Steele
Comments: 8 Pages.

In hepatocellular cancer (HCC) there is an over expression of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1. Further, the prominent genomic somatic mutation signature in HCC is almost exclusively focused on mutations at A:T base pairs where A-to-G mutations far exceed T-to-C mutations (when read on the non-transcribed strand). A clear mechanism for this extreme transcriptional strand biased mutation signature, putatively associated with over expression of ADAR1 deaminase, is yet to be explicitly demonstrated. The standard description of this strand bias has been nominally called “Transcription Coupled Damage” (TCD) to distinguish it from more conventional “Transcription Coupled Repair” (TCR). We show that the TCD description does not satisfy all features of the molecular evidence. The conventional view is that ADAR1 is thought to target adenosines at WA-sites for editing to inosine (I) in double stranded RNA stem-loop structures in transcripts. Here we show that the totality of the molecular and cellular data on these mutation signatures provides strong presumptive evidence for a clear role for ADAR1-mediated A-to-I deamination at WA-sites as the mutagenic driver in hepatocellular and possibly other related ADAR1-Hi cancers displaying biased mutation features at A:T base pairs.
Category: Biochemistry

A Framework of Host Immune Responses Against Four Types of Parasitic Infections

Authors: Wan-Chung Hu
Comments: 2 Pages.

Host immunity against parasitic infections are complicated. It will be categorized into four immunological pathways against four types of parasitic infections. For intracellular protozoa, the host immunological pathway is TH1 immunity with macrophages, IFNg CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and IgG3 B cells. For free living extracellular protozoa, the host immunological pathway is TH22 immunity with neutrophils, IL-22/IL-17 CD4 T cells, and IgG2 B cells. For helminths (endoparasites), the host immunological pathway is TH2a immunity with eosinophils, IL-5/IL-4 CD4 T cells, and IgG4 B cells. For insects (ectoparasites), the host immunological pathway is TH2b immunity with basophils, mast cells, IL-3/IL-4 CD4 T cells, and IgE B cells. Thus, the framework of the whole immunological pathways against four types of parasitic infection is given.
Category: Biochemistry

The Origin of Life: the Evolution of Viruses, the Simplest Bacteria and the Last Universal DNA Molecule.

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich
Comments: 6 Pages.

Since viruses are the first form of life on Earth, it can be shown that it was viruses that formed and spread biological life on the planet. The evolutionary transition from giant viruses to the first protozoan bacteria is logical and can be considered proven. The genome of the organism is encoded in DNA and viruses are the first form of life, therefore, in the past, there should have been the last universal DNA molecule, which contained the genes of all possible living beings in our biosphere.
Category: Biochemistry

Anomalous Datasets Reveal Metagenomic Fabrication Pipeline That Further Questions the Legitimacy of Ratg13 Genome and the Associated Nature Paper

Authors: John F. Signus
Comments: 37 Pages. Multiple alignment to all known viral genomes (at a sensitivity higher than NCBI analysis) made possible using the SERRATUS toolbox.

Recently, Daoyu Zhang et. Al [1], Mona Ralker et. Al [2] and Mohit Singla et. al [3] have reported exceptional anomalies associated with the RaTG13 metagenomic dataset which was inconsistent with that of a real fecal sample. Despite extensive search, we are only able to isolate 2 datasets Other than RaTG13 itself, that possessed significant levels of non-adaptor repeat sequences and absence of bacteria in the context of “bat” and “fecal” or “virome”. Furthermore, the analysis of such datasets have revealed an established pipeline of which a viral sequence is “rehosted”—e.g. added to a metagenomic sample that originally did not contain such viral sequences. This raises serious questions to the legitimacy of RaTG13 genome and the associated Nature paper.
Category: Biochemistry

The Spreading and Invasion of Bacteriofags and Virulent Agens to Health Cells and MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Response

Authors: Imrich Krištof
Comments: 6 Pages.

This new paper describes the nowdays phenomena virion diseases, like for example Covid-19, herpes virion, influenza virion, cancer virion and HIV. Contemporary Biotech science even can resolve this difficult situation of health of whole world population. In some case can successfully regenerated, reanimated, restart the health for people in the most exploatated regions or countries on the whole world. Also has the great sigificance discoveries criper/Cas9, genetic scissors which can improve the genome of whole world population. (Jennifer A. Doudna, Enmanuella Charpentierová, Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2020).
Category: Biochemistry

The Pan-SL-CoV/GD Sequences May Be from Contamination

Authors: Daoyu Zhang
Comments: 28 Pages.

Recently, There were much hype about an alleged SARS-like coronavirus being found in samples of Malayan pangolins (Manis Javanica) possessing nearly identical RBD to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Prominent journals cite the alleged discovery to claim that pangolins may be one of a possible intermediate host for the zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans. Here, we report that all databases used to support such a claim, upon which metagenomic analysis was possible, contained unexpected reads and was in serious risk of contamination. Here we also report that the presence of unexpected reads are directly related to the presence of coronavirus reads. Finally, we deduced the actual causative agent of the death of the pangolins sampled in GuangDong 2019 where the claim of coronavirus detections was made.
Category: Biochemistry

The Origin of Life on Earth, the Panspermia Hypothesis and Cosmological DNA Synthesis.

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich
Comments: 12 Pages.

The process of the rapid origin of life on Earth is analyzed, taking into account the evolution of our Sun (the beginning of thermonuclear reactions). Given the knowledge about DNA, viruses and the structure of bacteria, it is concluded that the origin of life on Earth was initiated from the outside. Further, using space chemistry, it is shown that spontaneous assembly of DNA/RNA molecules can occur on particles of interstellar and intergalactic dust. Therefore, when favorable conditions are created on the planet, the emergence of life begins rapidly, since the initiators of life are already available from cosmic dust (RNA and DNA molecules).
Category: Biochemistry

The Infectious Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 May Already Exist

Authors: Ding Jian
Comments: 5 Pages. I firmly believe that a single spark can start great creative conflagrations.

In allusion to the COVID-19 epidemic situation, the current key point to win the decisive victory is on how to improve the antibody prevalence, so as to achieve herd immunity and eventually eliminate the epidemic situation. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that an authoritative experimental conclusion should be given on whether the recovered patients with COVID-19 are infectivity or not. That is to say, those susceptible people who have not yet had the antibodies should be tested, in order to verify whether they would produce antibodies after close contact with the recovered patients who have had the antibodies. Of course, this is a feasible experiment. The implication that there should be a type of infectious vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, which is always around us and well within reach. In addition, it is pointed out that the state of balance where the viruses and the human immune system are opposed and can coexist is the environment they face for survival and proliferation, while the infectivity is the necessary condition. It is under such environment that the progenies of those original viruses would be just possible to be improved by human immune system, thereby evolve into the main part of the IgG antibodies. Since asymptomatic infected persons are now confirmed to transmit the viruses, so it is inferred that the Infectious Attenuated Live Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 must be there too.
Category: Biochemistry

具有传染性的新冠病毒疫苗已经存在 (The Infectious Vaccines a Gainst Sars Cov 2 Already Exist)

Authors: Ding Jian
Comments: Pages.

针 对 COVID 19 疫情，当前决胜的关键，在于如何提高抗体流行率，以达到群体免疫，最终解除疫情这个目的。因此强烈建议，针对 COVID 19 的康复患者是否具有传染性，给出一个权威的实验结论。也就是说，应该检测那些尚未具有抗体的易受感染者，以验证他们在与这些已具有抗体的康复患者密切接触之后，是否会产生抗体？当然 这是一个可行的实验。 这意味着，应该有一种具有传染性的新冠病毒（ SARS CoV 2 ）疫苗一直 存在于我们身边，而且是唾手可得。 此外还指出，病毒与人体免疫系统对立且能共处的平衡状态，是它们生存和增殖所面临的环境，而传染性是必要条件。 正是在这样的环境下，那些原始病毒的后代才有可能得到人体免疫系统的改良，从而进化成 IgG 抗体的主体。 鉴于目前已确认无症状感染者可以传播病毒，于是推断，具有传染性的新冠病毒减毒活疫苗也一定存在。 (In allusion to the COVID-19 epidemic situation, the current key point to win the decisive victory is on how to improve the antibody prevalence, so as to achieve herd immunity and eventually eliminate the epidemic situation. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that an authoritative experimental conclusion should be given on whether the recovered patients with COVID-19 are infectivity or not. That is to say, those susceptible people who have not yet had the antibodies should be tested, in order to verify whether they would produce antibodies after close contact with the recovered patients who have had the antibodies. Of course, this is a feasible experiment. The implication that there should be a type of infectious vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, which is always around us and well within reach. In addition, it is pointed out that the state of balance where the viruses and the human immune system are opposed and can coexist is the environment they face for survival and proliferation, while the infectivity is the necessary condition. It is under such environment that the progenies of those original viruses would be just possible to be improved by human immune system, thereby evolve into the main part of the IgG antibodies. Since asymptomatic infected persons are now confirmed to transmit the viruses, so it is inferred that the Infectious Attenuated Live Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 must be there too. )
Category: Biochemistry

An Examination of the Scientific Evidence for the Existence of the SARS-Cov-2 Virus and Its Relation to COVID-19

Authors: Ryan C. Matters
Comments: 8 Pages.

Following increased respiratory illness in Wuhan, China, a novel coronavirus was isolated, and named ‘SARS-Cov-2’. This was then determined to be the cause of the respiratory illness now termed ‘COVID-19’. This paper argues that there is no evidence in the scientific literature to suggest that the SARS-Cov-2 virus exists, let alone causes illness. The fact remains that SARS-Cov-2 has never been purified, despite this being the agreed upon procedure for proving the existence of a virus. This paper argues that a virus is not the cause of COVID-19 and therefore alternate possible causes must be examined.
Category: Biochemistry

Enteric Bacteria, Simple Introduction with Numerical Optical Sectioning

Authors: J.W.Stanford, R. A. Bartels, C. S. Menoni
Comments: 20 Pages.

Human gastrointestinal microbiota, also known as gut ora or gut mi- crobiota, are the microorganisms (generally bacteria and archaea), that live in the digestive tracts of humans. Many non-human animals, in- cluding insects, are hosts to numerous microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract as well. The human gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of gut microbiota. The gut is one niche that human microbiota inhabit.
Category: Biochemistry

Origin and Basic Mechanism of Life

Authors: Jan Helm
Comments: 73 Pages.

This paper presents in a concise way the main characteristics of life from the physical point of view and the most successful theories of biogenesis, together with a mathematical formulation and simulation of protobiogenesis. Part 1 is a state-of the-art report on the genetic foundations (genetic code, DNA, RNA, protein synthesis), the building blocks (amino acids, nucleobases), the structure and hierarchy of life (cells, tree of life) and the chemistry of life (metabolic pathways). Part 2 describes the evolution of terrestrial life according to the current knowledge. For the first three stages (extra-terrestrial prebiotic synthesis, prebiotic evolution, proto-PNA-RNA world) plausible scenarios are presented, for the next two stages (LUCA, DNA world) the evolution is described according to our current knowledge. Part 3 presents the mathematical formulation and simulation of the genetic proto-code model based on an empirical reaction model developed for life chemistry. Here the transition from the prebiotic chemistry to the first life cycle is calculated for two realistic scenarios: hydrothermal vent and lipid-bubbles.
Category: Biochemistry

Factors Affecting COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in Pakistan

Authors: Shazia Tahira
Comments: 12 Pages.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The earliest case of this infection is dated back to 17 November 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus later spread to other countries all over the world through human-to-human transmission. On 11th March 2020 the WHO declared it a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is contagious in humans. It is the successor to SARS-CoV-1, the strain that caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll. The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, most often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, and talking. On 26th February, Pakistan confirmed its first two cases of the coronavirus. Lockdown was announced by different provincial governments on 21st march and it remained till 9th of may all over the country. In early June, case numbers began rising far faster. As of June 22nd 2020, Pakistan has 185,034 confirmed cases, Sindh has the highest number of confirmed cases at 71,092 closely followed by Punjab at 68,308. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has 22,633 cases, Islamabad capital territory has 11,219 cases, Balochistan has 9,587 cases, Gilgit Baltistan has 1326 cases, and Azad Kashmir has 869 cases Major cities in Pakistan have the highest number of COVID-19 cases. Males have comparatively high COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Pakistan at 74.06% and 73.92% respectively. The comparatively higher COVID-19 incidence in males seems related to lack of social distancing measures. COVID-19 incidence is highest in 20-40 age group in both genders and 45% of confirmed cases belong to this age group. Also this age range usually lags behind following social distancing measures. Mortality is comparatively less in this age group but this age range can still transmit infection to more vulnerable age groups. Although the age group of 50-69 makes up only 21.61% of COVID-19 confirmed cases, this age range has the highest mortality and constitutes 55.14% of COVID-19 associated deaths as older people and people with pre-existing medical conditions are more vulnerable to becoming severely ill with the virus. Since early June, after the relaxation of lockdown measures there is a sharp increase in COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, which also relates to lack of precautionary measures by citizens. The best way to prevent COVID-19 is to avoid being exposed to this virus by maintaining good social distance and proper sanitization.
Category: Biochemistry

Host Range Analysis of Rousettus Bat Coronavirus Hku-9

Authors: John F. Signus
Comments: 13 pages. Detailed Keyword search

The representative member of the genus Nobecovirus, Bat Coronavirus HKU-9, was one of the least known memebers of the genus Betacoronaviruses. Here we performed a detailed analysis of the known and potential host ranges of HKU-9.
Category: Biochemistry

SARS-COV-2 Adults and Childen: Two Phenotypically Different Viruses

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 2 Pages.

The SARS-Cov-2 virions produced in human children, adults and elder people display slight differences in their makeup.
Category: Biochemistry

Analysis of the Pharmacological Mechanism of Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of COVID-19

Authors: Mingchun Xiao
Comments: Pages.

The COVID-19 coronavirus, which originated in 2019, caused a global pandemic in 2020. In the course of combating COVID-19, herbal drugs have achieved certain effects. My research found that the pharmacological mechanism of botanical drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 is that the alkaloids, volatile oils, and polysaccharides contained in plants have a broad-spectrum antiviral and broad-spectrum antifungal effect. A combination of multiple herbal drugs can kill the invading body COVID-19 and suppress its own immune over-reaction or inhibit the infiltration of leukocyte inflammation, quell the war between the two sides, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment.
Category: Biochemistry

Lesser Known or Novel Measures Against Covid-19

Authors: H. Singh Dhaliwal
Comments: 8 Pages.

Examined in this document are solutions that may be lesser known or unknown in terms of its relevance to COVID-19. High level research skills were used with an inventive approach to find scholarly works related to a possible treatment idea. Please click or CTRL-CLICK to view each link.
Category: Biochemistry

Air Pollution, Its Consequences and Solving it

Authors: Kareem Hamdy EL-Torky, Kerlos Samuel Gawargy, Taha Ottief Mohammed, Youssef Aymen Saad, Youssef Mohamed Abdelaal
Comments: 18 Pages. topic of research is pollution specifically air pollution

Pollution is a significant problem that Egypt faces and air pollution is its most dangerous type of pollution. Gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides increased concentration affects health which is mostly produced by combustion reactions in car fumes or factories. Also, it causes diseases like asthma, Alzheimer's, even cancer and also affect the economy by affecting crops growth and decreasing it. The negative effect of air pollution on plants can be used as a bioindicator of pollutants concentration by noticing the growth of pollution-sensitive plants as lichens in polluted areas; the more its growth is affected, the more the pollutants are concentrated. One of the most dangerous pollutants is nitrogen oxides; most of the pollutant's concentration comes from traffic emissions. Nitrogen oxides can cause severe health issues as irritation of the respiratory tract, and it can reduce immunity to lung infections. Also, carbon monoxide is a hazardous pollutant that may cause loss of balance, vision problems, memory problems, loss of consciousness and eventually, death. The increased concentration of pollutants and greenhouse gases like chlorofluorocarbon and nitrogen oxides damages the ozone layer critically. It threatens human health as the ozone layer is the earth's shield against harmful rays coming from space as ultraviolet rays, for example, exposure to UV rays causes skin cancer premature ageing and other skin damage eye damage and Immune system weakness. Polluting gases are mostly produced by combustion reactions providing both heat and additional residue in the form of pollution as mentioned earlier, thermodynamics rules these reactions and expresses them. The first and second laws of thermodynamics discuss these reactions and help us get a better view of the problem which can help scientist find better and more efficient solutions in the future by understanding the roots of the problem.
Category: Biochemistry

E.T. or Not E.T.? That is the Question

Authors: Richard M. Blaber
Comments: 14 Pages.

Attempts to detect electromagnetic signals from extraterrestrial intelligences have hitherto proved fruitless, and no plausible solution has been provided for the ‘Fermi Paradox’ that does not entail the non-existence of radio broadcasting and interstellar travelling exoplanetary civilisations. Yet life itself, and even intelligent life, of a non-technological kind, may be abundant.
Category: Biochemistry

Host Change -Tropism Pattern of Human Coronaviruses Suggesting the Engineered Nature of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Authors: Murat Seyran
Comments: 388 Pages. I am a doctoral candidate at the University of Vienna but I done this without the support of the affiliated institute.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the seventh and the unique human CoV with pandemic potential. The host tropism and infection pattern of SARS-CoV-2 have 3 fundamental differences compared to the previous six human pathogenic CoVs, i.e. HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and MERS-CoV. N-terminal domain (NTD) of CoVs Spike (S) Protein contains a specific glycan-binding region as the first contact area with the new host. Specific glycan-binding immune receptors e.g. C-type lectins recognize NTD of S Protein of CoV and exterminate the virus before its adaptation. According to Canyon Hypothesis CoVs sunk this glycan-binding domain beneath the surface of S Protein to evade host immune system e.g. MERS-CoV glycan-binding domain 280 Å2 under its S Protein surface or HCoV-229E deleted its glycan-binding NTD during its host tropism. Strikingly, SARS-CoV-2 does not have a single amino acid (aa.) alteration or deletion on its glycan-binding region NTD of its S Protein compares to its parent virus BatCoV RaTG13. The flat and unsunken surface of SARS-CoV-2 NTD S Protein conflicting with the general adaptation and survival pattern of all CoVs. Secondly, based on the template-switching model, CoVs pause their replication on certain domains and have recombinations on these specific sites. SARS-CoV-2 and BatCoV RaTG13 are both betacoronavirus lineage B and their genomes are almost identical except 4 aa. inserts between the S1/S2 enables the virus to cleavage by host cell furin protease. However, other betacoronavirus lineage B members and the clinical strains of SARS-CoV-2 do not have any alterations on S Protein S1/S2 suggesting SARS-CoV-2 obtained this trait with a one-time unique event. Thirdly, after host adaptation CoVs improve their host cell interaction with certain aa. substitutions on their receptor binding domain (RBD) that considered as positive selection site. SARS-CoV-2 had 22 aa. substitutions on S Protein RBD compare to BatCoV RaTG13. However, despite millions of SARS-CoV-2 infections, RBD has not indicated a single high-frequency aa. substitution suggesting the too-perfect angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding that was gained with a one-time alteration. Unlike the RBDs of other CoVs, SARS-CoV-2 RBD is not a positive selection site. In summary, i) flat and unaltered NTD, ii) conserved RBD, and iii) unique S1/S2 insert of S Protein of SARS-CoV-2 suggesting its engineered nature. Engineering of CoVs is not a speculation since 18 research projects to develop genetically modify CoVs as pandemic potential pathogens paused by United States Government Moratorium in 2014.
Category: Biochemistry

Functional Groups in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages.

According to the biostellar evolution principle, as a star evolves life forms and evolves on it. This means all major organic chemical processes occur inside and on the star as it evolves, thus the vast majority of organic functional groups in the universe are formed inside stars as they evolve. Stars directly form life and all organic compounds, molecules and material as they evolve as is predicted by the general theory of stellar metamorphosis.
Category: Biochemistry

Perspectives on the Use of Rapid Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Covid-19

Authors: S. Thangminlal Vaiphei
Comments: 5 Pages.

In the recent outbreak of the COVID-19, the use of rapid diagnostics have escalated drawing a large number of companies and manufacturers to come up with new testing kits. The merits and demerits of these rapid diagnostics must be carefully evaluated with proper validation and understanding prior to its use to help prevent misguidance. Research into improvement of these existing diagnostics towards disease surveillance and epidemiology should be highly encouraged.
Category: Biochemistry

Petoukhov Modules, Symmetry and Genetic Code

Authors: Boulay Jean-Yves
Comments: 23 Pages. Paper was presented on Symmetry Festival 2006

This study describes numerous phenomena of symmetry in the distribution of the amino acids in the genetic code table. These phenomena consist to arithmetical arrangements of sets of modules numbers or/and of protons numbers which are counted in each of the 20 amino acids used by the standard genetic code. In this present article, is specifically investigated the molecular modules system of Professor Sergei Petoukhov.
Category: Biochemistry

A Third Case Report Regarding the Effects of "ASEA redox Supplement" in a ~3-year old boy with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy from town Slobozia, Romania (preprint)

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: (ASEA in DMD 3rd case preprint - v.1.0 - 24.04.2020 - 10 A4 pages)

This paper argues that “ASEA redox Supplement” (ARS) may show comparable or even stronger beneficial effects (with less or none adverse effects) than corticosteroids in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). This paper presents a third case report on the effects of an ionized “saline water” called “ASEA redox Supplement®” (ARS) oral solution in a ~3-year-old boy with DMD from town Slobozia [URL2], Romania. In vitro studies showed that ARS is a very potent selective NRF2 activator, thus a very potent (indirect) antioxidant and cytoprotective: the studies conducted in vivo also support this main pharmacological mechanism of ARS, with no toxicity up to high doses, in contrast with the much more toxic corticosteroids. From the first months of ARS treatment, the main rhabdomyolysis markers (with very high initial serum levels) dropped significantly, with no found toxicity until the present. Before starting adjuvant therapy with oral ARS, this boy-patient was already prescribed by his attending neurologist a combined therapy with: L-carnitine (1g/day) & Vitamin D3 (1000IU/day) & calcium-magnesium oral supplement (5ml/day) & plant-extracts hepatoprotective syrup (5ml/day) & coenzyme Q10 (30mg/day) from the last week of February 2019 (thus from approximately 5 months earlier than the moment in which ARS therapy was initiated). This previous combined therapy of dietary supplements (DSs) also showed a promising decrease in rhabdomyolysis serum markers (RSMs) (which is also an important fact with implications for other children with DMD who may potentially benefit from this combined set of DSs): however, when the calcium-magnesium oral supplement was replaced by a combination of ARS (30ml/day ~ 2.5ml/kg/day) & omega-3 fatty acids (185mg/day with a DHA: EPA ratio of approx. 5-to-1) from August 1st, 2019, the RSMs decrease was quite spectacular (when compared to the anterior decrease) when measured in December 2nd, 2019 at “Victor Gomoiu” Pediatric Hospital (from Bucharest, Romania). This paper continues the work of other past articles/preprints of the same author.
Category: Biochemistry

Curcumin Combination Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer

Authors: Shazia Tahira
Comments: 18 Pages.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancer and there is innate resistance to standard chemotherapy regimens in pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine was approved in 1996 for the chemotherapeutic treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin) and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel combination therapies showed superiority to gemcitabine monotherapy but are more toxic than gemcitabine monotherapy. Therefore, gemcitabine monotherapy is still one of the standard treatments for pancreatic cancer for patients who can’t tolerate the toxicity of other chemotherapeutic regimens. The effectiveness of standard chemotherapeutic drugs is limited in pancreatic cancer due to drug resistance, and undesirable side effects. There is a likelihood that the combination of standard chemotherapy with natural compounds having anti-cancer potential like curcumin will increase the effectiveness of treatment as well as reduce the toxic side effects of standard chemotherapeutic agents. Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and is considered a promising anticancer agent. Here, a review is presented about the potential use of curcumin with standard chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer as there is a potential in different combination regimens of curcumin in pancreatic cancer to increase median survival in pancreatic cancer in comparatively less toxic, novel ways. Also, curcumin combination chemotherapy may lead to the improvement of cancer and chemotherapy-related symptoms. The poor bioavailability of curcumin has been the major obstacle for its clinical application. To overcome this problem, several curcumin preparations have been developed including cost-effective preparation methods to increase the bioavailability of curcumin. Different studies have shown that gemcitabine curcumin combination regimen can effectively increase survival with less toxicity in patients who are resistant to gemcitabine and can’t even tolerate the toxicity of other chemotherapeutic combination regimens. Although clinical trials are needed, Paclitaxel and curcumin cobound albumin nanoparticles also have the potential to become another alternative chemotherapeutic regimen for pancreatic cancer. For those patients who can tolerate gemcitabine paclitaxel regimen toxicity, there can also be a future possibility of using paclitaxel and curcumin cobound albumin nanoparticles with gemcitabine and this triple therapy may have enhanced therapeutic effects with comparatively less toxic effects. Curcumin has shown its effectiveness with the constituents of FOLFIRINOX in other types of cancers, therefore there is a need for curcumin FOLFIRINOX combined clinical trials in pancreatic cancer as curcumin has the potential to increase the effectiveness of FOLFIRINOX as well as reduce its toxic side effects.
Category: Biochemistry

3-D Simulation of Coronavirus Spike Proteins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Computational chemist Mahmoud Moradi will develop enhanced, 3-D simulations of the molecular dynamics of coronavirus spike glycoproteins to gain better understanding of how the virus binds to human cells. [41] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. [40] When diseases reinforce each other, they rapidly accelerate through the population, then fizzle out as they run out of new hosts. [39] It's no coincidence that some of the worst viral disease outbreaks in recent years-SARS, MERS, Ebola, Marburg and likely the newly arrived 2019-nCoV virus-originated in bats. [38] An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Colorado State University has used computational chemistry, biochemistry and virology to uncover new information on how viruses such as West Nile, dengue and Zika replicate. [37] David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington will speak about how algorithmic processes such as de novo design predict protein structures, protein folding mechanisms, and new protein functions. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Biochemistry

Susd1: a Candidate Gene for Covid-19 Severity

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 6 Pages.

We hypothesize that the increased expression of the SUSD1 host gene caused by Coronavirus infection may contribute to the lower respiratory tract cytokine storm that makes severe acute respiratory syndrome a life-threatening disease.
Category: Biochemistry

Papaya Leaves Extract; a Possible Weapon Against Covid-19?

Authors: MS. Shukor, MY. Shukor
Comments: 9 Pages.

COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is now a pandemic affecting humans at a global scale. Researchers are still trying to find a cure and the vaccine to fight this disease. Drug-based cure and vaccine are overwhelmingly virus-specific and newer drugs and vaccines are needed to resist new novel viral infections. The use of herbal remedies and plant-based extract to fight viral infections is an ongoing work which has accelerated to a fast pace due to the severity of the current pandemic. Several approaches have been carried out including the use of Chinese herbal medicines and plant extracts which shows strong potential inhibitors to several viruses including coronaviruses. Papaya leaves extract has been intensively studied for its antiviral, immunomodulatory and cytokine storm alleviating properties in dengue afflicted patients and these properties, especially the last two holds promise for its possible weapon to fight COVID-19. This work attempts to put up a case for papaya leaves extract as a possible weapon to fight COVID-19.
Category: Biochemistry

Spanish Flu and Covid-19

Authors: H. Dhaliwal
Comments: 1 Page.

There are several published accounts of 100+ year old patients that have recovered from COVID-19. These 100+ year old COVID-19 infected and recovered patients were infants during the 1918 Spanish flu and may have been exposed to the virus. It may be possible that they have developed antibodies to the Spanish Flu which may be effective against COVID-19 or have had an immune response that was able to survive COVID-19. A vaccine or antibodies targeting the Spanish Flu, or any viruses similar to the Spanish Flu such as Swine Flu or H1N1 may be a potential treatment or preventative treatment for COVID-19. Further research is required.
Category: Biochemistry

Project Genomed

Authors: Neel Adwani, Salomé Urien, Vijay B., Jullianne B., Veronica Donato
Comments: 15 Pages.

The genetic conditions are affecting 1 American over 10, and a total of 350 million people around the world. 80% of those are caused by faulty genes. First we plan to track each person genetic path by using big data. When the newborn will be declared, a sample of blood will be preleved to analyse his DNA and all the informations about his genome will be transferred to a global network. An informatic program will identify where anomalies are on the molecule and create an algorithm to signalize where a modification need to occur and which one. With the algorithm the nanotubes will identify the exact place and fix the nitrogenous base to form the right nucleotide when the DNA is duplicating.
Category: Biochemistry

Three Options Against Sars-Cov-2: Pediatric Sera, Mithridatization, Dewetting Antibodies

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 8 Pages.

Here we suggest three feasible options that could be useful in COVID-19 medical management.
Category: Biochemistry

A Review of Major Role of Vitamin D3 in Human Immune System and Its Possible Use for Novel Corona Virus Treatment

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 13 Pages. This paper has not been submitted to a journal. Comments are welcome

Considering growing concerns of the world’s authorities on the spreading of novel corona virus (Covid-19), in this paper we review the evidences showing major role of Vitamin D3 in human immune system and its potential use for novel corona virus treatment. Our argument is based on research finding that corona virus has viral envelope glycoproteins. In this regard, Vitamin D3 proves to offer various beneficial effects, including immunomodulatory effect, in order to break the glycoproteins envelope of the virus. One of the greatest benefit of vitamin D3 is the fact that it is easy to get 10,000-20,000 IU of daily intake requirement, by sunbathing for more or less twenty minutes. Such a method is likely applicable in many tropical countries. Therefore, we submit a view which can be rephrased as follows: “Twenty minutes sunbathing a day may likely keep Covid-19 away.”
Category: Biochemistry

A Homological Comparison of the COVID‐19 Genome with Influenza Strains from the Last 20 Years

Authors: Michael Harney, Jonathan Harney
Comments: 12 Pages.

A comparative genomic analysis of the recent 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) virus with the known influenza strains of the last 20 years is performed using the current sequence information of 2019-nCoV and the influenza sequences provided by NCBI and FluDB. The analysis uses a ML model selection and shows the most common homology between 2019-nCoV and the influenza-A strain (A/Texas/50/2012(H3N2)) with a pairwise distance of 2.207, with the next two strains that have the most similar homology as A/Fujian/411/2002(H3N2) and A/California/7/2009(H1N1) with a pairwise distance of 2.223 and 2.243 respectively. The analysis of these genetic similarities may allow for the investigation and use of a current treatments or vaccines for 2019-nCoV based on the similarities to these previous strains, although the specific domain analysis of how the anti-viral features work would have to be evaluated. These older treatments may be partially effective while the new trials are ongoing for 2019-nCoV.
Category: Biochemistry

Serum Tumor Markers as Screening Tools in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Authors: Shazia Tahira
Comments: 9 Pages.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is not the most frequent cancer, but it is one of the deadliest cancers. The 5-year survival rate is 9% only. It is usually diagnosed at a later stage when surgical resection is not possible and metastases have already spread to other parts of the body. Developing early screening tools can help in diagnosing pancreatic cancer at initial and earlier stages when surgical resection is still a possibility leading to more years of survival and a potential cure. Different studies show the importance of identification of pancreatic carcinoma before large growth in tumor size. Recurrence after surgery is late if serum tumor marker level is comparatively less, tumor size is small and it is localized with no lymph node or vascular invasion and so according to different studies, early detection of tumor lead to more median survival time. There are many pancreatic carcinoma serum tumor markers, but most of them do not improve upon CA19-9 which is considered a gold standard pancreatic carcinoma serum marker although CA 19-9 also does not have perfect sensitivity and specificity. Because of less than 100% sensitivity and specificity, screening tests, using serum markers are mostly not recommended for the general population, although they are recommended for high-risk populations. Here we present a brief review about Ca 19-9 and some other pancreatic adenocarcinoma serum tumor markers including THBS2, MIC-1, sTRA, CEACAM1, CA 494, Span-1 and PAM4 which show some improvement over CA19-9. CA 19-9 is considered the standard pancreatic adenocarcinoma serum tumor marker but there are other pancreatic adenocarcinoma serum tumor markers with comparatively better sensitivity and specificity. THBS2 has comparatively less sensitivity but better specificity compared to CA 19-9. PAM4 has comparatively less or equal sensitivity but better specificity compared to CA 19-9. CEACAM1 and CA 494 have comparatively better sensitivity and specificity compared to CA 19-9. Span-1 has comparatively better sensitivity but less or equal specificity compared to CA19-9. MIC-1 has comparatively better sensitivity but less specificity compared to CA 19-9. sTRA has comparatively better sensitivity and equal specificity, also it is secreted by pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells which are different from those which secrete CA19-9. There is a possibility that a combination of these serum markers in screening tests may yield more sensitive and specific results that can be used for screening high risk as well as the general population.
Category: Biochemistry

Potent NRF2-Activating Dietary Supplements (Like Resveratrol, Curcumin, Sulforaphane, “Asea Redox Supplement” [ars]) Should be Clinically Tested as Adjuvants in All Types of Medium and Severe Cases of Aggressive Respiratory Viral Infections

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: Preprint File available (NADS in COVID-19 - short communication - version 1.0 - 1.5 A4 pages when excluding references - 29.02.2020)

This very short medical communication proposes that potent NRF2-activating dietary supplements (like resveratrol, sulforaphane, curcumin, “Asea redox supplement” [ARS] etc.) should be clinically tested as safe adjuvants (in various combinations) in all types of medium and severe cases of aggressive respiratory viral infections (including Influenza A/B/C, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, measles, avian influenza etc., including those patients which have important comorbidities like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis [TB] etc.) based on their extrapolated cytoprotective antioxidant effects (especially on the main vital organs: brain, heart, lungs, kidneys and liver), including the extrapolated strong cytoprotection offered by ARS on the cardiac muscle of DMD patients (which can be extrapolated to the lungs), like the author of this paper has demonstrated in past papers.
Category: Biochemistry

The Vomeronasal Organ Functions in Entropy Dissipation, the Communication by Pheromones for a Feedback by the Pituitary Over Brain Plasticity and the Development of the Unconscious

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 15 Pages.

A model of human brain evolution should take in account the constitutive separation of two integrated parameters: the one for neuronal synapsis and circuits, from that by a multiple wrapped-around astrocytes and their exchanges. The main function of glial cells is the absorption of the generated, thermal-like brokening of H-bonds, from polymerized water provides the activation energy, coupled for the turnover of structural changes, between hydrophobic and hydrophilic enzyme forms. Thus, increasing rotational and vibrational kinetic activity, on the separated individual molecules, but maintaining a liquid coherence, during circulation within astrocytes until the lower pressure at the vomeronasal organ (VNO) allows phase conversion to vapor, equivalent to entropy dissipation. The summation of the energy generated by metabolites and H-bond consumption allows the brain thermodynamics to support ratios between metabolite concentrations and the electrogenic action potential in dissipative states, within an open system. Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) from an evolutive disaggregation of the olfactory bulb, but still present as an olfactory epithelium, adapted for sex pheromones and behavioral responses stimulus on adenylate cyclase for cAMP-dependent unzipping of the cffDNA fragments. This allows into transcription sites for RNA messenger expression, as a psychosomatic molecular carrier of emotional and communication needs of a newborn. Thus, through the VNO communication with the brain acts a hypothalamic feedback of hormones (NA, cortisol, dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin, etc.), as a restriction on the randomness of brain evolution. This functions to form an unconscious level, which diversifies individual emotional characteristics, approaching a level of animic personalities, which when age allows a conscious level, could offer a differentiable response to the social influences.
Category: Biochemistry

Dewetting Antibodies Against Viroporins Might Contribute to Decrease 2019-Ncov Infection Spread

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 8 Pages.

Dewetting transition is transient phenomenon taking place inside the hydrophobic pores of ion channels that forbids water molecules to cross microscopic receptor cavities and leads to impairment of cellular performance. It has been recently suggested that artificially-provoked dewetting transition in ion channel hydrophobic pores might stand for a molecular candidate to erase viruses, bacteria and cancer cells, and to block autoimmune activities. A novel type of high-affinity monoclonal antibody has been suggested, that is equipped with lipophilic and/or hydrophobic fragments that prevent physiological water flow inside ion channels and targets specific trans-membrane receptor structures of influenza viruses. Here we suggest that these dewetting monoclonal antibodies targeting the 2019-nCoV viroporin channels, sprayed in the nasal cavities, might lead to virion impairment, thus preventing inter-human viral transmission.
Category: Biochemistry

Challenging Giants. Hartree-Fock Methods Analysis Protonated Rhodochrosite Crystal and Potential in the Elimination of Cancer Cells Through Synchrotron Radiation

Authors: Ricardo Gobato, Marcia Regina Risso Gobato, Alireza Heidari, Abhijit Mitra
Comments: 6 Pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2020.25.004154

The rhodochrosite (MnCO3) shows complete solid solution with siderite (FeCO3), and it may contain substantial amounts of Zn, Mg, Co, and Ca. There is no precedent in the literature on the treatment of tumor tissues by liminating these affected tissues, using rhodocrosite crystals in tissue absorption and eliminating cancerous tissues by synchrotron radiation. The studies that are found are the research papers of this team. Through an unrestricted HartreeFock (UHF) computational simulation, Compact effective potentials (CEP), the infrared spectrum of the protonated rhodochrosite crystal, CH19Mn6O8, and the load distribution by the unit molecule by two widely used methods, Atomic Polar Tensor (APT) and Mulliken, were studied. The rhodochrosite crystal unit cell of structure CMn6O8, where the load distribution by the molecule was verified in the UHF CEP-4G (Effective core potential (ECP) minimal basis), UHF CEP-31G (ECP split valance) and UHF CEP-121G (ECP triple-split basis). The largest load variation in the APT and Mulliken methods were obtained in the CEP-121G basis set, with δ = 2.922 e δ = 2.650 u. a., respectively, being δAPT > δMulliken. The maximum absorbance peaks in the CEP-4G, CEP-31G and CEP-121G basis set are present at the frequencies 2172.23 cm-1 , with a normalized intensity of 0.65; 2231.4 cm-1 and 0.454; and 2177.24 cm-1 and 1.0, respectively. An in-depth study is necessary to verify the absorption by the tumoral and non-tumoral tissues of rhodochrosite, before and after irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Small–Angle X–Ray Scattering (SAXS), Ultra–Small Angle X–Ray Scattering (USAXS), Fluctuation X–Ray Scattering (FXS), Wide–Angle X–Ray Scattering (WAXS), Grazing–Incidence Small–Angle X–Ray Scattering (GISAXS), Grazing–Incidence Wide–Angle X–Ray Scattering (GIWAXS), Small–Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), Grazing–Incidence Small–Angle Neutron Scattering (GISANS), X–Ray Diffraction (XRD), Powder X–Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Wide–Angle X–Ray Diffraction (WAXD), Grazing– Incidence X–Ray Diffraction (GIXD) and Energy–Dispersive X–Ray Diffraction (EDXRD). Later studies could check the advantages and disadvantages of rhodochrosite in the treatment of cancer through synchrotron radiation, such as one oscillator crystal. Studying them sites of rhodocrosite action may lead to a better understanding of its absorption by healthy and/or tumor tissues, thus leading to a better application of synchrotron radiation to the tumors to eliminate them.
Category: Biochemistry

The Origin of Life, Cybernetic Theory of Evolution and Oxygen Catastrophe.

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich.
Comments: 56 Pages.

The process of the origin of life is analyzed on the basis of "self-assembly" of DNA and RNA molecules. The minimum amounts of various DNA/RNA molecules that are necessary for the nucleation and evolution of the biosphere as a whole are calculated, since life is an integral property. A cybernetic theory of evolution is presented, which considers DNA as a genetic program of an organism written in a binary system. The stages of evolution of the biosphere are given, with the calculation of the number of all species at each stage. It is shown that oxygen catastrophe is the main cause of the evolution of the biosphere and global glaciation. Moreover, the evolution of the biosphere inevitably leads to mass extinctions, which are a simple restructuring of the biosphere according to new conditions on the planet.
Category: Biochemistry

(Schemasuplimptfumatori Version 1.0 9.12.2019 1 a4 Page) Schema DE Suplimente Alimentare Pentru Sustinerea Corpului Fumatorilor Adulti si Copii cu Varsta DE Peste 12 Ani Care nu au Vointa Necesara sa Renunte la Fumatul Activ (Romanian Version Prepri

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 1 Page. http://dragoii.com/ALDragoi_SCHEMA_SUPLIMENTE_PT_FUMATORI_latest.pdf

Dedicatie. Cu multumiri pentru provocarea si motivarea de a scrie acest articol doamnei asistente Monica Tichie din Sectia de recuperare neuromotorie copii din Gura Ocnitei (Adanca) a Spitalului Judetean de Urgenta Targoviste (SJUT). Motto: "NU-ti poti iubi aproapele ca pe tine insuti daca NU stii sa te iubesti in primul rand pe sine: ca sa demonstrezi iubirea de sine, trebuie sa stii sa iti pretuiesti sufletul, mintea si trupul, hranind si protejand corespunzator celulele trupului care este palatul sufletului si al mintii!" (dr. Andrei-Lucian Drăgoi, 5.12.2019)
Category: Biochemistry

The Effect of Thymus Vulgaris Extract on the Rate of Calcium Oxalate Inhibition

Authors: Yasmin Bahaa Ahmed, Noura Moustafa Maklad
Comments: 10 Pages.

We all hear about kidney stones but, actually what are kidney stones? Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. On 11 September, the Chinese central government and Ministry of Health informed that several thousands of Chinese had been diagnosed with kidney stones. About 54 000 citizens have been examined, 13 000 of them are in hospitals and four deaths have been reported so far. kidney stones are formed due to dehydration, changes in the diet, hormonal changes, and infections in kidney. They present with renal pain, blood in urine, pus in urine, and fever. If the concentration of the kidney stones increased, it leads to affecting the function of the kidney and other parts of the human body. If the concentration of the kidney stones increased, it leads to affecting the function of the kidney and other parts of the human body and sometimes leads to death. As the kidney stones are a real and series problem, several treatments were developed and found. As examples for these treatments: medication, lithotripsy, tunnel surgery, ureteroscopy and more. They all have common disadvantages as high cost, unsafety and feeling lot of pain. We made a solution that is an depends on an extraction from natural plant which is thymus vulgaris that is used to fragment the kidney stones. That is an efficient, safe and economical solution.
Category: Biochemistry

Comparative Differential Leucocyte Count and Morphometrical Analyses of Black Rats Rattus Rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) and White Rats Rattus Norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)

Authors: Aryadhara Das, Prafulla Kumar Mohanty
Comments: 6 Pages.

This paper aims at a systematic approach to morphologically characterize of five types of white blood cells (WBC), and its nuclei from light microscopic image of blood samples. Hence, cellular and nuclei based geometric features are computed and analyzed statistically with t-test to show their discriminating potentiality among the species. In morphometry study, the length and breadth along with nucleus of leukocytes are compared between and within the species using oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s pairwise comparison tests. In this study, the estimated values of Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus with respect to sex were compared. A total of 20 black and white rats (05 each from males and females) were collected. Blood samples were then collected from the caudal vein of anaesthetized rats. In differential leucocyte count, the parameters namely, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil (p < 0.001) and eosinophil and basophil (p < 0.05) reveal significant difference. In morphometrical study, the cell length, breadth along with nucleus of lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil (p < 0.01) and eosinophil, basophil (p < 0.05) deviates significantly between and within the species.
Category: Biochemistry

Comparative Cytomorphometry of Red Blood Cells of Some Fishes

Authors: Gayatri Acharya, Prafulla Kumar Mohanty
Comments: 10 Pages.

