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Any replacements are listed farther down
[2263] viXra:2603.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2026-03-06 11:36:23
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 27 Pages.
Reconstructed are the fundamental basic ideas in a minimal superdeterminism-model. The global fixpoint structure codates measurements and apparates simultaneous, while an selector-operator generates stability and coherence via a minimal-principle. Discrete functions of measuring and on reproduce exactly the quantum correlations . The CHSH- correlations appear at the emergent quantum area , whereby the Bell-unequation appears as an emergent, not as a fundamental physical law. The minimal measurable deviation is . The model offers a consistent, logical structure, connecting superdeterminism and emergent effective quantum logic. Classical quantum structure appears not on a fundamental level but only as an emergent overlaying structure like in the demand of Einstein. Particularly in the connection with a theory of quantum gravity it is necessary to explore new ways of formulating fundamental spacetime-structures like quantum states to get greater significance in the clearness of a consistent underlying description.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2262] viXra:2603.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2026-03-01 01:26:38
Authors: J. E. S. Gustafsson
Comments: 148 Pages.
This theory is built from first principles, using Euclidean geometry and classical mechanics, and is designed to be accessible to readers with a basic understanding of physics. All constants are derived numerically, and the derived theory agrees with experimental data.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2261] viXra:2602.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-22 21:44:53
Authors: Tanuj Kumar, Vandana [Doe]
Comments: 15 Pages.
In Ref. [1], a bounded vacuum-capacity framework was developed in which gravitation arises from static, localized deficits of a scalar vacuum-potential field normalized by the equilibrium condition Φ→c^2 in asymptotically flat spacetime. The same capacity principle was shown to imply a universal maximum force and a signal-speed bound v≤c.In the present work, we develop the dynamical sector of this framework. Linearized fluctuations about a localized vacuum-deficit configuration are shown to satisfy a Klein—Gordon—type equation, with the mass parameter determined by the intrinsic oscillation frequency associated with curvature of the vacuum response. The resulting plane-wave solutions yield an invariant quadratic dispersion relation of the form E^2=p^2 c^2+m^2 c^4, arising directly from the bounded stiffness-to-inertia ratio of the vacuum medium. The velocity-dependent inertial response m(v)=m/√(1-v^2/c^2 ) follows from this dispersion structure. In the low-momentum regime, the Schrödinger equation emerges as the nonrelativistic limit.The mass parameter entering both static and dynamical sectors is identified with the asymptotic vacuum-loading parameter defined in Ref. [1], relating gravitational and inertial mass to a single localized vacuum configuration. The results establish a unified dynamical description in which relativistic and nonrelativistic quantum wave equations arise from bounded vacuum capacity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2260] viXra:2602.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-21 20:07:17
Authors: Lee Jin Woo
Comments: 10 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org!)
Building upon the Relational-Informational Model (RIM), where spacetime geometry emerges from the Quantum Fisher Information of an observer’s reduced density matrix, I extend the framework to derive all four fundamental interactions from a single information-geometric object: the mixed-state Quantum Geometric Tensor (msQGT).The observer, defined as a subsystem within a globally static universe (Hˆtot|Ψ⟩ = 0), is generically described by a mixed state ρObs = TrSys|Ψ⟩⟨Ψ|. The real symmetric part of the msQGT—the Quantum Fisher Information Metric—reproduces the spacetime metric and gravitational dynamics as established in the companion paper. The imaginary antisymmetric part—the Uhlmann curvature—encodes gauge field strengths. Crucially, the gauge group is determined by the degeneracy structure of ρObs: non-degenerate spectra yield U(1) electromagnetism, two-fold degeneracies produce SU(2) weak interactions, and three-fold degeneracies generate SU(3) color symmetry. I derive the Einstein—Hilbert and Yang—Mills actions from a unified information-theoretic variational principle, interpret coupling constants as geometric rigidities tied to the eigenvalue structure of ρObs, and present explicit toy-model calculations. The frame-work identifies open problems including fermion generations, mass hierarchy, and the cosmological constant. These results suggest that all fundamental interactions arecomplementary manifestations of one underlying quantum information geometry.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2259] viXra:2602.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-19 19:58:35
Authors: Tanuj Kumar, Vandana [Doe]
Comments: 23 Pages.