This study aims to compare the size of the red blood cells of different freshwater fishes to gain knowledge of their activity. In this study, 11 different freshwater fishes of four different order like Siluriformes, Cypriniformes, Perciformes, and Osteoglossiformes were selected. For analyses of cytomorphometry of blood cells, blood was collected from caudal vein, and blood smear was prepared at the site of collection. In order to obtain size of different blood cell types, 30 cells of each cell type for each fish were photographed and dimensions of cell-like length and breadth were measured using Microscope Eyepiece Digital Camera (CatCam130 – 1.3 Mega Pixel (MP), Code No. CC130, Catalyst Biotech, Maharashtra, India, attached to Hund Wetzlar Microscope GmbH, Wetzlar-Nauborn, Germany) and computer. This study confirms the cytomorphometry of red blood cells differ significantly at p< 0.001 concerning sex and species. The study will help in diagnosis which in turn will accelerate production of fishes.
Category: Biochemistry

Investigating Genotoxicity of Eleusine Indica by Micronuclei Assay in Albino Rats

Authors: Hannah Edim Etta, Ekei Victor Ikpeme, Effiom, Helen Offiong
Comments: 8 Pages.

Genotoxicity of Eleusine indica (Nkim enang: Efik) was investigated in the Wister strain albino rat (Rattus novergicus). Nine (9) male and nine (9) female rats were randomly assigned to three (3) groups, of which two were exposed to the aqueous extract of E.indica – Group A (control-no extract)), Group B (50 mg/kg BW of E. indica) and Group C (100 mg/kg BW of E. indica). This was administered to the rats by oral gavage for 14 days after which the peripheral blood from the tail tips were collected and assayed for the presence of micronuclei, following standard procedures. Proximate analysis and phytochemical screening of the herb extract was carried out. Results obtained showed that E. indica did not cause any significant (P > 0.05) increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in rat peripheral blood at any of the doses administered. The polychromatic: normochromatic erythrocyte (PCE: NCE) ratio was found to be in the range of 0.50 ± 0.11 to 0.55 ± 0.02. Also, the aqueous herb extract is rich in Carbohydrates (76.17%) and Tannins (21.76%). Mean body weights (MBW) of rats showed normal distribution throughout the duration of the investigation. The results of this study demonstrate that E. indica does not confer any genotoxicity in mammals. Further in-depth study on its efficacy is recommended.
Category: Biochemistry

Analysis of Certain Biochemical Indices on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats Administered with Protein Isolated and Purified from Vernonia Amygdalina

Authors: Ihimire I.G., Kayode E.A., Osagie V.E.
Comments: 8 Pages.

This study investigated the effect of protein isolate from leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina in diabetic rats. Thirty (30) adults male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups of five (5) each based on their body weight. Diabetes was induced with administration of alloxan, 150 mg/kg body weight (i.p). Group A served as the control and received 1 mL/kg body weight of 5% ethanol being solvent used, Group B received 1 mL alloxan containing 150 mg/kg only. Group C, D, E and F were respectively alloxanized but treated with 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% of protein isolate obtained from V. amygdalina leaves for 14 days. On the 15th day, the animals were humanely sacrificed and their liver homogenates were prepared. Standard biochemical procedures were adopted for determination of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glucose levels. Data were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post-hoc test using Graph Pad, version 6 software. Results showed that CAT activity in alloxan-induced untreated rats (1.17 μmole H2O2) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than observed in control rats (2.10 mole H2O2). Treatment with the respective doses recorded comparable values to those observed in control rats. Similar observation was seen with SOD data. Rats treated with 7% protein isolate recorded the most significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum glucose level. The study suggests that the protein isolate possesses anti-diabetic and hypoglycaemic effects on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Category: Biochemistry

Autophagic Processes of Normal and Malignant Metabolic Pathways

Authors: Aurelian Udristioiu, Manole Cojocaru
Comments: 13 Pages.

Autophagy is a cellular process that maintains the homeostasis of the normal cell, but autophagic dysfunction is associated with human diseases, such as cancer. In normal cells, the initial signal to form auto-phagosomes is by the class III phosphatidyl-inositol (PI) 3 kinase complex consisting of sequence genes, Beclin1/Atg6 and class III PI3K (Vps34). This process is negatively regulated by binding of Bcl-2 family members such as Bcl-xL to Beclin1 preventing Beclin1 binding to the PI3K-III complex and thereby reducing autophagy. In cancer, the autophagy can be neutral, tumor-suppressive, or tumor-promoting in different contexts. Genomic analysis of human cancers indicates that the loss or mutation of core autophagy Atg genes, whereas oncogenic events that activate autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis have been identified in malignant diseases. Optimal combination of inductors or inhibitors of autophagy with chemo or radiotherapy in a variety of tumor type, in different phases, can be successful approaches for improve the effect of anticancer therapies.
Category: Biochemistry

The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Morinda Lucida on Haematological Parameters and Intestinal Atpases, Lactase Activity and Histopathology Studies in Lactose Induced Diarrhea in Wistar Rats

Authors: Ugbeni C.O., Idiakheua D.O.
Comments: 8 Pages.

Diarrhea remains a major health burden in developing society till date. Efforts aimed at ameliorating this condition is very imminent. In this study, the antidiarrheal effect of aqueous extracts (dried and fresh forms) of M. lucida leaves was evaluated in Wistar rats. 25% lactose enriched diet was used to induce diarrhea. 25 Wistar rats of an average weight of 150g were divided equally into five groups labeled A-E. The diet was admonished for 72 h to rats in groups B-E. Fresh aqueous extract of M. lucida, dried aqueous extract of M. lucida and loperamide were then administered to groups C-E respectively for the next seven days. The animals were then sacrificed and blood collected for lactase, intestinal ATPases, and some haematological parameters were assayed using standard laboratory procedures. Histopathological examination of the small intestine was also examined. Our results showed a significant increase in the intestinal lactase activity of diarrheic rats. However, the dried extract was able to restore parity with the control. We observed a significant increase in the activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase while a decrease in the activity of Ca2+ATPase in lactose induced diarrheic rats when compared with the control. The extracts of M. lucida further increased significantly the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase when compared with the control and the untreated group. However, no significant effect of the extracts on Ca2+ATPase was observed. On haematological parameters, we observed increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin. Treatment with fresh extract and loperamide was able to reverse this increase. Furthermore results of the differential white blood cell count revealed higher lymphocyte count in the group given dried extract of M. lucida. The extracts were able to ameliorate the aberrations observed in the architecture of the intestinal lumen.
Category: Biochemistry

Salt Stress Induced Effects on Biochemical Parameters in Etiolated Maize Leaf Segments During Greening

Authors: Meeta Jain, Jayesh Vaishnav
Comments: 10 Pages.

Treatment of etiolated maize leaf segments with 0-300 mM NaCl during greening decreased the osmotic potential of leaf sap significantly. Na+ content of the leaf tissue increased significantly on supplying different concentrations of salt. Relative water content of the leaf tissue was marginally affected by the supply of NaCl. Total protein and RNA content of the maize leaf segments gradually increased when treated with lower concentrations of NaCl and subsequently decreased at higher concentrations. Decrease in DNA content was noted with increasing salt treatment in a concentration dependent manner. SDS-PAGE analysis of salt treated maize leaf tissue revealed appearance of one protein band (approx. 73 kD) in samples incubated with ≥50 mM NaCl compared to control. Protein identification performed with the Mascot search engine in NCBI database indicated extensive homology of this protein with chloroplast heat shock protein 70 of Cenchrus americanus (Protein score: 295), hypothetical proteins SELMODRAFT_267815 of Selaginella moellendorffii (Protein score: 125), VITISV_000728 of Vitis vinifera (Protein score: 118) and SELMODRAFT_230659 of Selaginella moellendorffii (Protein score: 51). The results revealed that the dark grown maize leaf segments exhibit high degree of stress due to NaCl treatment, which affects the biochemical parameters governing the metabolic activities of the leaf tissue. Further, the stress induced proteins are being synthesized in leaf tissue in response to salt stress.
Category: Biochemistry

Correlating 13C Isotope in Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins with Their Anticancer Properties

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 41 Pages.

Upon considering the anticancer effects of larger oligomeric proanthocyanidins and observing various papers reporting the high resolution mass spectroscopy of the oligomeric proanthocyanidins, it is determined that the unusual 13C enrichment in some plant oligomeric proanthocyanidins may be responsible for the anticancer activities of these food products. Such correlation of the 13C in the oligomeric proanthocyanidins also correlate with their scavenging of free-radicals, anti-virial and anti-bacterial properties. Such 13C interactions from oligomeric proanthocyanidins with nucleic acids and proteins involved in replications, transcriptions and translations in cancer cells for interacting and chemically altering with anabolism and cell division of the cancer cells are consistent with the author’s mechanism for normal cell to cancer cell transformations via possible replacements of primordial 1H, 12C, 14N, 16O, and 24Mg isotopes by nonprimordial 2D, 13C, 15N, and 17O and 25Mg isotopes in the proteins and nucleic acids. Such is also consistent with the proposed treatment for cancer by the author by use of foods containing proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and/or drug molecules enriched with the nonprimordial isotopes of 2D, 13C, 15N, and 17O and 25Mg.
Category: Biochemistry

(Ataluren in DMD Version 1.0 23.11.2019 5 a4 Pages) a Proposed Extension of Ataluren Indications in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) Caused by Frameshift Mutations Associated with Abnormal Premature Termination Codons (PTCs)

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 5 Pages. http://dragoii.com/ALDragoi_A_possible_extension_of_Ataluren_indications_latest.pdf

This paper proposes an extension of Ataluren indications (with future deserved studies) in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) caused by frameshift mutations of dystrophin (dys) gene (dys-gene; aka “DMD gene”) associated with abnormal premature stop codons at distance from the site of that given frameshift mutation (which mutation may affect the dys-gene starting from exons with high index more close to 79 than to 1): some strong arguments are presented in favor of this new extension proposal; a redefinition of nonsense mutation in both stricto sensu and lato sensu are also presented (emphasizing that frameshift mutations [FSMs] and nonsense mutations [NSMs] [in lato sensu] may come in association).
Category: Biochemistry

Pancreatic Cancer: a Split Tipe Therapy Idea

Authors: Edgars Alksnis
Comments: 7 Pages.

Due to number of biochemical, physiological and anatomical reasons pancreatic cancer remain fast type killer. Solution could come from holistic biology. I propose idea of separate therapies for 1. metastasis, 2. patient and 3. tumor itself.
Category: Biochemistry

Perspectives on the Elimination of Cancer Cells Using Rhodochrosite Crystal Through Synchrotron Radiation, and Absorption the Tumoral and NonTumoral Tissues

Authors: Ricardo Gobato, Ibtihal Kadhim Kareem Dosh, Alireza Heidari, Abhijit Mitra, Marcia Regina Risso Gobato
Comments: 2 Pages. Ricardo Gobato, Ibtihal Kadhim Kareem Dosh, Alireza Heidari, Abhijit Mitra and Marcia Regina Risso Gobato. Perspectives on the Elimination of Cancer Cells Using Rhodochrosite Crystal Through Synchrotron Radiation, and Absorption the Tumoral ...

The rhodochrosite as crystal oscillator for being an alternative to those of quartz. The rhodochrosite (MnCO3) shows completesolid solution with siderite (FeCO3), and it may contain substantial amounts of Zn, Mg, Co, and Ca. There is no precedent in theliterature on the treatment of tumor tissues by eliminating these affected tissues, using rhodocrosite crystals in tissue absorption and eliminating cancerous tissues by synchrotron radiation. The infrared rhodochrosite spectrum of the vibration absorbance frequencies was obtained to verify that these frequencies should be used in synchrotron radiation, which can destroy cancerous cells by absorbing such crystals. Hartree-Fock methods also analyzed APT and Mulliken charges, verifying the main binding sites of Manganese, Oxygen and Carbon atoms in cancerous tumors. Later studies could check the advantages and disadvantages of rhodochrosite in the treatment of cancer through synchrotron radiation, such as one oscillator crystal. An in-depth study is necessary to verify the absorption by the tumoral and non-tumoral tissues of rhodochrosite, before and after irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Small–Angle X–Ray Scattering (SAXS), Ultra–Small Angle X–Ray Scattering (USAXS), Fluctuation X–Ray Scattering (FXS), Wide–Angle X–Ray Scattering (WAXS), Grazing–Incidence Small–Angle X–Ray Scattering (GISAXS), Grazing–Incidence Wide–Angle X–Ray Scattering (GIWAXS), Small–Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), Grazing–Incidence Small–Angle Neutron Scattering (GISANS), X–Ray Diffraction (XRD), Powder X–Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Wide–Angle X–Ray Diffraction (WAXD), Grazing– Incidence X–Ray Diffraction (GIXD) and Energy–Dispersive X–Ray Diffraction (EDXRD.
Category: Biochemistry

Human Gene Jak2 is a Promising Model for Studying Regulation of Genes Expression by a Mechanism of Wave Collapse on the DNA

Authors: Denis Semyonov
Comments: 3 Pages.

In human gene JAK2 the fragment with regulatory structure GTATGTGT is repeated more than 10 times. The mutation V617F (G→T) in this site belonging to an 14 exon, is associated with so called myeloproliferative diseases. E.g., if the mutation leads to violation of the purine-pyrimidine alternation, the respective site loses the ability of the rearrangement and becomes non-regulatory. Thus, contribution of the mutation to oncogenesis can relate to a disturbance of the mechanism of regulation of the gene expression.
Category: Biochemistry

(Asea in DMD 2nd Case Preprint V.1.0 30.08.2019 10 Pages) a Second Case Report Regarding the Effects of "ASEA Redox Supplement" in a ~5-Year Old Boy with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy from Bucharest, Romania (Preprint)

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 10 Pages. The latest version of this preprint is available at this URL: http://dragoii.com/ALDragoi_ASEA_in_DMD_2nd_case_latest.pdf

This paper argues that “ASEA redox Supplement” (ARS) may show comparable or even stronger beneficial effects (with less or none adverse effects) than corticosteroids in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). This paper presents a second case report on the effects of an ionized “saline water” called “ASEA redox Supplement®” (ARS) oral solution in a ~5-year-old boy with DMD from Bucharest, Romania. In vitro studies showed that ARS is a very potent selective NRF2 activator, thus a very potent (indirect) antioxidant and cytoprotective: the studies conducted in vivo also support this main pharmacological mechanism of ARS, with no toxicity up to high doses, in contrast with the much more toxic corticosteroids. From the first months of ARS treatment the main rhabdomyolysis markers (with very high initial serum levels) dropped significantly, with no found toxicity until present. The main conclusions of this second case report (on ARS effect in boys with DMD) are: (1) ARS has remarkable antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects and should be studied on larger groups of children with DMD under the age of 4 years old (but also on other age groups of children and even young adults), as an alternative to early corticosteroids; (2) Given its immunomodulatory effect (NRF2 selective activation and NF-kB inhibition), ARS deserves future cohort studies on its potential to replace corticosteroids and other non-steroidal immunosuppressants (at least partially) in many types of pulmonary/renal/hepatic/ articular/skin autoimmune and even malignant diseases of both children and adults; (3) Given its very strong antioxidant effects (by highly selective NRF2 potent activation), ARS deserves future cohort studies on acute/chronic diseases that imply high levels of tissular oxidative stress, especially some acute/chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases like acute myocardial infarction with acute/chronic heart failure, stroke, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma etc. of both children and adults (so that ARS may help millions and even billions worldwide). The latest version of this preprint is available at this URL: http://dragoii.com/ALDragoi_ASEA_in_DMD_2nd_case_latest.pdf This preprint is also available on Academia.edu at this URL: https://www.academia.edu/40213866
Category: Biochemistry

Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Cefazolin Sodium

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Cefazolin sodium is a broad-spectrum first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic useful for the treatment of many bacterial infections. The aim of this research work was to estimate the impact of the Trivedi Effect® on the physicochemical and thermal properties of cefazolin using the modern analytical technique. Cefazolin sample was divided into control and treated parts. No Biofield Energy Treatment was provided to the control part of cefazolin; whereas, the treated part received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a distinguished Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton. The particle size values in the treated cefazolin were significantly increased by 11.44%(d10), 3.15%(d50), 2.35%(d90), and 2.42%{D(4,3)}; hence, the specific surface area was decreased by 4.54% compared to the control sample. The evaporation and decomposition temperature of the treated cefazolin was increased by 27.56% and 0.12%, respectively; however, the latent heat of evaporation and latent heat of decomposition was significantly altered by 1151.8% and -53.75%, respectively compared to the control cefazolin. The total weight loss was decreased by 6.57%, but the residue amount was significantly increased by 137.5% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The maximum thermal degradation temperature of the 1st and 2nd peak was significantly altered by 5.58% and -28.66% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might have introduced a new polymorphic form of cefazolin which may offer better powder flowability, smooth surface, and good thermal stability compared with the untreated sample. The treated cefazolin would be a more efficacious pharmaceutical formulation against cellulitis, urinary and respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, endocarditis, joint infection, genital infections, blood infections, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

The Effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on Physico-chemical and Thermal Properties of 6-Mercaptopurine

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 11 Pages.

6-Mercaptopurine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on physicochemical and thermal properties of 6-mercaptopurine using the modern analytical technique. The 6-mercaptopurine sample was divided into two parts, one part of mercaptopurine was considered as a control sample, while the other part was subjected to the Biofield Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and termed as a treated sample. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from -63.38% to 3.85% and -55.26% to 228.26%, respectively, whereas the average crystallite size was significantly increased by 8.16% in the treated mercaptopurine compared with the control sample. The particle size values were significantly decreased by 26.63% (d10), 24.43% (d50), 17.56% (d90), and 21.41% [D (4,3)] and the specific surface area was significantly increased by 38.57% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The latent heat of fusion was significantly increased by 49.97% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The total weight loss was decreased by 11.45%; whereas the residue amount was significantly increased by 160.07% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The results indicated that the Trivedi Effect® might lead to the generation of a new polymorphic form of mercaptopurine which would offer better solubility, absorption, and bioavailability compared with the control sample, which would be useful in designing novel pharmaceutical formulations for the better therapeutic responses against leukemia, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Effect of the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on Physicochemical Behaviour of Silver Sulfadiazine

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Silver sulfadiazine is a topical antibiotic used on burnt tissues to prevent infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of silver sulfadiazine using PXRD, PSA, DSC, and TGA/DTG analysis. Silver sulfadiazine sample was divided into two parts. One part was considered as a control sample, which did not receive the Biofield Energy Treatment. The second part received the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton, termed as the treated sample. The PXRD analysis exhibited that the peak intensities of the treated silver sulfadiazine were significantly decreased from 14.5% to 54.5% compared with the control sample. The crystallite sizes of the treated sample were significantly altered from -48.9% to 6.4% compared to the control sample. The average crystallite size of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was found to be decreased by 13.99% as compared to the control sample. The particle sizes of the treated silver sulfadiazine were decreased significantly by 6.64% at d10 followed by d50 (-1.37%), d90 (-0.55%) and D(4,3) (-2.44%) compared to the control sample. The specific surface area of treated silver sulfadiazine was increased profoundly 11.23% compared to the control sample. The total weight loss was increased by 10.73%; whereas, the residue amount was decreased by 16.49% in the treated silver sulfadiazine compared with the control sample. Thus, the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might lead to generate a new polymorphic form of silver sulfadiazine which would be more soluble, and bioavailable compared with the untreated sample. The Consciousness Energy Healing Treated silver sulfadiazine would be very useful to design more efficacious pharmaceutical formulations which might offer a better therapeutic response on the derma against bacteria and superficial and partial thickness burn injuries.
Category: Biochemistry

Assessment of the Effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Chromium (VI) Oxide

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Chromium TriOxide (CrO3) is an inorganic compound which has many industrial applications, but it is very hygroscopic, toxic and a powerful oxidizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Trivedi Effect® (Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment) on the physicochemical and thermal properties of CrO3 using modern analytical techniques. The CrO3 test sample was separated into two parts. One part of the test sample was called as a control sample (no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided), while the second part of chromium trioxide sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a well-known Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and termed as a treated sample. The powder XRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes of the treated CrO3 were significantly altered ranging from -63.06% to 357.95% and -41.82% to 420%, respectively; thus, the average crystallite size was significantly increased by 70.46% compared with the control sample. The particle size values of the treated CrO3 were significantly increased by 434.85% (d10), 17.61% (d50), and 19.72% {D(4,3)}, respectively; therefore, the specific surface area was significantly decreased by 80.56% compared with the control.The latent heat of fusion of the treated CrO3 was significantly increased by 33.18% compared with the control sample. The experimental results indicated that the Trivedi Effect® -Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might include a new polymorphic form of CrO3 which would show better powder flowability and lower solubility. It may lower the absorption, bioavailability and toxicity of CrO3 on inhalation, ingestion, chronic exposure, contact to skin and eye, and aggravation of pre-existing conditions. Along with the Biofield Energy Treated CrO3 would be veryuseful to the manufacturing industry.
Category: Biochemistry

Physicochemical and Thermal Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 6 Pages.

Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a biodegradable copolymer. It has many applications in the pharmaceuticals and biomedical industries, but its degradation and stability is a major concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the Trivedi Effect® on the physicochemical and thermal properties of PLGA using modern analytical techniques. The PLGA sample was divided into control and Biofield Energy Treated parts. The control sample did not obtain the Biofield Energy Treatment, whereas the treated PLGA was received the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton. The particle size values of the treated PLGA were increased by 8.97%(d10), 8.79%(d50), 4.72%(d90), and 6.61%{D(4,3)}; thus, the surface area of treated PLGA was significantly decreased by 6.84% compared with the control sample. The latent heat of evaporation and fusion of the treated PLGA were significantly increased by 29.60% and 230.93%, respectively compared with the control sample. The residue amount was significantly increased by 21.99% in the treated PLGA compared to the control sample. The maximum thermal degradation temperature of the treated PLGA was increased by 2.30% compared with the control sample. It was concluded that the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might have generated a new form of PLGA which may show better powder flowability, thermal stability, and minimise the hydrolysis of the ester linkages of PLGA.This improved quality of PLGA would be a better choice for the pharmaceutical formulations (i.e., the drug like simvastatin, amoxicillin, and minocycline loaded PLGA nanoparticles) and manufacturing of biomedical devices, i.e., grafts, sutures, implants, surgical sealant films, prosthetic devices, etc., in the industry using it as a raw material.
Category: Biochemistry

Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of the Biofield Energy Treated Metronidazole

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 8 Pages.

Metronidazole is an antibiotic and is useful for antibacterial and antiprotozoal medication. In this research work, the impact of the Trivedi Effect® (Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment) on the physicochemical properties of metronidazole was evaluated using the modern analytical technique. Metronidazole sample was divided into two parts, one part of metronidazole was considered as a control sample (no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided); however, the other part of metronidazole, was exposed to the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a well-known Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and termed as a treated sample. The peak intensities, as well as crystallite sizes of the treated metronidazole were significantly altered ranging from -97.25% to 463% and -83.18% to 123.79%, respectively; however, the average crystallite size was significantly decreased by 14.91% compared with the control sample. The particle size values in the treated metronidazole were significantly decreased by 14.69%(d10), 10.82%(d50), 19.14%(d90), and 16.88% {D (4,3)}; thus, the specific surface area was significantly increased by 24.7% compared to the control sample. The latent heat of fusion and latent heat of decomposition were decreased by 2.1% and 9.41%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The total weight loss was increased by 2.56%; however, the residue amount was significantly decreased by 83.86% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The maximum thermal degradation temperature was decreased by 3.53% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. Thus, the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might have generated a new polymorphic form of metronidazole which may offer better solubility, dissolution, and good bioavailability compared with the control sample. The Consciousness Energy Treated metronidazole would be very useful to design more efficacious pharmaceutical formulations for the better therapeutic response against bacterial and protozoal infection in the vagina, stomach, liver, skin, joints, brain, and respiratory tract, aspiration pneumonia, rosacea, fungating wounds, intra-abdominal infections, lung abscess, periodontitis, amoebiasis, oral infections, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Selenium

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient which is useful for various biological functions in the body, as well as prevention and treatment of selenium deficiency-related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and thermal properties of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatedselenium using the modern analytical technique. The test sample was divided into two parts viz. control and treated sample. The control sample did not receive Biofield Energy Treatment; whereas the treated sample received the Biofield Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from -21.59 to 412.20% and -6.90% to 40.68% respectively; however, the average crystallite size was significantly increased by 5.44% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The particle size values were altered by -4.54%(d10), 0.92%(d50), 1.18%( d90), and 0.66%{D(4,3)}, respectively, thus the specific surface area was increased by 2.48% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The melting point and latent heat of fusion of the treated selenium were increased by 0.27% and 5.94%, respectively compared with the control sample. The residue amount was increased by 3.83% in the treated selenium compared with the control sample. The maximum thermal degradation temperature of the treated sample was significantly increased by 14.94% compared with the control sample. The Biofield Energy Treatment might have generated a new polymorphic form of selenium which would be more efficacious against diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, viral diseases, male infertility, stress, aging, muscle disorders, neurological disorders, degenerative ailments, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Assessment of the Influence of Biofield Energy Treatment on the Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Lead Using PXRD, PSA, and DSC

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

The lead metal is used for different purposes, i.e. contraceptive, cosmetics, ornaments, glasses, glazes, enamels, writing material, currency, construction, lead-acid battery, etc. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Trivedi Effect® on the physicochemical and thermal properties of lead using PXRD, PSA, and DSC analysis. The lead sample was divided into control and treated parts. The control sample did not receive the Biofield Energy Treatment, whereas the treated sample received the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a famous Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from -60.54% to -37.5% and -17.86% to 177.74%, respectively; whereas the average crystallite size was significantly increased by 138.96% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The particle size values were significantly increased by 59.62% (d10), 118.05% (d50), 1976.76% (d90) and 1045.85% {D(4,3)}; thus, the specific surface area was significantly decreased by 51.15% in the Biofield Treated lead sample compared with the control sample. The latent heat of fusion was significantly increased by 15.53% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might have generated a new polymorphic form of lead which could have better powder flowability and more thermal stability compared with the untreated sample. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Treated lead might minimize the lead poisoning/toxicity of the people continuosly associated with the pipe, paint, food, mining, plastic, glass, chemical, and alloys manufacturing industry.
Category: Biochemistry

Particle Size, Surface Area, Crystallite Size, and Thermal Analysis of Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Selenium

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 6 Pages.

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, which has various physiological functions and also required for the prevention and treatment of Se deficiency diseases. The objective of the research work was to evaluate the effect of the Trivedi Effect® on the physicochemical and thermal properties of Se powder using PSA, PXRD, and DSC analytical technique. The Se powder sample was divided into two parts. One part of Se was called as a control sample (no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided), while the second part received the Biofield Energy Treatment remotely by a famous Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and termed as a treated sample. The particle size values of the treated Se powder were significantly decreased by 17.51%(d10), 13.26%(d50), 8.68%(d90), and 11.24%{D(4,3)}; therefore, the specific surface area was significantly increased by 17.68% compared to the control sample. The Powder XRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes of the treated Se were significantly altered ranging from -18.14% to 2.19% and -4.3% to 14.29% respectively; however, the average crystallite size was increased by 1.54% compared with the control sample. The latent heat of fusion of the treated Se was significantly increased by 10.33% compared with the control sample. All results concluded that a new polymorphic form of Se might have generated after the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment which may be better soluble, bioavailable, and thermally more stable compared with the control sample. The Trivedi Effect® Treated selenium would be more efficacious nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of cancer, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, viral diseases, stress, aging, muscle disorders, male infertility, neurological disorders, degenerative ailments, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Impact of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Telogen Skin of Hair Follicles of C57BL/6 Mice

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Development of hair follicle is undergoing cycles of three phases like anagen, catagen, and telogen. Adequate hair growth is essential for social interaction and outlook in human life. In this context, the present study was performed for the assessment of the impact of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect® ) Treatment on the test item (1:1 ratio mixture of herbal extracts of Phyllantus emblica and Eclipta alba) in C57BL/6 mice. The test item was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the untreated and test item without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated test item, which received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton. The study parameters like anagen induction and visual melanogenesis using skin biopsy technique were used in this experiment for the assessment of hair growth phages.The experimental results of the untreated and Biofield Energy Treated test item groups showed 50% and 60%, respectively of hair growth on dorsal clipped skin after topical application compared to the vehicle control group. Besides, the Biofield Energy Treated test item exhibited 60% melanogenesis after biopsy analysis in mice skin at the end of experiment compared with the vehicle control group. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Treatment has the potential for hair growth promotion as evident via increased hair growth and melanogenesis. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect® ) Treatment could be useful as a hair growth promoter for various treatment of skin injuries and skin-related disorders like necrotizing fasciitis, actinic keratosis, sebaceous cysts, diaper rash, decubitus ulcer, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Potential Estrogenic Effects of Biofield Energy Treatment Using Human Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Cell Line

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

The present study was aimed to investigate the potential role of Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) based DMEM medium on the level of alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) in Ishikawa cells. The test item (DMEM medium) was divided into two parts, one part received Biofield Energy Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and was categorized as the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group, while another part did not receive any sort of treatment and coded as the untreated DMEM group. The cell viability using MTT assay showed a significantly improved cell viability upto 98% in the test item group, which suggested a safe and nontoxic profile of the test item. Estrogenic potential using estimation of ALP level showed a significantly increased by 30.8% in the Biofield Energy Treated group as compared with the untreated DMEM group. The Biofield Energy Treated DMEM showed a significant role in the growth of Ishikawa cells along with an improved ALP level that can be utilized significantly in the promotion and maintenance of estrogen level. It is concluded that Biofield Energy Healing Treatment showed a significant improved ALP level, which can be used in different menstrual and estrogenic disorders like hypophosphatasia, osteoporosis, malnutrition, hypothyroidism, magnesium deficiency, heart surgery, chronic myelogenous leukemia, enteritis in children, pernicious anemia, bacterial infection and intrauterine infection is a leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, subfertility, infertility, endometritis, early pregnancy loss, fetal defects, and preterm birth.
Category: Biochemistry

The Implication of Biofield Energy Treated DMEM on Bone-Health Assessment Using Osteoblast Cells

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Nutrition plays a crucial role for healthy growth and development of the skeleton system. Study objective was to find the effect of Biofield Treatment ontest item (DMEM medium) for bone health activity in human bone osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) cells. After divided of the test item into two parts, one part was treated by Alice Branton’s Biofield Energy i.e., Biofield Treated DMEM and others part kept as such i.e., untreated DMEM, respectively. MTT assay showed cell viability was observed more than 74%, which signify with safe and non-toxic profile of the test item on MG-63 cells. Further, the bone health parameter, level of ALP was significantly (p≤0.001) increased by 40.58% in the Biofield Treated DMEM compared to untreated DMEM. In conclusion, the experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treatment have some effect on the growth and development of bone cells, and could be useful against certain bone-related disorders like osteomalacia, osteoma, fractures, rickets, osteoporosis, stress, and aging, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Evaluation of Hair Growth after Exposure with Biofield Energy Treated Williams Medium E Using Mouse Vibrissae Hair Follicle Organ Culture

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Hair plays a lucrative outlook on the human body and also contribute an exciting part in social and sexual communication. Loss of hair follicle would potentially lead to various skin disorders. For this consequence, the present study was investigated for the potential of the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test item (William’s Medium E) on the vibrissae hair follicle organ culture cells for the assessment of hair cell growth and development in vitro. The test item was divided into two parts. One part was defined as the untreated, where no Biofield Energy Treatment provided, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated test item, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer Alice Branton. The study parameters like bulb thickness and formation of telogen were assessed using cell-based assay with the help of UTHSCSA Image tool version 3. The experimental results showed that the untreated test item group showed 20% and 26.67% increased bulb thickness on day 5 and 7, respectively compared to day 1. Besides, the percent telogen follicle was found as 86%, 86%, and 100% on day 3, 5, and 7, respectively of the Biofield Energy Treated test item group. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Treatment has the potential for hair growth promotion as evident via an increased formation of telogen. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment might be useful as a hair growth promoter for various treatment of skin injuries and skin-related disorders like necrotizing fasciitis, actinic keratosis, sebaceous cysts, diaper rash, decubitus ulcer etc.
Category: Biochemistry

In Vitro Effect of Biofield Energy Treated DMEM On Mitochondrial Biogenesis Using Myoblasts Cell Line, C2C12

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Mitochondria, a signaling organelles are responsible for energy metabolism within the cell, while its dysfunction in any form could results in the cell death due to an increased oxidative stress and that leads to various metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based DMEM medium on murine myoblasts (C2C12) cells to evaluate the mitochondrial mass content using 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) dye assay. The test item, DMEM was divided into three parts. First part did not receive any sort of treatment and defined as the untreated DMEM group. The second and third parts were treated with the one-time and two-times Biofield Energy Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and coded as the one-time Biofield Energy Treated DMEM (BT-I) and two-times Biofield Energy Treated DMEM (BT-II) groups, respectively. Cell viability of the test items using MTT assay showed 72.32%, 97.89%, and 104.96% viable cells in the untreated DMEM, BT-I, and BT-II groups, respectively suggested that the test items were nontoxic and safe in murine myoblasts (C2C12) cells. Further, the mitochondrial mass content in terms of Fluorescence Unit (FU) was significantly (p≤0.05) increased by 43.11% and 64.52% in the BT-I and BT-II groups, respectively in C2C12 cells compared to the untreated DMEM group. Thus, overall experimental data suggested that two-times blessed DMEM showed a significant improvement of mitochondrial mass content and results in better thermogenesis. In the present study, results demonstrated that an increased mitochondrial mass content in the cells, when treated with The Trivedi Effect®. This indicates that the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM has the great potential to improve thermogenesis, which can be used against various metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Effects of The Biofield Energy Healing Treated Novel Test Formulation for Skin Health and Aging

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 12 Pages.

Skin reflects the correlation between the overall inner-health and aging status, which is the complex biological process influenced by the various factors. The present work evaluated the impact of Biofield Energy (The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing) Treatment on the test formulation and cell medium (DMEM) for various skin health parameters using HFF-1, HaCaT, and B16-F10 cells. The test formulation was consisted of seven ingredients viz. zinc chloride, ferrous sulfate, copper chloride, magnesium gluconate, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin B12, and vitamin D3. The test formulation and DMEM media were divided into two parts. One part received the Biofield Energy Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and defined as the Biofield Treated (BT) sample, while other was denoted as the Untreated (UT) samples. MTT assay using test formulation showed greater than 76% cell viability, suggested safe and nontoxic profile at tested concentrations. Cell proliferation data using BrdU method showed an improved cell proliferation by 127.92% and 121.20% at 50 µg/mL in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation and BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation groups, respectively compared with the untreated group. The collagen level was significantly increased by 13.08%, and 15.98% at 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group compared with the untreated group. The level of elastin was increased by 28.09% at 50 µg/mL in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group, compared with the untreated group. Hyaluronic acid level was significantly (p≤0.001) increased by 86.10% and 35.14% at 10 and 50 µg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group as compared with the untreated group. Moreover, melanin synthesis was significantly inhibited by 16.96% at 10 µg/mL in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group compared with the untreated group. Anti-wrinkling effect exhibited improved cell viability by 65.63% and 69.95% at 1 and 10 µg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group compared with the untreated group. In vitro wound healing activity using scratch assay significantly improved healing rate and cell migration upto 58.55% in the HFF-1 cells in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group, while upto 231.25% in HaCaT cells lines in UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation group compared with the untreated group. In conclusion, The Trivedi Effect® based test formulation and DMEM have the significant capacity to improve overall skin health, reversal of aging process and suggests its use in psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, skin cancer, rashes from bacterial or fungal infections, and many more skin diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Cytoprotective Effect of Biofield Energy Treated Test Item Against Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (T-BHP) Induced Cell Damage in Hepg2 Cell-Line

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 10 Pages.

Emerging data indicate that the mortality rate is rising due to liver disorders day-by-day in the developed countries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the Biofield Energy (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test item (DMEM) in HepG2 cell-line. The test item was divided into two parts. One part of the test item received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and was labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM and the other part defined as untreated DMEM, where no Biofield Treatment was provided. Cell viability of the test items using MTT assay showed 113% and 129.9% viable cells in the untreated DMEM and Biofield Energy Treated DMEM groups, respectively suggested that the test items were nontoxic and safe in nature. The Biofield Energy Treated DMEM showed significant (p≤0.001) protection of cells by 15% against oxidative stress induced by t-BHP, while untreated DMEM group showed 0.4% protection. The level of IL-8 was significantly (p≤0.01) reduced by 32.15% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Moreover, the level of ALT enzyme activity was significantly (p≤0.01) reduced by 53.2% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Cholesterol level was significantly (p≤0.001) reduced by 37.35% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Besides, the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group showed 43.13% increased the level of albumin compared to the untreated DMEM group. Altogether, results suggested that Biofield Treatment significantly improved liver function. Thus, Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment could be utilized as a hepatoprotectant against several hepatic disorders such as Gilbert’s disease, cirrhosis, steatosis, alcohol abuse, hemochromatosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Wilson’s disease, cholangiocarcinoma, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Potential of Biofield Energy Treatment by Inhibition of IL-8 Secretion Using Synovial Sarcoma Cell Line (SW982)

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has proven a significant role in the inflammatory rheumatic disorder, which is produced in the synovial fluid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based DMEM medium in SW982 (Synovial cell line) on bone health inflammatory parameter like interleukin-8 (IL-8). The test sam-ple (DMEM medium) was divided into three parts, first part received one-time Biofield Treatment by a renowned Consciousness Energy Healer, Alice Branton and was labeled as the one-time Biofield Energy Treated (BT-I) DMEM, while second part received the two-times the Biofield Energy Treatment and is denoted as BT-II DMEM. The third part did not receive any treatment and defined as the untreated DMEM group. Cell viability using MTT assay showed that the cell viability of SW982 cells was more than 95% with a safe and non-toxic profile. Besides, the two-times Biofield Treated DMEM group (BT-II) showed a significant (p≤0.001) inhibition of IL-8 by 31.82% as compared to the untreated DMEM group under stimulation with IL-1β in SW982 cells. Thus, data reflected the significant potential of the test items in bone-health, which play a vital role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones against rheumatoid arthritis. Overall, Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment demonstrated a significant inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-8) that signifies it’s potential to act as an anti-rheumatic action in arthritis and other bone inflammatory disorders along with autoimmune disorders such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease of bone, rickets, deformed bones, osteomalacia, osteoma, aging, bone loss, and fractures.
Category: Biochemistry

Hair Growth Promoting Potential of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Alopecia is a common disorder related to hair fall, observed in all age’s peoples around the world. Although several medical approaches are available, however those are insufficient to mitigate or symptomatic relief from these types anomalies. Hence, it is highly essential to establish an alternative treatment strategy to increase hair proliferation. For this context, the current experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of the Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment to the test items (DMEM) in human follicular dermal papilla culture cells for the assessment of hair cell growth and development. The test item was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the untreated DMEM group without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton. The experimental results showed that cell proliferation was significantly increased by 219.30% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group as compared to the untreated DMEM group. The results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment significantly increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. Therefore, the Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment could be useful as a hair growth enhancer against different skin injuries like actinic keratosis, necrotizing fasciitis, sebaceous cysts, diaper rash, decubitus ulcer and hair-related disorders like androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, trichodystrophy, alopecia areata, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Anti-Oxidative Potential of Biofield Energy Treatment on Lung Health Using A549 Cells

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in most of the diseases and their complications. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the anti-oxidative potential of Consciousness Energy Healing Treated DMEM medium on the level of protection against oxidative stress and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity using A549 cells. The test item (DMEM) was divided into two parts. One portion was denoted as the untreated DMEM without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other portion was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton. The cell viability of the test items using MTT assay showed an increase viable cells by 122.60% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM, suggesting a safe and nontoxic profile of the test items. Furthermore, the cellular protection against oxidative stress was significantly increased by 60.50% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared with the untreated DMEM group. Additionally, the SOD enzyme activity was significantly increased by 38.08% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared with the untreated DMEM group. Thus, the overall in vitro lung health data suggest that the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment showed a significant improvement of anti-oxidative potential against oxidative damage caused by free radicals and stress in A549 cells. It is concluded that the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment has the significant capacity to increase the SOD enzyme level (antioxidant activity) along with an improved cellular protection against oxidative damage. Thus, The Trivedi Effect® can be used in various human lung disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung malignancies and parenchymal lung diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung granulomatous diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Improved Metabolic Cardiac Biomarkers Activity Using Rat Cardiomyocytes Cell Line (H9c2) Against Biofield Energy Treated Test Sample

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 12 Pages.

Cardiac biomarkers are important targets for any test sample to discover ideal cardiac health supplement. The study was aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of Biofield Energy Treated test sample (DMEM) using rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2) cells. The test item (DMEM medium) was divided into three parts, first part received one-time Biofield Treatment by Alice Branton, a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, and defined as the one-time Biofield Energy Treated (BT-I) DMEM, while second part received two-times Biofield Energy Treatment and denoted as the BT-II DMEM. The third part did not give treatment and denoted as the untreated DMEM group. The cell viability of the test sample by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay showed an increase level of viable cells by 86.58% and 91.37% in the BT-I and BT-II groups, respectively. Besides, BT-I and BT-II groups showed 10.56% and 23.53% cytoprotective action compared to the tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced group. Further, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was significantly (p≤0.001) reduced by 54.43% and 53.52% in the BT-I and BT-II groups, respectively compared to t-BHP induced group. Moreover, the level of creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) was reduced by 63.48% and 60.68% in the BT-I and BT-II groups, respectively compared to the t-BHP induced group. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was significantly inhibited by 55.6% and 112.8% in the BT-I and BT-II groups, respectively compared to the t-BHP induced group. Besides, apoptotic activity was significantly inhibited by 16% and 10% in the BT-I and BT-II groups, respectively compared to the t-BHP induced group. Overall, the experimental data demonstrated that The Trivedi Effect® has significant capacity to improve the overall cardiac parameters in H9c2 cells, which can be used against various cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure (CHF), cardiomyopathy, heart valve disorders, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Evaluation of Estrogenic Activity of Biofield Energy Treatment for the Potential of Menstrual Disorders Using Ishikawa Cell Line

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays a vital role in the endometrium development, maturation, endocrine function, and osteoblastic differentiation. The present investigation explained the role of Consciousness Energy Healing based test item (DMEM medium) on ALP in Ishikawa cells. After the division of the test item into two parts; first, part received Biofield Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and was labeled as the Biofield Treated DMEM, while the second part did not receive any treatment, and denoted as the untreated DMEM. MTT data showed 142.56% viable cells in the Biofield Treated test item, which indicated that the test item was found as safe and non-toxic. Besides, the estrogenic potential concerning ALP level was significantly (p≤0.001) increased by 65.18% in the Biofield Treated DMEM group than untreated DMEM. Thus, the experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM would play a significant role for the growth of Ishikawa cells along with an improved ALP level, which play a vital role in the promotion and maintenance of estrogen level and can be used against various estrogenic disorders viz. endometritis, hypophosphatasia, osteoporosis, infertility, severe anemia, malnutrition, fetal defects, early pregnancy loss, and preterm birth.
Category: Biochemistry

Evaluation of a Consciousness Energy Healing Based Test Formulation for Skin Health

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

This study was investigated the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) based test formulation and DMEM medium on skin health in B16-F10, HaCaT, and HFF-1 cells. The test formulation and DMEM were as-signed into two parts. First part was received the Biofield Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and were defined as the Biofield Treated samples (BT), while the second parts were denoted as the untreated test samples (UT). MTT assay data showed more than 76% cells were viable in all the tested concentrations in three different cell lines, indicating that the test formulation was safe and nontoxic. The BrdU assay showed the percent cell proliferation was increased by 15.88% in the UT-DMEM + BT- Test formulation compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation group. Elastin was increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) by 64.37%, 29.46% and 38.75% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation, BT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation, respectively at 100 µg / mL compared to the untreated test formulation. Hyaluronic acid was significantly increased by 17.74%, 96.20%, and 25.03% in UT-DMEM + BT- Test formulation, BT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation groups, respectively at 10 µg / mL compared to untreated group. The level of melanin was significantly decreased by 8.60% (p ≤ 0.05), 12.68% (p ≤ 0.001), and 21.73% (p ≤ 0.001) in the UT-DMEM + BT- Test formulation group at 0.1, 1.0, and 10 µg / mL, respectively compared to the untreated group. Protection of skin cells after UV-B exposure data showed that the cell viability was significantly increased by 31.15% and 10.84% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation and BT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation groups, respectively at 50 µg / mL compared to the untreated group. Wound healing data exhibited that the wound area was recovered with new cells by 84.91%, 92.31%, 35.09%, and 41.67% at 10, 50, 100, and 200 µg / mL in the BT-DMEM + BT- Test formulation group, respectively in HaCaT cells compared to the untreated group. The experimental data envisaged that the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM and test formulation showed significant skin protective activity. Thus, the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation could be useful for the development of effective cosmetic products for the nourishment of several skin problems such as fine lines, wrinkles, texture, pore size, elasticity, skin color / clarity, redness, hydration, to maintain the overall skin quality, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Solid State Characterization of the Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Ferrous Sulphate

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

Ferrous sulphate is an inorganic iron salt used for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Trivedi Effect®- Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the solid state properties of ferrous sulphate using sophisticated analytical techniques. The test compound, ferrous sulphate was divided into two parts and named as the control and treated sample. The control ferrous sulphate did not receive Biofield Energy Treatment; however, the Treated sample received the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by the well-known Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi (USA) for 3 minutes. The PXRD relative peak intensities and crystallite size of the treated sample were significantly changed from -66.93% to 331.88% and -24.92% to 139.87%, respectively compared with the control sample. The particle size in the treated sample values were significantly decreased by 17.56% (d10), 26.94% (d50), 31.66% (d90), and 28.98% {D(4,3)}, respectively; however, the specific surface area was significantly increased by 29.57% compared to the control sample. The melting point of the treated ferrous sulphate in the 1st and 3rd peaks was decreased by 4.06% and 2.55% respectively, while increased by 8.40% and 0.17% in the 2nd and 4th peaks, respectively compared to the control sample. The total latent heat of fusion was significantly decreased by 23.22% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The total weight loss in the treated ferrous sulphate was increased by 2.00% compared with the control sample. The maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the treated ferrous sulphate was decreased by 2.14%, 16.53%, 3.89%, and 2.21% in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th peak respectively, compared to the control sample. The Biofield Energy Treatment might lead to the production of a new polymorphic form of iron sulphate. The Biofield Energy Treated ferrous sulphate would be useful to design more efficacious nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations, which might offer better therapeutic response against iron deficiency anaemia.
Category: Biochemistry

Evaluation of the Impact of the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

Vitamin D3 (or cholecalciferol) is a fat-soluble vitamin widely used for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency disease. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physical, chemical, and thermal properties of cholecalciferol using sophisticated analytical techniques. Cholecalciferol powder sample was divided into two parts, one part of cholecalciferol was considered as a control sample (no Biofield Treatment was provided), while second part received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a popular Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi. The PXRD relative peak intensities and crystallite size of the treated cholecalciferol were significantly altered ranging from 17.35 to 60.14% and -30.02% to 99.79%, respectively compared to the control sample. The average crystallite sizes of the treated cholecalciferol were increased by 3.41% compared to the control sample. The particle size values in Dahryn’s treated cholecalciferol were significantly increased by 2.91% (d10), 3.73% (d50), 19.59% (d90), and 15.53% {D (4,3)}, respectively; thus, the specific surface area was significantly decreased by 20.41% compared to the control sample. Similarly, the melting point and latent heat of fusion of the treated cholecalciferol were lowered by 0.76% and 2.60%, respectively compared with the control sample. The total weight loss in the treated cholecalciferol was decreased compared to the control sample. The Tmax of the treated cholecalciferol was decreased by 3.32% compared to the control sample. The Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might produce a new polymorphic form of cholecalciferol which would improve powder flow ability, shape, and appearance compared with the control sample. The Consciousness Energy Healing Treated cholecalciferol would be beneficial to design better nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency, rickets, osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes mellitus, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Antioxidative Potential of Biofield Energy Treated DMEM in Pulmonary Disease Using Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (A549)

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 6 Pages.

The present in vitro investigation was aimed to explore the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treated DMEM medium for oxidative potential using oxidative biomarkers viz. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and protection against oxidative stress measured in A549 cells. The test item, DMEM was divided into two parts. First part of the test item received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and was labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group, while the second part did not receive any sort of Treatment and defined as the Untreated DMEM (control) group. The cell viability of the test sample using MTT assay showed an increase cell viability by 136.4% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group, suggesting a safe and nontoxic nature of the test items. Protection against oxidative stress was significantly increased by 23.80% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared with the untreated DMEM group. Besides, SOD enzyme activity was significantly increased by 40.40% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared with the untreated DMEM group. Thus, the overall data suggest that the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment showed a significant improvement of SOD enzyme level along with an improved protection against oxidative damage, which can be used in various human lungs disorders such as asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), lung malignancies and parenchymal lung diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung granulomatous diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Ex-vivo Hair Growth Promotion Efficacy of Biofield Energy Treated Williams Medium E using Vibrissae Hair Follicle Organ Culture

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Hair follicle growth and maturation are potentially useful for the treatment of skin injuries and diseases. For this consequence, the present study has investigated the potential of the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test item (William’s Medium E) on the vibrissae hair follicle organ culture cells for the assessment of hair cell growth and development in vitro. The test item was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the untreated test item without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated test item, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi. The study parameters like bulb thickness and formation of telogen were assessed using cell-based assay with the help of UTHSCSA Image tool version 3. The experimental results showed that the untreated test item group showed 20% and 26.67% increased bulb thickness on day 5 and 7, respectively compared to the day 1. Besides, the percent of telogen follicle in the Biofield Energy Treated test item group exhibited 57%, 86%, and 100% on day 3, 5, and 7, respectively compared to day 1. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Treatment has the potential for hair growth promotion as evident via increased the formation of telogen. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment might be useful as a hair growth promoter for various treatment of skin injuries and skin-related disorders like necrotizing fasciitis, actinic keratosis, sebaceous cysts, diaper rash, decubitus ulcer, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

Safer Nanomedicines

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Dr. Jie Zheng believes he's turned a barrier into a bridge when it comes to nanomedicine implementation. [27] Specialists at the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI and institutional collaborators have proposed a concept of hypersensitive sensory transducers (Fourier nano transducers) that could drastically revolutionise ultrasensitive control in biomedicine and a whole range of other spheres. [26] A pair of researchers in Caltech's Division of Engineering and Applied Science are working on an entirely new form of treatment—microrobots that can deliver drugs to specific spots inside the body while being monitored and controlled from outside the body. [25]
Category: Biochemistry

The Origins of Cellular Life

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

"This is just a wonderful example of the unexpected ways projects can develop when a team of diverse scientists from around the world come together to try and understand new and interesting phenomena," said team member Jim Cleaves, also of ELSI. [32] In a recent study now published on Light: Science & Applications, Yuchao Li and colleagues at the Institute of Nanophotonics in China, developed an optical microscope system using living cells as tiny lenses to image and manipulate objects smaller than the wavelength of light. [31] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Japan has developed a way to create catenanes and a molecular trefoil knot out of para-connected benzene rings. [30] Scientists at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory have devised a new process for using nano-particles to build powerful lasers that are more efficient and safer for your eyes. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Biochemistry

(Asea in DMD CJBRT Article 20.07.2019) the Remarkable Effects of “ASEA Redox Supplement” in a Child with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy – a Case Report (Published in the Canadian Journal of Biomedical Research and Technology [CJBRT] 2019; Volume 1, Issue

Authors: Andrei Lucian Drăgoi
Comments: 11 Pages.

This research aims at discovering dietary supplements which may show comparable or even stronger beneficial effects (with less or none adverse effects) than corticosteroids in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). This paper presents a case report on the effects of an ionized "saline water" called "ASEA redox Supplement®" (ARS) oral solution in a ~2-year-old boy with DMD from Bucharest, Romania. In vitro studies showed that ARS is a very potent selective NRF2 activator, thus a very potent (indirect) antioxidant: the studies conducted in vivo also support this main pharmacological mechanism of ARS, with no toxicity up to high doses, in contrast with the much more toxic corticosteroids. From the first months of ARS treatment all the rhabdomyolysis markers (with very high initial serum levels) dropped significantly, with no found toxicity. The main conclusions of this paper are: (1) ARS has remarkable antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects and should be studied on larger groups of children with DMD under the age of 4 years old (but also on other age groups of children and even young adults), as an alternative to early corticosteroids; (2) Given its immunomodulatory effect (NRF2 selective activation and NF-kB inhibition), ARS deserves future cohort studies on its potential to replace corticosteroids and other non-steroidal immunosuppressants (at least partially) in many types of pulmonary/renal/hepatic/ articular/skin autoimmune autoimmune and even malignant diseases of both children and adults; (3) Given its very strong antioxidant effects (by highly selective NRF2 potent activation), ARS deservesfuture cohort studies on acute/chronic diseases that imply high levels of tissular oxidative stress, especially some acute/chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases like acute myocardial infarction with acute/chronic heart failure, stroke, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma etc. of both children and adults (so that ARS may help millions and even billions worldwide). https://biomedress.com/volume1-issue4.php https://biomedress.com/pdf/CJBRT-19-04-018.pdf https://biomedress.com/pdf/CJBRT-19-04-018-01.pdf (the extensive table containing all the consults and paraclinical investigations of this child-patient)
Category: Biochemistry

Análise do Conteúdo de Evolução em Livros Didáticos do Ensino Fundamental Brasileiro

Authors: João Vitor Tomotani1, Rodrigo Brincalepe Salvador
Comments: 13 Pages.

The Theory of Evolution is not only the unifying force in Biology, but also one of the most important scientific concepts ever developed. However, the topic has always been neglected or misrepresented, resulting in a population that do not understand (or outright do not believe in) Evolution. The present work consists in a content analysis of Evolution in Brazilian Middle School textbooks. Its aims included the search for obstacles to the understanding of Evolution, such as: conceptual errors, language problems, “Lamarckism” and Creationism. We conclude that many of these obstacles are indeed present in textbooks, hampering the students’ grasp on Evolution; among these, the gravest is not representing Evolution as Biology’s central theory. Nevertheless, we also observed that it is indeed possible to develop the theme in a coherent manner, without recourse to over-simplifications (“dumbing down”) which may result in conceptual mistakes
Category: Biochemistry

On the Efficacy of Moringa Oleifera as Anticancer Treatment: A Literature Survey

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 5 Pages. this article has been published in BAOJ Cancer Research J., june 2019

Medicinal plants are important elements of indigenous medical system that have persisted in developing countries. Many of the botanical chemo-preventions currently used as potent anticancer agents. However, some important anticancer agents are still extracted from plants because they cannot be synthesized chemically on a commercial scale due to their complex structures that often contain several chiral centers. The aim of this study was to test different extracts from the Moringa oleifera leaves. Previous studies have shown potentially antioxidant, antitumor promoter, anticlastogen and anticarcinogen activities both in vitro and in vivo. Emerging evidence indicates that efficacy of Moringa oleifera in cancer treatment deserves re-examination. This paper is a short literature survey of research in recent years.
Category: Biochemistry

Purification of Total Flavonoids from Aurea Helianthus Flowers and in Vitro Hypolipidemic Effect

Authors: Hyon-il Ri1, Un-hak Pak1, Myong-su Kang2, Tae-mun Kim2
Comments: 10 Pages.

The effects of purification methods and its hypolipidemic function on the total flavonoids of Aurea Helianthus flower were investigated. Liquid-liquid extraction of ethanol extract from Aurea Helianthus flower was carried out by using different polar solvents. The extract with the highest total flavonoid content was selected, and the optimal conditions for purification of total flavonoids were determined by purification with macroporous resin. The human digestive environment was simulated in vitro, and the binding ability of different flavonoid samples to three kinds of cholate was compared. The results showed that the purity of total flavonoids in ethanol extract was 27.8%, the purity of total flavonoids in ethyl acetate extract was 46.4%, and the purity was increased by 18.6%. Subsequent purification with AB-8 macroporous resin; loading of total flavonoids at a concentration of 5.5 mg/mL, flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, 110 mL; use of 75% ethanol, 80 mL as eluent at a flow rate of 1.5 mL The elution at /min resulted in a total flavonoid purity of 83.5 % and an increase of 37.1%, and a good purification effect was obtained. The binding rate of total flavonoids purified by AB-8 macroporous resin to sodium taurocholate, sodium glycocholate and sodium cholate was 88.2%, 73.2% and 75.8 %, respectively. The binding ability was the strongest, and the others were ethyl acetate. Extract, ethanol extract. The purity of total flavonoids showed a good correlation with the binding capacity of cholate, and the correlation coefficient was between 0.963 and 0.988. The total flavonoids of Aurea Helianthus flower have good bile acid binding ability and can be used as the focus of natural hypolipidemic substances.
Category: Biochemistry

A Glimpse on Tuberculosis and Scope of Inhalable Anti Tubercular Therapy

Authors: Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Beeram, Venkata Nadh Ratnakaram
Comments: 20 Pages.

A glimpse on tuberculosis and scope of inhalable anti tubercular therapy
Category: Biochemistry

Effect of Different Polarity Solvents on Total Phenols and Flavonoids Content, and in-Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Flowers Extract from Aurea Helianthus

Authors: Hyon-il Ri1, Un-hak Pak1, Jong-hyok Yang1, Kwen-il Son1, Yu-il Kim1, Kyong-chol Son1, Chol-jin Ri1, Myong-su Kang2, Tae-mun Kim2
Comments: 7 Pages.

The total phenols and flavonoids content of different polar solvent extracts from Aurea Helianthus flowers, and their antioxidant activity were determined. The ethanol extract of Aurea Helianthus flowers were suspended in water and fractionated using different polar solvents; hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The parameters of each extract mentioned above were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) method, AlCl3 colorimetry method, Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, total antioxidant activity (TAA) assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay. The highest total phenols content (516.21 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids content (326.06 mg QCE /g）were obtained in ethyl acetate extract, the correlation between TPC and TFC assay was found to be 0.967. All polar solvent extracts of Aurea Helianthus flowers showed significant antioxidant effects, the highest inhibition was obtained in ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts and the lowest inhibition in the water extract. There is a good correlation of total phenols and flavonoids content with antioxidant activity. This work indicated that the polar solvent extracts of Aurea Helianthus flowers contain high phenols and flavonoids content, and exhibited antioxidant activities in vitro, therefore, could be candidates for use as natural antioxidant.
Category: Biochemistry

Human DNA Polymerase eta is a Reverse Transcriptase

Authors: Andrew Franklin, Edward J Steele
Comments: 5 Pages. Letter of Scientific Priority submitted o J Biol Chem Editor in Chief

We are molecular immunologists and immunogeneticists, and we have spent decades working with our collaborators on the mechanism of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation. We bring to your attention an important issue of scientific priority and thus maintenance of the integrity of the published scientific record. We have just become aware of two articles published recently in the Journal of Biological Chemistry that describe the reverse transcriptase activity of human DNA polymerase η (Su et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019). We would like it to be noted that clear priority for the demonstration of the reverse transcriptase activity of human DNA polymerase η was published previously by us in the journal Immunology and Cell Biology (Franklin et al., 2004). Please find the abstracts of all three articles below. We would appreciate that a note regarding this precedence be published without delay in the Journal of Biological Chemistry and linked to both articles (Su et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019) so that the scientific record is corrected. Our collaborators and colleagues in the international scientific community are following developments closely with us (see shortlist of supporting academics below), and we look forward to this matter being resolved promptly by publication of a clarifying statement. Yours sincerely, Andrew Franklin PhD, Edward J. Steele PhD _________________________________________________________________________________________________ References Franklin A., Milburn P.J., Blanden R.V., Steele E.J. (2004). Human DNA polymerase-η an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of rearranged immunoglobulin genes, is a reverse transcriptase. Immunol Cell Biol 82, 219–25. Su Y., Egli M., Guengerich F.P. (2017). Human DNA polymerase η accommodates RNA for strand extension. J Biol Chem 292, 18044–51. Su Y., Ghodke P.P., Egli M., Li L., Wang Y., Guengerich F.P. (2019). Human DNA polymerase η has reverse transcriptase activity in cellular environments. J Biol Chem, in press (published on March 6, 2019).
Category: Biochemistry

Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Action of Biofield Energy Treatment Using Synovial Sarcoma Cell Line (SW982)

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

The aim of the present research investigation was to monitor the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based DMEM medium in a synovial sarcoma cell line (SW982) for evaluation of bone health (anti-rheumatoid arthritis) potential using inflammatory parameter interleukin-8 (IL-8). The test item (DMEM) was divided into two parts. One part was represented as the untreated test item without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other portion was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated test item, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi. MTT assay was used for testing the cell viability and the results showed that the cell viability of SW982 cells was more than 100% with a safe and non-toxic profile. Further, the test item showed a significant (p≤0.001) inhibition of IL-8 secretion by 70.05% under the stimulation of IL-1β in SW982 cells as compared to the untreated DMEM group. Overall, the experimental data revealed the significant potential of the test item against rheumatoid arthritis to reduce inflammation in joints. Thus, it is concluded that Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment significantly inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-8), which showed a potential to act as an anti-rheumatic action in arthritis and other bone inflammatory disorders such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease of bone, rickets, deformed bones, osteomalacia, osteoma, aging, bone loss, and fractures.
Category: Biochemistry

The Effect of Biofield Energy Treated Dmem on the Alp Level in MG-63 Cells: Bone‐Health Biomarker

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The study was initiated to investigate the effect of Biofield Treatment on DMEM medium for bone health in MG-63 cells. The test item, DMEM medium was divided into two parts. The test item received Biofield Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and was labeled as the Biofield Treated DMEM, while the other part did not receive any treatment and denoted as untreated DMEM group. MTT assay showed that cell viability of the test item was more than 77%, which indicate a safe and non-toxic profile of the test items in MG-63 cells. The level of ALP was significantly (p≤0.001) increased by 42.86% in Biofield Treated DMEM compared with untreated DMEM. Overall, data envisaged that the Biofield Treated DMEM would play an important role for the growth of MG-63 cells along with an improved bone health parameter i.e. ALP level, which plays vital role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones. Further, it could be used in numerous bone-related disorders viz. rickets, osteoporosis, deformed bones, Paget’s disease of bone, bone loss and fractures, osteomalacia, bone and/or joint pain, osteoma, hormonal imbalance, stress, and aging.
Category: Biochemistry

In vivo Hair Growth Promotion Efficacy of Biofield Energy Treatment in C57BL/6 Mice

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Hair loss directly impacts people’s social interactions and also affects psychological well-being. Hair fall has been a rising trend nowadays due to dynamic lifestyle and pollution. In this context,the present study was performed to identify the potential of the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test item (mixture of herbal ex-tracts of Phyllantus emblica and Eclipta alba in 1:1 ratio) on the telogen skin of mice for the assessment of haircell growth and development in vivo. The test item was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the untreated test item without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated test item, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi. The study parameters like anagen induction and visual melanogenesis were performed using skin biopsy technique. The experimental results of the untreated and Biofield Energy Treated test item groups showed hair growth with 50% and 60%, respectively on dorsal clipped of skin after topical application. Besides, the Biofield Energy Treated test item group exhibited 60% melanogenesis after biopsy analysis in mice skin at the end of the experiment. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Treatment has the potential for hair growth promotion as evident via increased hair growth and melanogenesis. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment could be useful as a hair growth promoter for various treatments of skin injuries and skin-related disorders like necrotizing fasciitis, actinic keratosis, sebaceous cysts, diaper rash, decubitus ulcer, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

In Vitro Assessment of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on Hair Growth by Enhanced Proliferation of Human Follicular Dermal Papilla Cells (HFDPCs)

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Patterned hair loss or androgenic alopecia is a disorder affecting millions of peoples, in which hair sheds without ad-equate regrowth. Authors propose a new approach to increase hair growth. In this study, authors examined the in vitro potential of the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test items, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) on the Human Follicular Dermal Papilla Culture Cells (HFDPC) for the assessment of growth and develop-ment. The test items (DMEM) were divided into three parts. First part did not receive any sort of treatment and defined as the untreated DMEM group. The second and third parts were treated with the one-time and two-times Biofield Energy Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and coded as the one-time Biofield Energy Treated DMEM (BT-I) and two-times Biofield Energy Treated DMEM (BT-II) groups, respectively. The Biofield Energy Heal-ing Treatment was provided by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer (The Trivedi Effect®), remotely for ~5 minutes un-der standard laboratory conditions through unique energy transmission process. The experimental results showed that one-time Biofield Energy Treated DMEM showed 70.24% and two-times Biofield Energy Treated DMEM significantly (p ≤ 0.001) increased the proliferation of dermal papilla cells by 207.62% as compared to the untreated DMEM group. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment significantly increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells in vitro. Therefore, the Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment might be useful as a hair growth promoter in vivo against different types of skin injuries, hair disorders, and opens new research venues.
Category: Biochemistry

Evaluation of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitory Potential of Biofield Energy Treated DMEM by Determining cGMP Level in Human Endothelial Cell Line

Authors: Alice Branton, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Erectile dysfunction is a common disorder found in men, which occurs due to multiple factors such as psychogenic, hormonal imbalance, and neurovascular disturbances. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effect of a Consciousness Energy Healing based DMEM medium on the Human Endothelial Hybrid Cell Line (EA. hy926) to evaluate the level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The test item (DMEM medium) was divided into three parts, first part received a one-time Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and was labeled as the one-time Biofield Energy Treated (BT-I) DMEM, while second part received the two-times the Biofield Energy Treatment and is denoted as BT-II DMEM. The third part did not receive any treatment and defined as the untreated DMEM group. The level of cGMP for the inhibition of PDE-5 enzyme was assessed using cGMP ELISA assay kit (colorimetric). Sildenafil citrate, used as positive control, which showed a significant increase of cGMP levels in Ea. hy926 cells. The one-time Biofield Energy Healing Treated DMEM (BT-I) showed 29.92% alteration, while the two-times Biofield Energy Healing Treated DMEM (BT-II) showed a significantly (p≤0.001) increased level of intracellular cGMP by 307.09% in Ea. hy926 cells compared to the untreated DMEM group. Overall, experimental data suggested that the two-times Biofield Treated DMEM showed a significantly improved level of cGMP compared with the one-time Biofield Treated DMEM group. Therefore, data indicated that the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment can be used to treat erectile dysfunction along with other sexual disorders such as orgasmic disorders, female sexual arousal disorder, fetishistic disorder, frotteuristic disorder, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, sex addiction, sexual masochism and sadism, vaginismus, voyeuristic disorder, premature or delayed ejaculation.
Category: Biochemistry

Assessment of Biofield Energy Treatment on Liver Health Using Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (HepG2)

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Liver is the main metabolic organ in human. Most of the chemicals are primarily metabolized in the liver followed by excretion of the metabolites from the body. Therefore, there is a high chance of liver damage and most of the peoples are suffering many diseases due to their poor metabolic power of liver. In this context, the present study was performed to find out the potential role of the Biofield Energy (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test item (DMEM) in HepG2 cell line. The test item was divided into two parts. One part of the test item received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and the other part defined as the untreated DMEM, where no Biof-ield Treatment was given. Cell viability of the test sample using MTT assay showed 152.8 % viable cells in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group, suggested that the test item was nontoxic and safe in nature. The Biofield Energy Treated DMEM showed 12.2 % protection of cells against oxidative stress induced by t-BHP. The level of IL-8 was significantly reduced by 13.71 % in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the TNF-α stimulated control group. Moreover, the level of ALT was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) reduced by 64.16 % in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the t-BHP group. Cholesterol level was significantly reduced by 34.94 % Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Besides, the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group showed 23.19 % increased the level of albumin compared to the untreated DMEM group. Altogether, results suggested that Bio-field Treatment significantly improved liver health and its function. Thus, Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment could be utilized as a hepatoprotectant against several hepatic disorders such as Gilbert’s disease, cirrhosis, steatosis, alcohol abuse, hemochromatosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Wilson’s disease, cholangiocarcinoma, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

In vitro Assessment of Biofield Energy Treated DMEM on Thermogenesis Using Myoblasts Cell Line (C2C12)

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

Mitochondrial dysfunction lead to various serious disorders, which are considered as one of the important components related with the aging, such as type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based DMEM medium on murine myoblasts (C2C12) cells to evaluate the mitochondrial mass content using 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) dye assay. The test item (DMEM medium) was divided into two parts, one part received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and was labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group, while the other part did not receive any kind of Treatment and denoted as the untreated DMEM group. The level of mitochondrial mass content was assessed using 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) dye method. Cell viability of the test items using MTT assay showed 72.32% and 125.32% viable cells in the untreated DMEM and Biofield Energy Treated DMEM groups, respectively suggested a safe and nontoxic profile of the test items. Besides, the mitochondrial mass content in terms of Fluorescence Unit (FU) was significantly (p≤0.05) increased by 81.78% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group compared to the untreated DMEM group. Overall, the experimental data suggested that the Consciousness Energy Healing Based DMEM showed a significant improvement of mitochondrial mass content and results in better thermogenesis with respect to naive DMEM. Thus, an increased level of NAO dye accumulation in muscle cells indicated increased mitochondrial mass content and hence, better thermogenesis. In the present study, results demonstrated that an increased mitochondrial mass content in the cells when treated with The Trivedi Effect®. This indicates that the test sample has the potential to improve thermogenesis, which can be used against various metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

The Case for Prebiotic Chemistry During the Hadean Eon

Authors: Rainer W. Kühne
Comments: 9 Pages.

Geochemists disagree whether or not prebiotic chemistry has existed already during the Hadean Eon and whether the then terrestrial atmosphere has been strongly or weakly reduced. Here I argue that cellular life has existed already just after the end of the Hadean Eon and that terrestrial life has survived a number of cataclysms during the Earth's history. I argue that although organic molecules have been detected in meteorites that most organic molecules required for the formation of macromolecules must have been formed on Earth. Finally, I argue that the primitive terrestrial atmosphere during the Hadean Eon has been weakly reduced, so that amino acids and small nucleic acids could have been formed. I suggest that the first self-replicable macromolecules have been similar to viroids.
Category: Biochemistry

Understanding Lysosomes Using HOL based on R-D Mechanisms & CA Formalisms.

Authors: DNT Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Understanding Lysosomes Using HOL based on R-D Mechanisms & CA Formalisms.
Category: Biochemistry

Three–dimensional (3D) Simulations of Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors for Using in Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment as a Powerful Tool in Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Research and Anti–cancer Nano Drugs Sensi

Authors: Alireza Heidari, Ricardo Gobato
Comments: 8 Pages. rends in Res, 2019 doi: 10.15761/TR.1000129 Volume 2(1): 1-2

Three–dimensional (3D) simulations of human cancer cells, tissues and tumors for using in human cancer cells, tissues and tumors diagnosis and treatment as a powerful tool in human cancer cells, tissues and tumors research and anti–cancer Nano drugs sensitivity and delivery area discovery and evaluation such as liquid–based three–dimensional (3D) human cancer cells, tissues and tumors simulations and models for cancer research and anti–cancer Nano drugs sensitivity and delivery area discovery and evaluation while are investigated and considered as a powerful tool in human cancer cells, tissues and tumors research and anti–cancer Nano drugs sensitivity and delivery area discovery and evaluation has strongly recommended by a number of researchers, scientists and scholars around the world.
Category: Biochemistry

Chemical Effects on DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

University of Arkansas physics researchers have developed a simple, cost-effective method to study the effects of chemicals on DNA which has potential to improve the development and testing of life-saving treatments. [22] Scientists at the University of Sheffield studying ancient DNA have created a tool allowing them to more accurately identify ancient Eurasian populations, which can be used to test an individual's similarity to ancient people who once roamed the earth. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Biochemistry

Barley Spent Grains, a Novel Alternative for Its Utilization.

Authors: Manuel Alam-Cepero, Eddy Martínez-Padrón, Marcelo Marcet-Sánchez
Comments: 17 Pages.

In this research a study is made about the possibility of producing an energy and ecological drink from by-products of the brewing industry. Barley Spent Grains (BSG) is the largest residue or by-product of this industry. It represents 85% of the total by-product generated. BSG is a lignocellulosic material containing about 17% cellulose, 28% non-cellulosic polysaccharides, some arabinoxylans, and 28% lignin. It is available in large quantities and during all seasons of the year. Its main application has been limited to animal feeding. However, due to its high protein and fiber content (around 20% and 70% in dry basis respectively); it can be an attractive adjunct to human nutrition. The work was carried out in the pilot plant of the Faculty of Chemical Engineering of the University of Matanzas, in the Provincial Center for Electromedical Services of the city of Matanzas and in the Research Institute of the Food Industry of the MINAL in Havana City. Basically the study consisted of evaluating 3 formulations of beverages using the BSG treated enzymatically to recover proteins, carbohydrates and aromas of barley malt. These experiments were developed in a mash equipment designed and built with the collaboration of the Food Institute and automated in the Provincial Center for Electromedical Services of Matanzas. A control system was designed and built that allows an increase in efficiency and economy of the process with the consequent environmental benefit.
Category: Biochemistry

Decomposition of Nanoparticle Finished Textiles: A Brief Overview

Authors: Liu Yu
Comments: 3 Pages.

Textiles goes through variety of dyes and chemicals to their final destination. Textiles have non/and biodegradable substances, which decompose with time. The chemicals on them may not decompose and might be toxic to microorganisms present in ground. At present, a lot of research is performed on the decomposition of textile materials in natural soil, converting into biomass, water and carbon dioxide, posing no harm to the environment. In this respect, this research work aimed to see the decomposition of chemicals present on textiles, in order to understand the biodegradation phenomenon of textile materials and chemicals when buried in soil. The visual observations revealed that the decomposition or degradation of cellulose textile materials proceeded earlier than the one with functionality substance present on the cellulosic textiles.
Category: Biochemistry

Structure of Acetaminophen Alias Paracetemol or Tylenol at the Atomic Level

Authors: Raji Heyrovska
Comments: Pages. 5 Figures, Table 1. In the acknowledgement, Tim Gonen should read Tamir Gonen.

The recent new rapid technique of determining structures of molecules by CryoEM Method microED techniques by Gonen et al, aroused the interest to compare the reported bond lengths for acetaminophen with the additivity of adajacent atomic radii rule. The latter was found by the author to explain the bond lengths in many small as well as large molecules. The bond distances obtained by conventional methods and those found by Grunen et al by electron diffraction agree well with the additivity rule, whereas those by the Gonen group seem slightly smaller. A possible reason is discussed here.
Category: Biochemistry

The Antithrombotic Activity of Corilagin Purified from Korean Herb-Phyllanthus Ussuriensis

Authors: Kum Chol Ri
Comments: 4 Pages.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) is a main negative regulator of the fibrinolytic system. In animal studies, inhibition of PAI-1 activity prevents arterial and venous thrombosis, indicating that PAI-1 inhibitors may be used as a new class of antithrombotics. In this study, we revealed that corilagin which purified from Korean herb, Phyllanthus ussuriensis, inhibited plasma PAI-1 and increased the activity of t-PA in vitro and in vivo. We then observed that when injected more than 6mg/kg of corilain into the rat electrically stimulated carotid artery thrombosis rat, the rethrombosis ratio was lower than 28.6%, and it was much lower than when 20000IU/kg of urokinase was injected. At the end we found out that corilagin remarkably decreased the content of plasma fibrin in the thrombosis rat and the decrease at dose of more than 6mg/kg was about 4.4 fold than the control. Our data show that corilagin is a new class of small molecule PAI-1 inhibitors with anti-thrombotic potential and has great prospect as thrombosis therapeutic drug.
Category: Biochemistry

A First Artificial Life?

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: Pages.

I try to write a simple program for an artificial life
Category: Biochemistry

A Prospective Study on Bone Health: Effect of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 Using MG-63 Cell Line

Authors: Laura Nelson Streicher, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 11 Pages.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significant role of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters in vitro using MG-63 cells such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization. The test items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. The test samples received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Laura Nelson Streicher and samples were defined as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). MTT assay for cell viability showed that increased range 76% to 139% cell viability with safe and nontoxic profile of test samples on MG-63 cell line. ALP was significantly increased by 232.7% (1 µg/mL), 156.4% (100 µg/mL) and 262.5% (100 µg/mL) in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated group. The level of collagen was significantly increased by 145.8% and 151.6% at 10 and 50 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 177.1%, 235.6%, and 165.3% at 1, 10, and 50 µg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased collagen level by 252.1% at 1 µg/mL as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group.The percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 92.8%, 65.8%, and 32.2% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 76.8%, 132.5%, and 7.6% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 92.8%, 38.6%, and 12.3% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Biofield Energy Treatment might be vital in promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones and quality of life by assisting them in maintaining optimal vitamin D levels. It regulates the osteoblast function, improvesbone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disordersalong with wide range of adverse health conditions, comprising cancer and certain autoimmune diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Role of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 in Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63): A Multidisciplinary Aspect on Bone Health

Authors: Julia Grace McCammon, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 6 Pages.

Study the impact of Biofield Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM on bone health in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) was investigated. The test items (TI), were distributed into two parts. One part of each sample was received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Julia Grace McCammon, and those samples were labeled as Biofield Treated (BT) samples, while other parts of each sample were denoted as untreated test items (UT), where did not provide any types of treatment. Cell viability showed test samples were found as safe in tested concentrations. ALP was significantly increased by 210.4% and 221.6% in UT-DMEM+BT-TI and BT-DMEM+BT-TI respectively at 0.1 µg/mL, while increased by 207.9% in BT-DMEM+UT-TI compared to UT-DMEM+UT-TI. Collagen was significantly increased by 158.46%, 129.23%, and 138.46% in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to untreated. Moreover, level of collagen was significantly enhanced by 101.37%, 157.53%, and 176.71% in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to untreated. Besides, the percent of bone mineralization was remarkably increased by 70.59% and 151.18% in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI and BT-DMEM+BT-TI respectively at 100 µg/mL, while increased by 117.17% in UT-DMEM+BT-TI at 1 µg/mL than untreated. Altogether, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone cell growth-related parameters. It could be used as an alternative supplement for vitamin D3 deficiency on various bone-related disorders (osteoporosis, low bone density, Paget’s disease, rickets, osteomalacia), stress, aging, autoimmune, and inflammatory disorders.
Category: Biochemistry

Functional Modification of Bone Tissues After Treatment with the Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 in Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63)

Authors: Joy Angevin Balmer, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 8 Pages.

The potential of Consciousness Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) was investigated. The Test Items (TI), were separated into two parts. One part of each sample was received Biofield Energy Treatment by Joy Angevin Balmer and defined as Biofield Treated (BT) samples, while other parts of each sample were denoted as Untreated Test Items (UT). The cell viability results revealed test samples were found as safe upto 100 µg/mL. ALP was significantly increased by 84.62% in BT-DMEM + BT-TI at 0.1 µg/mL, while increased by 118.24% and 241.62% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + UT-TI, respectively at 1 µg/mL than UT-DMEM + UT-TI. Moreover, ALP was significantly elevated by 43.56% and 192.08% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + UT-TI, respectively at 10 µg/mL than untreated. Collagen was significantly increased by 112.24%, 83.68%, and 142.88% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL than untreated. Further, collagen was significantly elevated by 75.39%, 106.15%, and 113.87% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI at 1 µg/mL than UT-DMEM + UT-TI. Besides, bone mineralization was remarkably increased by 106.2% and 95.20% at 100 µg/mL in BT-DMEM + UT-TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively than untreated. Overall, Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved bone health parameters and could be able to fight against various bone-related disorders (osteoporosis, rickets, low bone density, osteogenesis imperfecta), autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress, and anti-aging improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

The Bone Regenerative Effects of the Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 in Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63)

Authors: James Jeffery Peoples, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The current research work was presented to evaluate impact of Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM on bone health in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The Test Items (TI), were distributed into two parts. One part of each sample was received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by James Jeffery Peoples and labeled as Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while other parts of each sample were denoted as Untreated Test Items (UT). Test samples were found as safe in tested concentrations by MTT assay. ALP was significantly increased by 54.43% and 111.24% at 10 and 100 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM + UT-TI than UT-DMEM + UT-TI. Moreover, ALP was significantly elevated by 128.14%, 77.84%, and 62.28% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to untreated. Collagen was significantly increased by 286.67% and 340% in BT-DMEM + UT-TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL, while increased by 134.08% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI at 10 µg/mL than untreated. Besides, percent of bone mineralization was remarkably increased by 140.94%, 113.72%, and 129.87% at 1 µg/mL in UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively, while increased by 187.91% in BT-DMEM + UT-TI at 0.1 µg/mL than untreated. Altogether, Biofield Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone growth and it could be able to fight against various bone-related disorders (osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease, rickets, osteomalacia), autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

Improved Structure and Development of Bone using Biofield Energy Enriched Vitamin D3 in Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63)

Authors: Maria Isabel A Tiraboschi, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 8 Pages.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on various bone health parameters in MG-63 cells such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization. The test items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. Both the samples received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Maria Isabel Aguilar Tiraboschi and samples were defined as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay showed that cell viability was more than 70% with safe and nontoxic profile on MG-63 cell line. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 191.7% (0.1µg/mL), 127.8% (at 1µg/mL), and 136.1% (at 10µg/mL) in BT-DMEM+UT-TI, BT-DMEM+BT-TI, and UT-DMEM+BT-TI groups respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. Collagen level was significantly increased by 267.9%, 128.9%, and 91.8% at 1, 10, and 50µg/mL, respectively in UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 169.6% at 1µg/mL in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group respectively as compared with the untreated group. Besides, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed an increased collagen value by 155.4% and 100% at 1 and 10 µg/mL respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. The percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 139.8%, 91%, and 44.7% at 0.1, 10, and 100 µg/mL, respectively in UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 126.7%, 79.3%, and 67.5% at 0.1, 10, and 100 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 31.3%, 33.2%, and 152.5% at 0.1, 10, and 100µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Overall, the experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones, which improve quality of life. Biofield Energy Treatment might be vital in maintaining the various clinical safety and quality of life by assisting them in maintaining optimal vitamin D levels. It regulates the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse health conditions, comprising cancer and certain autoimmune diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Effect of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 on the Proliferation of Osteoblast-Like MG-63 Human Osteo-sarcoma Cells in vitro

Authors: Janice Patricia Kinney, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 6 Pages.

The study objective was to evaluate the effect of Biofield Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM on bone health. The Test Items (TI) were divided into two parts. One part of each sample was received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Janice Patricia Kinney and those samples were labeled as Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while other parts of each sample were denoted as Untreated Test items (UT). The cell viability showed test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations. ALP was significantly increased by 212.57% and 134.55% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL, while 242.77% increased in BT-DMEM + UT-TI at 10 µg/mL compared to UT-DMEM + UT-TI group. Collagen was significantly increased by 172.04%, 293.55%, and 248.39% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to untreated group. Moreover, collagen was significantly increased by 99.25% and 172.93% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 1µg/mL, while increased by 156.38% and 145.64% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL than untreated group. Besides, percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 198.62%, 111.72%, and 168.28% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 0.1µg/mL compared to untreated group. Overall, Biofield Treated vitamin D3 was remarkably improved the bone health parameters and could be beneficial against bone-related disorders (osteoporosis, osteomalacia etc.), stress, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
Category: Biochemistry

A Comparative Analysis of Vitamin D3 and Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 in Bone Health Using MG-63 Cell Line

Authors: Lauree Ann Duprey-Reed, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Poor bone health is related with various bone disease that predisposes to fractures, while sufficient supplementation with calcium and vitamin D suggested prevention of bone diseases. The present study aimed to find the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on in vitro bone health parameters using MG-63 cells such as alkaline phosphates enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels, and bone mineralization. The test items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. The test samples received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Lauree Ann Duprey-Reed and samples were defined as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay showed that cell viability range 76% to 139% with safe and nontoxic profile of test samples on MG-63 cell line. ALP was significantly increased by 171.8% and 189.7% at 10µg/mL in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated group. In addition, 100% and 33.3% increased ALP at 0.1 and 10µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. The level of collagen was significantly increased at 10µg/mL by 145.8% in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 65.8% and 145.8% at 1 and 10µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased collagen level by 86.3% and 136.1% at 1 and 10µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. The percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 150%, 21%, and 73.2% at 0.1, 10, and 100µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 258.3% and 126.8% at 0.1 and 100µg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 33.3%, 32.7%, and 187.4% at 0.1, 10, and 100µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Biofield Energy Treatment might be vital in promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones and quality of life by assisting them in maintaining optimal vitamin D levels. It regulates the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse health conditions, comprising cancer, and many autoimmune disorders.
Category: Biochemistry

Biofield Energy Healing Based Vitamin D3: An Improved Overall Bone Health Activity in MG-63 Cell Line

Authors: Karen Byrnes Allen, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 8 Pages.

The potential of The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing vitamin D3 and DMEM medium was investigated in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The Test Items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM were separated into two parts. Bone health parameters were tested such as Alkaline Phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization. The Test Items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. The test samples received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Karen Byrnes Allen and samples were defined as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the Untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay exhibited increased cell viability more than 71% with safe and nontoxic profile among test samples on MG-63 cell line. The level of ALP was significantly increased by116.4% at 50µg/mL in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 35.6%, 81.2%, and 47.9% at 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group. In addition, ALP level was increased by 42.3% and 90.6% at 10 and 50 μg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups as compared with the untreated group. The level of collagen was significantly increased by 10.5% and 110.1% at 0.1 and 1 μg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 22.6% and 190.6% at 0.1 and 1µg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased collagen level by 140.6% and 39.9% at 0.1 and 1 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. The percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 128.7% at 50 μg/mL, in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 34.1%, 154.7%, and 18.7% at 1, 10, and 50 μg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 105.7%, 78.1%, and 39.6% at 1, 10, and 50 μg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Thus, the study results concluded that The Trivedi Effect® Treatment would be the best alternative treatment for the maintenance of strong and healthy bones and quality of life. Further, it regulates the osteoblast function and improved the level of collagen, ALP, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse bone health conditions.
Category: Biochemistry

Improved Overall Bone Health Activity in MG-63 Cell Line after Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on Vitamin D3.