We present a framework in which gravitation, inertia, and wave dynamics emerge from the response of avacuum endowed with finite potential capacity. The theory is formulated in terms of a scalar vacuumpotentialfield whose absolute normalization is fixed by relativistic considerations, such that the equilibrium value at infinity equals c. Static relaxation of localized vacuum-potential deficits reproduces Newtonian gravity in the coarse-grained limit, while time-dependent redistribution generates propagating disturbances governed by a universal wave equation. Finite vacuum capacity implies intrinsic upper bounds on transmissible force and signal speed, yielding F_max = C^4/G and v ≤ c without invoking spacetime geometry or independent kinematic postulates. Vacuum microstructure further leads to a universal lattice dispersion relation with Planck-suppressed corrections, consistent with current astrophysical and gravitational-wave constraints. Gravitational redshift, lensing, horizons, and quantum correlations arise as energetic consequences of bounded vacuum response. The vacuum is modelled as a Dynamical Planck Network (DPN), providing a conservative and internally consistent bridge between relativistic gravitation and quantum wave phenomena.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2258] viXra:2602.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-18 20:16:28
Authors: Alaya Kouki
Comments: 47 Pages.
From Restraint Relativity it is possible to consider a corpuscle as a packet of strings. The variation of the length of this packet is equal to the phase speed of the corpuscle as a packet of waves times an universal constant. In a system of units whereħ=c=a=1 the string vector becomes equal to the wave vector.From quantum mechanics we had deduce that a Planck oscillator can emit or absorb power only by quanta of power multiple integer of hν^2. This allows us to divide space-time in modular cells of action, momentum, energyu2026etc in the phase space geometry of the oscillator and resolve the problem of vacuum energy density. Planck system of units serves only for black holes topology. Space-time is a four open dimensions. More than four the dimension should be curled. Resolving gravitation field by computer machine with model using modular cells will be without singularities . Einstein equations of gravitational field are available only in a quasi static asymptotically flat Universe. Constants G & Λ of General Relativity are proportional to the inverse square of the Universe radius. We propose a new model for the hydrogen atom based on vacuum energy. Vacuum energy its self depends on the dimensionality of space. For weak gravitational field the Infrared cut off depends on real particle (the electron) and for strong gravitational field the Ultraviolet cut off depends on fictive particle ( Planck atom). The holographic principle depends largely on the dimensionality of the space. Also the principle of uncertainty depends in which gravitational field considered weak or strong: we introduce for this Planck fine structure, Planck charge, Planck electric permittivity, Planck electric impedenceu2026etc.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2257] viXra:2602.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-11 20:46:17
Authors: V. F. Chibisov, I.V. Chibisov
Comments: 11 Pages. 22 figures.
This article is devoted to the presentation of the consequences of the models of the Corpuscular-Simple Theory (CST) [1], revealing the phenomena of gravity, antigravity, and non-reactive accelerated movement.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2256] viXra:2602.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-11 20:41:00
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 4 Pages.
A model is proposed in which space itself is not a fixed background object, but arises from ultrafast rotating of orthonormal quantum states. The fundamental frequency is (Planck time). Observable spatial and temporal quantities emerge as averages over many Planck cycles. The model provides natural explanations for: Lorentz invariance as effective symmetry, gravitation as a statistical mean of rotational dynamics and cosmic fluctuations as frozen rotational phases. Furthermore, experimentally accessible signatures are predicted, including transverse correlations in the holometer, time noise in atomic clocks, and quadratic Planck corrections for the speed of light.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2255] viXra:2602.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-08 19:50:50
Authors: Pavlo Kandyba
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific reference and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
A hypothesis based on expriment is proposed according to which the fabric of space-time isa superfluid subatomic medium in which matter exists as a process of vortex collapse ofcaverns (cavitation). Vortices are considered as thermodynamic phenomena associated withthermal motion and release of free energy of the medium, which is confirmed experimentallyin agreement with E = mc ^ 2, and are quantized due to superfluidity. Gravity is interpretedas a secondary effect of interaction of EM dipoles, which is supported by the hydrodynamicmodel.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2254] viXra:2602.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-08 14:16:07
Authors: Chance Moore
Comments: 28 Pages.