Authors: Kathleen Starr Vagt, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 10 Pages.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters in vitro using MG-63 cells. The parameters of bone health tested are alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization. The test items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. The test samples received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Kathleen Starr Vagt and samples were defined as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay exhibited increased cell viability more than 72% with safe and nontoxic profile among test samples on MG-63 cell line. ALP was significantly increased by 140.8% (50 µg/mL), 167.3% (100 µg/mL),and 223.5% (50 µg/mL) in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated group. The level of collagen was significantly increased by 120.7% and 93% at 1 and 10 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 46.7%, 100.9%, and 29.2% at 1, 10, and 50 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased collagen level by 60.9%, 93%, and 14.4% at 1, 10, and 50 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. The percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 95.9% at 100 µg/mL in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 162% and 35.5% at 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 57% and 107.4% at 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group.T hus, the study results concluded that The Trivedi Effect Treatment would be the best alternative treatment for the maintenance of strong and healthy bones and quality of life. Further, it regulates the osteoblast function and improved the level of collagen, ALP, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse bone health conditions.
Category: Biochemistry

An Alternative Therapeutic Approach on Bone Cells Differentiation after Administration of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 in MG-63 Cell line

Authors: Eileen Mary Meagher, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 6 Pages.

The objective of the current experiment was to evaluate the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing-based test items (Vitamin D3 and DMEM) on bone parameters. Both the TI were distributed into two individual parts. One part of each samples was received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Eileen Mary Meagher and those samples were labelled as the Biofield Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each samples were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability data showed more than 71% viable cells signifies a safe and nontoxic profile of test items on MG-63 cell line. ALP was significantly increased by 132.18% and 126.52% in BT-DMEM+UT-TI and BT-DMEM+BT-TI, respectively at 50 µg/mL; while 139.06% (at 0.1 µg/mL) in UT-DMEM+BT-TI compared to untreated. Collagen was significantly increased by 172.76% at 1 µg/mL in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, while 89.65% in BT-DMEM+UT-TI at 10 µg/mL than untreated. Additionally, collagen was significantly increased by 111.2% in BT-DMEM+UT-TI at 50 µg/mL, while 113.16% in BT-DMEM+BT-TI at 100 µg/mL than untreated. The percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 206.21%, 168.74%, and 224.82% in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared with the untreated. In addition, percent of bone mineralization data showed a significant increased by 190.63%, 181.07%, and 245.41% in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI, respectively at 1 µg/mL than untreated. Moreover, at 10 µg/mL it was significantly increased by 129.44%, 111.76%, and 109.81% in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI, respectively at 10 µg/mL with respect to untreated. Based on the study outcomes it emphasized that Biofield Energy Treatment could regulates the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of autoimmune diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Project Lucinda / Project Adam/Awan

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

homo sapiens is a divine extra-special project called Project Adam/Awan
Category: Biochemistry

Lab Report

Authors: Nilantha Gamalathge
Comments: 19 Pages.

Abstract Bifidobacteria Identification is important in medical and pharmaceutical industry. The molecular analytic technique such as PCR gel electrophoresis and MALDI –TOF-MS are high sensitive and useful technique in identifying Bifidobacteria. This practical was planned to identification of Bifidobacteria by both method. PCR method is based on denaturing, annealing and extension of target DNA in the bacteria in vitro with other requirements like taq polymerase enzyme, DNA primers, Mg etc with temperature control. MALDI –TOF-MS is based on analyet Matrix co crystallization and firing of laser beam get ionization and detection time of flight by mass spectrometry Un known 3 cutler plats (S1, S2,S3) were used for both methods and correctly identified up to genus level by PCR agarose gel electrophoresis. MALDI TOF MS was done in direct application and formic acid extraction method. Both ways identified up to bifid bacteria species and lactobacillus. Both methods were equally highly sensitive to identify Bifidobacteria. Identification of species was highly accurate MALDY TOF –MS method. But both methods have done with limited sample size. Both methods are complex, high cost and need high technical knowledge. MALDI method results depend on software apart from other steps. PCR can improve to identify Bifid bacteria up to species level with the use of species-level primers.MALDI method with formic acid exaction can improve sensitivity with the purification of the protein. (PCR-polymerase Chain Reaction.MALDI-TOF-MS- Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry).
Category: Biochemistry

Improved Structural and Functional Integrity of Bone Health Parameters After Treatment with Consciousness Energy Treated Vitamin D3

Authors: Debra Jane Schnitzer, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The study objective was to investigate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing-based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health. The test items (vitamin D3 and DMEM), were divided into two parts. One part of each sample was received the Biofield Energy Treatment by Debra Jane Schnitzer and those samples were denoted as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were referred as the untreated test items (UT). Parameters such as ALP, collagen, and bone mineralization were performed to evaluate the bone strength in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations by MTT cell viability assay. ALP was significantly increased by 27.75%, 28.21%, and 60% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Moreover, the ALP level was significantly raised by 11.17% and 74.57% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Collagen was significantly increased by 54.53% and 115.01% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item groups, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 131.87% (at 1 µg/mL) and 179.77% (at 10 µg/mL) in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item group compared to the untreated group. Apart from this, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 75.94%, 125.79%, and 117.38% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Additionally, the percentage of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 46.08%, 173.22%, and 171.17% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Altogether, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be an alternative approach for nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and able to fight against various bone-related disorders including rickets, low bone density, osteomalacia, bone and joint pain, bone fractures, osteoporosis, osteoma, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease, deformed bones, chondrodystrophia fetalis, stress management and prevention, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

In Vitro Effects of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Bone Formation by Osteoblasts Cells

Authors: Sakina Aleemah Ansari, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 8 Pages.

Various bone disorders including fractures, significant pain and height loss, disability to stand up, and walk occurs due to insufficient level of vitamin D and calcium in the body. Both plays an important role to improve the patients' quality of life with respect to bone disorders. The present experimental analysis designed to explore the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on various bone health parameters such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization. Both the test items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. Each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Sakina Aleemah Ansari and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay showed that cell viability was more than 79% with safe and nontoxic profile on MG-63 cell line. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 119% (at 50 µg/mL), 161.5% (at 1 µg/mL), and 252.3% (at 50 µg/mL) in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. Collagen level was significantly increased by 81% (at 10 µg/mL), 117.9% (at 1 µg/mL), and 134.2% (at 0.1 µg/mL) in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. In addition, the percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 235.2% at 100 µg/mL in UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 152.7% and 92.6% at 0.1 and 1 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 158% at 1 µg/mL as compared with the untreated group. Overall, the experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones, which improve quality of life. Biofield Energy Treatment might also regulates the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse health conditions, comprising cancer and certain autoimmune diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Biofield Energy Enriched Vitamin D3: A New Horizons for Development of Bone Health Using MG-63 Cells

Authors: Maire Anne Mayne, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The current study investigates the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters in vitro using MG-63 cells such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization. The test items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. The test samples received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Maire Anne Mayne and samples were defined as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay showed that cell viability was more than 78% with safe and nontoxic profile on MG-63 cell line. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 141.9% and 25% at 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, 144.6% (100 µg/mL) and 120.6% (1 µg/mL) increase in ALP activity in BT-DMEM+UT-TI and BT-DMEM+BT-TI group, respectively as compared with the untreated group. The level of collagen was significantly increased by 58.7% and 72.6% at 1 and 10 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 39.7% and 101.6% at 1 and 10 µg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased collagen level by 117.5%, 163.5%, and 169.4% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. The percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 110.2%, 116.8%, and 81% at 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively in UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 148.8%, 180.1%, and 129.4% at 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 142%, 181.1%, and 113% at 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. The experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones, which improve quality of life. Biofield Energy Treatment might be vital in maintaining the various clinical safety and quality of life by assisting them in maintaining optimal vitamin D levels. It regulates the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse health conditions, comprising cancer and certain autoimmune diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Regulation of Bone Health Parameters After Treatment with Biofield Energy Healing Based Vitamin D3 on Human Osteoblast Cell Line (MG-63)

Authors: Victoria Lee Vannes, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

Bone disorders dramatically affecting the functional status of many individuals, which are suffering from bone diseases such as fractures, significant pain and height loss, disability to stand up, and walk. Vitamin D play an important role to improve the patients' quality of life with respect to bone disorders. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential of The Trivedi Effect®- Biofield Energy Healing on vitamin D3 and DMEM as test item (TI) on bone cell differentiation using human osteoblast cell line (MG-63, Osteosarcoma). Bone health biomarkers such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization were evaluated. The test items were treated with The Trivedi Effect® by Victoria Lee Vannes and divided as Biofield Energy Treated (BT) and untreated (UT) test items. Cell viability using MTT data showed that the test items were found to be safe. ALP level was significantly increased by 114.3%, 304.8%, and 314.3% at 0.1 µg/mL in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared to the untreated group. Collagen content was significantly increased by 82.5%, 138.4%, and 100.8% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, while 120.6% and 64.6% increased collagen at 0.1 and 1 µg/mL in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group and 261.9%, 179.8%, and 116.0% increased collagen in BT-DMEM+BT-TI group at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Moreover, the percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 261.2% and 239.9% at 1 µg/mL UT-DMEM+BT-TI and BT-DMEM+UT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated group. However, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 324.5% at 50 µg/mL. Thus, Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role to control the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in many bone disorders. Moreover, the bone health parameters such as collagen, calcium and ALP were significantly improved and can be used as supplement to improve bone health. Based on the outstanding results, it is assumed that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 could be a powerful alternative dietary sources and supplements to fight against various bone related diseases including low bone density and osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease of bone, rickets, osteomalacia, bone and/or joint pain, increased frequency of fractures, deformed bones, osteoma, chondrodystrophia fetalis, hormonal imbalance, stress, aging, bone loss and fractures.
Category: Biochemistry

Assessment of Bone Health After Treatment with the Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Vitamin D3 in Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63)

Authors: Carola Marina Sand, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 8 Pages.

Osteoporosis is associated with increased mortality and significant economic and health burden now-a-days. The study was aimed to evaluate the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health. The test items, were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Carola Marina Sand and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Various parameters were performed for the assessment of bone health such as ALP, collagen, and bone mineralization in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The cell viability (MTT) data showed that the test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 420.64%, 311.08%, and 532.17% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 1µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, the ALP level was significantly elevated by 213.69%, 135.46%, and 42.76% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 10µg/mL compared to the untreated. Collagen was significantly increased by 228.22%, 185.40%, and 256.69% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 0.1µg/mL compared to the untreated. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 88.61% and 130.65% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 1µg/mL compared to the untreated. Besides, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 118.35%, 266.94%, and 118.25% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50µg/mL compared to the untreated. The percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 88.29%, 288.75%, and 86.25% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 100µg/mL compared to the untreated. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was tremendously improved the bone health parameters and it could be a powerful alternative nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone-related disorders including osteoporosis, low bone density, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease, rickets, osteomalacia, deformed bones, chondrodystrophia fetalis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management and prevention, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

An In vitro Experiment on Bone Growth and Differentiation in Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63): Impact of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3

Authors: Haddon Norman Salt, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters such as ALP, collagen, and bone mineralization in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The test items (TI), were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Haddon Norman Salt and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). The cell viability by MTT assay data showed that the test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 73.24% and 85.41% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-TI group. Further, ALP level was significantly elevated by 76.71% in the BT-DMEM + UT-TI group at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the untreated. Collagen was significantly increased by 77%, 113.53%, and 98.00% in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to the untreated. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 128.05% and 132.10% in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL; while increased by 76.31% in the BT-DMEM + UT-TI at 10 µg/mL compared to the untreated. Besides, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 82.43%, 158.97%, and 52.95% at 0.1 µg/mL in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively compared to the untreated. The percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 118.41%, 197.42%, and 116.94% in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to the untreated. Further, bone mineralization was significantly increased by 202.34%, 200%, and 235.64% in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively at 10 µg/mL than untreated. Altogether, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be an excellent alternative nutraceutical supplement for vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone-related disorders including osteoporosis, low bone density, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease, rickets, osteomalacia, deformed bones, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management and prevention, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

In vitro Study on Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63): Role of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3

Authors: Gary Richard Gerber, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The study was aimed to evaluate the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health. The test items, were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Gary Richard Gerber and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). ALP, collagen, and bone mineralization activities were performed to assess bone health in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The cell viability assay (MTT) data showed that the test samples were found as safe in all the tested concentrations. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 74.54% and 98.26% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, the ALP level was significantly elevated by 111.17% in the BT-DMEM + BT-Test item group at 100 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Collagen was significantly increased by 147.46%, 59.67%, and 35.36% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item group at 1, 10, and 50 µg/mL, respectively compared to the untreated group. Moreover, the level of collagen was significantly increased by 89.88%, 86.42%, and 82.08% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL with respect to the untreated group. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 365.76%, 80.10%, and 76.09% in the BT-DMEM + BT-Test item group at 0.1, 10, and 50 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Besides, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 59.30%, 30.69%, and 177.7% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. The percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 29.44%, and 45.51% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was remarkably improved the bone health parameters and help to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone related problems including low bone density, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease of bone, rickets, osteomalacia, bone and joint pain, bone fractures, deformed bones, osteoma, chondrodystrophia fetalis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management and prevention, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3: Therapeutic Implication on Bone Health Using Osteoblasts Cells

Authors: Mark E. Stutheit, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

Calcium and vitamin D are the main constituents of bone health, while insufficient level leads to various diseases such as osteoporosis causing significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on various bone health parameters in MG-63 cells such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization. Both the test items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. Both the sample received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Mark E Stutheit and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay showed that cell viability was more than 85% with safe and nontoxic profile on MG-63 cell line. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 126.1% (at 50 µg/mL), 128.2% (at 50 µg/mL), and 173.7% (at 100 µg/mL) in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. Collagen level was significantly increased by 104.3% (at 10 µg/mL), 104.3% (at 50 µg/mL), and 97.4% (at 50 µg/mL) in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. In addition, the percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 82.4%, 118.4%, and 202.4% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively in UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 158.8%, 197.4%, and 200% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 52.9%, 131.6%, and 235.7% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Overall, the experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones, which improve quality of life. Biofield Energy Treatment might be vital in maintaining the various clinical safety and quality of life by assisting them in maintaining optimal vitamin D levels. It regulates the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse health conditions, comprising cancer and certain autoimmune diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

The Influence of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 on Bone Health and Its Health Consequences in MG-63 Cell-Line

Authors: Elizabeth Patric, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing-based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen, and bone mineralization in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The test items (vitamin D3 and DMEM), were divided into two parts. One part of each sample was received the Biofield Energy Treatment by Elizabeth Patric and those samples were denoted as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were referred as the untreated test items (UT). The MTT cell viability assay revealed that the test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations. The experimental results showed that the level of ALP was remarkably increased by 88.62% and 70.48% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item (UT-TI) and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-TI group. Moreover, the collagen level was significantly increased by 252.59%, 50.55%, and 94.99% in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-TI group. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 120.90% and 72.66% in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + UT-TI groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL, while 34.99% in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI at 100 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Apart from this, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly enhanced by 127.13%, 225.12%, and 106.28% in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Moreover, the percentage of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 52.86%, 67.00%, and 23.62% in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Additionally, the percentage of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 46.57% and 51.36% in the UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + UT-TI groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Altogether, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be an alternative approach for nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and able to fight against various bone-related disorders including rickets, low bone density, osteomalacia, bone and joint pain, bone fractures, osteoporosis, osteoma, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease, deformed bones, chondrodystrophia fetalis, stress management and prevention, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

Regulation of Bone Health Parameters in MG-63 Cell Line After Treatment with Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3

Authors: Matthew Charles Hornung, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 8 Pages.

The present experiment aimed to explore the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on various bone health parameters such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization. The test items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. The test items received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Matthew Charles Hornung and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of both the sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay showed that cell viability in tested samples was more than 88% on MG-63 cell line. ALP level was significantly increased by 273.3% (at 0.1 µg/mL), 694.1% (at 1 µg/mL), and 180% (at 0.1 µg/mL) in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. Collagen level was significantly increased by 105.8% (at 1 µg/mL), 164.6% (at 0.1 µg/mL), and 193.8% (at 0.1 µg/mL) in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. Bone mineralization percentage was significantly increased by 238.1%, 92.7%, and 43.1% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively in UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 297.6%, 86.2%, and 66.3% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 281%, 113%, and 47% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Overall, the experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones, which improve quality of life. Biofield Energy Treatment might also regulates the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse health conditions, comprising cancer and certain autoimmune diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

The Effect of Vitamin D3 on Bone Mineralization: Influence of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment

Authors: Alan Joseph Balmer, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health. The test items (viz. vitamin D3 and DMEM), were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Alan Joseph Balmer and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). ALP, collagen, and bone mineralization activities were performed to assess bone health in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The test samples (BT) were found as safe in the tested concentrations by MTT assay. ALP was significantly increased by 317.97%, 245.94%, and 247.97% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 10 µg/mL, while increased by 252.87% and 244.05% in the BT-DMEM + BT-Test item at 0.1 and 1 µg/mL, respectively compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, the ALP level was significantly elevated by 149.41% and 175.17% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Collagen was significantly increased by 607.3%, 346.41%, and 197.61% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 31.98%, 54.87%, and 67.1% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 100 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Additionally, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 71.41%, 199.92%, and 32.60% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. The percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 28.29% and 25.59% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item group at 50 µg/mL, respectively compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be a powerful alternative nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone related problems including rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, low bone density, bone, stress management and prevention, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

Implication of Biofield Energy Healing Based Vitamin D3 on Osteoblastic Differentiation

Authors: Su-Mei Chen Liu, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

Bone is one of the dynamic organ of the endoskeleton, which play a vital role in maintain the structural integrity, blood production, coagulation, mineral reservoirs, and body immunity. The present study investigates the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters in MG-63 cell line. Vitamin D3 and DMEM medium as test items (TI), were divided into two parts, and each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Su-Mei Chen Liu and labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Bone health parameters such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization as bone biomarkers were studied. The cell viability using MTT assay showed more than 84% in test items groups were found to be safe. ALP level was significantly increased by 217% (100 µg/mL), 272.8% (10 µg/mL), and 233.9% (100 µg/mL) in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively. Collagen content was significantly increased by 121.6%, 134.3%, and 86% in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL as compared with the untreated group. Additionally, the percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 213.5% (at 10 µg/mL), 109.5% (at 100 µg/mL), and 283.7% (at 100 µg/mL) in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated group. In conclusion, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role to improve the bone mineralization and calcium absorption. The bone health parameters such as collagen, calcium and ALP were significantly improved and can be used as supplement to improve bone health. Further, it is assumed that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 could be a powerful alternative dietary sources and supplements to fight against various bone related diseases including low bone density and osteoporosis, Paget’s disease of bone, rickets, deformed bones, osteomalacia, bone and/or joint pain, increased frequency of fractures, osteoma, hormonal imbalance, stress, aging, bone loss, and fractures.
Category: Biochemistry

Effects of Vitamin D3 on the Proliferation and Mineralization of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells: Implications of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment

Authors: Thomas Charles Slade, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

Silently progressing metabolic bone disorders are widely increased that affects the quality of life as one of the key health issues today. The aim of the study is to evaluate the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters. Vitamin D3 and DMEM medium as test items (TI), were divided into two parts. Each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Thomas Charles Slade and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization as bone health biomarkers were studied. The cell viability (˃84%) using MTT assay showed that the test items were found to be safe. ALP level was significantly increased by 218.6% (100 µg/mL), 263.9% (10 µg/mL), and 135.7% (100 µg/mL) in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively. Collagen content was significantly increased by 147.6%, 153.1%, and 240.8% at 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 150.8% and 212.9% at 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+BT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. Moreover, the percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 104.6% and 185.9% in UT-DMEM+BT-TI and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL, while 119%, 42.6%, and 102.3% at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role to control the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in many bone disorders. Moreover, the bone health parameters such as collagen, calcium and ALP were significantly improved and can be used as supplement to improve bone health. Based on the outstanding results, it is assumed that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 could be a powerful alternative dietary sources and supplements to fight against various bone related diseases including low bone density and osteoporosis, Paget’s disease of bone, rickets, deformed bones, osteomalacia, bone and/or joint pain, increased frequency of fractures, osteoma, hormonal imbalance, stress, aging, bone loss and fractures.
Category: Biochemistry

Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3: Direct Effect on Bone Health Using Human Osteoblast-Like Cells

Authors: Sheila Maureen Benson, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 8 Pages.

Vitamin D and calcium are one of the important constituents of good bone health. Bone disorders might be to the hormonal factors and lack of proper nutrition that leads to gradual bone loss. The current study aimed to explore the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on various bone health parameters. Vitamin D3 and DMEM medium as test items (TI), were divided into two parts. Each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Sheila Maureen Benson and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Bone health biomarkers such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization were measured. MTT data showed that cell viability was more than 70% and all the test items were found to be safe at the tested concentrations. ALP level was significantly increased by 135.9% and 134.5% at 1 and 50 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, while 84.4%, 93.8%, and 50.0% at 1, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed increased ALP by 50.2% and 104.7% at 10 and 50 µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. Collagen content was significantly increased by 463.6%, 387.9%, and 239.4% in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI group, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL as compared with the untreated group. Moreover, the percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 131.7% and 81.7% at 1 and 10µg/mL, respectively in UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 83.1% and 53.6% at 10 and 50µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 152.3% and 108.3% at 50 and 100µg/mL, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Overall, the experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones, which improve quality of life. Biofield Energy Treatment might also regulates the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse health conditions, comprising cancer and certain autoimmune diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Influenced of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on Vitamin D3 for the Assessment of Bone Health Parameters in MG-63 cells

Authors: Dianne Heather Vincent, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The objective of this experiment was to find out the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters. The test items (viz. vitamin D3 and DMEM), were divided into two parts. One part of each test item was received the Biofield Energy Treatment by Dianne Heather Vincent and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen, and bone mineralization activities were performed to assess bone activity in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations by MTT assay. ALP was significantly increased by 82.87%, 30.90%, and 58.53% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 50 µg/mL than the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Other parameter like collagen was significantly increased by 11.41% and 34.65% in the in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item group at 1 and 10 µg/mL, respectively as compared to the untreated group. Besides, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 148.81% and 251.39% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Further, percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 112.36%, 124.88%, and 124.69% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Moreover, at 100 µg/mL the percent of bone mineralization was remarkably increased by 85.97%, 102.63%, and 45.61% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively with respect to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be a powerful alternative nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone related problems including rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease, bone and joint pain, low bone density, bone fractures, osteoma, chondrodystrophia fetalis, stress management and prevention, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

Impact of Biofield Energy Healing Treated Vitamin D3 on Human Osteoblast Cell Line (MG-63) for Bone Health

Authors: William Dean Plikerd, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

Bone disorders are largely associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and substantial economic and health costs. Vitamin D play an important role for calcium absorption and bone mineralization, which can improve the patients' quality of life. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential of The Trivedi Effect®- Biofield Energy Healing on vitamin D3 and DMEM as test item (TI) on bone cell differentiation using human osteoblast cell line (MG-63, Osteosarcoma). Bone health biomarkers such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization were evaluated. The test items were treated with The Trivedi Effect® by William Dean Plikerd and divided as Biofield Energy Treated (BT) and untreated (UT) test items. Cell viability using MTT data showed that the test items were found to be safe. ALP level was significantly increased by 346.4% (at 50 µg/mL), 375.3% (at 100 µg/mL), and 343.2% (at 100 µg/mL) in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared to the untreated group. Collagen content was significantly increased by 336.2% and 237.2% in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI at 10 and 50 µg/mL, respectively while 399.3% (10 µg/mL) and 200% (0.1 µg/mL) increased collagen in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively. Moreover, the percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups by 416.9% (10 µg/mL), 460.7% (0.1 µg/mL), and 441.7% (10 µg/mL) respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. Thus, Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role to control the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in many bone disorders. Moreover, the bone health parameters such as collagen, calcium and ALP were significantly improved and can be used as supplement to improve bone health. Based on the outstanding results, it is assumed that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 could be a powerful alternative dietary sources and supplements to fight against various bone related diseases including low bone density and osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease of bone, rickets, osteomalacia, bone and/or joint pain, increased frequency of fractures, deformed bones, osteoma, chondrodystrophia fetalis, hormonal imbalance, stress, aging, bone loss and fractures.
Category: Biochemistry

Role of Vitamin D3 on Alkaline Phosphatase, Collagen, and Bone Mineralization: Impact of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment

Authors: Bonnie Patrice Hegarty-Diaz, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The objective of this study was to assess the potential of Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health. The test items, were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Bonnie Patrice Hegarty-Diaz and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Various parameters were performed to evaluate bone strength and integrity such as ALP, collagen, and bone mineralization in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations by MTT assay. ALP was significantly increased by 50.77% and 50.27% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, the ALP level was significantly elevated by 137.29% and 88.08% and 107.93% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 66.15%, 88.18%, and 55.87% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Collagen was significantly increased by 39.44%, 39.44%, and 49.66% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Additionally, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 13.51% and 47.21% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. The percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 11.51%, 109.53%, and 83.73% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL, compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be a powerful alternative nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone related problems including rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease of bone, bone and joint pain, low bone density, bone fractures, deformed bones, osteoma, chondrodystrophia fetalis, stress management and prevention, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

Marsilea Quadrifolia: a Floral Species with Unique Medicinal Properties

Authors: Suresh Kumar Agarwal, Sitangshu Roy, Prosenjit Pramanick, Prosenjit Mitra, Ricardo Gobato, Abhijit Mitra
Comments: 6 Pages. Parana Journal of Science and Education (PJSE) – v. 4, n. 5, (15-20) July 1, 2018 ISSN: 2447-6153

Marsilea quadrifolia is a unique plant with high medicinal value. It is widely distributed in the state of West Bengal, which is a maritime state in the north-east part of Indian sub-continent. The present paper is a snapshot of the quantitative analysis of total carbohydrate, protein, fat, flavonoids, amino acids, saponins in the plant extract prepared by dissolving the powdered form of the plant in distilled water in the ratio of 1:10. Our analysis showed the highest value for total carbohydrate, followed by protein, amino acid, flavonoids, saponins and fat.
Category: Biochemistry

Vitamin D3 and Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment Modality on Human Osteoblast Cells

Authors: Jay Antony Prague, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

The current study was established to evaluate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone cells development. The test items were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Jay Antony Prague and those samples were labeled as Biofield Treated (BT) samples, while other parts of each sample were denoted as untreated test items (UT). MTT data showed test samples were found as safe in tested concentrations. ALP was significantly increased by 214.74%, 350.53%, and 536.32% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, ALP level was significantly elevated by 155.09% and 93.37% in BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to untreated. Collagen was significantly increased by 73.40%, 150.39%, and 133.59% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to untreated. Moreover, level of collagen was significantly increased by 105.68%, and 72.76% in BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL with respect to untreated. Besides, percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 229.99%, 229.99%, and 200% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 0.1µg/mL compared to untreated. Percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 137.27% and 142.17% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL, while increased by 78.29% and 96.71% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item groups, respectively as compared to untreated. Overall, Biofield energized vitamin D3 has a significant effect on bone health and able to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone-related problems.
Category: Biochemistry

Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Parameters of Bone Metabolism after Treatment with Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 in MG-63 Cells

Authors: Jagdish Singh, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 6 Pages.

The aim of this study was to examine the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters. The test items (viz. vitamin D3 and DMEM), were divided into two parts. One part of each test item was received the Biofield Treatment by Jagdish Singh and those samples were labeled as Biofield Treated (BT) samples, while other parts of each sample were denoted as Untreated Test Items (UT). The test samples were found as safe in tested concentrations by MTT assay. ALP was significantly increased by 130.51%, 84.39%, and 67.51% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 1 µg/mL than UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Moreover, level of collagen was also significantly enhanced by 117.37% in BT-DMEM + UT-Test item at 100 µg/mL than untreated. Other parameter like collagen was significantly increased by 171.30%, 168.51%, and 110.48% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL as compared to untreated. Additionally, level of collagen also elevated by 88.49%, 280.08%, and 63.28% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively, at 100 µg/mL compared to untreated. Besides, percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 79.34%, 146.74%, and 162.76% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 100µg/mL compared to untreated. Overall, Biofield Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be a powerful alternative nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone related problems including rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfect, bone fractures, osteoma, chondrodystrophia fetalis, stress management and prevention, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

(Asea in DMD Version 1.0 26.05.2018 10 Pages) the Clinical and Biological Effects of Asea Ionized Water /"redox Supplement" (Co-Administered with L-Carnitine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Plus Multivitamins Dietary Supplements) in a ~3-Year-Old Boy with D

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 10 Pages.

This paper presents a case report on the clinical and biological effects of “ASEA redox supplement” (ASEA-rs) oral solution (co-administered with L-carnitine and omega-3 fatty acids plus multivitamins dietary supplements) in a ~3-year-old boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) from Romania. ASEA-rs was tested on both animals and humans. In vitro studies on various human cells showed that ASEA-rs is a very potent NRF2 selective activator (with transient effect): the studies conducted in vivo (on both animals and humans) also support this main pharmacological mechanism of ASEA-rs, with no toxicity up to high doses (in contrast with corticosteroids which are usually reserved in Romania for DMD children with age above 4 years, given their toxicity profile and adverse effects including immunosuppression, growth delay, osteopenia, osteoporosis and overweight) and a satisfactory bioavailability especially in the vital organs (in which NRF2 also reaches its highest intracellular cytoplasmatic concentrations), which assures the strong NRF2 activation effects of ASEA-rs indirectly observed in vivo. ASEA was clearly demonstrated to activate tissular lipases (probably also via NRF2 pathway) and to significantly increase some fatty acids serum levels that are further internalized by skeletal muscles and myocardium and used as “fuel” by muscular cells (myocytes) (and cardiomyocytes), partially sparing the glycogen reserves of myocytes/cardiomyocytes and so raising the resistance of skeletal muscles to effort and possibly the resistance and contractility of myocardium. Based on its demonstrated potent selective NRF2 activation effect, its beneficial effects on muscle effort resistance and its safety profile, I have prescribed ASEA-rs to this ~3-year-old child with DMD, with a minimal set of clinical signs at his age, but with significant biological alternations in the biochemical markers of muscular damage (rhabdomyolysis): the results (after the first 3 months with ASEA-rs, associated with L-carnitine and omega-3 fatty acids plus multivitamins supplements) were a significant reduction in the creatine (phospho)kinase (CK/CPK) and CK-MB isoform serum levels. Keywords: ASEA redox supplement (ASEA-rs) oral solution, 3-year-old boy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Romania, NRF2 selective activator, tissular lipase activator, skeletal muscles and myocytes, myocardium and cardiomyocytes, corticosteroids, creatine (phospho)kinase (CK/CPK), CK-MB isoform
Category: Biochemistry

A Simple Suggestion Against the Cancer

Authors: José Francisco García Juliá
Comments: 1 Page.

Insertion of a marker into the cells to be used by the lymphocytes against the cancer.
Category: Biochemistry

Kinetic Reevaluation on Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption by Arrowhead Plant (Sagittaria Trifolia L.) Stalkusing Using Deactivation Kinetics Model

Authors: Un-Ju Pak, Chol Sin, Chang-Nam Ri, Ok-Sun Bok
Comments: 7 Pages.

The heavy metal ions adsorption from aqueous solution by arrowhead plant (Sagittaria trifolia L.) [J Food Biochem. 2018;42:e12448] stalk was reevaluated using deactivation kinetics model (DKM). As the result, the reaction orders were newly evaluated and the adsorption rate constants of each component were calculated and compared. Keywords: Adsorption Kinetics, Heterogeneous Reaction, Deactivation Kinetics Model
Category: Biochemistry

An Alternative Approach for the Management of Bone Health: Role of Biofield Energy Healing Treated Vitamin D3

Authors: Brian Anthony Weekes, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The main aim of this experiment was to assess the impact of Consciousness Energy Healing-based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters. The test items, were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Brian Anthony Weekes and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Different parameters like ALP, collagen, and bone mineralization were performed to evaluate the bone strength and integrity in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations by MTT cell viability assay. ALP was significantly increased by 19.49% and 63.49% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, the ALP level was significantly elevated by 35.92% and 61.17% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Collagen was significantly increased by 53.75% and 42.43% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item groups, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 46.54% and 122.61% at 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item group compared to the untreated group. Additionally, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 18.12%, 96.33%, and 150.85% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Further, the percentage of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 61.96 and 22.84% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be an alternative nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone related problems including rickets, low bone density, osteomalacia, bone and joint pain, bone fractures, osteoporosis, osteoma, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease of bone, deformed bones, chondrodystrophia fetalis, stress management and prevention, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

The Potential Benefits of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 on Bone Mineralization in Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63)

Authors: Aileen Carol Lee, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The study was aimed to evaluate the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health. The test items, were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Aileen Carol Lee and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). ALP, collagen, and bone mineralization activities were performed to assess bone health in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The cell viability assay (MTT) data showed that the test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 251.16%, 103.75%, and 119.55% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 50 µg/mL, while 123.37% increased in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, the ALP level was significantly elevated by 194.1%, 72.34%, and 65.31% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Collagen was significantly increased by 83.02%, 145.67%, and 191.41% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 50.29% and 52.48% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Additionally, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 64.46% and 94.16% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. The percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 26.59% and 28.33% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item group at 10 and 50 µg/mL, respectively compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was remarkably improved the bone health parameters and it could be a powerful alternative nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone related problems including low bone density, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, rickets, osteomalacia, bone and joint pain, bone fractures, deformed bones, osteoma, chondrodystrophia fetalis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management and prevention, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

Biofield Energy Based Vitamin D3 Stimulates In vitro Osteoblasts Differentiation in MG-63 Cell line

Authors: Patricia Margaret Rowe, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

In most of the people, bone loss and deterioration of bone structure results in bone disorders such as osteoporosis, arthritis, decreased bone mass, rickets, and deformed bones. Insufficient level of vitamin D3 and calcium in the body are the major causes of bone disorders. The present study aimed to explore the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on various bone health parameters such as alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels and bone mineralization. Both the test items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. The test items received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Patricia Margaret Rowe and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of both the sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay showed that cell viability in tested samples was more than 70% with safe and nontoxic profile on MG-63 cell line. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 230.8% (at 50 µg/mL), 231.3% (at 50 µg/mL), and 253% (at 100 µg/mL) in UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively as compared with the untreated test item and DMEM group. Collagen level was significantly increased by 497.7%, 346.2%, 323%, and 331.4% at 0.1, 1, 10, and 50 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 116.3% and 112.8% at 0.1 and 50 µg/mL, respectively in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI group. In addition, 70.5% and 143.6% increased collagen was reported at 10 and 50 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+BT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. Bone mineralization percentage was significantly increased by 241.3% at 1 µg/mL in UT-DMEM+BT-TI group, while 187.9% and 113.7% at 0.1 and 1 µg/mL, respectively in BT-DMEM+UT-TI group as compared with the untreated group. In addition, BT-DMEM+BT-TI group showed a significant increased bone mineralization by 129.8% at 1 µg/mL as compared with the untreated group. Overall, the experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM would play an important role in the promotion and maintenance of strong and healthy bones, which improve quality of life. Biofield Energy Treatment might also regulates the osteoblast function, improves bone mineralization, and calcium absorption in wide range of bone disorders along with wide range of adverse health conditions, comprising cancer and certain autoimmune diseases.
Category: Biochemistry

Influence of Biofield Treated Vitamin D3 on Proliferation, Differentiation, and Maturation of Bone-Related Parameters in MG-63 Cell-Line

Authors: Dimitrius Anagnos, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing-based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen, and bone mineralization in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The test items (vitamin D3 and DMEM), were divided into two parts. One part of each sample was received the Biofield Energy Treatment by Dimitrius Anagnos and those samples were denoted as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were referred as the untreated test items (UT). The test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations by MTT cell viability assay. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 74.86% in the BT-DMEM + BT-Test item and 40.17% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item group at 0.1 and 50 µg/mL, respectively compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Moreover, collagen level was significantly increased by 228.22%, 185.40%, and 256.69% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 88.61% and 130.65% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Apart from this, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly enhanced by 98.61%, 111.67%, and 68.26% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Additionally, the percentage of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 83.3%, 99.52%, and 50.26% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Altogether, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be an alternative approach for nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and able to fight against various bone-related disorders including rickets, low bone density, osteomalacia, bone and joint pain, bone fractures, osteoporosis, osteoma, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease, deformed bones, chondrodystrophia fetalis, stress management and prevention, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

Knots in DNA Molecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9]
Category: Biochemistry

Evaluation of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 on Bone Health Parameters in Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63)

Authors: Dezi Ann Koster, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters. The test items, were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Dezi Ann Koster and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Different parameters were performed for the evaluation of bone health like ALP, collagen, and bone mineralization in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The cell viability (MTT) data showed the test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 431.44% and 436.87% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, the ALP level was significantly elevated by 163.34%, 44.91%, and 57.67% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to the untreated. Collagen was significantly increased by 56.58%, 84.95%, and 43.27% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to the untreated. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 21.27%, 47.26%, and 63.1% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL compared to the untreated. Besides, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 41.87% and 91.87% at 1 µg/mL in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively while, increased by 72.66% and 186.68% at 50 µg/mL in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively compared to the untreated. The percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 101.21%, 57.76%, and 125.53% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the untreated. Altogether, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be an excellent alternative nutraceutical supplement against various bone-related disorders including osteoporosis, low bone density, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease, rickets, osteomalacia, deformed bones, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management and prevention, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

A Perspective of Bone Health Study: Impact of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3

Authors: Cathryn Dawn Nykvist, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

Bone disorder like osteoporosis is an important risk factor for fragility fractures. The main objective of this study was to find the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health. The test items (viz. vitamin D3 and DMEM), were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Cathryn Dawn Nykvist and those samples were labeled as the Biofield Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen, and bone mineralization activities were performed to assess bone health in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). The test samples were found as safe in the tested concentrations by MTT assay. ALP was significantly increased by 88.68% and 166.1% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, respectively at 10µg/mL than the UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Moreover, the ALP level was significantly elevated by 51.99% and 58.32% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 100µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Collagen was significantly increased by 135.60%, 149.72%, and 95.90% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 100µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Further, the collagen level was significantly increased by 83.43% in the BT-DMEM + BT-Test item group at 10µg/mL, while 43.00% and 82.81% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Besides, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 103.28%, 120.78%, and 84.26% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 1µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Further, percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 104.41% and 81.71% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item group at 0.1µg/mL, respectively compared to the untreated group. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be a powerful alternative nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone related problems including rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s disease, bone and joint pain, low bone density, bone fractures, osteoma, chondrodystrophia fetalis, stress management and prevention, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

Smarter Drugs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

A new method has been developed to make drugs 'smarter' using nanotechnology so they will be more effective at reaching their target. [19] It's called gene editing, and University of Alberta researchers have just published a game-changing study that promises to bring the technology much closer to therapeutic reality. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9]
Category: Biochemistry

Nuclease Activity of the DNA Polymerases: an Evasion of Microscopic Reversibility Leading to Fidelity in Excess of Kinetic Control Levels

Authors: Sosale Chandrasekhar
Comments: 8 Pages.

The exonuclease and endonuclease activities of the DNA polymerases, which extend their proof-reading capabilities and maintain high fidelity in the replication process, apparently conflict with the principle of microscopic reversibility. However, deeper mechanistic analysis of the reaction leads to fascinating insights into the kinetic and thermodynamic effects controlling the replication of the primary genetic material. Thus, nucleotide addition and excision apparently involve different pathways, although violation of microscopic reversibility is avoided as the overall reaction does not reach equilibrium. Intriguingly, however, this allows the fidelity levels to exceed those expected from simple kinetic control.
Category: Biochemistry

Reasons for High Life Expectancy at Birth with Males in Hambantota District in Sri Lanka

Authors: Imesha Rashmini Rathnayaka1, Nivethika Sivakumaran1
Comments: 9 Pages. http://www.ijstre.com/Publish/322018/43368139.pdf

Introduction:It has been proven twice that the Hambantota District has the highest life expectancy in male population. This study focused to find and identify reasons for Hambantota District people to have high life expectancy at birth. Methodology: Research was carried out in both qualitative and quantitative phases in five MOH (Medical Health Officer) divisions in Hambantota District. Study focused on 3 age categories, 55-65 Years, 66-75 Years, and above 76 Years. Main objectives and key information areas are Life Style and Social Behaviors, Food Consumption and Diet, Familial Trait and Physical and Mental Health. Results: Majority of the male population have educated up to grade 5 and most are engaged in the agriculture while others engaged in fishery and self-employment etc. Almost everyone reachestheir workplaces by foot or by bicycle. Many of them work less than six hours. They spend their free time with their family members and watch TV. Most of them do not consume alcohol and smoke. Almost everyone take part in social activities. Majority eat red rice for all three meals. Almost everyone eats fish every day. They have a high salt intake. Their parents and ancestors have also have had a high life expectancy. Only a minority suffer from chronic illnesses. They all have a good physical and mental health condition. They spend happy and relaxed lifestyle. Conclusion: Healthy diet, low alcohols consumption and smoking, high iodine intake, physical activeness and their social well being effect for high life expectancy within the male population of selected five MOH divisions in Hambantota District. They have a free and happy life. Genetics of these people also may contribute for high life expectancy. Abundance of neem trees in this area also may effect on their high life expectancy.
Category: Biochemistry

Did the Emergence of Blood Groups Weed Out Cannibalism? a New Take on a Persistent Conundrum

Authors: Sosale Chandrasekhar
Comments: 6 Pages.

It is proposed that the emergence of different blood groups – whether in humanoids or their predecessors – served as a strong deterrent to the mixing of blood from different individuals. Cannibalism is the most likely activity in which such mixing would have been inevitable. In fact, the immunological significance of the blood groups may be overblown, as a correspondence between antigen and antibody is not always apparent in them. These conclusions also raise intriguing questions about the consumption of animal meats and blood by humans, with interesting implications for currently held views on diet and disease.
Category: Biochemistry

Determination of the Fatty Acids of Hibiscus Manihot Seed Oil by GC-MS

Authors: Ri Hyon Il, Yang Zheng Hyok, Son Kwen Il, Ri Chel Jin
Comments: 8 Pages. analysis

The oil was extracted from Hibiscus manihot seed using Soxhlet extraction method, petroleum ethersoak method..The fatty acid compositions of seed oil were analyzed by GC/MS and Gas Chromatographic conditionwas optimized. The results showed that the content of linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitoleic acid were 58.36 %, 1.66 % and21.95 % respectively and unsaturated fatty acids were 75.56 %.
Category: Biochemistry

Constructing SandBrick from Microbial Induced Cementing Bacteria (MICP)

Authors: Abdalla Iamm, Mohamed Essam
Comments: 3 Pages.

Needless to say, Egypt is one of the developing countries that faces multiple challenges: Pollution and weak health care system which affect mainly two aspects of life: public health and communication. The grand challenge which our project focused on is pollution; waste and industrial smoke pollute the air with high amounts of toxic gases such as CO₂ and SO₄. So, a solution has been adopted to produce a highly-strengthened brick with a lower price. The solution is about extracting and precipitating silica fume (which is a highly toxic material in the gaseous state) from the industrial smoke, and mixing it with BacillusPasteurii bacteria, urine and calcium chloride to make a brand-new strengthened brick almost as hard as a marble. Based on the obtained results, our project could slightly solve Egypt's major problems, mainly the Pollution Problem.
Category: Biochemistry

Cellular Immortality Ribonucleoprotein

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Biochemistry

Discussing Modern Updated Criteria for Judging Autoimmune Disease

Authors: Wan-Chung Hu
Comments: 5 Pages.

Witebsky’s criteria for autoimmune diseases were used for decades since 1957. His postulates are: 1. Direct demonstration of free circulating antibodies active at body temperature 2. Recognition of the specific antigen 3. Production of antibodies against same antigen in experimental animals 4. Experimental animal demonstrates same tissue changes in human. More updated and applicable criteria for autoimmune disorders are required due to recent advance in molecular immunology. Here, I propose new criteria. Possible criteria is HLA association. Probable criteria is HLA association plus TH subtype restriction without pathogen. Definite criteria is experimentally reproducible by autoantibody or self reactive T cell transfer. Optional criteria is Clinical or pathology clues. This new criteria is more practical. It should help to explore the actual disease pathophysiology and lead to better diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Category: Biochemistry

Chemical Chain Reaction

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Tailor-made protein drugs in the fight against cancer and other diseases are a step close, with the Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology at Flinders playing a part in one of the latest chemistry discoveries in effectively modifying therapeutic proteins. [30] New research published in Nature Methods will dramatically improve how scientists "see inside" molecular structures in solution, allowing for much more precise ways to image data in various fields, from astronomy to drug discovery. [29] Prof WANG Zhisong and his research team from the Department of Physics, NUS have developed two sets of conceptually new mechanisms that enable artificial nanowalkers to move in a self-guided direction using their internal mechanics. [28] Gene editing is one of the hottest topics in cancer research. A Chinese research team has now developed a gold-nanoparticle-based multifunctional vehicle to transport the "gene scissors" to the tumor cell genome. [27] Cells can be programmed like a computer to fight cancer, influenza, and other serious conditions – thanks to a breakthrough in synthetic biology by the University of Warwick. [26] This "robot," made of a single strand of DNA, can autonomously "walk" around a surface, pick up certain molecules and drop them off in designated locations. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21]
Category: Biochemistry

On the Atomic Carcinogenic Mechanism and Cure for Cancer: Ferrochemistry for Cause of Warburg Effect

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 124 Pages.

A cure for cancer is formulated by a new theory for cancer genesis by Ferrochemistry (Little Effect) and Laws of Ferrochemistry for disrupting the Kreb Cycle and accelerating the glycolysis due to enzymatic substitutions of primordial 12C, 14N, 16O, 24Mg, 31P, and 32S nuclides by less healthy nonprimordial 13C, 15N, 17O, 25Mg, 30P, 32P, and 33S nuclides. The nonprimordial nuclides fractionally fission to produce different QF and L continua for different enzymatic activity and biochemistry on the substrates for nuclear spins altering the chemical machinery and chemical operation of the cellular physicochemical chemistry for the origin of cancer. A theoretical cure for cancer (with few side effects) is discovered for killing these malfunctioning cancer cells of high nonprimordial isotopic concentrations by selectively energize these isotopes in strong static magnetic fields and many dynamic magnetic fields so as to selectively kill the cancer cells with minimal effects on normal cells.
Category: Biochemistry

A Weird Urine Sample

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 2 Pages.

A 5-year female, who had suffered from a very mild strangury in the last few days, brought to the primary care pediatrician a urine sample in a winter morning, in order to perform a urine test strip for the rapid determination of ten parameters. When the mother opened the disposable urine container in front of the pediatrician, they realized that three ivory-white, half-round objects, unnoticed during the sampling, floated on the urine surface. They displayed a diameter of approximately 1 centimeters. In order to appreciate their size, notice that, in the Figure, the total diameter of the 150 ml cylinder is 5,8 cm. The three cupola-shaped structures were hard to the touch. Despite their hard plastic consistency, they cracked in 4-5 smaller pieces after a strong pressure between two fingers. The test strip did not show urinary pathological findings. Physical examination did not reveal alterations in child’s perineal and genital areas. The young female did not suffer from systemic diseases, such as hyperoxaluria or metabolic alterations. She was taking levetiracetam (oral solution), because of a recent diagnosis of early onset occipital epilepsy The mother was fully reliable and trustworthy and did not suffer from any psychiatric or psycological diseases. Note that the well mixed, non-centrifuged, protected from light, not older than two hours urine was collected in a clean, well rinsed container, free of detergents and preservatives. No one manipulated the container after the sampling.
Category: Biochemistry

Human Development Paralleled with World History Epochs

Authors: Mell Lenz, Baz J Taylor
Comments: 2 Pages.

“HEY MORONS!! YOU MISSED SOMETHING!!”
Category: Biochemistry

1500 Chemical Reactions a Day

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

A team of researchers at Pfizer, the pharmaceutical giant, has developed an automated flow chemistry system that is capable of carrying out 1500 reactions over a 24-hour period. [29] Prof WANG Zhisong and his research team from the Department of Physics, NUS have developed two sets of conceptually new mechanisms that enable artificial nanowalkers to move in a self-guided direction using their internal mechanics. [28] Gene editing is one of the hottest topics in cancer research. A Chinese research team has now developed a gold-nanoparticle-based multifunctional vehicle to transport the "gene scissors" to the tumor cell genome. [27] Cells can be programmed like a computer to fight cancer, influenza, and other serious conditions – thanks to a breakthrough in synthetic biology by the University of Warwick. [26] This "robot," made of a single strand of DNA, can autonomously "walk" around a surface, pick up certain molecules and drop them off in designated locations. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins—just a hair above absolute zero—and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Biochemistry

P-MFC (Plant Microbial Fuel Cell)

Authors: Mohammad Yahia Zakaria
Comments: 5 Pages. Mohammad Yahia Zakaria is currently a student in STEM High School for Boys, 6th of October city, Egypt. For Further Information, E-mail: 15094@stemegypt.edu.eg

Energy crisis is a great challenge in our world. The usage of non-renewable resources causes pollution and hazardous effects on public health. The consumption and demand for energy is currently growing far greater than the amount of energy produced. To solve this serious problem, microbial integrated cell (MIC) is used. M.I.C is a plant microbial fuel cell (P-MFC). It harvests energy from bacteria, which is used as a catalyst to oxidize organic matters, through anaerobic fermentation. With the developing of traditional MFCs, there will be clean, available and suitable energy sources. Besides achieving our requirements of being efficient, eco-friendly and cheaper than the other resources, it can utilize the wastewater to generate green & renewable energy and produce clean drinkable water. MIC can also use byproducts of these reactions to produce not only electric current, but also hydrogen and methane gas. As a practical step, a prototype with locally available materials has been constructed for the project. Through tests conducted on the prototype to ensure that it meets our previously mentioned requirements, the results were positive in all these requirements. In conclusion, results' analysis represents the project's ability to provide sustainability and be applicable and centralized - can be implemented on large scales - in the future. The centralization process is regulated with an Arduino system.
Category: Biochemistry

Elements of Life

Authors: Philip Gibbs
Comments: 8 Pages.

Many of the elements in the periodic table plays a role in supporting life, either directly in biochemistry of indirectly in some supporting role. This is a catalogue of how each element is used.
Category: Biochemistry

Analytical Comparison Between Microhematocrit and Automated Methods for Packed Cell Volume (PCV) Determination

Authors: Audu I. Stephen, Simon T. Ubwa, Ogbene G. Igbum, Stephen S. Hati, NwannadiI.Alex
Comments: 4 Pages.

Analytical methods comparison for the determination of packed cell volume(PCV) are essential in clinical laboratory practice as it improves the quality of health care through accurate and reliable clinical decision making from diagnostic results of suitable alternatives. Comparison is necessary because each method is expected to serve as a quality control measure for the other. This study was done to assess the analytical performance between the Microhematocrit and automated methods for PCV determination. In this study carried out at the heamatology laboratory of the Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria, the Microhematocrit method determined by using the HC 702, (ApelCo. Ltd, Korea) was compared with the Automated hematology Analyzer method (KX-21N sysmex, USA) using paired data of blood samples analyzed respectively from 206 patients in the hospital. Data analysis was performed using Analyse-it ® Version 4.6 method validation software. The results showed that similar overall mean values of PCV were obtained by both microhematocrit (34.5±7.3%) and automated (34.3±6.8%) methods. Result of t-test analysis was not statistically significant (p= 0.135) between the overall measurements by both methods.
Category: Biochemistry

Augmentation of Anticoagulant Effect with Vitamin D: Possible Therapeutic Target for Venous Thromboembolism

Authors: Anindita Banerjee, Vineet Kumar Khemka
Comments: 5 Pages.

Venous thromboembolism is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the elderly. Arrays of risk factors altering the blood flow, endothelial function and coagulability have been identified. However, the precise mechanisms that trigger clotting in major veins have not been fully elucidated. Activation of endothelial cells by hypoxia or inflammatory stimuli results in surface expression of adhesion molecules that facilitate the binding of circulating leukocytes and microvesicles. Subsequent leukocyte activation induces the release of potent procoagulant tissue factor that triggers thrombosis. Aging, immobility, smoking, surgery, OCP intake, cancer etc predispose to stasis, increased coagulation factor levels, impaired function of the venous valves, decreases in the efficacy of natural anticoagulants associated with the vessel wall, increased risk of immobilization and increased risk of severe infection. Prophylaxis is both mechanical and pharmacological with anticoagulation being the mainstay of treatment. Thus, better understanding the mechanisms of venous thrombosis may lead to the development of new therapeutic / preventive modalities. Recently, vitamin D, the sunshine hormone, has been in the limelight due to some experimental and epidemiological evidences showing its antithrombotic actions by various mechanisms. With emerging data about the potential association of vitamin D as an antithrombotic agent, our review has dissected the recent evidences of vitamin D having any beneficial effect on the markers of thrombosis or improvement among patients with deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolidm(DVT/PE).
Category: Biochemistry

Sickle Cell Disease

Authors: Lavanya B
Comments: 1 Page.

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hereditary constant disorder. Peoples with the disease turn out abnormal hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells affix to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to all parts of the body. This irregular hemoglobin causes the red blood cells to become inflexible and sickle- cell shaped, which causes them to fix together and hunk the flow of blood and oxygen to the body. The disease results from a single mutation in the gene that codes one of the protein chains that make up the hemoglobin molecule. Hemoglobin is the main constituent of red blood cells and allows the cells to raise up oxygen from the lungs and drop it off in tissues throughout the body, from the brain to the muscles. The sickle alteration causes the red blood cells to make a tainted version of the hemoglobin that forces the red cell into a sickle shape when oxygen levels drop. The sickled red blood cells tangle together, overcrowding blood vessels throughout the body and causing severe pain and unfortunate health consequences.
Category: Biochemistry

A Genotyping and Phenotyping Study Concerning the Possible Effects of Some Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms on the Development of Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis

Authors: Ilker Ates, Asuman Karakaya, Sinan H. Suzen, Berran Yucesoy
Comments: 5 Pages.

Cytokines are important for playing a major role in several inflammatory reactions resulting in development of several diseases as well as Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis (CWP). Coal dust exposure stimulates inflammatory response leading to enhanced cytokine release from monocytes such as TNF-alpha and IL1. These released cytokines are the key points in the pathogenesis of CWP. The present study aimed to seek the cytokine gene profiles of Turkish coal workers by genotyping and phenotyping analysis of important CWP-related proinflammatory cytokines; TNF-alpha, IL1-alpha and IL1-beta. According to the genotyping results, TNFA –238 gene polymorphism was appeared to be a risk factor in development of CWP (OR=3.79) and regarding to the phenotyping analysis, both TNF-alpha and IL1 cytokine releases from the monocytes in CWP patients were enhanced significantly compared to the healthy workers. Therewithal, LPS and coal dust stimulated TNF-alpha release were higher significantly in allele 2 carriers than allele 1 carriers in both of the groups. These data propose that coal dust-induced TNF-alpha release from monocytes may be a valuable biomarker of CWP.
Category: Biochemistry

A T Cell Equation as a Conceptual Model of T Cell Responses for Maximizing the Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy

Authors: Haidong Dong, Yiyi Yan, Roxana S. Dronca, Svetomir N. Markovic
Comments: 5 Pages.

Following antigen stimulation, the net outcomes of a T cell response are shaped by integrated signals from both positive co-stimulatory and negative regulatory molecules. Recently, the blockade of negative regulatory molecules (i.e. immune checkpoint signals) demonstrates promising therapeutic effects in treatment of human cancers, but only in a fraction of cancer patients. Since this therapy is aimed to enhance T cell responses to cancers, here we devised a conceptual model by integrating both positive and negative signals in addition to antigen stimulation that can evaluate strategies to enhance T cell responses. A digital range of adjustment of each signal is formulated in our model for prediction of a final T cell response. Our model provides a rational combination strategy for maximizing the therapeutic effects of cancer immunotherapy.
Category: Biochemistry

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:Focusing on Therapy According to Classification

Authors: Fergun Yilmaz, Filiz Vural
Comments: 6 Pages.

AutoImmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) is a rare disease characterized by premature destruction of the red blood cells due to autoantibodies produced against erythrocyte antigens. Early destruction shortens the lifespan of the erythrocytes and causes anemia, the hallmark of the disease. It is a heterogeneous disease so the clinical presentation is diverse from a mild asymptomatic anemia to a refractory disease associated with mortality and morbidity. The different classifications are constituted to determine the prognosis and appropriate treatment strategy. It can be classified according the absence or presence of an underlying cause as primary or secondary. Another classification in AIHA is according to the type and thermal activity of the antibody as Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD) or warm AIHA. In CAD, rituximab monotherapy or combinations is the treatment of choice. In the warm AIHA, the steroid should be preferred as a first line therapy. In the steroid refractory or relapsed patients, rituximab or splenectomy can be chosen according to the patient’s characteristics and the experience of the doctor. Since treatment mainly depends on the subtype of the disease differential diagnosis between the subtypes becomes important. This review will be focused on the classification and the treatment of AIHAs according to subtypes.
Category: Biochemistry

Extraintestinal Involvements of Crohn’s Disease Complicated with Nocardia Bacterium: An Overview Due to A Case

Authors: Onur Özgenç, Seher Ayten Coşkuner, Hakan Evren, Meltem Avci
Comments: 4 Pages.

In this case report authors wanted to draw attention, to extraintestinal disorders of Crohn’s disease; an old disease known for more than a century, and to an emerging infectious pathogen Nocardia; a recently emphasized challanging species. A case of Crohn’s disease with complicated skin disorders, and acute compartment syndrome and cervical epidural abscess evolving due to Nocardia bacterium, has been discussed. The two medical entities, the Crohn’s disease with its extraintestinal involvements and nocardial infection with potential risk to cause disseminated infection especially in the immune compromised host, are the main subjects of this manuscript. In this respect, it is concluded that the patients with Crohn’s disease should be monitored closely for their extraintestinal involvements, and emerging and fastidious infections, so that the role of those infectious pathogens in the etiology of Crohn’s disease can be further investigated.
Category: Biochemistry

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Autoimmune Cytopenias: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

Authors: Fergun Yilmaz, Demet Kiper, Filiz Vural
Comments: 7 Pages.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a clonal proliferation of B cells in bone marrow, lymph nodes, peripheral blood, spleen and other lymphoid tissues. CLL is mostly associated with dysregulated immune system. Intrinsic immune dysfunction results in increased frequency of autoimmune disorders and susceptibility to infections at the time of diagnosis or during course of the disease. Autoimmune cytopenias especially Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) is observed frequently. AIHA is the most common immune cytopenia ranging between 5-10 % and it is followed by less frequent Immune Thrombocytopenia (IT) (1-5%). Autoimmune Neutropenia (AIN) and Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) are rare entities (<1%). In CLL patients, the differential diagnosis of autoimmune cytopenias is important since there are many confounding factors which may cause cytopenia in CLL patients such as infiltration of bone marrow by malignant cells, chemotherapy and infections. A careful diagnostic workup should be performed including history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The treatment of AIHA and IT is similar to their counter parts primary AIHA and IT where the steroids are the treatment of choice. In PRCA, steroids are mostly ineffective and immunosuppressive agents should be tried. AIN is a very rare entity in CLL patients. Granulocyte stimulating factors, immunosuppressive therapies may be options in symptomatic patients.
Category: Biochemistry

Platelet-Rich Fibrin as a New Approach in Treating Gingival Recession: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Authors: Reham AL Jasser, Hania AlKudmani, Sebastiano Andreana
Comments: 12 Pages.

The purpose was to systematically review the effect of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of Miller class I and II recession defects in comparison to conventional surgical procedures. Three electronic databases were searched, and hand search was performed for relevant articles, up to October 2015. All relevant articles were independently screened to specific inclusion criteria. Primary outcomes were Recession Depth (RD), Keratinized Tissue Width (KTW), and Percentage of Root Coverage (%RC). Secondary outcomes were Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Probing Depth (PD), Healing Index (HI), and Pain. Ten randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and seven were included in the meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference was found in %RC between Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) and CAF + PRF or between CAF + Connective Tissue Graft (CAF + CTG) and CAF + PRF (p = 0.17 and p = 0.56) respectively. A borderline statistical difference was observed between CAF and CAF + PRF (p = 0.05), and no statistically significance difference between CAF + CTG and CAF + PRF (p = 0.23) in KTW. In regards to pain and healing, a significant reduction in pain during the first 5-7 days and faster healing observed in the PRF intervention when compared to the use of CTG or Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD). In conclusion, there was no statistical or clinical difference present between PRF and CAF, CAF + CTG, or CAF + EMD for RD, %RC and KTW when treating Miller class I and II gingival recession. Significant improvement of postoperative pain and healing can be achieved, which may indicate PRF use as an alternative to conventional surgical approaches.
Category: Biochemistry

Assessment of Occlusal Contacts Leading to Orthodontic Relapse. A Case Study

Authors: Svitlana Koval
Comments: 4 Pages.

The probable mechanism of the orthodontic relapse was described in the article. T-scan III occlusal analysis system was used to examine occlusal contacts in post-orthodontic patient according to the author’s protocol.
Category: Biochemistry

Dental Biofilm and Saliva Biochemical Composition Changes in Young Orthodontic Patients

Authors: Shady Ahmed Moussa, Hany Gameil Gobran, Mohamed Ahmed Salem, Ibrahim Farouk Barkat
Comments: 5 Pages.

Saliva and dental biofilm of children with orthodontic treatment may be associated with high risk factors that increase incidence of caries development in this population. Aim:To assess the dental biofilm and saliva biochemical composition of young fixed orthodontic patients. Design:The sample comprised 64 participants between 12 to 18 years of age, of whom 32 had fixed orthodontic treatment as study group and 32 did not as a control group. Supragingival biofilm samples were collected from all teeth of all participants by using sterile curettes. The level of insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (IEPS)Calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (Pi) concentrations in dental biofilm was measured using phenol sulphuric acid colorimetric method. The estimated unstimulated salivary flow, pH, buffering capacity and count of Streptococcal Mutants were determined on selective media of all participants.
Category: Biochemistry

Gender Variation in Pattern of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction

Authors: Obuekwe ON, Enabulele JE
Comments: 4 Pages.

A tooth is said to be impacted when it is obstructed on its path of eruption with the most commonly impacted tooth being the third molar. Various factors have been reported to cause obstruction in the path of eruption of the third molar and these include adjacent tooth, bone as well as soft tissue. Lack of space in the dental arch for the third molar to emerge as well as pathological lesions, stunted growth of tooth germ following nutritional deficiency, irradiation and physical trauma have been implicated in the etiology of third molar impaction [1]. There are varying reports regarding the prevalence of impacted third molars. Impacted third molars are more likely to occur in the mandible than in the maxilla [2,3].However, studies have consistently shown that mesioangular impaction is the most common angulations of impaction of mandibular third molars [1,2,4-6]. A few studies [4,6-8] tried to determine if there are any gender variations in mandibular third molar impaction with varying reports about the association of gender with third molar impaction. Previous studies [2,4] reported no statistically significant difference between gender and mandibular third molar impaction while another study [9] reported significant association between gender and number of impacted teeth as well as the presence of impacted mandibular teeth. With the varying reports regarding the association of gender to third molar impaction, this study was designed to determine the gender variation in mandibular third molar impaction among a group of Nigerian dental patients.
Category: Biochemistry

Emphasizing Minimally Invasive Strategies for Improved Dental Care of Children

Authors: Robert L. Karlinsey
Comments: 3 Pages.

In the spirit of National Children’s Dental Health Month, this paper highlights a few strategies that can be used to promote effective management of dental care for children, including fluoride modalities, effective dentist-patient communication, and minimally invasive recommendations for handling enamel lesions; in short, these strategies may serve to provide the child with a more patientcentered approach to improved oral care. At the same time, such management may potentially save the child’s tooth structure from potentially counter-productive solutions involving ‘drill and fill’.
Category: Biochemistry

Laparoscopic Removal of a Migrated Intra Uterine Device Embedded in the Anterior Abdominal Wall in Yaounde (Cameroon), a Third World Country

Authors: Bang Guy Aristide, Nana Oumarou Blondel, Nong Libend Gilles Thierry, Noah Noah Dominique, Savom Eric Patrick
Comments: 3 Pages.

Uterine perforation is a serious complication which can happen after intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. Following the uterine rupture, an IUD may migrate into gynecologic, urinary or gastro-intestinal system organs. There are many reports of migrated iuds but fewer report of iuds embedded in the abdominal wall. Laparoscopic removal of a migrated IUD wasn’t yet described in our country For more information : https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/
Category: Biochemistry

Controversies in Pregnancy Management after Prenatal Diagnosis of a Twin Pregnancy Discordant for Trisomy 21 Diagnosed by Cell-Free Fetal DNA Testing

Authors: Emine Cetin, Tamina Rawnaq, Boris Schulze-Koenig, Moritz Doebert, Panagiota Zoi, Peter Schwaerzler
Comments: 3 Pages.

Background: Current preliminary data is advocating cfDNA testing in twin pregnancies since both increasing use of ART and higher maternal ages have raised the incidence of (discordant) aneuploidies. Procedures and findings:This report is raising ethical implications deriving from a twin pregnancy discordant for trisomy 21 conceived from egg donation and diagnosed by cfDNA testing after low risk conventional first-trimester screening. For More Information : https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/
Category: Biochemistry

Giant Oocytes with Two Meiotic Spindles and Two Polar Bodies: Report of Two Cases

Authors: Baris Baykal, Cem Korkmaz, Muhterem Bahçe, Cihangir Mutlu Ercan, Temel Ceyhan
Comments: 3 Pages.

With the advent of IVF technology, the terms normal and abnormal oocytes have been defined and one type of abnormal oocyte is the “giant oocyte”. Giant oocytes are defined to have a 30% larger diameter and twice the volume of normal oocytes[1,2]. Giant oocyte is a rarery observed phenomenon among humans and embryos may develop from these oocytes [2,3].The first hypothesis for the mechanism of their formation is cytoplasmic fusion of two oogonia and the second one is the lack of cytokinesis during mitotic divisions in an oogonium [4]. Fertilization and progression of a giant oocyte is suspected to be the cause of digynic triploidy, which is defined as triploidy with two maternal and one paternal complements [5]. In this case report, we present two giant oocytes, each shown to have two meiotic spindles via visualization by polarization microscope. Because giant oocytes can develop into embryos that are morphologically normal, but genetically abnormal, an embryologist has to be aware of this phenomenon. For this reason, the scientific aim of this report is to present the polarization microscopic properties of giant oocytes and increase the awareness of such oocytes among embryologists.
Category: Biochemistry

Risk Factors for Preterm Birth among Women Who Delivered Preterm Babies at Bugando Medical Centre, Tanzania

Authors: Josephine J. Rugaimukam, Michael J. Mahande, Sia E. Msuya, Rune N. Philemon
Comments: 7 Pages.

Background: Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality globally. Infants who are born preterm suffer long term health consequences. There only few studies done on risk factors for prematurity in Tanzania. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for preterm birth among women who delivered preterm babies at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods:A matched case-control study was conducted at the Bugando Medical Centre from May to June 2015. A total of 50 women with preterm birth (cases) were matched with 50 women who had term births (controls). Cases were matched with controls by date of delivery. We excluded mothers with multiple gestations and those who were sick and unsuitable for the interview. A structured questionnaire was used to collected relevant information from all participants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were estimated in a multivariate regression model to determine factors associated with preterm delivery.
Category: Biochemistry

Pregnancy, Exercise and Late Effects in the Offspring until Adult Age

Authors: Jana Pařízková
Comments: 6 Pages.

Maternal exercise during pregnancy as one of the critical periods can have significant delayed effect in the offsprring’s fetal imprinting of future development until adult age; adequate and voluntary exercise is provided, not a forced one as a stress. Spontaneous physical activity of the offspring until adult age can be increased, and body composition, cardiac micro structure and reactibility (greater resistance to noxi), vasomotor function, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity along with related diseases (diabetes) can be positively influenced. Bone development and also the enhancement of brain function and learning sensitivity can be improved as revealed in a number of experimental model animal studies. Exercise during pregnancy was also shown to compensate in the offspring the detrimental effect of inadequate, e.g. high fat diets. Possibility of introducing significant modifications of the programming of the offspring’s desirable development and health status by adequate and physiological maternal exercise during pregnancy was supported also by some observations in humans.
Category: Biochemistry

The Role of Veterinarians in a Foundation for Elderly Dogs

Authors: Ronald Lagoe, Alyssa Chandler, Christine Berry
Comments: 2 Pages.

In recent years, interest in the care of elderly dogs has increased in the United States. Advances in veterinary medicine have prolonged the life spans of the animals that it supports. The needs of elderly dogs have generated interest among many specialties within veterinary medicine. These include internal medicine, surgery, anesthesiology, neurology, orthopedics, dermatology, and ophthalmology. This process has occurred in university teaching hospitals and private practices. This evolution of clinical practice has been supported by funding from veterinary providers and dog owners. Unlike in the case of human health care, this has not been accompanied by the development of large third party payers. As a result, a number of relatively small insurance plans and private organizations have emerged to address these needs.
Category: Biochemistry

Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal (Molm) on the Growth, Carcass, Heamatology and Biochemical Parameters of Rabbits

Authors: Ghomsi MOS, Enow JT, Etchu KA, Tientcheu BL, Enamou G, Chouengouong TM, Mongo BG, Bayemi PH
Comments: 5 Pages.

An experiment was conducted with 30 mixed bred rabbits (6 to 8 weeks old) averaging 592g to assess the performance, haematology, serum biochemistry, carcass and organ weights of growing rabbits fed graded levels of dried Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal (MOLM) of 0%, 25%, and 50%, as a replacement of Soya Bean Meal (SBM) and groundnut cake in 8-week feeding trial. Feed consumption and weight gain were monitored. Blood samples were collected from the animals through the ear vein for haematology and serum biochemistry, while weight of cut parts and visceral organs were collected from the animals after they were stunned and sacrificed after the 8-week feeding trials and weighed. Results showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the value obtained for weight gain, feed conversion ratio, total protein and White Blood Cell (WBC). While the results of carcass and organ weight showed significant (P < 0.05) difference in values obtained for live weight, dress weight spleen, head and kidney. While there was no significant difference among the blood constants (VGM and MCHC). Among the leukocyte differential counts examined, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils were not significantly different among the dietary treatments. The results suggest that MOLM possess good dietary protein quality for optimal growth of rabbits and be incorporated in the rabbit’s diets up to 25% inclusion levels without any detrimental effects on the performance, haematology, serum biochemistry and carcass and organ weights of growing rabbits.
Category: Biochemistry

Effect of Month and Season of Birth on Milk Quantity and Quality of Holstein Friesian Cows in Kabul Bini Hisar Dairy Farm

Authors: Shaour Gul Faqiri, Gul Mohammad Tanin
Comments: 4 Pages.

AEffect of calving month and season on productive traits of Holstein dairy cows. In Kabul Bini Hisar Dairy farm. Productive data on 305 days lactation period for 49 Holstein dairy cows, which were collected during one month from dairy cattle in Beni Hisar Farm in Kabul province using recorded data from 1389 to 1392 years, were used to estimate the effect of calving month and season for the purpose of estimating the correlation between milk yield, fat production and fat percentage of the Holstein dairy cows. General linear model (GLM) procedure and SPSS software were used for the estimation of the effect calving month and seasons. The results showed calving month influenced significantly on productive traits (P < 0.05). The greatest milk and fat production (kg) were observed in dairy cows that calved in December. In addition, dairy cows that calved in October had the greatest fat percentage totally, the results showed, animals that calved in fall season had greater performance than the others. Naturally, milk production of these animals reached production peak in winter when the weather and nutritional conditions are suitable for production.
Category: Biochemistry

The Prevalence of Coxofemoral Osteoarthritis in Small Dog Breeds and HD Screening in Cairn Terries A Clinical Radiological Study

Authors: Jens Arnbjerg
Comments: 5 Pages.

Background: The prevalence of coxofemoral osteoarthritis being very high, > 40 %, in some large dog breeds. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of osteoarthritic changes in the hip joints in small dog breeds and study the clinical relevance of Hip Dysplasia scoring in Cairn Terries in Denmark. Methods: In a five-year-period study of 2423 small dog breeds (< 15 kg) at the University Hospital, Copenhagen the prevalence of osteoarthritis in the hip joints was calculated A full clinical examination was performed and hip joint radiographs taken in 18 Cairn Terriers, earlier officially scored for hip dysplasia by The Danish Kennel Club, 13 of them with a score of C, D or E respectively
Category: Biochemistry

Effect of Natural Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection on Carcass Yield and Characteristics of Sudan Desert Sheep

Authors: Nazik Z Eisa, Salih A Babiker, Hamid S Abdalla
Comments: 7 Pages.

This study was conducted to detect the effect of natural gastrointestinal parasitic infection along with age and level of energy on the carcass yield and characteristics of Sudan Desert sheep. Forty-eight lambs were divided into eight groups of 6 animals each and fattened for 60 days. A total of twenty four animals (3 from each group) were selected for slaughter at the end of the fattening process. The study revealed significant differences in slaughter weights (P < 0.05), carcass weights (P < 0.05) and carcass characteristics. Both hot and cold empty body weights and dressing percentages were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by internal parasitic infection and dietary energy level. Wholesale cuts yields and loin composition were not significantly affected by infection except for muscle percentage (P < 0.05).
Category: Biochemistry

Liposomes and Nanotechnology in Drug Development: Focus On Pancreatic Cancer

Authors: Abdul Malik, Jin Wei, Abdul Raheem, Walidullah Adil, Lei Cui, Ji-Xiang Chen, Jian-Guo Qu, Min Gu, Sheng-Chun Dang
Comments: 10 Pages.

Pancreatic cancer usually has high morbidity and mortality and rests one of the most challenging cancers to treat. 5 years survival rate is less than 6 percent overall for people with pancreatic cancer, because of very late diagnosis and absence of effective treatment. In a western world, pancreatic tumor is the fourth most common cause of death in a western world. The pancreatic tumor needs selective delivery of drugs to target cells, with no side effects is major goals of the recent investigations for the real treatment of the pancreatic tumor. Medication which targets pancreatic tumor cells specially and carriers which deliver medications to specific cells which are quickly dividing, development of these kind drugs is considered as magic for the management of pancreatic cancer. In latest years, liposomes and nanotechnology can show a vital character in the treatment of pancreatic tumor. Liposomes contain multiple characteristics, such as the ability to protect the material from degradation, the capacity for encapsulating many materials and capability for delivering materials intracellularly fusion with plasma membrane. Nanoparticles as a carrier offer a new style of delivery of the medications to target cells of a tumor and allow drugs for the binding to tumor cell membrane, to cytoplasmic and to nuclear receptor sites. It delivers high medication concentrations to specific cells with few side effects to other normal tissues. The general importance of this evaluation is to increase overall understanding of development of the therapeutic nanomedicine for the treatment of pancreatic tumors, agents delivered by nanoliposomes, liposomal nanomedicine in targeting cancer and safety issues.
Category: Biochemistry

Α Cost of Illness Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Greece

Authors: Athanasakis K, Pliarchopoulou F, Reppas L, Brountzos E, Filippiadis D, Foukas P, Sidiropoulos O, Kyriopoulos J, Boumpas D, Chounta A
Comments: 3 Pages.

Background/Objective: Although often called a “silent disease”, HBV entails a significant disease and financial burden for the health system. An attempt to provide detailed estimates of the direct cost of this – rather neglected – disease in Greece comprised the objective of this study. Methods: The medical records of 254 patients diagnosed with HBV and monitored in the Hepatology Unit of the ‘Attikon’ university hospital provided the basis for the analysis. Detailed resource use data (physician visits, medications, labwork, and hospitalizations) were derived from the patients’ records for a retrospective 12month period, before their most recent visit to the clinic. Calculations followed a third-party payer perspective, according to official prices and tariffs, and are expressed in year 2015 Euros.
Category: Biochemistry

Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Patients Related Liver Cirrhosis in a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital, Duhok, Iraqi Kurdistan

Authors: Muayad A Merza
Comments: 5 Pages.

Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) related to liver cirrhosis is an advanced liver fibrosis that is usually progressive, irreversible, and the only option for the treatment is liver transplantation in selected patients Objectives: to examine the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with the chronic HBV related to cirrhosis. Methods: The viral hepatitis clinic in Azadi Teaching Hospital is dealing with all viral hepatitis cases. All patients with liver cirrhosis caused by chronic HBV infection were studied. Demographic, clinical and laboratory information of the patients were retrieved by interviewing and from the case notes of September in 2014 until December in 2016. Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) classification was used to evaluate the prognosis of liver cirrhosis. The results obtained were analyzed by entering the data into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. A value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Category: Biochemistry

Does Aberrant Hepatic Arterial Anatomy Affect Resection Margin Status In Pancreaticoduodenectomy For Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma?

Authors: Patrick E Casey, Snehal Lapsia, Rosanna De Souza, Kariem El hadd, Zaria Ali, Ambareen Kausar, David Chang, Colin A Harris, Daren A Subar
Comments: 5 Pages.

Aims: Resection margin status impacts on survival after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study aims to assess the incidence and association between aberrant hepatic arterial anatomy and resection margin status. Methodology: This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 2007 and 2012. Patient demographics, pathology data, and resection margin status (R) were analysed. Arterial anatomy based on contrast enhanced computed tomography as per Michels classification was delineated.
Category: Biochemistry

Primary Hepatic Leiomyosarcoma A Space Occupying Lesion in the Liver: An Enigma for Diagnosis

Authors: Rajdeep B More, Irfan A Shera, Sitendu K Patel, Ashwini Kumar Setya, Vivek Raj
Comments: 3 Pages.

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma are rare soft tissue sarcomas with about only about 60 cases reported in the English literature [1]. Due to its rare existence and less studied, the diagnostic algorithms and standards of care have not been adequately defined. This has led to a delayed diagnosis and subsequently a poor prognosis and survival of such patients. We herein present a 72 year old lady with primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma treated with chemotherapy and attempt to delineate the line of management after reviewing the medical literature. Primary Hepatic Leiomyosarcoma is a rare primary hepatic malignancy which is usually a diagnosis of exclusion. The standard treatment guidelines are yet to be established; large cohort database is needed for better understanding of disease behaviour and management.
Category: Biochemistry

Electrospinning of Guar Gum/Corn Starch Blends

Authors: Weiqiao Yang, Ana MM Sousa, Xihong Li, Peggy M Tomasula, LinShu Liu
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this study, electrospun nanofibers were prepared for the first time, from aqueous blends of guar gum (GG) and corn starch with amylose contents of 27.8% (CS28) and 50% (CS50). The fiber morphology and fiber diameter sizes (FDS) were correlated with solution rheology. The spinning solutions were prepared with 3 wt% total concentration and mass ratios ranging from 4:1 to 1:4 GG/CS. The GG alone (3 wt%) was highly viscous and predominantly elastic (G’>G’’) over the range of tested frequencies. Both CS were effective rheological modifiers that facilitated the electrospinning process. Partial substitution of GG by CS decreased solution viscosity and moved the elastic plateau (G’=G’’) to higher frequencies resulting in improved fiber morphology and defectfree nanofibers with uniform FDS at an optimal GG/CS ratio of 2:1 for CS28 and of 1:1 for CS50. The sonication of CS50 prior to blending with GG was important to eliminate nanofiber defects. GG and CS are costattractive options to produce 100% food-grade electrospun nanofibers with potential to encapsulate active food ingredients and be used to develop functional foods and other active food systems.
Category: Biochemistry

Making the Nitrification Inhibitor with LatexChitosan Raw Material for Agricultural Fertilizers Products

Authors: Sudirman Habibie, Moh Hamzah, Ade Sholeh Hidayat, Eryanti Kalembang, Jaudin, Diah Ayu Fitriani
Comments: 5 Pages.

Fertilizer is one of the priorities for the agricultural industry and it contributes about 15 to 30% in the cost structure of rice farming. Capacity of national urea production in Indonesia is about 8 million tons per year while the needs are about 9 million tons per year. According to the Ministry of Industry in 2015 urea production can be increased by 6% from the previous national urea production capacity. On the use of fertilizers in the field, however, lost of nutrients during fertilization in the field (paddy) occurs a lot, so the efficiency of fertilizer use is reduced partly due to nitrification and urease. Therefore, it needs innovation and technological development of efficient agricultural fertilizer currently need to modify fertilizers with coating technology of nitrification inhibitor on the surface of the fertilizer granules. In this study the nature polymers (latex and chitosan) are used as a raw material nitrification inhibitors, several studies have shown that chitosan has a performance as anti bacteria that can be applied in agriculture. The study of a material generally involves the characterization by SEM and FT-IR to determine the characteristics micrographics and molecular bonding group of materials including latex-chitosan. The results of the study nitrification inhibitor made from latex-derived chitosan found that optimum formula of latex-chitosan mixture is sample with the mixture of latex 20% and chitosan 80% and be compatible with the surface of agricultural fertilizer granule, and a layer of latex-chitosan capable of strengthening the structure of fertilizer granules when tested in water for 3 months. This latex-chitosan based fertilizer shown as slow release fertilizer (urea and NPK) and resistant to moisture.
Category: Biochemistry

Investigation on Photoluminescence Behaviour of 2, 3-Diphenylquinoxalin-6-Vinyl Benzaldehyde

Authors: R Padma, M Sathiya, S Guhanathan
Comments: 6 Pages.

Poly (p-phenylene vinylene) is one of the most important classes of conjugated polymers, with a wide range of applications, such as lightemitting diodes, optoelectronic devices etc. Electroluminescence from OLEDs arises from the radioactive decay of excitation generated by the recombination of electrons and holes injection from two opposite electrodes into the emissive polymer layer. Quinoxaline is a useful n-type building block with high electron affinity and good thermal stability. It has been successfully incorporating small molecules to find utility as electron transport materials in multilayer OLEDs based on PPV. Hence, vinyl benzaldehyde containing quinoxaline derivatives was synthesized using 6-methyl-2, 3-diphenylquinoxaline with terephthaldicarboxaldehyde via Wittig reaction. The structures of synthesised compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1 H, 13C, 31P-NMR, and MASS spectral data. The result of photoluminescence studies showed that vinyl benzaldehyde capped quinoxaline exhibited green emission maxima at shorter wavelengths of 454nm.
Category: Biochemistry

An Insight into the Capability of Composite Technology to Enable Magnesium to Spread its Wings in Engineering and Biomedical Applications

Authors: Gupta M
Comments: 2 Pages.

Nature has various ways to inspire humans through a lot of its creations that researchers in different disciplines are trying to understand and mimic in order to enhance current state of technology and quality of life. From materials perspective, nature uses composites in its creations involving plants and animals with bone as a classical example.
Category: Biochemistry

Polyvinyl Alcohol-Nanobioceramic Based Drug Delivery System

Authors: Shameem Shaik, Seethalakshmi K, Kaviya M, Venkatachalapathy B, Sridhar TM
Comments: 6 Pages.

Drug delivery research today is an advanced and important area in pharmaceutical research and application of nanotechnology includes enhancement of the solubility and permeability of the drugs so as to improve their bioavailability including delivery to the targeted site. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) based bioceramic nanoparticles composed of biodegradable polymers have been used in the present work to develop an amoxicillin based delivery systems. The synthesized n-HAP powders were estimated for the Ca/p ratio. This ratio indicates the presence of HAP as a single phase. The nano structure, morphology and presence of vibrational groups are con- firmed using instrumental analysis. The SEM images show the spherical shaped particles of nano hydroxyapatite are confirmed. The loading and unloading characteristics of the drug were recorded spectro photometrically.
Category: Biochemistry

When Were Hydrocarbons Really Formed?

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages. 1 MS paint diagram

Establishment dogma has a false worldview, which compounds into hundreds of false smaller theories, models and guesses. They accept that hydrocarbons found in oil and natural gas form as a by-product of decaying life. This is false. Oil and natural gas formed alongside the beginning formation of life itself. It can even be argued that oil/natural gas formed even slightly before life began. This would render the accepted decaying organic material dogma false. Explanation is provided.
Category: Biochemistry

Why not a Stress Test in an Asymptomatic Person? “The World is Drowning…….”

Authors: Sonia Mishra, Ajay Mishra, Jagdish P Mishra
Comments: 4 Pages.

While growing up, I remember someone telling me a poignant story: “Once a teenager was drowning in a river, he started to yell, “Help me; help me, the world is drowning...........” Well, I will come back to this story at the end of this article... The really so very pertinent question in Medicine is: Should we do any test when someone is asymptomatic? In Cardiology, the very simple question to be asked is: “Do we need to do a stress test when a person is asymptomatic?” Whether that person is truly asymptomatic or not is altogether a different kind of question, however most of the guidelines (US, European and others) state not to do a stress test when a person is asymptomatic (Class III Indication). You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Diagnosis and Management of Infective Endocarditis in Patient with Ventricular Septal Defect: A Report of Clinical Case from Dakar, Senegal

Authors: Mohamed Leye, Momar Dioum, Adama Sawadogo, Modibo Doumbia, Joseph Mingou, Dominique Bindia, Arame Diagne Diallo, Magalie Kaya, Simon Manga, Kadia Ba, Ousmane Dieye, Ibrahima Bara Diop
Comments: 3 Pages.

Infective Endocarditis (IE) due to Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rare serious complication in the patients with congenital heart diseases. The authors report a case of pneumococcal endocarditis in a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with VSD. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Efficacy of High-Resolution Epicardial Ultrasonography in Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors: Masaya Oi, Ryuji Higashita, Noboru Ishikawa
Comments: 2 Pages.