Despite radical shifts in medical, technological, and scientific capability, the phenomenon of consciousness has remained stubbornly elusive, even a hundred years after we mapped Time and Space. While many theories have been proposed, the barrier between the physical and the mental remains unreconciled. In Idiostasis, I propose both an identity model and an ontologically mathematical framework as a mechanistic solution to the ‘hard problem of consciousness,’ by considering the Universe as its own Observer, through a process of continually shifting perspective through orders of complexity. By this method, I propose a singular contextualization of the currently accepted mathematics of quantum physics through quantized self-measurement, conceptually reproducing both particles and the strong force, mathematical constants, and quantum activity, as well as demonstrating inherent mechanisms for quantum entanglement, quantized gravity, dark energy, dark matter, and how both the Riemann �� (Zeta) Function and Euler’s Identity may have foundational applications.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2253] viXra:2602.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-07 23:34:44
Authors: Bertrand Jarry
Comments: 31 Pages. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper presents a bottom-up unification of quantum mechanics, the Stan-dard Model, gravity, cosmology, and quantum gravity derived from a single minimal structure: a four-dimensional hypercubic spacetime lattice with local unitary nearest-neighbor evolution. All known physical laws emerge as continuum and long-wavelength limits of the discrete dynamics, while ultraviolet divergences and classical singularities are regulated by the lattice scale.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2252] viXra:2602.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-02 20:52:43
Authors: Lee Jin Woo
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
I present a rigorous formulation of the Relational-Informational Model (RIM), proposingthat spacetime geometry is not a fundamental background but an emergent property arisingfrom the entanglement structure between an observer and the universe. By defining theobserver as a quantum reference frame within a globally static universe (Htot|Ψ⟩= 0), I de-rive the spatial metric directly from the distinguishability of quantum states. Utilizing the Taylor expansion of the Bures distance, I prove that the physical metric corresponds to the Quantum Fisher Information Matrix (QFIM) of the observer’s reduced density matrix. Furthermore, addressing the critique regarding zero net flux in static Rindler frames, I employthe First Law of Entanglement Entropy involving the Modular Hamiltonian to demonstratethat the thermodynamic evolution of this informational geometry naturally obeys the Ein-stein field equations. This framework provides a concrete mathematical pathway unifyingQuantum Information Theory with General Relativity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2251] viXra:2602.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-02 17:57:12
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 4 Pages.
Studied is a product-polynomial truncation of the gravitational effective average action, exactly reproducing the Einstein—Hilbert sector and including the full set of quadratic curvature invariants in four dimensions.A non-Gaussian ultraviolet fixed point is found with exactly two relevant and two irrelevant directions, demonstrating the robustness of the Einstein—Hilbert sector under higher-curvature extensions. Quadratic curvature operators are irrelevant, dynamically generating the hierarchy required by gravitational effective field theory.No additional relevant Weyl-squared direction emerges, indicating a suppression of conformal spin-2 dynamics in the ultraviolet.The resulting RG flow predicts the infrared emergence of classical Einstein gravity and supports asymptotic safety as a consistent ultraviolet completion.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2250] viXra:2602.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-01 03:51:04
Authors: Bertrand Jarry
Comments: 15 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org) Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)
We present a complete bottom-up derivation of quantum mechanics and special relativity from a discrete spacetime lattice, with a rigorous framework for general relativity via induced gravity.The three-dimensional Schr¨odinger equation iℏ∂tψ = −(ℏ2/2m)∇2ψ emerges exactly from nearest-neighbor cellular automaton dynamics on a 4D hypercubic lattice in the con-tinuum limit. We prove Heisenberg uncertainty, quantum superposition, and entanglement as mathematical consequences of the discrete structure, with numerical validation to machine precision (< 10−14).Special relativity emerges when temporal spacing satisfies τ = a/c, yielding Minkowski metric ds2 = −c2dt2 + dx2 + dy2 + dz2 and mass-energy relation E2 = p2c2 + m2c4 from lattice dispersion.Newtonian gravity ∇2ϕ = 4πGρ is derived from variational principle on non-uniform lat-tices (Regge action), verified numerically to 90-95% accuracy. Complete GR tensor frame-work constructed with Schwarzschild solution verified to |Gµν | < 10−15.Most significantly, Newton's constant is analytically derived via induced gravity (Sakharov1967): G = −3π/[4Nf ln(am)] where a is lattice spacing, m is fermion mass, Nf is number of fermion species. With a ∼ ℓPlanck, m ∼ .46MPlanck, Nf = 3, we reproduce Gobs.The theory predicts quadratic Lorentz violation ∆E2 ∼ E4/E2QG with EQG ∼ 1016 GeV,testable with gamma-ray bursts.This represents: (1) first complete bottom-up QM derivation, (2) unified QM+SR emer-gence, (3) microscopic calculation of Newton's constant, and (4) falsifiable predictions at accessible energies.PACS: 03.65.Ta, 04.60.-m, 04.62.+v, 11.30.Cp.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2249] viXra:2601.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-27 00:35:05
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 5 Pages.