In cardiovascular surgery, it is important to identify the target vessel and to assess the quality of vascular structure. Preoperative enhanced computed tomography (CT) and angiography give us that information; however, we sometimes encounter difficulties due to limitation of those preoperative examinations. Intraoperative use of 15-MHz high-frequency epicardial ultrasound with small probe has a great potential to detect small vessels and it will give us benefits in cardiovascular operations, especially coronary artery bypass surgery You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Massive Bleeding After Median Sternotomy: Case Report of an Infrequent Complication of Infective Endocarditis

Authors: Laura Varela Barca, Jose Lopez Menendez, Ana Redondo Palacios, Jorge Rodriguez Roda Stuart
Comments: 3 Pages.

bstract We report an unusual complication of acute infective endocarditis, found in a 70 year-old man with a previous history of two cardiac surgery procedures. The first one was a full root replacement (BentallDe Bono procedure), associated with three bypasses (one mammary and two vein grafts). The second procedure was a mitral valve replacement through a right thoracotomy ought to native mitral valve endocarditis. In the current admission, echocardiography showed a periaortic abscess (Figure 1) and severe prosthetic mitral valve insufficiency. CT scan showed a big collection in the anterior mediastinal space adjacent to the composite graft (Figure 2), which was suspected to be purulent material. A third surgical intervention was programmed despite the extreme surgical risk. During the median sternotomy, a massive bleeding occurred. It was originated in the mediastinal collection, which truly was a collection of contained bleeding, originated in the 10 yearsold anastomosis of the saphenous vein to the composite graft, which was completely detached due to endocarditic involvement of the aortic graft. The institution of cardiopulmonary bypass before sternal opening enabled the surgical team to maintain a stable hemodynamic situation and to continue the procedure satisfactorily. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Total Artificial Heart as the Destination Therapy: A Review

Authors: Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Salman Assad, Maryam Khan, Saba Ahmed, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Sriharsha Chakravarthi Athota, Jonathan Constantin
Comments: 6 Pages.

Introduction: For the patients awaiting cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support has been widely utilized in the form of left ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. Both total artificial heart and left ventricular assist device have been approved for the use as a bridge to transplantation therapy; however only left ventricular assist device has been approved for use as the destination therapy. The purpose of this review is to establish, using this literature, the possibility for the artificial heart transplant to be used as destination therapy besides highlighting the recent developments in this area of research in order to narrate the future of artificial heart transplantation. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Vascular Effects of Cannabis: Case Report and Review of Literature

Authors: Homa Timlin, Kirthi Machireddy, Luc Nguyen, Hilda T Draeger
Comments: 3 Pages.

Marijuana is the 3rd most popular recreational drug and the use of recreational and medical marijuana has been legalized in several states. Knowledge of both acute and chronic adverse effects of cannabis is essential when counseling the public. We report 2 cases who developed arteritis and Raynaud’s as a squeal of long term cannabis use and provide a literature review. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Renal and Paraspinal Mass in a Patient with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: Does Biopsy of one Mass Reflect Pathology in the other

Authors: Homa Timlin, Michael Phillips, Jeremy Hackworth, Duvuru Geetha
Comments: 2 Pages.

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) is a necrotizing vacuities affecting medium and small sized blood vessels and produces necrotizing granulomas often involving the upper and lower respiratory tract . GPA can present as tumor like masses in the breast and kidney. However, an association between GPA and renal cell cancer has also been reported. We report a GPA patient who presented with abdominal pain and was found to have a renal and paraspinal mass which were biopsied revealing two distinct pathologic entities. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Pseudo-Pseudo Meigs’ Syndrome in Rheumatology

Authors: Vitorino Modesto dos Santos
Comments: 1 Page.

The Meigs’ Syndrome (MS) described in 1937 by Meigs and Cass was characterized by benign ovarian fibroma, ascites and hydrothorax that resolve after the tumor removal. Peritoneal and pleural fluids of the patients originally with MS were transudates. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Needle Versus Forceps Technique in Ultrasound-Guided Synovial Biopsy of the Knee Joint

Authors: Thomas Hügle, Piotr Urbaniak, Magdalena Müller-Gerbl, Christian Marx, Giorgio Tamborrini
Comments: 3 Pages.

Objectives: Ultrasound-guided synovial biopsy is increasingly applied in rheumatology. Usually forceps- or needle-based techniques are used. So far there has been no direct comparison of different devices regarding their suitability in high resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound (hrMSUS)-guided synovial biopsy. Methods: A core needle biopsy (Quickcore, Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA), an anterograde arthroscopy forceps (Karl Storz GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany), a retrograde forceps (Retroforce, KarlStorz GmbH Tuttlingen, Germany) and an convexly shaped integrated core needle system (Synovex, Hipp Medical, Kolbingen, Germany) were tested for ultrasound-guided synovial biopsy of the suprapatellar recess in cadaver knee joints. Four senior rheumatologists scored each intervention from 0-5 regarding the following characteristics: visualization, handiness, accuracy, synovial tissue yield, invasiveness and overall suitability. Each intervention was recorded as static images and video clips. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Myelomeningocele as Newborn Complication of Lupus Patient. a Singular Case.

Authors: TMSc. Urbano Solis Cartas, MSc. Guillermo Gualpa Jaramillo, Dr.C. Pablo Djabayan Djibeyan, MSc. Lilia del Carmen Villavicencio Narváez
Comments: 4 Pages.

Introduction: pregnancy is considered a risk in patients with rheumatic diseases. The relationship between pregnancy and rheumatic diseases is colored by exacerbation or remission of the disease and possible effects of pregnancy and your final product. Disorders of neural tube development are the second largest group of congenital malformations, with the myelomeningocele is one of the most common malformations. Case presentation: the case of a newborn with myelomeningocele, the son of a female patient of 27 years diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus 4 years of evolution is presented. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Tropical Infection Induced Hemophagocytic LymphoHistiocytosis

Authors: Pannu AK, Sharma N
Comments: 4 Pages.

Tropical infections include Dengue, Malaria, Scrub Typhus, Leptospirosis, Typhoid and some other fevers, lead to high morbidity and mortality. Many of these cases have multi-organ dysfunction and require intensive care unit care. Hemophagocytic LymphoHistiocytosis (HLH), represent a severe hyper-inflammatory condition, can complicate the clinical course of tropical fevers. Methods: Here we report the clinico-pathological features, laboratory data, treatment and outcome of 3 cases of tropical fever (2 scrub typhus and 1 dengue) complicated by HLH. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Dermatomyositis as Initial Presentation of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: a Case Report and Review of Literature

Authors: Pannu AK, Varma SC
Comments: 3 Pages.

The increased incident of malignancy is well established in patients with inflammatory myopathies and specifically in Dermatomyositis (DM). However, the association between DM and Hodgkin’s Disease (HD) is very unusual. We have recently had the opportunity of observing a patient who manifested the clinical features of DM and found to have HD after a detailed work up. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Aplastic Anemia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a Better Prognosis Acquired Aplastic Anemia

Authors: Pannu AK, Varma SC
Comments: 2 Pages.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is an uncommon hematologic manifestation of systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) with significant difference in the course and outcome from other forms of acquired AA due to underlying immune mediated mechanism of the disease. Here we report a case of SLE with thrombocytopenia at presentation and later evolved to develop pancytopenia with bone marrow aplasia. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Warfarin Related Nephropathy: a Case Report from a Tertiary Hospital of North India and Review of Literature

Authors: Pannu AK, Vohra G, Agarwal P
Comments: 3 Pages.

Warfarin is the most widely used anticoagulant to treat or prevent thrombotic complications since its approval in the 1950s. Bleeding is the most common complication of warfarin and the risk increases sharply with the International Normalized Ratio (INR). Warfarin Related Nephropathy (WRN) is a newly recognised disease entity and an undiagnosed complication of warfarin. It occurs with over anticoagulation and is associated with increased renal morbidity and all cause mortality. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Farmers Perception on Fungicide Use for Developing Sustainable Environment and Conservation of Biodiversity: A Study in Cooch Behar District of India

Authors: Ganesh Das
Comments: 4 Pages.

Fungicide was essential for control of infestation of fungus on different crop. Farmers were use different type of fungicide on crop field. Their perception on fungicide use may be different. Different government and private organisation took initiative to aware the farmer about the use of fungicide. But still a problem was found by Cooch Behar Krishi Vigyan Kendra that farmer perception of fungicides use were not homogeneous and the different sources of information may be use by the farmers for fungicide application. So a study was conducted at Gopalpur village in Cooch Behar district, West Bengal, India to know the farmer perception on fungicide use and sources of information utilize for fungicide application. The data were collected during June, 2016. The research design was followed in the study was survey research method. The sample size of the study was 100.The dependent variable of this study was perception and independent variables were age, gender, number of family member, caste, land holding, education, annual income and sources of information. The descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, Pearson’s product moment correlation and other statistical tools were used for the investigation. This study had shown the relation of the perception of fungicide use with the different independent variable and the role of different extension mechanism for fungicide information providing. It was concluded from the study that farmers’ perception of fungicide use were not homogeneous and the different socio-economic variable may affect the perception of the farmers on fungicide use. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Evaluation of Different Crop Sequence Production Potential, Economics and Nutrient Balance under New Alluvial Situation Of NEPZ

Authors: Dhiman Mukherjee
Comments: 5 Pages.

A field experiment was conducted during 2014-16 at Kalyani, under the aegis of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidayalayathe to evaluate the most profitable and efficient cropping systems for indogangetic belt of west Bengal. Treatment comprised of 14 cropping sequence system tested in randomized block design with three replications. For comparison between crop sequences, the yields of all crop sequences were converted into rice equivalent on price basis. With various treatments, more rice equivalent yield was observed with rice-mung sequence (5897 kg/ha), and was significantly higher than rest of the sequence during kharif season and was at par with the maize-wheat (5868 kg/ha), chilly- wheat (5694 kg/ha) and maizecabbage (5503 kg/ha) system. This tested crop sequence resulted in 21.9, 21.3, 17.7 and 13.7 % more grain yield over traditional practice of rice- wheat system, which is most dominant in this region. However, during Rabi season rice- potato (6613 kg/ha), gave significantly more economic yield compare to all other cropping pattern. This sequence resulted in 128.1 % more rice equivalent grain yield over traditional practice of rice- wheat system. Further, rice - cauliflower sequence gave the highest net return (Rs. 97.58 thousand/ha), followed by rice – chickpea (Rs. 88.69 thousand/ha) and rice – mung (Rs. 84.36 thousand/ha). Higher benefit: cost ratio was obtained from ricemung (2.23) and was just followed by chilly –wheat (2.22) and ricecauliflower (2.19) cropping sequence. Present work revealed that, productivity, profitability and sustainable yield index were higher under rice – cauliflower and rice – mung cropping sequence then the traditional rice –wheat sequence. Further, overall nutrient mining by this system was quite low compared to other sequences and suitable under this zone. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Supply Chains and Rural Communities: Applying Terroir to American Rural Development

Authors: Joseph Molnar, Jolene Glenn
Comments: 5 Pages.

Terroir is a French concept establishing the natural ecology, cultural history, and social organizations of a community create unique agricultural food products. This paper outlines the conceptual foundation for quality promotion in the in the supply chain of geographically differentiated agricultural products. It identifies production processes and pressures determining the current and potential change shaping the commodity chain. It delineates who and how value is added though all stages of production from farm to consumer. The significance of these types of crops in terms of economic as well as cultural value warrants high investment in insuring its terroir, identity, and quality. The actors involved in each stage of production are identified. Many products possessing terroir are advanced and protected by these social groups. The study is part of a larger research project concerning the terroir of Vidalia Onions and through quality and identity development, preservation of the economic and cultural assets of southern Georgia. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Using Ahp for Evaluation of Criteria for Agro-Industrial Projects

Authors: Gregory Yom Din, Aislu B Yunusova
Comments: 6 Pages.

The article describes an application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluation of criteria for agro-industrial projects. For this purpose, a database was collected from interviews with experts in agricultural regions of Russia (South Urals) in 2015-2016. Experts are classified according to their relationship to agro-industrial business, work experience, education, and gender. The questionnaire was developed based on the analytic hierarchy process methodology. Part of the questions was based on the approach of the prospect theory in order to identify expert attitude to risk associated with the implementation of investment projects. In total, 226 experts responded to the questionnaire. Criteria of agro-industrial projects - financial, social, and risk criteria - were ranked according to their importance and taking into account the expert attitude to risk. Estimates of the criteria importance and expert features analyzed in the study may be used to improve the presentation of agro-industrial projects thus contributing to their successful evaluation. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Computational Identification of Conserved Domains from Genomic Survey Sequences in Green Gram [vigna Radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]

Authors: Ramprasad Eruvuri, Prasad Gajula MNV, Durga Rani V, Anuradha1, Vanisri S
Comments: 4 Pages.

With recent advances in the field of genome sequencing, analysis and availability of large genomic data in the public domain, we made an attempt to survey the presence of the conserved domains, super families and multi domains having putative functions identified from green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] Genomic Survey Sequences (GSS) using computational tools. In this study we have been identified the various conserved domains, super families having putative functions for fundamental, metabolic, developmental, evolutionary processes and physiogenic nature from the query sequences. This study was beneficial in the area of comparativ e genomics for the identification of important genes and also development of functional molecular markers in identified genes for green gram and its related crops improvement. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Gene Editing: do not Forget About Animal Agriculture

Authors: Yanina Petracca, Alison L. Van Eenennaam, Martin Alfredo Lema
Comments: 2 Pages.

In vivo gene editing techniques have attracted great interest, not only in the scientific community, but also among regulatory agencies worldwide. Within the agricultural sector, gene-edited organisms pose an opportunity to help with broad challenges such as climate change, disease and pest pressure and increasing demands for agri food products . Nevertheless, there are ongoing debates on how to handle such challenges at the regulatory level that need to be solved as a sine qua non condition for these organisms to have a chance of becoming commercially available. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Socio-Commercial Agri-Biotech Model for Rural Development in India by Combining Livestock and Organic Farming Practices

Authors: Abhishek Cukkemane
Comments: 4 Pages.

India experienced major success in agriculture productivity, post-green revolution, due to use of fertilizers. Around the same time, operation flood made India from a milk-deficient to highest producer by introducing exotic breeds. These approaches resulted in food and milk security but at a cost of decrease in soil health and loss in animal farming especially indigenous breeds of cattle. Since few years, educated medium land holding farmers have adopted organic farming practises. But, the supply of high quality organic manures remains a bottle neck in many sectors. It is therefore necessary to highlight the importance of combining organic- and cattle farming to the rural folk by introducing socio-commercial models based on modern biotechnological processes that can convert animal wastes into high quality manures on a mass-scale that can be efficiently marketed in the rural areas. Such practise will make small and medium land holding farmers adopt cattle farms, which will in turn be an epicenter for rural development by constant supply of manures to the farmers at a reasonable price. Therefore, we briefly highlight the impact of farming revolutions and the problems faced by farmers in India. Our analysis of the total cattle waste in India and the area of arable land, we highlight the possibility of organic farming across the nation. By utilizing readily available raw materialist is possible to accommodate socio-commercial model that can result in revenue generation by combining organic- and animal- farming practises for agronomic and rural development. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Zika Virus Infection: An Emergency of International Concern

Authors: Sunny Mandal, Sudhish Mishra, Prabir K. Mandal
Comments: 2 Pages.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus, meaning that it is insect vector-borne disease, most commonly transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes. ZIKV was first identified in Uganda in 1947 in monkeys through a network that monitored yellow fever. It was later identified in humans. ZIKV is endemic to parts of Africa and Asia, but over the past months, a large number of locally acquired cases have been discovered in Brazil. The number of cases and the locations of the outbreak qualify ZIKV as a rapidly growing epidemic threat. The ZIKV causes microcephaly, small heads and often damaged brains, which may not have developed properly during pregnancy or may have stopped growing in the first years of life. These children may experience a range of problems, like developmental delays, intellectual deficits or hearing loss. Until recently, Zika was not considered a major threat because its symptoms are relatively mild. There is no widely available test for Zika infection. Infection with Zika virus may be suspected based on symptoms and recent history of travel. A diagnosis of Zika virus infection can only be confirmed through laboratory tests on blood or other body fluids, such as urine, saliva or semen. Protection against mosquito bites is a key measure to prevent Zika virus infection. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Development and Evaluation of a Multiplex PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Five Foodborne Pathogens

Authors: Thuy Trang Nguyen, Vo Van Giau, Tuong Kha Vo
Comments: 9 Pages.

Foodborne pathogens present serious concerns to human health and can even lead to fatalities. The gold standard for pathogen identification – bacterial culture – is costly and time consuming. A cheaper and quicker alternative will benefit in controlling food safety. In this study, we developed a multiplex-PCR protocol for simultaneous detection of five Foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Vibrio cholerae, based on five genes stx1, femA, invA, iap, và ctxA, respectively. Specific primers for multiplex PCR amplification of the stx (Shiga-like toxin), nuc (thermo nuclease), inv A (invasion protein A), iap (invasive associative protein), and ctx A (cholera toxin A) genes that were established to amplify simultaneous detection of the target pathogens. The assay was also validated for its specificity, sensitivity, and applied to test some spiked food samples. The results showed the products expected multiplex PCR fragments of approximately 112, 244, 301, 453, 518 and 720bp for S. aureus, Salmonella spp. V. cholera, L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and 16S rRNA, respectively. The assay was specific to the targeted pathogens and was sufficiently sensitive and robust to effectively analyze market samples. The whole process took less than 24 h to complete indicating that the assay is suitable for reliable and rapid identification of these five foodborne pathogens, which could be suitable in microbial epidemiology investigation. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

The Therapeutic Potential of Cocos Nucifera Water on Cadmium-Induced Lipid Toxicity in Male Rat

Authors: Olabisi O. Ogunrinola, Omolade O. Fajana, Babakunle O. Williams, Eunice Ogedengbe, Ajibola A. Onifade, Francisca C. Ekeocha, Kareemat O. Shasore
Comments: 6 Pages.

Cocos nucifera (Coconut) water is one of the world natural products with increasing scientific evidence that support its role in health and medicinal application. This study was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic potential of Cocos nucifera water on cadmium-induced toxicity in male rat. Sixty-four animals were randomly grouped into five, groups 3, 4, 5 (n=16) were exposed to 100, 200, and 300 ppm cadmium doses for 6 weeks in their drinking water as cadmium chloride. At the end of 6 weeks, eight from each group were sacrificed and the remaining was administered with 10 % coconut water for a week. Control animals (n=8; group 1) received distilled water and Cocos nucifera water (n=8; group 2) for the same six week period. Lipid profile analysis revealed that cadmiuminduction exhibited different dyslipidemia patterns. Significant dose-dependent hypocholesterolemia, hypotriacylglyceridemia and hypophospholipidemia characterized the effect of cadmium exposure at all doses while Cocos nucifera water treatment for a week reverse these effects by 4, 24 and 22 % in plasma and 16, 15 and 2 % in the erythrocytes respectively. The exposure to cadmium resulted in reduced cholesterol, triacylglyceride concentration in the brain and cholesterol, phospholipids concentrations in the hepatic compartments. Also, the exposure caused an increase in brain phospholipids and hepatic triacylglycerides concentrations. The administration of Cocos nucifera water significantly (p < 0.05) reverses these effects. Our findings indicate that although the cadmium-exposure at different doses resulted in down and upregulation of lipid profile, the administration of Cocos nucifera water was able to reverse the damage caused by cadmium-induced toxicity. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Degradation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Underground Water of Trans Ganga-Yamuna Rural Regions of a North Indian District

Authors: Ayesha Mariya, K.P. Singh, Ashutosh Tripathi, Mohd Masood, Niraj Kumar
Comments: 9 Pages.

The present study investigates the physico-chemical qualities and fecal contamination of ground water; and related health risks of rural areas of trans-Ganga and Yamuna region of a North-Indian district, Allahabad, India. The pH, turbidity, TDS, BOD, and COD, total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride and fecal coliform contamination was estimated in 269 water samples of 14 villages. Higher levels of turbidity, alkalinity, chloride and fecal contamination in ground water of trans-Yamuna area were found as compared to trans-Ganga. About 75% samples of trans-Yamuna were contaminated with faecal coliform as compared to trans-Ganga region (55%).Significant positive correlation existed between chloride, TDS, alkalinity (r=0.74- 0.91; p < 0.05), hardness and pH (r = 0.75-0.85; p < 0.05). The Relative Risk (RR) of some waterborne diseases was very high (2.11-8.00) in trans-Yamuna as compared to trans-Ganga region (1.81-3.48). Furthermore, the new treatment requirement parameter (NNT) for waterborne diseases of these rural areas was also estimated, which suggests that the need of a new and improved treatment approach for these diseases is more frequent in the trans-Yamuna area as compared to trans-Ganga. Our results suggest urgent attention and intervention for improving the quality of potable water in these rural areas and to control the waterborne diseases associated to rural health risks. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Fine Structure of the Gas Bladder of Alligator Gar, Atractosteus Spatula

Authors: Ahmad Omar-Ali, Wes Baumgartner, Peter J. Allen, Lora Petrie-Hanson
Comments: 8 Pages.

Anthropogenic factors seriously affect water quality and adversely affect fish populations. Agricultural run-off accumulates in the Mississippi River and the coastal estuaries. Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) inhabits these waters and is impacted by agricultural pollution, petrochemical contaminants and oil spills. These fish are bimodal air breathers, and use a primitive lung as an accessory organ. The gas bladder, or Air Breathing Organ (ABO) of alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), is a vascularized air sac located dorsal to the body lumen. It has characteristics of amphibian lungs. Alligator gar air-breathing organs function to supplement branchial respiratory exchange with aerial gas exchange. The alligator gar gas bladder is an elongated air sac that originates dorsal to the pharynx. Air enters through a pharyngeal-esophageal duct that is controlled by two glottal ridges. The pharyngeo-esophageal duct is approximately 5mm long and is lined by ciliated columnar epithelium that is continuous with the central canal epithelium. The gas bladder has a central canal that subdivides the bladder into right and left lobes. Each lobe is further divided by septa into series of air spaces. The septa consist of blood vessels and smooth and striated muscles. Air circulates throughout the central canal, lobes and air spaces. The thickness of the septa is determined by underlying, supportive striated muscle. The internal surface of the gas bladder is a continuous respiratory epithelial layer that includes mucus cells, pneumocytes, and ciliated epithelial cells. An understanding of the normal tissue characteristics of this air breathing organ provides a baseline for studying the effects of environmental toxins on this organ. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Studies on HIV Resistance to Multiple Drug Therapy (Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapine) in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria

Authors: Ibeh IN, Okungbowa, Ibeh NI, Isitua CC
Comments: 3 Pages.

Resistance to anti-retroviral drugs has long been recognized as a possible occurrence which may further complicate the management and control of microbial infections including the dreaded Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection. The present study evaluates cases of suspected unresponsiveness to Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapine (HAART) in Benin City Nigeria. Five adult males and females (3m, 2f) between the ages of 35 - 50 years who had been on triple drug therapy (LZN) for a minimum of five years and were terminally ill in hospitals were recruited for this study. Venous blood (5.0mls) was collected from the subjects for analysis for viral antibodies, CD4 + T cells and viral load determination. The subjects were then placed on 10.0g of Manna and 20.0mls of Bioclean II daily and observed for 120 days. Venous blood samples were collected again at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after commencement of treatment for analysis. Skin rashes disappeared after 60days. There were increases in Body weight from 47.4(Kg) to 62.4kg, CD4+ T cells from 47.3 cells/µl to 327.8 and a reduction of viral load from 253,671.5 copies/ml to 23, 240.3 copies.ml after 90 days. This finding suggests that the viruses carried by the individuals investigated in this study were not responding to Lamivudine + Zidevudine + Nevirapine. The implication is that resistance to HAART may be developing challenges to the management of HIV/AIDS in this community. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Bacterial Community Structure in Activated Sludge Process

Authors: Shah M, Hiral Borasiya
Comments: 7 Pages.

Microbial activity and structure of the bacterial community of activated sludge reactors, which treated industrial wastewater, were studied. Microbial communities, including ammonia oxidation bacteria, eubacteria, actinomycetic communities were studied in two different systems of the polymerase chain electrophoresis gradient denaturing gel reaction using amplified gene fragments 16S rRNA of bacteria. Both systems, which used an anoxic-aerobic process and anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process, respectively, received the same industrial waste water, operating under the same conditions and showed the similar processing performance. Oxidizing bacterial communities of ammonia from two systems showed almost identical structures corresponding to ammonia removal like, while the bacterial community actinomycetic showed obvious differences. The anoxic-aerobic-anaerobic system showed eubacterial richer communities actinomycetic the anoxic-aerobic system. FISH results showed that the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial cells in the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic system are increased by 3.8 ± 0.2% of the total bacterial population while those in the anoxic-aerobic system represented 1.7 ± 0.2%. Thus, the existence of an anaerobic-anoxic environment in the anaerobic-aerobic system has resulted in a marked increase in biodiversity. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Optimization of Extraction Techniques SPE, QuEChERS and Ultrasound Method for Trace level Determination of Imidacloprid in Vegetables (Cabbage and Spinach) and Soil by (UFLC)

Authors: Prakash Samnani, Kamlesh Vishwakarma, Bipul Bihari Saha
Comments: 6 Pages.

Abstract A simple, sensitive, fast and inexpensive method was developed using solid-phase extraction (SPE), ultrasound and QuEChERS method with Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC) for trace level determination of imidacloprid in vegetables (Cabbage and Spinach) and Soil. The method was validated using Cabbage; Spinach and soil samples spiked with imidacloprid at different concentration levels (LOQ 0.01, 10 x LOQ 0.10 and 50 x LOQ 0.50 µg/g). Average recoveries (using each concentration 5 replicates) ranged from 89.39 to 99.5%, with relative standard deviations less than 2.15%, calibration solutions concentration used were in the range 0.005 - 1.0 µg/mL and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.005 µg/mL and 0.01 µg/mL, respectively You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

The Importance and Applications of High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography in Biopharmaceutical and Medical Device Industries

Authors: X. Michael Liu
Comments: 1 Page.

Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) or High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC) is the most broadly accepted method for the determination of molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of macromolecules. It is a special type of liquid chromatography that separates molecules based on molecular sizes or hydrodynamic volumes and not according to partition or affinities toward the stationary phases. HPSEC is also called Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) in polymer science and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) in the biological sciences. Conventional HPSEC equipped with a concentration detector (i.e. refractive index, UV-vis, or photodiode array) acquires molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of analytes according to the elution volumes or a peak position calibration using a series of standards of known molecular weights and chemistry. Therefore, the obtained molecular weights and molecular weight distributions by conventional HPSEC are the relative ones. The advantages of conventional SEC are high robustness, excellent reproducibility, and ease of transfer between laboratories. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Quantitative Analysis of KH903 from Human Serum by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study

Authors: Bing Tian Bi, Ben Y. Zou, Min J. Zhao, Wen L. Zhu, Xiao Ke, Li T. Deng, Hai Liao, Jing Zhan, Kun Y. Feng, Su Li
Comments: 6 Pages.

KH903 is a novel antiangiogenic drug for cancer therapy. Its pharmacokinetic study in cancer patients is therefore very important for choosing doses and dosing intervals in clinical application. A selective, sensitive, and rapid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method was developed and validated here for the determination of KH903 in patient serum. This method is specific enough for the detection of KH903 in serum samples. Nonlinear calibration curves were obtained for KH903 at a concentration range of 0.781-50 ng/ ml (r > 0.999). The intra-batch accuracy ranged from 83.4% to 94.5%, and the inter-batch accuracy varied from 88.8% to 91.7%. Stability tests showed that KH903 was stable throughout the analytical procedure. This study is the first to utilize the ELISA method for the pharmacokinetic study of KH903 in six cancer patients who had received a single dose of KH903 (4.0 mg/ kg) administered intravenously. The results address the pharmacokinetic profile of KH903 in cancer patients in detail and evaluate the binding efficacy of KH903 on VEGF in patients to provide guidance for the regimen of KH903 in phase I clinical trials. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Simultaneous Estimation of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Tablet Dosage Form by Reverse Phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography

Authors: Bala Rami Reddy.Yenumula, Mutta Reddy.Singampalli, Bala Sekhara Reddy.Challa
Comments: 6 Pages.

A simple, rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method had been developed and validated for estimation of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in tablet dosage form. The estimation was carried out on PhenomenexLuna C18 (25 cm x 4.60 mm, particle size 5 µm) column with a mixture of 10mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8): Acetonitrile; 40: 60 (v/v) as mobile phase. UV detection was performed at 260 nm. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and sensitivity as per ICH norms. The developed and validated method was successfully used for the quantitative analysis of commercially available dosage form. The retention time was 2.81 and 7.42 min for emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate respectively and total run time was 10 min. at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/ min. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 40.00 - 240.00 µg/ mL for emtricitabine and 60.00 - 360.00 µg/ mL for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 1.54 and 4.54 µg/ mL for emtricitabine and 4.60 and 13.65 µg/ mL for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate respectively. The high percentage of recovery and low percentage coefficient of variance confirm the suitability of the method for the simultaneous estimation of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in tablet dosage form. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): The Workhorse in the Analytical Laboratory

Authors: Victoria F. Samanidou
Comments: 2 Pages.

Instrumental analysis has disposed classical chemical analysis in every analytical laboratory, since many decades, as it is faster and more productive. Beyond any doubt chromatography and above all High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is the workhorse in routine analysis, either as standalone technique or hyphenated with specific and more sensitive spectroscopic techniques. Thus the detection of analytes can be feasible at low concentrations following regulatory requirements, as for example those set by environmental protection agencies, food authorities or pharmacopeias, that are getting stricter every day.
Category: Biochemistry

Optimization and Evaluation of Monodispersed TetrandrineLoaded PLA Microspheres Prepared With A SPG Membrane Emulsification Technique

Authors: Jin Lu, Ai-ling Yin, Meng Zhang, Xue-e Yu, Ting-ming Fu, Hua-xu Zhu, Li-wei Guo
Comments: 11 Pages.

To improve pulmonary drug concentrations and to maximize the effectiveness and minimize the adverse side effects, uniformsized tetrandrine-loaded polylactide (PLA) microspheres with a suitable particle size for pulmonary inhalation were prepared by the Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique. The main parameters influencing PLA microsphere properties were investigated: transmembrane pressure, circulation speed, high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB value), PLA concentration and oil-water volume ratio. Narrowly size-distributed tetrandrine-loaded PLA microspheres were obtained with a high drug encapsulation efficiency of 81.0% and an average diameter of 3.16 μm under optimized conditions. The results of Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction revealed that tetrandrine would be either molecularly dispersed in the polymer or distributed in an amorphous form. Further, the in vitro drug release experiment confirmed that the uniform-sized tetrandrine-loaded PLA microspheres showed suppressed burst release. These studies provide a basis for the use of uniformly sized 3.16 μm tetrandrine-loaded PLA microspheres for pulmonary inhalation. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Pharmacokinetics of Cymbopogon Citratus Infusion in Rats After Single Oral Dose Administration

Authors: Gustavo Costa, Ana Fortuna, Daniela Gonçalves, Isabel Vitória Figueiredo, Amílcar Falcão, Maria Teresa Batista
Comments: 9 Pages.

Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as lemongrass, is a tropical herb used in worldwide traditional medicine for centuries. Studies previously conducted by our team demonstrated its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and recently, the antiinflammatory potential was also observed in vivo. However, little is known about its pharmacokinetics. The current study aimed at obtaining, for the first time, the pharmacokinetic profile of lemongrass infusion after a single dose oral administration to rats. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Two New Coumarins from the Leaves of Phellodendronamurense.

Authors: Zhao Zhang, Guangzhi Li, Lingchao Dai, Bengang Zhang, Jianyong Si
Comments: 4 Pages.

Two new coumarins, PhellodenolsI (1) and J (2), were isolated from the leaves of Phellodendronamurense. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The two new compounds were tested against Hela, AGS, and MGC-803 human cancer cell lines and exhibited cytotoxic activities with IC50 values between 18.71± 5.23 μM and 36.92± 4.72 μM. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Rp-Hplc Method for Simultaneous Determination of Tolperisone Hcl and Diclofenac Sodium in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Authors: G Kumaraswamy, V Swapna, D Sudheer kumar
Comments: 6 Pages.

A new method was established for simultaneous estimation of Tolperisone and Diclofenac sodium by RP-HPLC method. The chromatographic conditions were successfully developed for the separation of Tolperisone and Diclofenac sodium by using Agilent C18 column flow rate was 1ml/min, mobile phase ratio was (70:30 v/v) ACN: phosphate buffer pH 3 (pH was adjusted with orthophosphoricacid), detection wavelength was 240nm.The retention times were found to be 4.645 mins and 2.242 mins. The % purity of Tolperisone and Diclofenac sodium was found to be 100.3% and 99.27% respectively. The analytical method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The precision study was precision, robustness and repeatability. LOD value was 2.17 and 0.0372 and LOQ value was 6.60 and 0.1125 respectively. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Criteria of Patient Selection in a Clinical Trial

Authors: Michel Bourin
Comments: 4 Pages.

Which criteria will govern patient selection if this choice is to take various requirements into account and if the key problem is to obtain homogeneous groups in order to reduce variability in response and yet provide representative samples of the affection studied? The means of selecting patients will be defined by inclusion and exclusion criteria, which should be as explicit as possible. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Endothelial Dysfunction in Mexican Obese Children, is there A Role of the Gut Microbiota?

Authors: Khemlal Nirmalkar, Selvasankar Murugesan, María Luisa Pizano-Zárate, María del Socorro Romero-Figueroa, Carlos Hoyo-Vadillo, Jaime Garcia-Mena
Comments: 4 Pages.

Endothelial dysfunction is a predisposing factor for atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases; and at the same time, endothelial dysfunction is associated to obesity. The prevalence of endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and obesity is quite high among Mexican children; on the other hand, gut microbiota has been associated to obesity in the same population. Atherosclerosis is associated to gut microbiota in humans, and this association raise the possibility that endothelial dysfunction is also related with the gut microbiota in obese population. This review addresses the current knowledge of association of endothelial dysfunction, with obesity and atherosclerosis; however, there are no reports of association of endothelial dysfunction with gut microbiota through the measurement of adhesion molecules like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and selectins. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Disparate Body Composition Outcomes for Underwater Weighing, Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, and Two Bioelectrical Impedance Devices in Overweight Young Adults

Authors: Michelle Alencar, Kelly E. Johnson, Nathan Cole, Ann L. Gibson
Comments: 6 Pages.

Introduction: As the prevalence of obesity rises, so does the need for reliable Body Composition (BC) methods. Many methods of BC analysis exist, however validity between methods has been questioned. Uncertainty exists within the scientific literature about which laboratory method and field measurement is applicable for the overweight population to estimate Percent Body Fat (% BF). There is scarce research comparing Hydrostatic Weighing (HW) and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) with field methods in overweight individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare HW and DXA with Multi-Frequency (MF-BIA) and a Single-Frequency (SFBIA) Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA) device. Methods: Twenty-five overweight and obese adults (BMI 30.1 ± 4.1 kg/ m2, 13 males, 12 females, ages 24.6 ± 4.7y) were randomly assessed by vertical SF-BIA, and supine MF-BIA against DXA and lastly HW. All participants followed standardized pre-testing guidelines for BC assessment. Agreement was assessed using a 2 (group) x 4 (method) RMANOVA and post-hoc t-tests were applied as appropriate. All methods of body composition were used and compared to DXA and HW. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Assessing Stages of Readiness to Lose Weight among Overweight and Obese Adolescents using Trans-Theoretical Model

Authors: Asmah Johari, Rosnah Sutan
Comments: 6 Pages.

Introduction: Assessing the individual’s level of readiness to change will help in losing weight and targeting for an ideal body weight. This study was aimed to determine the readiness to lose weight among overweight and obese adolescents using TransTheoretical Model (TTM) assessment tool. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 631 adolescents aged 13 to 19 years whose screened as overweight or obese (body mass index for age with z-score of ≥ 1 SD from WHO Reference 2007). Samples were selected using multistage random sampling from secondary level schools of two urban districts. The students had completed the translated and validated TTM constructs questionnaire and were categorized according to five stages of readiness to lose weight. One way ANOVA and MANOVA were used to analyze the relationship between stages of readiness to lose weight according to TTM assessment tool. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Understanding Weight Change While Incarcerated: Qualitative Groundwork for a Collaborative Health Intervention

Authors: Nell Baldwin, Amber Cardoos, Jennifer G. Clarke
Comments: 7 Pages.

In the context of the ever-increasing incarcerated population in the U.S. and our “obesity epidemic,” recent work has investigated whether incarcerated individuals are at higher risk for obesity and related diseases. We build on this scholarship by interviewing incarcerated men and women, as well as correctional facility staff to parse the barriers and facilitators to maintaining a healthy weight on the inside. This qualitative analysis forms the groundwork for a collaborative health intervention to address weight gain and weight maintenance in a U.S. correctional facility. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Obesity and Cancer: Evidence, Postulated Mechanisms and Prospectives

Authors: Hala Fawzy Mohamed Kamel, Hiba Saeed A Bagader Al-Amodi, Mohammed Hasan Mukhtar
Comments: 11 Pages.

Obesity is a major health problem tremendously increasing worldwide, obesity has been accompanied by a state of metabolic dysregulation, characterized by insulin resistance and may be associated with many comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Lately a great attention has been gained toward the association of obesity with certain cancers. Numerous studies and meta-analysis reported that, obesity is associated with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, postmenopausal breast cancer, and endometrial, renal, pancreatic, prostate and colorectal cancers. In spite of, the evidence of such association that link obesity with risk and recurrence or death from cancer, however the linking mechanisms has not been yet fully explained. Obesity may promote cancer by: 1) alteration of adipocytokines: Leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin with promotion of angiogenesis and interactions with other mediators and cytokines. 2) Hypoxia and angiogenesis due to expansion of adipose tissue with release of certain mediators that stimulate angiogenesis. 3) Metaflammation state of low grade and chronic inflammation that merely stimulate release of cytokines as (TNFα) and (IL-6) and the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling. 4) Insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia and increased levels of insulin and growth factors as IGFs and IGF binding proteins. 5) Increased levels of sex steroids, including estradiol and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) particularly in cases of endometrial and postmenopausal breast cancers. 6) oxidative stress and reduction of antioxidants with possibility of oxidative damage or mutation of DNA. 7) epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation , histones and chromatin remodeling factors . In fact, it remains unclear how the convergence of these mechanisms may drive obesity-associated cancer, considering the complex and multi-factorial characterization of cancer as well as the variation of genetics background of obese subjects. Prospective studies is worth pursuing especially towards therapeutic implications to prevent or treat obesity- associated cancer. Our aim is providing updated and comprehensive review about postulated and prospective links and molecular mechanisms between obesity and cancer, focusing upon mechanistic mediators that may drive obesity- associated cancers and may be targeted molecules for prospectives therapies. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomies: Correlations Between Primary Tumor and Histological Findings of Controlateral Breast

Authors: Vitale V, Mattei MS, Lombardi A, Maggi S, Stanzani G, Di Stefano D, Argento G, Cunsolo G, Campanella L, Mastrangeli MR, Amanti C
Comments: 6 Pages.

Backgound: In Italy in 2015 48,000 new cases of breast carcinomas were diagnosed. Women who are diagnosed with breast cancer have a significant risk of developing contralateral breast cancer during the rest of their lives and this risk is closely associated to the family history, to the onset of breast cancer at a young age and is expressed at about 0.5 to 1% of metachronous tumors per year. The purpose of this work was to evaluate which and how many neoplastic lesions were seen in the contralateral breast that underwent prophylactic mastectomy and to understand what factors predict the appearance of such lesions. Methods: 168 bilateral mastectomies were analyzed in patients with an average age of 47 years, carried out from July 2008 to April 2016, at the Breast Unit of the Sant’Andrea Hospital. We considered women of any age suffering from unilateral breast cancer without either clinical or radiological evidence of a malignant lesion in the contralateral breast and negative for mutations of the BRCA1-BRCA2 genes test. Of the 168 bilateral mastectomies 35 patients were excluded from the study because they underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, another 35 patients because they were suffering from a bilateral neoplasia and 7 cases because they had mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Serpiginous Supravenous Hyperpigmentation

Authors: Nora Naqos
Comments: 1 Page.

Serpiginous supravenous hyperpigmentation is a rare clinical event that occurs almost exclusively after peripheral intravenous chemotherapy. A patient of 40 years old diagnosed with cavum carcinoma and received fluorouracile and Cisplatine chemotherapy. After the second cycle, hyperpigmentation appears in the left forearm, clinical examination found serpiginous hyperpigmented streaks along the course of the superficial veins without any other mucocutaneous lesions. Initially described with 5FU and also reported with other molecules such as vinorelbine, cisplatin, Bleomycin, doxorubicin, actinomycin, docetaxel, fotemustine, it does not require specific therapeutic and doesn’t impose any dosage reduction. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Review

Authors: Basem T. Jamal, Scharukh Jalisi
Comments: 4 Pages.

Background: Since most oropharyngeal carcinomas are locally advanced at presentation, patients are often treated with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. However, for early stage oropharyngeal carcinoma, national guidelines state that it can be treated by either primary surgery or radiotherapy. This study analyse national survival rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma for surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities. Methods: All cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx between 1988 and 2007 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 17 database. The SEER database is a population-based cancer registry that captures 17 distinct population groups in 198 counties in the United States. It represents approximately 26% of the overall United States population and contains information on 6,117,327 cases of cancer diagnosed since 1973. Overall survival was the primary outcome measure. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Mantel-Cox log-rank test. Significance was defined as P<0.05. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Convergence Revolution – Piloting the Third Scientific Revolution Through Start-Ups for Breast Cancer Cure

Authors: Pramod Khargonekar, Anthony Sinskey, Charles Miller, Balu Ranganathan
Comments: 6 Pages.

Convergence revolution integrates various academic disciplines with wide spectrum of activities and also connects them with translation and innovation ecosystem thereby going well beyond traditional collaborations. This is the third revolution in the life science arena, first being DNA discovery and second genomics where almost entire human genome has been sequenced. The third revolution, convergence revolution has the potential to lead to a solution for breast cancer cure. Breast cancer is the second largest mortality causative agent among women. In United States, nearly 40,000 women die of breast cancer every year. Till date (March 2017), 3.1 million women have been medicated for breast cancer. On an average every 2 minutes, a woman in the U.S. is diagnosed with breast cancer. Convergence may provide a more effective solution for cure breast cancer by multipronged approach using nanotechnology (targeted delivery with controlled release), imaging protocols (Raman spectroscopy) and biomarkers detection involving physicists, chemists, bioengineers, radiologists, clinical oncologists and entrepreneurs and proposing for a National Cancer Data Ecosystem. This work is a classic example of convergence involving multi-disciplinary researchers and technology developers. Several start-ups are working in the direction of breast cancer therapy onto clinical trials which can pave way for translation to clinics for the cure of belligerent types of breast cancers which affect young women. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Sirenomelia, the Mermaid Syndrome in Kuwait: A case Report

Authors: Fatemah Alhadhoud
Comments: 4 Pages.

Sirenomelia also called as Mermaid Syndrome, is a rare congenital malformation of uncertain etiology. It is characterized by fusion of the lower limbs and commonly associated with severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformation. We report a case of sirenomelia occurring in a 25 year old Kuwaiti woman following premature rupture of membranes. This is the first documented case in this country. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Fetal Echography Remotely Controlled Using A TeleOperated Motorized Probe and Echograph Unit

Authors: Philippe Arbeille, Jose Ruiz, Gabriel Carles, Victorita Stefanescu, Monica Georgescu
Comments: 6 Pages.

Objective to evaluate the performance of a new device for fetal tele-echographyin isolated medical centers. Methods fetal tele-echography and Doppler was performed using,a) a portable echograph which setting and function (Doppler pulsed and color, 3D capture..) can be operated from away via internet, b) equipped with motorized probes (400g, 430cm3) which transducer can be orientated from away by an expert also via internet. The pregnant were in medical center far away from the expert center. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

A Staged Feasibility Study of a Novel Vaginal Bowel Control System for the Treatment of Accidental Bowel Leakage in Adult Women

Authors: Michelle Miki Takase-Sanchez
Comments: 5 Pages.

Background Accidental bowel leakage, or fecal incontinence, impacts the quality of life in women of all ages. A minimallyinvasive vaginal bowel control system was designed to reduce accidents and provides a new health care option for women. Methods A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate fit, patient comfort, and ease-of-use of this novel vaginal bowel control therapy at home to better inform device design, treatment delivery, and the design of a subsequent pivotal clinical trial protocol. Staged evaluations were performed in women without and with self-reported accidental bowel leakage of any severity. Wear duration progressed from an initial one-time, in-office fitting to extended-wear periods at home. Device-related adverse events were collected in all subjects exposed to the device. Treatment responses were collected at baseline and after 1-month wear in women with accidental bowel leakage. Additionally, device comfort and satisfaction were assessed. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

A Rare Case of Newborn with Accessory Scrotum Associated with Bifid Scrotum and Perineal Lipoma

Authors: Enrica Rossi, Massimo Basile, Ubaldo Bongini, Anna Maria Buccoliero, Chiara Caporalini, Claudio Defilippi
Comments: 3 Pages.

We report a case of bifid scrotum with accessory scrotum and peduncular lipoma in perineal region occurring in a full-term male neonate. Physical examination showed two soft perineal masses located between a bifid scrotum and the anus. No abnormalities of anus were detected. The patient underwent ultrasound and magnetic resonance examinations confirming a homogeneous fat tissue matter of the posterior mass and showing fluid content inside the anterior one. The patient also underwent a Gastrografin enema and no analcolon anomalies were detected. The masses were completely excised and the histological examination revealed a lipoma, with tissue suggestive of scrotum, so a definite diagnosis of accessory scrotum, associated with lipoma was made. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

The Impact of Maternal Incarceration on Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes: Research Findings from a National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health

Authors: Zina McGee, Bertha L. Davis, Sherri Saunders-Goldson, Marissa Fletcher, Lindsay Fisher
Comments: 7 Pages.

Data for this study were drawn from quantitative analyses derived from secondary statistics from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), which is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7-12 in the United States to examine the impact of maternal incarceration on emotional and behavioral outcomes among adolescents. It was hypothesized that maternal incarceration would increase the number of risk factors among adolescents including delinquency, victimization, emotional outcomes and drug usage. For this project, the survey data were analyzed on self-identified non-white (minority) participants reporting criminal justice involvement measured through lifetime arrest, age at first arrest, number of pre-18 arrests and number of post-18 arrests as behavioral outcomes. Measures of self-reported depression and anxiety were also included to examine mental health outcomes. Results from hierarchical multiple linear regressions indicated that having a mother incarcerated explains variance in emotional outcomes and behavioral risk influences such as symptomatology, criminal involvement, and drug use over and beyond sociodemographic factors including gender, educational level and family income. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are addressed. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Critical Incident Technique Applied in Nursing and Healthcare Sciences

Authors: Bengt Fridlund, Maria Henricson, Jan Mårtensson
Comments: 5 Pages.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to elucidate the development and current status of the critical incident technique (CIT), with focus on its fundamental definitions, guidelines, and pros and cons when applied in nursing and healthcare sciences. Method: A theoretical reasoning based on the original literature and with the support of updated literature relevant to the CIT was used. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Utilization of a Clinical Reminder System to Increase the Incidence of Hepatitis C Screening

Authors: Jennifer Cameron, Robyn Ray
Comments: 5 Pages.

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the use of a clinical reminder system to increase the incidence of patients born between 1945 and 1965 who are offered screening for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). A clinical reminder form was utilized to prompt primary care providers to offer screening for HCV. Pre-implementation and postimplementation data were collected via retrospective chart review. Data was analyzed to compare patients who were offered testing for HCV pre- and post-implementation of the clinical reminder system. In the pre-implementation data that was collected, 238 patients out of the 600 randomly collected met inclusion criteria of being born between 1945 and 1965. Of these 238 patients, only four were offered screening for HCV prior to implementation of the project. In the post-implementation data, 248 out of 600 patients met the inclusion criteria of being born between the ages of 1945 and 1965. Of these 248 who met inclusion criteria, 211 were offered screening for HCV. This resulted in 85% of patients who were offered screening for HCV post-implementation versus 2% pre-implementation. The results of the study showed that the use of a clinical reminder system was effective in increasing the number of patients who were offered screening for HCV. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Effect of Hospital-Based Providers Continuous Support on Progress of Active Phase of Labor

Authors: Gehan Ebrahim Ghonemy, Entesar Fatouh Abd El Moneim, Zeinab Ahmed Abdelsalam
Comments: 6 Pages.

events in a woman and spouse life, and can have strong physical, emotional, and psychological effects. Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of continuous support provided by nurses during labor on the duration of the active phase of labor. Method: A quasi- experimental design was adopted, using Apurposive Sample of 200 women was randomly divided into control group (n=100) who had not received support on childbirth. In the intervention group (n =100) continuous support during labor was provided. Data collected using an interview sheet, a partograph (labor progress record), and visual analogue scale to assess severity of pain. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

The Impact of Intravenous Protocols During Labor on Maternal \ Newborn Outcomes

Authors: Gehan Ebrahim Ghonemy, Naglaa Fathy Mahmoud Kotob
Comments: 9 Pages.

common practice in labor. Adequate rehydration has shown a reduction in labor duration. However results of other trials proposed that labor duration could be decreased by administering IV fluids at a rate of 250ml/hr which is better than giving such fluids in a rate of 125ml/hr. Aim: Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the effect of three protocols of intravenous fluids on the progress of labor and newborn weight loss during the first week post partum. Design: A descriptive Correlation research design was adopted. In this study in order to investigate the research hypothesis. Sample: A convenient sample of 150 laboring women (divided to 50 each group) was selected. Partograph, fluid chart and baby weight and diaper sheet was used to collect the data. Setting: The study was conducted at the labor room in two Egyptian governmental hospitals. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Study on Knowledge Level of Livestock Owners Related to Breeding Aspect of Organic Animal Husbandry Practices in Arid Region of Rajasthan

Authors: Gujar B, Purohit NR, Basant Bais
Comments: 3 Pages.

A study was conducted in two selected districts of arid region of Rajasthan i.e. Barmer and Bikaner. From each selected district, two tehsils were selected purposively. She and Chohtan tehsils from Barmer district and Kolayat and Lunkaransar tehsils from Bikaner district were selected on the basis of highest livestock population and two villages were selected randomly from each tehsil. Thus, total eight villages were selected and from each selected village, 15 respondents were selected randomly making the sample size of 120 livestock owners in present study. Data were collected from livestock owners with the help of semi-structured interview schedule, researcher’s own observations were also recorded regarding the breeding practices followed by livestock owners. From the study it was found that majority (40.8%) of the livestock owners had high level of knowledge followed by medium (32.5%) and low (26.7%) level knowledge about breeding aspect of Organic Animal Husbandry practices. The sub-areas under different organic breeding practices in which the livestock owners had highest knowledge was promoted animals for natural service and knowledge of heat detection (mean score 1.00 for each) from breeding practices and the livestock owners had highest adoption about traditional methods for heat detection (adoption index 99.58). It was concluded that Livestock owners in Arid Region of Rajasthan mostly kept desi (local) breeds and preferred natural service for reproduction. These practices of farmers were well fitted with the standards of organic livestock farming related to breeding aspect. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Is Global 2D-Strain Able to Be Better Tool for Cardiotoxicity Determination in Cancer Survivors Received Various Chemotherapeutic Agents?

Authors: Alexander E Berezin
Comments: 6 Pages.

The cardiac toxicity has been recognized as a major medical problem that negatively affecting quality of life and prognosis in cancer survivors within chemotherapies and after ending of the treatment. The mini review is focused on the innate mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and the techniques regarding the cardiac evaluation of cancer patients. It has discussed radial and circumferential strain rates as a tool for the early detection of cardiotoxicity, whereas there are some limitation to correctly interpret findings in cancer patients with known cardiac disease and heart failure. It is concluded that more investigations are required to explain the advantages and weakness of 2D strain / 2D strain rate in cardiotoxicity determination. Submit Your Manu Script at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Does Baseline Pao2/Fio2 Affect the In-Hospital Outcome in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?

Authors: Minati Choudhury, Kreethi Chigurupati, Milind P Hote, MV Kalaivani
Comments: 5 Pages.

Background: Oxygen saturation and the PaO2 are the direct risk factors for post -operative respiratory outcome in patients undergoing prolonged surgery under general anaesthesia. However the effect of preoperative PaO2 and PaO2 /FiO2 ratio on the postoperative course of the patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting is not known. Hypothesis: Pre-operative PaO2 and PaO2 /FiO2 ratio have a significant effect on the postoperative outcome among the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Study design: Prospective clinical study Setting: Tertiary health care centre Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty eight consecutive patients with a EURO Score of <6 undergoing routine first time coronary artery bypass grafting were selected for this study. Patients with ventricular dysfunction, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), renal or hepatic dysfunction, patients on mechanical ventilation, on preoperative Intra Aortic Ballon Pump (IABP) and those who had to undergo emergency surgery were excluded from the study. All patients were managed by the same anaesthesia and surgical team and the anaesthesia management protocol was similar for all the patients. The pre-operative PaO2 /FiO2 ratio (base line) for all patients was noted before anaesthesia induction in room air. The primary outcome measures were duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and hospital stay. The secondary outcome measures were requirement of inotropes, arrhythmias, requirement of IABP, cardiogenic shock, perioperative myocardial infarction, sepsis, respiratory failure , any other organ dysfunction and death .The total duration of follow up period was one month. Statistical analysis: Seventeen subjects were subsequently dropped because of incomplete data. Consequently, the data for 141 subjects were used for the analysis. The various methods used were Student T test, Spearman’s coefficient correlation, bi-variate and univariate logistic regression analysis. In each case a p value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: There exists a positive correlation between preoperative PaO2 /FiO2 ratio and duration of intubation (r = -0.5607, p = 0.001) as well as Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (r = -0.2564, p = 0.002). PaO2 /FiO2 ratio also has a positive correlation with the use of inotropes (p=0.03) and frequency of death (p=0.014) in the patients undergoing CABG . Conclusion: Low pre-operative PaO2 /FiO2 ratio has a direct impact on the in-hospital outcome among the patients undergoing coronary arterybypass grafting. Submit Your Manu Script at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Open Source Research: A Proposed Method to Study Peripartum Myocardial Infarction

Authors: Philip D Houck
Comments: 7 Pages.

Rare diseases such as peripartum myocardial infarction are difficult to study using double blind randomized controlled clinical trials. There have been no new advancements in the conduct of clinical trials since 1947. As a result, rare diseases have not been effectively studied despite a gradual gain in knowledge of potential mechanisms. This paper suggests a method of study that can be applied to rare disorders by an older method suggested by James Lind – the controlled clinical trial. Open source models similarly developed by software engineers will allow free access to multiple protocols and allows the physician to choose the protocol that seems most promising. Free access of clinical data will be available to help the physician decide which protocol is successful. Results will be updated continuously by a biostatistician compared with historical control and other competing protocols. Open Source - as a philosophy that promotes a universal access via free license to a product’s design or blueprint, and b) universal redistribution of that design or blueprint, including subsequent improvements to it by anyone. Open-source model includes the concept of concurrent, yet different agendas and differing approaches in production. The components of Open source research consist of a WEB site, governing body, data partner, biostatistician, tissue, genetic, proteomic specimen analysis, and funding. The site will be a center for literature review, protocol and protocol rational, consent forms, data collection center, case material, data analysis, and provide on line future publications generated by this open data source. Open source research is different from a registry in that the protocols are based on a biologic model and selected by the physician. Open source allows multiple models to be tested. A successful protocol suggests the model of disease is correct. Results are recorded similarly to a registry and can be used to assess the real time efficacy each protocol used. This method allows an iterative adjustment of treatments until the most effective therapy is found. Submit Your Manu Script at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Long-Term Follow-Up Analysis of Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty: Experience of an Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

Authors: Babu Ezhumalai, Neeraj Awasthy, Ajit Ananthakrishna, Santhosh Satheesh, Balachander Jayaraman
Comments: 5 Pages.

Objectives: Our objectives were to study the effectiveness and long-term follow-up outcomes of percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty (BPV) performed in adults and children at an Indian tertiary care hospital. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with more than mild congenital valvular Pulmonary Stenosis (PS) having echocardiographic peak gradient ≥50mmHg, who underwent BPV in a tertiary care hospital in India from 1988 to 2011. Clinical profile, echocardiographic details, procedural data, complications etc were studied. Patients were followed with annual echocardiographic and clinical assessment. Results: 108 patients including 37 children and 71 adults underwent BPV. Single balloon technique was mostly employed (99.1%). The mean balloon/annulus ratio was 1.22 ± 0.02. The transvalvular peak-to-peak gradient measured immediately before and after valvuloplasty was 103.4 ± 33.9mmHg and 33.9 ± 17.5mmHg respectively (65.1% reduction, p<0.0001). Intervention was successful and partially successful in 100 (92.6%) subjects and 8 (7.4%) subjects respectively, irrespective of age and gender. Less than moderate pulmonary regurgitation occurred in 73 (67.6%) patients. At discharge, peak Doppler gradient was reduced by 74.1% compared to admission value. This was further significantly reduced (25.4%) at short-term follow-up. This reduction in gradient was sustained at mid-term and long-term follow-up. The median duration of follow-up was 15years (range: 2 to 27 years). All patients were asymptomatic at short-term and mid-term follow-up. Two (1.9%) patients who developed restenosis on long-term underwent repeat valvuloplasty. Conclusions: BPV is a well-tolerated non-surgical treatment modality for congenital valvular PS producing highly effective results irrespective of age or gender. The results are excellent at immediate-term, short-term, mid-term and long-term. Submit Your Manu Script at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

The Choice Of Optimal Coronary Stents: Is It Possible To Maximize Cost-Effectiveness?

Authors: Rajeev Gupta, Neelesh Gupta, Shukri Saliba Shukri Mushahwar, Abdullah Mohammed Shehab
Comments: 4 Pages.

Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with implantation of the stent have become standard-of-care in the management of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), including amongst patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The most expensive hardware in PCI is drug-eluting stent (DES), thus making PCI an expensive affair; leading to unaffordability in many parts of the world. We made an attempt, to identify improved cost-effective ways to substitute DES with bare-metal stent (BMS) as and when feasible, while preserving the interests of the patients. While for patients with unstable CAD, DES is superior to BMS in device-oriented outcomes (unlike in patientoriented outcomes); patients with stable CAD with lesion (type A/B1 morphology) with coronary vessels larger than or equal to 3.75 mm: BMS is as good as second-generation DES, in both patient-oriented composite outcomes (all-cause death, any myocardial infarction, MI; and revascularization) and in device-oriented composite outcomes (cardiac death, target vessel MI, or symptom-driven TLR) both in shortand long-term follow-up. For patients with very-high risk of bleeding, irrespective of the cause of bleeding: BMS may be preferred with a view to reducing bleeding complication (as major bleeding adversely affects prognosis). Prefer no stent strategy i.e., only plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) as and when possible like for patients with focal tandem stenotic-aneurysmal lesions and in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndromes with triple-vessel disease (planned for coronary artery bypass, POBA to relieve the obstruction to achieveing TIMI 3 flow, if possible). Replace temptation of oculostenotic reflex with the objective assessment of ischemia with flow fractional reserve (FFR) for lesions between 50% and 90%, particularly in stable CAD. Of course, for patients with obstructive left main stem (LMCA) disease and for bifurcation lesions (needing 2 or more stent strategy), and for lesions with Type B2 / C morphology, use of DES (preferably secondgeneration) to improve both patient-oriented and device-oriented outcomes is cost-effective and is recommended. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Microvascular Decompression of the Optic Nerve

Authors: Jack Andrew S, Mc Dougall Cameron, O Kelly Cian J, Edwards Marianne C, Chow, MichaelM
Comments: 3 Pages.

Symptomatic compression of the optic apparatus by a tortuous internal carotid artery (ICA) is rare. We report a patient with visual decline due to optic nerve compression by the ICA. The patient presented with a visual field deficit and standard work-up revealed no discernible cause. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated distortion of the optic nerve by the ICA. The optic nerve was decompressed with resultant clinical improvement. Optic nerve compression by the ICA may be considered a diagnosis of exclusion. Here, microvascular decompression led to improvement in visual function. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

From Biography to Theory: the Role of Anna Freud in the Emergence of the “adolescent Process”

Authors: Florian Houssier
Comments: 10 Pages.

Some aspects of Anna Freud’s life reveal the existence of specifically adolescent conflicts, which can be tied to some of her theoretical and clinical discoveries in the field of adolescent psychoanalysis. Her historical input in the gradual construction of a theoretical corpus on adolescence has often been ignored. These links between biography and theory gave rise to a movement of conceptualisation making it possible to develop a psychoanalytic metapsychology of adolescence: indeed, emerged such notions as asceticism, intellectualisation in relationship with anorexia and the struggle against the genitalisation of the adolescent body. Today, the Annafreudian school of thought has remained the main source of investigation and theoretical transmission of what is now called the adolescent process. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Primay Extraosseous Ewing’s Sarcoma Of The Lombar Epidural Space Presenting As Cauda Equina Syndrome

Authors: Hatim Belfquih, Brahim El mostarchid
Comments: 1 Page.

A 31-year-old woman complained of right sciatica for 2 months followed one month later by gait disturbance and weakness of right lower extremity. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a extradural mass extending from L4 to S1/S2 interspace. It appeared hypo-intense on T1-weighted and T2- weighted images and contrast enhancement after injection of gadolinium (Figure 1A, B and C). Axial MR images revealed a mass extention to the right neural foramen at the L5–S1 which is enlarged (Fig1D, E). The patient underwent laminectomy of L4 to S1, A highly vascular lesion was seen in the epidural space, extending from L4 root axilla down to the S1 root, could be excised totally. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Meningitis: Causes, Diagnosis, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

Authors: S vanisree reddy
Comments: 2 Pages.

Bacterial meningitis continues to be a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis are the most ordinary and most violent pathogens of meningitis. Clinical and experimental studies have recognized a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms resulting in brain injure, squeal and neuropsychological deficit. Vaccination has really contributed to the current turn down in the number of cases for the three most usual meningeal pathogens. Genetic targeting and/or pharmacologic blockade of the implicated pathways possibly a potential strategy for therapeutic adjunctive measures to improve outcome and may hold substantial assure, in concert with antimicrobial agents, in human with delicate bacterial meningitis You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Association Between Both Self-Reported and Directly Observed Physical Function and Depressive Symptoms in a us Chinese Population: Findings from the Pine Study

Authors: Mengting Li, Xinqi Dong
Comments: 8 Pages.

Purpose: The association between physical function and depressive symptoms has been widely discussed in literature. However, the heterogeneity in measuring self-reported physical function has obfuscated the applicability of research findings while limited research investigated the association between performancebased physical function and depressive symptoms. This study aims to examine the association between both self-reported and performance-based physical function and depressive symptoms. Methods: Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE), a community-engaged, population-based epidemiological study of U.S. Chinese older adults aged 60 and above in the Greater Chicago area. Self-reported physical function was measured by Katz activities of daily living (ADL), Lawton instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), Index of Basic Physical Activities scale and Index of Mobility scale. Performance-based physical function was measured by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Depressive symptoms and depression were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: Every one point higher in ADL (OR: 1.29, 1.14-1.45), IADL (OR: 1.17, 1.13-1.22), Index of Basic Physical Activities scale (OR: 1.22, 1.19-1.26), Index of Mobility scale (OR: 1.52, 1.39- 1.66), and SPPB (OR: 1.16, 1.12-1.19) was significantly associated with higher risk of depressive symptoms. In addition, both selfreported and performance-based physical function was significantly associated with depression. Discussion: This study initially examined the association between both self-reported and performance-based physical function and depressive symptoms and it further identified physical function impairment was not only associated with depressive symptoms, but also depression. Our study suggests that health professionals should be aware of the depressive symptoms or depression in older adults with physical function impairment. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Mental Health of Pneumoconiosis Patients in China: a Meta-Analysis

Authors: Ruixue Huang, Jian-An Hu
Comments: 4 Pages.

Objective: To compare the mental health status of pneumoconiosis patients with that of healthy individuals in China with the aim of providing a scientific basis for psychological intervention and mental health education. Methods: A computerized literature search was conducted using several databases, including CBM, Wan fang Data, VIP Information, CNKI, CMCI, and Pub Med, to collect articles published between 1999 and 2014 regarding the mental health of pneumoconiosis patients in China. The papers that met the selection criteria were subject to a meta-analysis, with RevMan 5.0 software used to process the data. Results: A total of five articles involving 1342 cases met the research criteria and were selected for analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that, relative to healthy individuals, pneumoconiosis patients showed significantly more pronounced tendencies toward experiencing anxiety, depression, somatization, horror, forced, paranoia, interpersonal sensitivity, enmity, psychosis. Conclusion: Serious mental health problems exist among pneumoconiosis patients in comparison with healthy individuals, particularly with regard to experiencing anxiety, depression. The mental health exhibited by pneumoconiosis patients appears to be worse than that of healthy individuals. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Spiritual Interventions in Iran: a Review Article

Authors: Nadereh Memaryan, Zeinab Ghaempanah, Ruohollah Seddigh
Comments: 5 Pages.

Objectives: Although many studies have examined the effects of spiritual interventions, ambiguity of the model of them causes bias. This study aimed to achieve a picture of spiritual interventions in Iran as a Shiite Muslim country. Method: An advanced search was conducted in main Iranian and international databases using both the English and Persian keywords of spiritual intervention, spiritual care, spiritual therapy, spiritual support, and spirituality. Iranian studies that indexed until May 2016 and were related to the effects of spiritual therapies in clinical trials were selected. Results: Out of the 31selected articles, 17 were in Persianlanguage journals, and 14 were in English-language journals. The interventions that have presented in these articles were classified into three main categories: research-based interventions, mixed interventions and arbitrary interventions. Conclusion: No clear model for spiritual interventions can be extracted from Iranian studies. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Cross-Cultural Assessments and Stakeholder Consultancy Towards Resource Waste Reduction and Climate Change Prevention

Authors: C. Hornsby, Nicholas Head, Evangelia Ploumistou, S. Ulgiati
Comments: 22 Pages.

Concerns are growing across the board about the increasing resource demand by society and the poor way in which society has been dealing with waste and recovery of natural resources. It is clear that the time of what seemed to be abundant and cheap natural resources is coming to an end with the growing needs of a ever increasing global population combined with concerns about the security of supply of many essential materials, energy and products. At the same time, there is a rise in interest in understanding coming from different stakeholder groups in the sustainable management of natural resources and protection of the environment, linked with civil society’s concerns about the continuing and growing practise of landfilling. Concerns are growing across the board about the increasing resource demand by society and the poor way in which society has been dealing with waste and recovery of natural resources. It is clear that the time of what seemed to be abundant and cheap natural resources is coming to an end with the growing needs of a ever increasing global population combined with concerns about the security of supply of many essential materials, energy and products. At the same time, there is a rise in interest in understanding coming from different stakeholder groups in the sustainable management of natural resources and protection of the environment, linked with civil society’s concerns about the continuing and growing practise of landfilling. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

An Investigation on Substance Misuse Treatment, Mental Health Care Providers’ Perception on Relapse: A Cross Sectional Study

Authors: Charles Blessings Maloya, Omero Gonekani Mwale
Comments: 5 Pages.

Introduction: Relapse is a common treatment outcome for many substance misusers. How a relapse is perceived may decree how it can be responded to. This study aimed at investigating substance misuse treatment, mental health care providers’ perception of relapse. Methods: This study employed a cross sectional research design. The sample was drawn from two drug and alcohol treatment services in Glasgow City, Scotland. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires which were analyzed by using SPSS. Results: The results indicated that n=25(92%) reported having a better understanding of their role legitimacy when caring for clients with relapses. Only n=4(15%) reported that there is little that can be done to help clients who have relapsed. Not surprisingly, n=1(4%) was a participant who was uncertain of his counselling skills and believed that clients with several relapses cannot be treated. Conclusion: In conclusion, there was inconsistency between providers’ knowledge and their reaction to relapse. Therefore, emotional reactions if left unchecked may constitute a barrier to provision of care and may negatively impact treatment outcomes. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Monitoring Surgical Performance: Current Models and Limitations

Authors: Agostino Pozzi, Laetitia F Colombo, Francesca De Stefano, Alessandra Sala, Marco Bartolucci, Fabio Villa
Comments: 3 Pages.

Purpose: The article aims to evaluate methods currently used to monitor surgical performance. Different model’s advantages and limitations are analyzed to possibly identify the best model of assessment. Design/Methodology/Approach: An extensive online research took place, looking in particular for articles containing terms such as ‘surgical performance monitoring’, ‘forced ranking’, and ‘surgical outcomes’. The search was independently carried out by three medical doctors. References were screened to find more articles on this particular topic. A conceptual review was then performed. Findings: Among the current available methods, the RiskAdjusted Bernoulli Cumulative Sum (RA-CUSUM), set on a real time prospective monitoring, is preferred and might improve surgical outcomes. This is especially true when the RA-CUSUM is compared with the Variable Life Adjusted Display (VLAD) retrospective model, although VLAD is easier to interpret and it is more frequently used by surgeons. Practical Implications: Applying a standardized surgical performance assessment model identifies and manages practice variations in the same institution and among hospitals. Originality/value: RA-CUSUM applied to surgical practice can be an effective tool to determine variations in performance. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Conservative Treatment for Subungal Hematoma with Tuft Fracture

Authors: Zohair Al Aseri
Comments: 2 Pages.

Management of simple nail bed lacerations and subungual hematomas has remained somewhat controversial. This article presents a 30-year-old case admitted to emergency department (ED) due to subungual hematoma with tuft fracture. The nail was partially loose, and the nail bed seemed more or the less intact. Rest of hand examination was normal. Plain radiographs showed fracture of the distal phalanx. Decision was made not to remove the nail bed and only to release the pressure by trephine technique under sterile condition. The patient was scheduled for ED follow up appointment after one week. During follow-up no complications were encountered. The nail bed recovered completely and the nail plate seemed to develop without any deformities. Eight months after the ED visit there are no complaints about pain, shape or loss of function during daily activities. Since there are no agreed upon protocol or algorithm for subungual hematoma and distal phalanx fracture, the author believe that conservative treatment is still an option for treating tuft fracture with subungual hematoma. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Laparoscopic Acute Care Surgery in Liver Disease: A Regression Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Authors: Sri Ram Pentakota, Punam Patel, Aziz M. Merchant
Comments: 11 Pages.

Introduction: Patients with liver disease are being more frequently undergoing urgent and emergent surgery. There is sparse literature comparing outcomes based on modality of surgery (laparoscopic versus open) in this important cohort of patients. Our study examines surgical outcomes by liver disease status and surgical modality in acute care surgery setting. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing acute care abdominal surgery between 2006 and 2010 extracted from the National Inpatient Sample database. Surgical outcomes examined were in-hospital mortality, surgical, and medical complications, length of stay, and total hospital charges. Sequential multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to compare the outcomes across surgical modality and type of liver disease. Results: Unadjusted and adjusted analyses revealed that laparoscopic surgery was associated with marked reduction in mortality (92%) and surgical complications (86%) compared to open surgery, as well as a moderate yet significant reduction (60%) for medical complications, length of stay and total hospital charges. Patients with cirrhotic liver disease fared worse compared to those with non-cirrhotic and no liver disease, as expected. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery provides a feasible alternative for patients with liver disease undergoing acute care surgery. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Lvads: A Two-Sided Dilemma when Buying Time for Heart Transplantation

Authors: Binks M
Comments: 3 Pages.

Our ageing population is experiencing an unprecedented level of heart disease. Medical therapy is often inadequate in those with endstage heart failure. Mechanical cardiac support devices are becoming increasingly utilized as a means of both bridging these patients to heart transplant and as destination therapy. However, they are far from risk-free. This review encompasses the complications associated with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), including their often-unpredictable effects on the right ventricle. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Category: Biochemistry

Outbreak of Kyasanur Forest Disease in Shivamogga, Karnataka State, India, During 2015

Authors: NB Thippeswamy, SK Kiran
Comments: 3 Pages.

KFD is a Tick born viral disease with seasonal outbreak between the months of December to May. The number of cases of Kyasanur Forest Disease was investigated in Karnataka state, India, during January to July 2015. Reported incidences in 2015 were relatively less with 124 suspected and 41 RT-PCR or IgM Elisa positive cases when compared to 400 suspected and 166 positive cases reported in 2014. Majority of suspected KFD cases (124) in 2015 were reported from Shivamogga District, with only few cases reported from remaining endemic districts of KFD and one death was recorded. The number of KFD cases reported every year even after regular vaccination program in its original endemic area. KFD spreads from the zone of first outbreak along the belt of Western Ghats continuously to the newer area. New diagnostic techniques for quick diagnosis and more effective and specific drug to treat KFD patients is the need of the hour in the light of available vaccine which is not so readily accepted by the people in the endemic area. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

The Application of Acoustic Myography in Canine Muscle Function and Performance Testing

Authors: Christina Fenger, Adrian P. Harrison
Comments: 6 Pages.

It is generally known that muscles have the ability to store and convert energy making certain types of movement highly efficient with regard to muscle work. The principle behind this concept is summarized in what has become known as the “spring-mass” model. Whilst evidence of a change in gait from walk to trot has been documented for more than 35 years, quantitative measurements of comparable changes in muscle function remain elusive. In a study involving 11 Labrador dogs, looking at muscle function as assessed by acoustic myography, changes in muscle efficiency/coordination as well as both spatial-(fiber recruitment) and temporal-(firing rate) summation were made for both walk and trot for m.longissimus lumborum and m.gluteus superficialis. In m.gluteus superficialis a 35% decrease (P < 0.05) in efficiency was noted when dogs changed gait from walk to trot, and both muscles showed a slight yet significant increase in fiber recruitment. However, both muscles showed a significant decrease in firing rate (36% and 76% for m.gluteus superficialis and m.longissimus lumborum; P < 0.05 & P < 0.01, respectively) when changing pace from walk to trot. It is concluded that acoustic myography not only enables quantifiable assessment of gait changes with regard to the “spring-mass” model, but that the observed changes in the two muscles measured confirm, as well as advance our understanding of the mechanisms by which reductions in muscle work during steady level movements are achieved. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Seroprevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease in Backyard Chickens of Six Districts of North Shewa Zones of Oromia and Amhara Regions, Ethiopia

Authors: Mitike Girma, Bedaso Kebede, Bekele Megarsa
Comments: 9 Pages.

A cross-sectional study and questionnaire survey was carried from November 2009 up to April 2010 in North Shewa zone of Oromia and Amhara regions to determine prevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in unvaccinated backyard chickens using commercial ELISA kit. The study revealed that IBD was prevalent 84.2% (95% CI= 80.6 - 87.8, n=399) in the study areas. Seroprevalence distribution of IBD were 96.2% (95% CI= 93.5-99.0) and 73.8% (95% CI= 67.9-79.8) in Amhara and Oromia regions, respectively. Chickens in the Amhara region were nine times susceptible for IBD than Chickens of Oromia region. There is no significant difference among sex and age groups of study animals. The study revealed that IBD were common in district of Kewet 98.6% (95% CI= 95.7-101.4), Basena Werena 95.1% ( 95% CI= 88.4-101.8), Debre Brehan 94.7 %( 95% CI= 89.5-99.8), W\ Jarso 78.0% (95% CI= 69.4-86.6), Dagam 71.2% (95% CI= 58.7-83.6) and Kuyu 70.4% (95% CI= 59.7-81.1). It indicates that IBD virus is extensively circulating throughout the study areas. Questionnaire survey revealed that backyard poultry production was suffered from multifaceted diseases which contributed 61% death losses of the chickens at age of a day old to market age. Generally, IBD prevalence among the indigenous chicken was escalated with a possible devastated effect on the vulnerable population of backyard poultry. Therefore, it warrants the vaccine development and implementation for control mechanisms. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Bordetella Bronchiseptica Vaccines in Pet Guinea Pigs? A Review of the Literature

Authors: Gallego M
Comments: 3 Pages.

Bordetella bronchiseptica causes severe respiratory disease in guinea pigs and it has been associated with stillbirths, abortions, infertility and infections of the reproductive system and tympanic bullae. Disease caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in pet guinea pigs is mostly a poor understood disease; studies about this pathogen has been conducted mostly in laboratory guinea pigs. The objective of this review is to condense published information about the disease caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in guinea pigs for the veterinarian who attends pet guinea pigs, with special emphasis on the prevention of this disease. The author concludes that vaccination in pet guinea pigs against Bordetella bronchiseptica needs to be considered for future studies. You can submit your Manuscripts at:  https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php 
Category: Biochemistry

Formulation and Evaluation of Misoprostal by Chronotherapeutic Drug Delivery System

Authors: Musfeera Adeel, Sana Begum, Shaik Gouse, Shanti Kumar
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this present study it has been aimed to develop Spray Coated tablets of Misoprostol with a view of minimizing the drug release in the physiological ecology of stomach and small intestine and to ensure maximum drug release in the colon. This study was conducted to develop colon targeted Misoprostal delivery for the treatment of Colonic Bacterial Infections and to study the influence of coating thickness and ratios of lag time polymers (Eudragit L 100 and Eudragit S 100) on drug release and lag time.
Category: Biochemistry

Development and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Ondansetron with Natural and Synthetic SuperDisintegrating Agents

Authors: Latha Uppala1, Palle Pranusha
Comments: 7 Pages.

Ondansetron a widely prescribed anti-ulcer drug belongs to BCS class II and exhibit low and variable oral bioavailability due to its poor solubility and dissolution rate and having high permeation rate. In the present work, oral disintegrating tablets of Ondansetron were developed with a view to enhance the patient compliance and provide quick onset of action. Ondansetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as an anti-emetic (to treat nausea and vomiting). It affects both peripheral and central nerves. Ondansetron reduces the action of the vagus nerve, which deactivate the vomiting centre, and also block serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. It has slight effect on vomiting caused by motion sickness, since drug is highly bitter. The drug solid dispersed coated granules showed no bitterness in the taste. Oral disintegrating tablets prepared by direct compression method using super disintegrants like cross povidone, cross carmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, in different concentrations and evaluated for the pre-compression parameters such as bulk density, compressibility and angle of repose. The arranged batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, thickness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and invitro dissolution profile and found satisfactory. Aim: The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate fast disintegrating tablets of Ondansetron by direct compression method employing super disintegrating agents. The objective of present study: • The purpose of this research was to mask the strongly bitter taste of Ondansetron HCL and to formulate a rapid - disintegrating tablet. • To formulate an orally disintegrating tablet so that it can be administered to paediatric and geriatric patients.
Category: Biochemistry

A Review on Active Ingredients from Marine Sources used in Cosmetics

Authors: Latha Uppala
Comments: 3 Pages.

The word cosmetic represents a specific product containing active ingredients. These cosmetics products with biologically active ingredients purporting to have medical benefit. They are formulated not only to improve the skin appearance but also to improve positive physiological effects at the cellular level. Simultaneously, it is necessary to discover new bioactive substances with resourceful, safe and stable properties from natural sources for cosmetic development. Recently marine resources have been demonstrated with great cosmetic prospective. It is a productive source of cosmetics.
Category: Biochemistry

Stafne’s Defect: Diagnosis with Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Case Report

Authors: Gisele Pavão Spaulonci, Emerson Eli Nunes Cunha, Luciano Lauria Dib, Elcio Magdalena Giovani
Comments: 3 Pages.

Stafne’s Defect is an asymptomatic bone lesion, most common in men between the fifth and seventh decade of life. It is characterized as radiolucent, delimited and well-defined image in the posterior region of the mandible and is usually discovered on routine radiographic examination. In this case, the patient is in the third decade of life and clinical and radiographic characteristics described were consistent with those found in academic literature. Cone beam computed tomography was used to diagnose the defect and enabled the differential diagnosis with other pathologies, avoiding unnecessary surgical procedures. Considering that it is a non-progressive change, its conservative therapy is based on the periodic control of the lesion. In this case report, it was possible to confirm that cone beam computed tomography acts as an important tool in the diagnosis of Stafne’sDefect, as it enabled the differential diagnosis in regards to other diseases, thus avoiding unnecessary surgical procedures.
Category: Biochemistry

Oral Health in a Cognitive and Behavioral Unit

Authors: Lucie Rapp, Pascal Saidlitz, Thierry Voisin, Marie-Hélène Lacoste-Ferré
Comments: 7 Pages.

In the 2000’s, there are approximately 860 000french persons affected by Alzheimer’s diseases and dementia (ADD). This number is increasing constant because of the ageing of the population and the progress of the diagnosis. Today, about 165 000 new patients a year are diagnosed. These diseases engender later an important physical, intellectual and social dependence which impacts on the social life of the patient and people around him. It is the main cause of heavy dependence of elderly and of admission in nursing homes; at present 40% of ADD-patients live there.
Category: Biochemistry

The Rehabilitation of Permanent Teeth with Complicated Crown Fracture by MTA Pulpotomy and Re-Attachment: Case Series Report Study and Literature Review

Authors: Mehmet Sinan Doğan, Anton Rahardjo, Yuniardini Septorini Wimardhani, Izzet Yavuz
Comments: 6 Pages.

Following dental trauma, dental injuries may be seen from cracked enamel to avulsion in the teeth. In this clinical study, are presented restoration of fractured dental fragments after the proper treatment of 5 pediatric patients aged 8, 9, 11, 11, and 11 years who occurred complicated crown fracture and exposure to dental trauma in the anterior group of teeth between 2009 and 2013. In the same session complicated crown fracture in the anterior group of teeth were amputated with mineral trioxide agent (MTA) and it was closed with glass ionomer cement. The restoration was completed by attaching the fractured dental fragment with composite resin. This emergency treatment has special importance. Because complicated crown fractures occurring after dental trauma to the anterior group of teeth can lead to pain and complications of functions, aesthetics and psychological problems.
Category: Biochemistry

Prevalence of Gum Disease in Preterm and Term Adolescents

Authors: Sergio Spezzia1, Rosa Maria Eid Weiler, Fernanda Malheiro Santos, Liliana A. M. V. Takaoka1, Stella M. C. P. A. C. Vieira, Maria Sylvia De Souza Vitalle, Benjamin I. Kopelman
Comments: 7 Pages.

Aim: Assess and compare the prevalence of gum disease in preterm and term-born adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross section study was conducted involving adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19. One group of 120 preterm-born adolescents and a g roup of 149 term-born adolescents (control). Physicians conducted physical exams in these groups to measure pubertal stages, dividing the patients into 3 subgroups according to Tanner’s stages. The dental exam was conducted by four specialist dentist examiners. The community periodontal index of treatment need and measurements of plaque index were conducted. Results: Comparing the preterm-born adolescents to the termborn ones, it was verified that the term group presented a higher prevalence of gum disease than the preterm group and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of gum disease when comparing the preterm-born adolescents with weight at birth < 1500 to the ones weighing ≥ 1500 grams. The preterm-born adolescent group did not present significant difference in the prevalence of gum disease in relation to Tanner’s subgroups; however, when both groups were assessed together, it was verified that females, after the growth spurt, present a 3.7 times higher risk of gum disease. Conclusion: The ranges of weight upon birth, low weight and very low weight did not impact the prevalence of gum disease in premature adolescents. Growth spurt increases the risk of developing periodontal disease in the female gender. Girls, after the spurt, tend to have more gum disease than girls before the spurt.
Category: Biochemistry

Kabuki Syndrome: Case Study Report

Authors: Giovanna Franco Tini1, Amanda Caramel Juvino, Markus Algayer Atmanspacher, Carolina Algayer Atmanspacher, Caroline Berne Pereira, Rodolfo Georgevich Neto, Marina Struncova Fernandes, Ruth Andia-Merlin, Gilberto Araújo Noro Filho, Elcio Magdalena Giovan
Comments: 3 Pages.

Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, in which such (optional) patients present mild to moderate mental deficits and are characterized by unusual facial expressions. In addition, they may also manifest cardiac anomalies, urinary tract anomaly, hearing loss, hypotonia and also postnatal growth deficit. These fundamental characteristics are called “Pentad of Niikawa”, which correspond to dysmorphic face, skeletal anomalies, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, mild to moderate mental deficit, and postnatal growth deficiency. It also includes scoliosis, malformation of spinal column and ribs, delay in skeletal maturation, dislocation of the hip and patellar. The aim of this case study report is to present the diagnosis of a patient with this syndrome, evidencing, in the light of knowledge, to the Dental Surgeons of how to conduct dental treatment with effectiveness and safety. It also shows the need for an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of these patients, highlighting all of the complexity of the syndrome, making it easier future diagnoses, with a purpose of promoting integral health and improvements in the quality of life.
Category: Biochemistry

Significance of CD30 Expression by Epidermotropic T Cells in Lymphomatoid Papulosis and Lymphomatoid Pityriasis Lichenoides

Authors: Eric C Vonderheid, Marshall E Kadin, Gladys H Telang
Comments: 6 Pages.

Background: The T cell activation antigen CD30 is widely used to differentiate lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) from pityriasis lichenoides. However, CD30 has recently been reported to be expressed by CD8+ cells in the epidermis and dermis of some cases of pityiasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA). Methods: This observation prompted us to review our experience with cases initially diagnosed as LyP or “lymphomatoid” pityriasis lichenoides for CD30 expression by epidermotropic T cells. Results: CD30 expression by more than 20% of the epidermotropic T cells was observed in a group of 10 cases characterized clinically by self-healing papulonodules (two cases also with infiltrated plaques) and pathologically by atypical lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei within the epidermis and dermal infiltrate. Conclusions: CD30 can be expressed by either CD4+ or CD8+ cells in cases of LyP with epidermotropic T cells (so-called mixed LyP type A/B), but three of our cases appear to be examples of lymphomatoid CD30+ PLEVA. In addition, three cases had serologic manifestations suggestive of a lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune disorder. We hypothesize that CD30+ lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei in some cases result in accumulation of benign activated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells rather than neoplastic cells.
Category: Biochemistry

The Effect of Smoking on Facial Aging Among Females in Saudi Arabia

Authors: Basem T Jamal, Alaa Bokhari, Bushra Aljahdali, Baraa Alsayed, Hanan Filemban, Razan Baabdullah, Mahmoud Fakiha
Comments: 4 Pages.

Background: Cigarettes smoking has been shown by several studies to be one of the significant causes of facial aging and wrinkling. Smoking also worsen the scores for upper eyelid skin redundancy, lower lid bags, malar bags, nasolabial folds, upper and lower lip wrinkles. The prevalence rate of smoking in Saudi Arabia ranges from 2.4-52.3% in the past two decades. Up to date, there is no study in Saudi Arabia regarding smoking and facial aging and so the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between smoking and facial aging among females in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional comparative study consisting of 107 female participants aged 30-60 years old was performed. A questionnaire was used to obtain a comprehensive medical and lifestyle histories. Also, clinical examination of the perioral and peri-orbital regions in relaxed and smiling positions was also charted using the Fitzpatrick scale. Results: 52.3% of the individuals surveyed were either smokers or past smokers with a mean smoking duration of 12.6 years. While there was no significant difference between the smoking status and its relation to the grade of peri-oral and peri-orbital wrinkles, it was noted that the length of smoking in years was correlated with advanced skin aging scores with higher peri-oral and peri-orbital wrinkles. Conclusion: The sample size is not sufficient to establish the comparison between smokers and nonsmokers in relation to facial aging, the length of smoking in years showed a statistical significant difference in correlation to peri-oral and peri-orbital wrinkles.
Category: Biochemistry

G-CSF Administration Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing Accompanied With Increased Pro-Hyp Production In db/db Mice

Authors: Shiro Jimi, Kenji Sato, Masahiko kimura, Junji Suzumiya, Shuuji Hara, Francesco De Francesco, Hiroyuki Ohjimi
Comments: 9 Pages.

Objective: Impaired wound healing in diabetic patients is a clinical concern. However, exacerbation factors in diabetic wounds are still not clear. Inflammatory cell infiltrates after skin wounding and subsequent healing responses were investigated using diabetic mice. Methods: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), neutrophil infiltration and peptides from degraded collagen in wounded tissue were examined using db/db and wild-type mice. Results: The collagen peptides Pro-Hyp and Hyp-Gly in wounded tissue were quantified. G-CSF was transiently secreted from wounded tissue immediately after excision and then appeared in peripheral blood. G-CSF levels were significantly lower in db/ db mice than in wild-type mice, and neutrophil infiltration into the granulation tissue was lower in db/db mice. In wound tissue, only Pro-Hyp increased during the 7-day study, and Pro-Hyp levels were significantly lower in db/db mice. Wound closure was severely impaired in db/db mice. However, topical recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) administration accelerated healing, accompanied with increased neutrophil infiltration and Pro-Hyp production. Conclusion: The results show that decreased G-CSF secretion in wound tissue may trigger delayed healing in diabetic mice and that topical rhG-CSF administration increased Pro-Hyp production and accelerated healing. Therefore, G-CSF-induced Pro-Hyp may play an important role in wound healing.
Category: Biochemistry

New Approaches to Melanoma Treatment: Checkpoint Inhibition with Novel Targeted Therapy

Authors: Suzie Chen, Ann Robinson
Comments: 4 Pages.

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer, largely due to its propensity for recurrence and metastasis, even after removal of malignant tissue. When melanoma reaches advanced stages, the disease becomes refractory to many types of therapy, which has created a need for novel therapeutic strategies to combat the disease. Our group focuses on the oncogenic function of a neuronal receptor, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1). When mGluR1 is aberrantly expressed in melanocytes, elevated levels of extracellular glutamate mediate the constitutive activation of the receptor to promote cell proliferation. We are exploring the potential synergistic efficacy when combining a glutamatergic signaling inhibitor with a checkpoint inhibitor antibody
Category: Biochemistry

The Treatment of Solar Lentigo Using Dr. Hoon Hur’s Optimal Melanocytic Suicide-2 Parameter with a High Fluence 1064nm Nd:yag Laser Without Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation

Authors: Hoon Hur, Yu Ri Kim
Comments: 5 Pages.

A solar lentigo is a small, well-circumscribed, pigmented macule surrounded by normal-appearing skin. Histopathlogic findings may show epidermal hyperplasia and increased melanin pigmentation of the basal layer. A variable number of melanocytes are present; these melanocytes may be increased in number, but they do not form nests. In the most cases, treatment is not necessary for solar lentigo. However treating the solar lentigo without postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is very difficult and treatment for solar lentigo without side effects such as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, scars and recurrences cannot be found in any literature yet. Therefore the authors introduce the new treatment of solar lentigo using optimal melanocytic suicide-2 parameter with a high fluence 1064nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser without side effects or recurrences.
Category: Biochemistry

Long-Term Outcome Of Patients With Functional Dyspepsia Infected With A Cag-Positive Helicobacter Pylori Strain. A Descriptive Study

Authors: L Kemps, RJLF Loffeld
Comments: 6 Pages.

Introduction: An important virulence factor of H.pylori is the Cagpathogenicity island. The clinical sequel in patients with functional dyspepsia treated for H.pylori on the long-term is not known. Aim: Establish long-term outcome and relate this to the initial H.pylori status (CagA- positive or negative). Patients and Methods: In 1994/1995 a study on presence of H.pylori was done. IgG antibodies against cagA were determined. Three groups of patients were made: group 1: H.pylori + and CagA+; group 2: H.pylori + and CagA-; and group 3: H.pylori -patients. An extensive chart review and several questionnaires were used (a general questionnaire, the GerdQ, theSAI, and, the GSRS). Use of acid suppressive drugs was assessed. Results: 411 patients were included. New upper GI-endoscopies were significantly more often done in patients of group 1 (p<0.001). Reflux disease was significantly more often diagnosed in group 1 patients (p=0.02). After exclusions 239 patients (58.2%) received the questionnaires, 101 respondents were evaluable. Patients in group 1 reported significantly more often complaints. There was no significant difference in the overall presentation when patients of group 1 were compared with patients of group 2. However, there was a significant difference between the scores in H.pylori+ patients when compared with patients of group 3. Patients of group 1 significantly used more often acid suppressive therapy. Conclusion: functional dyspeptics with H.pylori CagA+strain, may develop more often complaints in the future necessitating a new endoscopic investigations. Signs of reflux disease are more often present.
Category: Biochemistry

Perturbation of Igf2bp1 Transcriptome Upon the Interplay Between Mir-486-5p and Let-7a

Authors: Mourad HA, Assal RA, Youness RA, El Tayebi HM, Abdelaziz AI
Comments: 4 Pages.

Background: Activation of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling cascade is a hallmark in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our previous work, we showed that miR-486-5p acts as a tumor suppressor miRNA in HCC mainly by vertically blocking IGF-1/IGF-1R axis and its downstream signaling mediators STAT3, mTOR and c-Myc. Recently, it was reported that the proto-oncogene c-Myc directly down-regulates the tumor suppressor miRNA, let-7a, especially in HCC and that let-7 directly targets the oncogenic RNA binding protein IGF2BP1. Aim: Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the indirect interplay between microRNAs; miR-486-5p and miR-let- 7a through c-MYC thereby its effect on a vital member of IGF-axis, IGF2BP1, in HCC. Methods: Huh-7 cell lines were cultured and transfected using miR-486-5p mimics using lipofection technique. Forty-eight hours post transfection, total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed into cDNA, and finally amplified and quantified using q-RT-PCR. Impact of miR-486-5p on cell cycle was assessed using cell cycle vectors carrying response elements for the cell cycle protein c-Myc. Results: Efficient delivery of miR-486-5p in Huh-7 cells was obtained, where mimicked cells showed more than 8000 folds increase in miR-486-5p expression level. Ectopic expression of miR- 486-5p in Huh-7 cells resulted in a significant decrease in c-Myc protein expression, an increase in the expression level of the tumor suppressor, let-7a and finally forcing the expression of miR-486-5p showed a significant repression of the oncogenic validated target of let-7a, IGF2BP1. Conclusions: This study shows a novel mechanism of action of the tumor suppressor miR-486-5p. MiR-486-5p was found to indirectly repress an essential member of IGF-axis, the oncogenic RNA binding protein IGF2BP1, mainly through decreasing c-MYC expression and up regulating let-7a expression.
Category: Biochemistry

Management Of Localised Postoperative Bile Collections

Authors: Hrbatý Boris, Shilova Nataliya1, Mižičková Magdaléna, Reis Richard1, Vrtík Luděk, Čambal Marek, Labaš Peter, Kostka Vladimír, Javorka Vladimír
Comments: 7 Pages.

The authors deal with their experience with conservative management of a rare compliction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy – formation of biloma. Biloma is to be expected, when a patient after uneventfull cholecystectomy starts to have mild temperatures, persisting upper abdominal pain and elevation of leukocytes number and level of CRP. It depends on the dynamics of the clinical picture and the size of bile collection, what kind of management would be the most appropriate in each specific case. Not always, the reoperation is necessary. It depends on the summary of all above mentioned results (CRP, Leukocytes count, temperature, evidence of peritoneal irritation or peritonitis, size of collection on US – CT imaging studies, interdisplinary cooperation and discussion with radiologists and endoscopists). Of course when necessary, the invasive therapy is indicated with following possibilities: US or CT guided suction drainage, endoscopic stent or surgical approach – i. e. reoperation.
Category: Biochemistry

Technical Challenges During Therapeutic Ercp in a Patient with Situs Inversus Totalis

Authors: Shruti Khurana, Hani Zamil, Erik Rahimi, Sushovan Guha, Nirav Thosani
Comments: 1 Page.

Situs inversus totalis is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder occurring in 0.01% of the population. The reversal of visceral organs poses technical difficulties for therapeutic intervention during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We describe a unique case of a patient with situs inversus who underwent therapeutic ERCP for management of choledocholithiasis.
Category: Biochemistry

Emerging Insights into the Moonlighting Functions and Evolutionary Origins of Mitochondrial RNA Methyltransferases

Authors: Sam Manna, Ashley Harman
Comments: 2 Pages.

RNA methyltransferases mediate the addition of methyl groups to ribonucleotides. Such modifications have implications for the structure and function of RNA. While methylation is reported in mitochondrial RNAs, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions often remain elusive; however with advances in sequencing technologies, genomic analysis is beginning to uncover their identities. Due to the complex evolutionary history of mitochondria, little is known about the origin and function of methyltransferases. This article explores two emerging families of mitochondrial RNA methyltransferases. We discuss the evidence suggesting they possess diverse bacterial (endosymbiotic and non-endosymbiotic) origins and have acquired functions in addition to methylation
Category: Biochemistry

Increasing Breeding Without Breeding (BwB) Efficiency: Full Vs. Partial-Pedigree Reconstruction in Lodgepole Pine

Authors: Yousry A. El-Kassaby, Tomas Funda, Cherdsak Liewlaksaneeyanawin
Comments: 6 Pages.

The advantage of paternity assignment in assembling structured pedigree for breeding is investigated using two sampling methods; namely, family array (known maternal parent) and random offspring (unknown maternal and paternal parents) collected from an openpollinated lodgepole pine experimental population with known parents (N = 74) using nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. Offspring of equivalent sample sizes representing the family array (n = 619) and random offspring (n = 635) were genotyped and subjected to partial and full pedigree reconstruction, respectively. The full pedigree reconstruction assembled substantially larger number of full-sib families than the partial (446 vs. 268) and interestingly the two methods detected equivalent amount of external gene flow to the experimental population. The superiority of the random offspring over the family array sampling in producing more full-sib families was attributed to its better representation of the parental population, as random sampling included offspring from most parents as compared to the parent-limited family array. Owing to the observed advantages, the full pedigree reconstruction could be employed as an alternative to the breeding phase commonly required in conventional breeding programs for the development of structured pedigree needed for genetic parameters estimation.
Category: Biochemistry

A Young Man Dying Of Fulminant Hepato-Renal Syndrome The Tagging To Alcohol Addiction Obscured the Diagnosis and Precluded the Treatment of Chronic Viral Hepatitis (HBV, HCV, HDV) As the Cause of His Liver Cirrhosis

Authors: Kari Syrjänen, Pentti Sipponen, Matti Härkönen, Hannes Tamm
Comments: 7 Pages.

Discourse: The present report describes a 47-year-old man who was referred to hospital due to liver cirrhosis and acute hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) that rapidly progressed, and of which he died within two months. As a result of a sequence of unfortunate events in his management, including an inaccurate and in part erroneous record of the patient’s past history, alcohol was considered as the sole cause of the liver failure (ALD), importantly, without taking a liver biopsy. The patient was ranked outside curative therapy, including renal replacement therapy (RRT) as the bridge to eventual liver transplantation. Instead, he received two courses of corticosteroids (for ALD). The negative serology for hepatitis viruses was not controlled, until in the other hospital during the final days before death, when the patient tested positive for HBV (HBsAb). Autopsy: At autopsy, the liver was large (2.800 g) with micronodular cirrhosis but no typical signs of ALD. When examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC), liver cells were extensively loaded with HBV, HCV and HDV, implicating an activation of a latent chronic viral hepatitis during the hospitalization, and massive replication of all three hepatotrophic viruses. This activation, remaining unnoticed by the clinicians, obviously resulted in acute-on-chronic fulminant viral hepatitis with rapid and fatal liver failure. Conclusions: By labeling the patient’s liver failure as ALD obscured adequate search for other potential causative factors for the patient´s HRS. This is most unfortunate, because standard curative medical treatments (DAA, direct acting antivirals) are available for viral hepatitis, and their diagnosis by biopsy should be straightforward. In contrast, treatment with steroids is contraindicated in viral hepatitis.
Category: Biochemistry

Elejalde Syndrome: The Silvery Hair Syndrom

Authors: Fehmida Najmuddin, Rajesh Rai, Keya Lahiri, Priya Patil Cholera
Comments: 2 Pages.

Elejalde Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The characteristic features are silvery hair and profound central nervous system dysfunction. Unevenly distributed melanin granules are observed on hair analysis. We hereby describe, a two and half year old female child with neuroregression, diffuse hypopigmentation and silvery hair who was diagnosed to have this syndrome.
Category: Biochemistry

Engineering or Biology?

Authors: Miguel Burgos
Comments: 2 Pages.

About ten thousand years ago, after the climate change at the end of the last glacial period, humans started producing their own food by farming instead of being nomadic hunters. This was the beginning of a long period in which artificial selection led to the domestication of many animal, vegetal, and even microbial species by indirectly manipulating their genotypes through phenotypic selection of traits of interest. Thus, we unconsciously started to genetically modify other species at the “neolithic revolution”.
Category: Biochemistry

Will Sars-Cov-2 Become Mild Like a Cold?

Authors: Patrick Douglas Shaw Stewart
Comments: 16 Pages.

Several recent studies conclude that an increase in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be ruled out. However, this does not mean that increased pathogenicity is probable. Note that SARS-CoV-2 is a "direct" respiratory virus - meaning it is usually spread by the respiratory route but does not routinely pass through the lymphatics like measles and smallpox. Moreover, it is not normally spread by the fecal-oral route. Providing its tropism does not change, it will be unique if its pathogenicity does not decrease over time until it becomes similar to influenza and common cold viruses. As pointed out by Ewald in the 1980s, most respiratory viruses, unlike many other viruses, benefit greatly from the mobility of their hosts, creating a strong selective pressure favoring respiratory virus strains that cause only mild symptoms. In this review, I discuss the biological factors that tend to reduce the pathogenicity of respiratory viruses, including sensitivity to heat (which means the virus is less likely to multiply in warmer areas such as the lungs) and alterations to the cleavage sites and binding domains on the virus's surface proteins. Increasing immunity within a host population may increase selection for mild strains. Conversely, several biological factors could potentially increase respiratory viruses’ pathogenicity. These include the virus replicating in the lymphatic system, spreading via solid surfaces, and transmitting through fecal matter, including contaminated water. Furthermore, human activities and political events could increase the harmfulness of SARS-CoV-2. These include the following: large-scale testing, especially by methods where the test results are delayed by one or more days, such as PCR tests; the spread of the virus in settings where people are close together and not free to move around; poor hygiene facilities in developing countries; and social, political, or cultural influences that encourage people to remain socially active when they are sick, including political crises such as wars. If we can avoid these and similar eventualities, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 will evolve to become milder, eventually becoming another common cold virus. However, the timescale is uncertain. Observations of previous influenza and influenza-like pandemics suggest that in the absence of effective medical interventions, it may take two or three decades for the virus to become indistinguishable from other cold viruses.
Category: Biochemistry

The Association Between Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention, Recovery, and Recurrence: a Narrative Review

Authors: Shazia Tahira
Comments: 23 Pages. DOI: 10.61838/kman.hn.1.4.7

Cancer is the first most common cause of mortality in the United Kingdom and, after cardiovascular diseases, the second most common cause of mortality globally, accounting for around one in six deaths worldwide. The gravity of this situation highlights the need to find effective ways for prevention and adequate recovery from cancer. Physical activity includes all energy-consuming bodily movements that are produced using skeletal muscles. One in four, or 28%, adults do not engage in adequate physical activity. Physical inactivity is currently the fourth major risk factor for mortality worldwide. Around one-third of deaths from cancer are caused by inadequate physical activity and diet-related factors. Physical activity is associated with both cancer risk and survival for several cancer types; therefore, for controlling cancer, the role of physical activity may be crucial. In this study, a narrative review is presented about physical activity and its association with cancer prevention, recovery, and recurrence. Participation in adequate physical activity is linked to a decreased risk of various cancer types such as breast, endometrial, kidney/renal, colon, rectal, liver, lung, bladder, head and neck cancer, gastric cardia, esophageal adenocarcinoma, myeloma, myeloid leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma; furthermore, it aids cancer patients of all ages in recovery by reducing the cancer treatment side effects, improving physical fitness, mental health, and quality of life; and additionally, decreases the risk of cancer recurrence after remission. Physical activity impacts cellular processes and tumor growth by controlling body weight and metabolic variables, enhancing mitochondrial and immune function, controlling genomic instability, releasing myokines, and regulating several hormones and circulating biomarkers such as insulin and bile acid. Combining physical activity and therapy is not frequent in real-world settings. Physical symptoms such as pain and fatigue, lack of motivation, lack of time, and lack of exercise information are the major hindrances to physical activity. Therefore, personalized physical activity goals are recommended for all ages, such as active play for children with cancer. In conclusion, an increase in all types of physical activity in all domains of life in the general population and cancer patients according to the recommended guidelines or adapted according to the individual needs of patients can significantly contribute to reducing the burden of cancer and improving overall well-being. Furthermore, there is a need for future studies exploring different domains, various specific types of physical activity, and the association of physical activity with specific cancer sites, with currently limited studies.
Category: Biochemistry

The Kilimanjaro Hypothesis: Sexual Reproduction as a Conserver of Replicative Fidelity and an Adaptation to Unstable Environments

Authors: Patrick Douglas Shaw Stewart
Comments: 14 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article in pdf only!)

This review examines three critical questions in evolutionary biology: (1) why do virtually all multicellular and many unicellular organisms reproduce sexually? (2) Why have some animals evolved extravagant ornaments and complex mating rituals that appear detrimental? (3) How does natural selection maintain high-fidelity genetic replication? I present a simple "Kilimanjaro hypothesis" to answer these questions. First, I note that the genes that specify the proteins that replicate DNA are subject to mutation, so replicative fidelity must vary between individuals. Moreover, many organisms choose their mates by responding to various complex biochemical mechanisms, physical displays, and behaviors, generated by many gene products acting together. I propose that natural selection consistently adds unnecessary complexity to the mechanisms that transfer genetic material between individuals, and since most mutations are either harmful or neutral, mutator mutations are likely to disrupt these mechanisms. Sex may, therefore, provide a filter to reduce the dissemination of mutator mutations. Sex may also have allowed ancient organisms to colonize unstable environments where strong selective pressures would apply. This can explain many puzzling biological phenomena. For example, the migration and spawning of Atlantic salmon and the complex displays of birds of paradise may be best understood as "tests" to show that potential mates possess genes for high-fidelity genetic replication. Animals that have developed ornaments that appear harmful, such as peacocks, and animals that undertake remarkable migrations, such as monarch butterflies, may provide conspicuous examples of such tests. I also make suggestions for experiments to test the hypothesis.
Category: Biochemistry

The Kilimanjaro Hypothesis: Sexual Reproduction as a Conserver of Replicative Fidelity and an Adaptation to Unstable Environments

Authors: Patrick Douglas Shaw Stewart
Comments: 13 Pages. Thx for running this great service!

This review focuses on three critical questions in evolutionary biology: (1) why do virtually allmulticellular and many unicellular organisms reproduce sexually? (2) Why have some animals,such as peacocks and birds of paradise, evolved extravagant ornaments and complex matingrituals that appear detrimental? (3) How does natural selection maintain high-fidelity geneticreplication? I present a simple "Kilimanjaro hypothesis" that attempts to answer all threequestions. First, I note that the proteins that replicate DNA are themselves specified by genesthat must, of course, be subject to mutation. This means that replicative fidelity must varybetween individuals. Moreover, many organisms choose their mates by responding to variousbiochemical mechanisms, physical displays, and complex behaviors, often generated by theinteraction of many gene products acting together. I propose that natural selection consistentlyadds unnecessary complexity to the mechanisms that transfer genetic material betweenindividuals. Since most mutations are either harmful or neutral, mutator mutations are likely todisrupt these mechanisms - which must reduce the chance that individuals with error-pronereplisomes will mate successfully. Therefore, sex, with its many diverse and intricate variations,may have evolved partly to provide an effective filter to reduce the dissemination of mutatormutations. Sex may, in particular, have allowed ancient organisms to colonize unstableenvironments where intense selective pressures would apply. Many puzzling biologicalphenomena among sexual organisms can be explained along these lines. The migration andspawning of Atlantic salmon and the complex displays of birds of paradise may, for example, bebest understood as "tests" to establish that potential sexual partners possess genes for highfidelity genetic replication. Animals that have developed ornaments that appear harmful, suchas peacocks, and animals that undertake remarkable migrations, such as arctic terns andmonarch butterflies, may provide conspicuous examples of such tests. I also make suggestionsfor experiments to test the hypothesis.
Category: Biochemistry

Dry Eye Pain Relief by Eating a Special Oily Food

Authors: Carl Littmann
Comments: 3 Pages.

This simple article is based mainly on simple empirical experience. It describes a simple way that seems to stop dry eye related pain, a condition very troubling to many people who are usually of late middle-age and beyond. In short, the solution may be as easy as obtaining from a quality Chinese restaurant an order of Shrimp Fried Rice, adding some soy sauce. Then taking about 1/3 cup of that snack, and mixing into it an extra 5 teaspoons of Canola Oil, heating it and eating it. And also very importantly, then drinking about 2/3rd cup of water. (Then, if the room is cool or clammy, going to a very warm room for 5 minutes.) All that should help in less than 5 minutes. And if the problem reoccurs later in the day, then, with some of the ‘left-over’, repeat. But if no help obtained, just discontinue. And of course, discuss health problems with your professional healthcare provider. Optionally, see more thoughts and details below:
Category: Biochemistry

Mechanisms that Could Increase Cancer Vulnerability in Covid-19 Mrna Vaccine Recipients

Authors: Paz Azakarian
Comments: 2 Pages.

The BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines have been rolled out globally in high numbers. Even minimal risk groups have been fully vaccinated in many countries. We observe certain links that show there are ways cancer can have an easier path to establishing itself as a result of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.
Category: Biochemistry

Ad26.cov2.s Vaccine Safety and Effectivity Profile

Authors: Paz Azakarian, Mino Hazit
Comments: 8 Pages.

Janssen’s SARS-CoV-2 vaccine “Ad26.CoV2.S” reported 66.9% efficacy in the trial [1]. The safety and efficacy report contains certain statistics that do not hold any value without further elaboration. The protocols set to define COVID severities do not capture enough data to validify efficacy of preventive-type medicine. Self reported side effects also suggest the safety profile needs reevaluation.
Category: Biochemistry

Quantum State Transition from Liquid to Vapor Water by Physiological Entanglement

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 10 Pages. 2 figures

A liquid water state transition to vapor at the physiological parameter is hereby described by adenylate cyclase (AC) function in neuronal membranes, across hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. The cerebral enzymatic reactions involves Mg exceeding ATP as a substrate reacting with polymeric liquid H2O (n=3.4) to produce Pyrophosphate (Pi) and AMP. The closing of the ring to form cAMP and release H2O. The individual molecules by forming entangled pairs, which could not fit into the active site, avoid reentering in a backward reaction. Thus, but still have turnover to free the enzyme from the product to interact with substrate polymeric liquid water, complete its cycle and eludes microscopic reversibility. The latter, vapor state is present at 5% concentration in exhaled air. This physiological state transition allows that the critical point for change of state, for 500ml water within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs at 36.6 oC. The entangled pairs as a whole adopt an entanglement state. Obviously, the individual molecules could not circulate in the vapor state within the astrocytes system. However, paired do at a rate of 1.6E16 pairs per milliseconds (ms), greater that AC operational turnover. The water paired structure could oscillate between two states, one entangled by two oxygen atoms in the pair, and the other, by two structures of two entangled hydrogen atoms in the pair. The system allows directionality propagation to the uniformly entangled pairs allows by the hierarchical of the initial effect. At a dissipative forming rate of 1.6E16 pairs per ms allow a liquid state to water within the astrocytes. Individual molecules were operated by entanglement to allow a physiological function of cooling the body by releasing heat as vapor, at body temperature. Energy-Consuming Processes in the Brain by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), adrenaline in tissues AC, and noradrenaline (NA) activated AC in brain. The glycogenolysis actions and the adenylate-cyclase cascade, coupled to the release of vapor out of the system. These create an open system preventing any metabolic reversibility even by a short time to the functional brain.
Category: Biochemistry

Integral Forms for the Quantum he Hamiltonian Approximation of Chemical Bonds in Rna and Protein Scaling Comparisons

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 11 Pages. No comments

In the paper a mathematical method, originated from studies of nonlinear partial differential equations, is applied to the He approximation of outer electron chemical bonds. The results can be used in the study of large molecules like RNA and proteins. We follow a pairwise atom by atom coordinates approximation. Coordinates can be obtained from crystallography or electron microscopy. The present paper solely presents the proof of concept of the existence of an algorithm. It is expected that such algorithm can be employed in studies of larger molecules.
Category: Biochemistry

Chemistry of Life from the Perspective of Earth Being a Cooling Star

Authors: Ivo Van Der Rijt
Comments: 15 Pages

This paper explores the chemistry of life origen from the perspective of Earth being a cooling star.
Category: Biochemistry

A Framework for Human Host Immune Responses to Four Types of Parasitic Infections

Authors: Wan-Chung Hu
Comments: 7 Pages.

Human host immune responses to parasitic infections are complex. They can be categorized into four immunological pathways against four types of parasitic infections. For intracellular protozoa, the eradicable host immunological pathway is TH1 immunity involving macrophages, interferon gamma (IFNg) CD4 T cells, innate lymphoid cells 1 (ILC1), CD8 T cells, invariant natural killer T cells 1 (iNKT1) cells, and immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) B cells. For free-living extracellular protozoa, the eradicable host immunological pathway is TH22 immunity involving neutrophils, interleukin (IL)-22/IL-17 CD4 T cells, innate lymphoid cells 3 (ILC3), iNKT17 cells, and IgG2 B cells. For endoparasites (helminths), the eradicable host immunological pathway is TH2a immunity with inflammatory eosinophils (iEOS), IL-5/IL-4 CD4 T cells, IL-25 inducing inflammatory innate lymphoid cells 2 (iILC2), mast cells-tryptase (MCt), iNKT2 cells, and IgG4 B cells. For ectoparasites (parasitic insects and arachnids), the eradicable host immunological pathway is TH2b immunity with inflammatory basophils, mast cells-tryptase/chymase (MCtc), IL-3/IL-4 CD4 T cells, IL-33 inducing nature innate lymphoid cells 2 (nILC2), iNKT2 cells, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) B cells. The tolerable host immunity against ectoparasites and endoparasites is TH9 immunity with regulatory eosinophils, regulatory basophils, IL-9 mast cells (MMC9), thymic stromal lymphopoietin inducing innate lymphoid cells 2, IL-9 CD4 T cells, iNKT2 cells, and IgA2 B cells. This categorization provides a complete framework of immunological pathways against four types of parasitic infections.
Category: Biochemistry

A Framework of Host Immune Responses Against Four Types of Parasitic Infections

Authors: Wan-Chung Hu
Comments: 5 Pages.

Host immunity against parasitic infections are complicated. It will be categorized into four immunological pathways against four types of parasitic infections. For intracellular protozoa, the host immunological pathway is TH1 immunity with macrophages, IFNg CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and IgG3 B cells. For free living extracellular protozoa, the host immunological pathway is TH22 immunity with neutrophils, IL-22/IL-17 CD4 T cells, and IgG2 B cells. For helminths (endoparasites), the host immunological pathway is TH2a immunity with eosinophils, IL-5/IL-4 CD4 T cells, and IgG4 B cells. For insects (ectoparasites), the host immunological pathway is TH2b immunity with basophils, mast cells, IL-3/IL-4 CD4 T cells, and IgE B cells. Thus, the framework of the whole immunological pathways against four types of parasitic infection is given.
Category: Biochemistry

The Spreading and Invasion of Bacteriofags and Virulent Agens to Health Cells and MHC (MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX) Response

Authors: Imrich Krištof
Comments: 6 Pages.

This new paper describes the nowdays phenomena virion diseases, like for example Covid-19, herpes virion, influenza virion, cancer virion and HIV. Contemporary Biotech science even can resolve this difficult situation of health of whole world population. In some case can successfully regenerated, reanimated, restart the health for people in the most exploatated regions or countries on the whole world. Also has the great significance discoveries crisper/Cas9, genetic scissors which can improve the genome of whole world population. (Jennifer A. Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry in 2020).
Category: Biochemistry

Curcumin Combination Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer

Authors: Shazia Tahira
Comments: 18 Pages.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancer and there is innate resistance to standard chemotherapy regimens in pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine was approved in 1996 for the chemotherapeutic treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin) and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel combination therapies have shown superiority to gemcitabine monotherapy but are more toxic than gemcitabine monotherapy. Therefore, gemcitabine monotherapy is still one of the standard treatments for pancreatic cancer for patients who can’t tolerate the toxicity of other chemotherapeutic regimens. The effectiveness of standard chemotherapeutic drugs is limited in pancreatic cancer due to drug resistance, and undesirable side effects. There is a likelihood that the combination of standard chemotherapy with natural compounds having anti-cancer potential like curcumin will increase the effectiveness of treatment as well as reduce the toxic side effects of standard chemotherapeutic agents. Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and is considered a promising anticancer agent. Here, a review is presented about the potential use of curcumin with standard chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer as there is a potential in different combination regimens of curcumin in pancreatic cancer to increase median survival in pancreatic cancer in comparatively less toxic, novel ways. Also, curcumin combination chemotherapy may lead to the improvement of cancer and chemotherapy-related symptoms. The poor bioavailability of curcumin has been the major obstacle for its clinical application. To overcome this problem, several curcumin preparations have been developed including cost-effective preparation methods to increase the bioavailability of curcumin. Different studies have shown that gemcitabine curcumin combination regimen can effectively increase survival with less toxicity in patients who are resistant to gemcitabine and can’t even tolerate the toxicity of other chemotherapeutic combination regimens. Although clinical trials are needed, Paclitaxel and curcumin cobound albumin nanoparticles also have the potential to become another alternative chemotherapeutic regimen for pancreatic cancer. For those patients who can tolerate gemcitabine paclitaxel regimen toxicity, there can also be a future possibility of using paclitaxel and curcumin cobound albumin nanoparticles with gemcitabine and this triple therapy may have enhanced therapeutic effects with comparatively less toxic effects. Curcumin has shown its effectiveness with the constituents of FOLFIRINOX in other types of cancers, therefore there is a need for curcumin FOLFIRINOX combined clinical trials in pancreatic cancer as curcumin has the potential to increase the effectiveness of FOLFIRINOX as well as reduce its toxic side effects.
Category: Biochemistry

Potential Herbal-based Treatment for Covid-19, a Case for Papaya Leaves Extract

Authors: M.S. Shukor, M.Y. Shukor
Comments: 12 Pages.

COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is now a pandemic affecting humans at the global scale. Researchers are still trying to find a cure and a vaccine to fight the pandemic. Drug-based cure and vaccines are overwhelmingly virus-specific and newer drugs and vaccines are needed to resist new novel viral infections and resistant strains. The use of natural-based therapies including herbal remedies and plant-based extracts to fight viral infections is an ongoing work which has accelerated to a fast pace due to the severity of the current pandemic. Several approaches have been carried out including the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Papaya leaves extract (PLE) has been intensively studied for its antiviral, immunomodulatory and cytokine storm-alleviating properties in dengue-afflicted patients. These properties, especially PLE ability to inhibit TNF-alpha, hold promise for its capability as a possible weapon to fight COVID-19. This work attempts to put up a case for PLE as a conceivable weapon to fight COVID-19.
Category: Biochemistry

Papaya Leaves Extract: A Possible Weapon Against Covid 19?

Authors: M.S. Shukor, M.Y. Shukor
Comments: 9 Pages.

COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is now a pandemic affecting humans at a global scale. Researchers are still trying to find a cure and the vaccine to fight this disease. Drug-based cure and vaccines are overwhelmingly virus-specific and newer drugs and vaccines are needed to resist new novel viral infections and resistant strains. The use of herbal remedies and plant-based extracts to fight viral infections is an ongoing work which has accelerated to a fast pace due to the severity of the current pandemic. Several approaches have been carried out, including the use of Chinese herbal medicines and plant extracts which show good potential as inhibitors to several viruses including coronaviruses. Papaya leaves extract has been intensively studied for its antiviral, immunomodulatory and cytokine storm alleviating properties in dengue afflicted patients. These properties, especially the last two, hold promise for its capability as a possible weapon to fight COVID-19. This work attempts to put up a case for papaya leaves extract as a conceivable weapon to fight COVID-19.
Category: Biochemistry

Papaya Leaves Extract; a Possible Weapon Against Covid 19?

Authors: MS. Shukor, MY. Shukor
Comments: 8 Pages.

COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is now a pandemic affecting humans at a global scale. Researchers are still trying to find a cure and the vaccine to fight this disease. Drug-based cure and vaccines are overwhelmingly virus-specific and newer drugs and vaccines are needed to resist new novel viral infections and resistant strains. The use of herbal remedies and plant-based extracts to fight viral infections is an ongoing work which has accelerated to a fast pace due to the severity of the current pandemic. Several approaches have been carried out, including the use of Chinese herbal medicines and plant extracts which show good potential as inhibitors to several viruses including coronaviruses. Papaya leaves extract has been intensively studied for its antiviral, immunomodulatory and cytokine storm alleviating properties in dengue afflicted patients. These properties, especially the last two, hold promise for its capability as a possible weapon to fight COVID-19. This work attempts to put up a case for papaya leaves extract as a conceivable weapon to fight COVID-19.
Category: Biochemistry

Papaya Leaves Extract; a Possible Weapon Against Covid 19?

Authors: MS. Shukor, MY. Shukor
Comments: 8 Pages.

COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is now a pandemic affecting humans at a global scale. Researchers are still trying to find a cure and the vaccine to fight this disease. Drug-based cure and vaccines are overwhelmingly virus-specific and newer drugs and vaccines are needed to resist new novel viral infections and resistant strains. The use of herbal remedies and plant-based extracts to fight viral infections is an ongoing work which has accelerated to a fast pace due to the severity of the current pandemic. Several approaches have been carried out, including the use of Chinese herbal medicines and plant extracts which show good potential as inhibitors to several viruses including coronaviruses. Papaya leaves extract has been intensively studied for its antiviral, immunomodulatory and cytokine storm alleviating properties in dengue afflicted patients. These properties, especially the last two, hold promise for its capability as a possible weapon to fight COVID-19. This work attempts to put up a case for papaya leaves extract as a conceivable weapon to fight COVID-19.
Category: Biochemistry

Papaya Leaves Extract; a Possible Weapon Against Covid 19?

Authors: MS. Shukor, MY. Shukor
Comments: 7 Pages.

COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is now a pandemic affecting humans at a global scale. Researchers are still trying to find a cure and the vaccine to fight this disease. Drug-based cure and vaccines are overwhelmingly virus-specific and newer drugs and vaccines are needed to resist new novel viral infections and resistant strains. The use of herbal remedies and plant-based extracts to fight viral infections is an ongoing work which has accelerated to a fast pace due to the severity of the current pandemic. Several approaches have been carried out, including the use of Chinese herbal medicines and plant extracts which show good potential as inhibitors to several viruses including coronaviruses. Papaya leaves extract has been intensively studied for its antiviral, immunomodulatory and cytokine storm alleviating properties in dengue afflicted patients. These properties, especially the last two, hold promise for its capability as a possible weapon to fight COVID-19. This work attempts to put up a case for papaya leaves extract as a conceivable weapon to fight COVID-19.
Category: Biochemistry

Papaya Leaves Extract; a Possible Weapon Against Covid 19?

Authors: MS. Shukor, MY. Shukor
Comments: 6 Pages.

COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is now a pandemic affecting humans at a global scale. Researchers are still trying to find a cure and the vaccine to fight this disease. Drug-based cure and vaccine are overwhelmingly virus-specific and newer drugs and vaccines are needed to resist new novel viral infections. The use of herbal remedies and plant-based extracts to fight viral infections is an ongoing work which has accelerated to a fast pace due to the severity of the current pandemic. Several approaches have been carried out, including the use of Chinese herbal medicines and plant extracts which show good potential as inhibitors to several viruses including coronaviruses. Papaya leaves extract has been intensively studied for its antiviral, immunomodulatory and cytokine storm alleviating properties in dengue afflicted patients, and these properties, especially the last two, hold promise for its possible weapon to fight COVID-19. This work attempts to put up a case for papaya leaves extract as a conceivable weapon to fight COVID-19.
Category: Biochemistry

Papaya Leaves Extract; a Possible Weapon Against Covid-19?

Authors: MS. Shukor, MY. Shukor
Comments: 5 Pages.

COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is now a pandemic affecting humans at a global scale. Researchers are still trying to find a cure and the vaccine to fight this disease. Drug-based cure and vaccine are overwhelmingly virus-specific and newer drugs and vaccines are needed to resist new novel viral infections. The use of herbal remedies and plant-based extracts to fight viral infections is an ongoing work which has accelerated to a fast pace due to the severity of the current pandemic. Several approaches have been carried out, including the use of Chinese herbal medicines and plant extracts which show good potential as inhibitors to several viruses including coronaviruses. Papaya leaves extract has been intensively studied for its antiviral, immunomodulatory and cytokine storm alleviating properties in dengue afflicted patients, and these properties, especially the last two, hold promise for its possible weapon to fight COVID-19. This work attempts to put up a case for papaya leaves extract as a conceivable weapon to fight COVID-19.
Category: Biochemistry

The Vomeronasal Organ Functions in Entropy Dissipation, the Communication by Pheromones for a Feedback by the Pituitary Over Brain Plasticity and the Development of the Unconscious

Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 15 Pages. 4 figures

A model of human brain evolution should take in account the constitutive separation of two integrated parameters: the one for neuronal synapsis and circuits, from that by a multiple wrapped-around astrocytes and their exchanges. The main function of glial cells is the absorption of the generated, thermal-like breaking of H-bonds, from polymerized water provides the activation energy, coupled for the turnover of structural changes, between hydrophobic and hydrophilic enzyme forms. Thus, increasing rotational and vibrational kinetic activity, on the separated individual H2O molecules, but maintaining a liquid coherence, during circulation within astrocytes until the lower pressure at the vomeronasal organ (VNO) allows phase conversion to vapor, equivalent to entropy dissipation. The summation of the energy generated by metabolites and H-bond consumption allows the brain thermodynamics to support ratios between metabolite concentrations and the electrogenic action potential in dissipative states, within an open system. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from an evolutive disaggregation of the olfactory bulb, are still present as an olfactory epithelium, adapted for sex pheromones and behavioral responses stimulus on adenylate cyclase (AC) for cAMP-dependent unzipping of the DNA. It is a focused process to create neurons differentiated by where the cAMP is inserted, which creates specific neural circuits. Olfactory epithelium may hold the neurons with 7TM receptors for the saliva or pheromones, reaching the oral cavity with their axons crossing the BBB. This allows cffDNA response through cAMP complexing and messenger RNA expression into polypeptide holding a transitory memory during baby rearing, as a psychosomatic molecular carrier of emotional and communication needs of a newborn, which functions to form an unconscious level, which diversifies individual emotional characteristics, approaching a level of animic personalities, which when age allows a conscious level, could offer differentiable roles for social influences that allow the brain self-plasticity such as literacy.
Category: Biochemistry

Human DNA Polymerase η is a Reverse Transcriptase

Authors: Andrew Franklin, Edward J Steele
Comments: 9 Pages.

We are molecular immunologists and immunogeneticists, and we have spent decades working with our collaborators on the mechanism of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation. We bring to your attention an important issue of scientific priority and thus maintenance of the integrity of the published scientific record. We have just become aware of two articles published recently in the Journal of Biological Chemistry that describe the reverse transcriptase activity of human DNA polymerase η (Su et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019). We would like it to be noted that clear priority for the demonstration of the reverse transcriptase activity of human DNA polymerase η was published previously by us in the journal Immunology and Cell Biology (Franklin et al., 2004). Please find the abstracts of all three articles below. We would appreciate that our note here be published without delay in the Journal of Biological Chemistry and linked to both articles (Su et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019) so that the scientific record is corrected. Our collaborators and colleagues in the international scientific community are following developments closely with us and we look forward to this matter being resolved promptly by publication of this letter and necessary attachments (see short list of supporting colleagues below). Yours sincerely, Andrew Franklin PhD, Edward J. Steele PhD References Franklin A., Milburn P.J., Blanden R.V., Steele E.J. (2004). Human DNA polymerase-η , an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of rearranged immunoglobulin genes, is a reverse transcriptase. Immunol Cell Biol 82, 219–25. Su Y., Egli M., Guengerich F.P. (2017). Human DNA polymerase η accommodates RNA for strand extension. J Biol Chem 292, 18044–51. Su Y., Ghodke P.P., Egli M., Li L., Wang Y., Guengerich F.P. (2019). Human DNA polymerase η has reverse transcriptase activity in cellular environments. J Biol Chem, in press (published on March 6, 2019).
Category: Biochemistry

A First Artificial Life?

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 2 Pages.

I try to write a simple program for an artificial life
Category: Biochemistry

Kinetic Reevaluation on Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption by Arrowhead Plant (Sagittaria Trifolia L.) Stalkusing Using Deactivation Kinetics Model

Authors: Un-Ju Pak, Yon-Chol Kim, Chol Sin, Chang-Nam Ri, Ok-Sun Bok
Comments: 8 Pages.

The heavy metal ions adsorption from aqueous solution by arrowhead plant (Sagittaria trifolia L.) [J Food Biochem. 2018;42:e12448] stalk was reevaluated using deactivation kinetics model (DKM). As the result, the reaction orders were newly evaluated and the adsorption rate constants of each component were calculated and compared. Keywords: Adsorption Kinetics, Heterogeneous Reaction, Deactivation Kinetics Model
Category: Biochemistry

The General Theory of Stellar Metamorphosis Linked To Biology

Authors: Mell Lenz, Baz Taylor
Comments: 7 Pages.

Using findings from the Lenz/Taylor Prediction Map, it is shown how the plot points of human development can be applied to star evolution. While durations may differ wildly, the basic principles and characteristics of evolution of both organisms share similar characteristics. From this, we can emphasize a quote from Mr. Jeffrey Wolynski (founder of The General Theory of Stellar Metamorphosis); “We are connected to a stars evolution.” Further to that and on an individual level, we find that we as humans also mirror a stars evolution...
Category: Biochemistry