Introduced is a discrete, algebraic polynom regulator for the functional reormalization-group (FRG) in quantum gravity. The regulator bases on projections of the Laplace-Beltrami-operators and integrates all modi below a discrete scala exactly. The generated discrete RG-steps produce natural log-periodic oscillations and a fractal UV-structure, which agrees qualitative with results from Causal Dynamic Triangulations (CDT). The procedure is first applied to Einstein-Hilbert-truncation and then to elaborated truncations with and . Fixed points and critical exponents are analyzed. The iteration shows stable UV-fixed points and log-periodic patterns in all couplings. The approach offers a diffeomorphism-compatible, exact and discrete alternative to standard regulators in FRG and opens up new possibilities for the study of fractal spacetime structures.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2248] viXra:2601.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-27 00:25:37
Authors: Hao Shen, Qu Zhang, Ruipeng Ma
Comments: 26 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper constructs a unified theoretical framework based on first principles—i.e.,how the universe generates from its most fundamental state—connecting quantum vacuum genesis, the origin of fundamental physical constants, the Standard Model of particlephysics, and cosmic dynamics. The core breakthrough of the theory lies in identifying amathematical-physical structure termed the "core constant cluster" from the physical mechanism of cosmic genesis. This structure consists of four mutually nested and constraining constants: the golden ratio ϕ ≈ 1.618, the core functional dimension n = 5, the fractal dimension Df ≈ 2.736, and the quantum error correction threshold pk ≈ 0.189. This paper demonstrates that these constants are inevitable products of the intrinsic holographic fractal geometry of the vacuum after spontaneous supersymmetry breaking, rather than being introduced through reverse artificial fitting. On the basis of clarifying the origin and fundamental principles of this constant cluster, this paper forwardly deduces the fundamental physical constants—the speed of light c, Planck’s constant h, and the gravitational constant G—mediated via a Nambu-Goldstone scalar field derived from conformal symmetry breaking. Research indicates that these three constants possess scale-dependence compatible with Lorentz covariance, their evolution regulated by the role density ρR and the fractal dimension Df , while the universality of the fine-structure constant α is strictly maintained. Within this theoretical framework, gravity is redefined as a "holographic tension field" emerging from the collective synergistic effects of quantum "role basis vectors" (mathematically represented as |Li⟩ = Γi ⊗ ˆψi, where Γi is an irreducible representation of the SO(10) group). The observational phenomena of dark matter and dark energy are naturally explained as gravitational enhancement effects of this tension field at low role density and fractal synergistic repulsion effects at cosmological scales. This explanation does not require introducing any unknown particles or a cosmological constant; dark matter and dark energy are viewed as normal manifestationsof gravity as defined herein under different scales and conditions, rather than being causedby undiscovered matter or energy. This theory exhibits a high degree of consistency across multiple key observational tests: fitting the rotation curves of 153 galaxies in the SPARC sample yields a root mean square error of only 4.7km/s, with the Bayesian Information Criterion significantly outperforming mainstream models such as SIDM, FDM, and f (R) gravity; combined constraints from baryon acoustic oscillations and Type Ia supernova data yield a predicted Hubble constant H0 = 67.9 ± 0.4km/s/Mpc, alleviating the current Hubble tension to the 2.1σ confidence level; the relative error of the predicted peak positions of the cosmic microwavebackground radiation power spectrum is less than 0.3%. Through research on quantum origins, this paper compatibly embeds the core constantcluster with the Standard Model of particle physics. The theory provides natural explana-tions for long-standing unresolved problems such as the origin of three fermion generations,neutrino mass and mixing angles, and the Higgs mechanism. Finally, under the premise of strictly rigid calculation without modifying specific experimental conditions, this pa-per proposes five experimentally verifiable predictions covering microscopic, mesoscopic,strong-field, and cosmological scales, each with its own defined 3σ statistical rejection line.This framework is mathematically self-consistent and complete, is in principle falsifiableby experiment, and provides a novel approach with a clear empirical path for exploring uni-fied theories beyond the current scope of the standard cosmological model and quantumfield theory. At the very least, even if this paper only serves to provide a new line of thought for related research, this work holds its own value.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2247] viXra:2601.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-27 00:09:34
Authors: Malcolm McCoard
Comments: 19 Pages. License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
A new spacetime hypothesis is presented, based upon two simple and justified propositions. Firstly, that spacetime like mass, is fundamentally energy and secondly that the proportional equivalence of mass and energy, can therefore be applied to Newton’s laws of motion. This unconventional approach creates a force in proportion to spacetime energy momentum change, potentially reconciling Newton’s and Einstein’s models of gravity, providing a basis for universal gravity, and why mass bends spacetime. Postulating a consequential modification to the big bang, requires that inflation creates simultaneous exponential uniform compression and therefore time dilation, in accordance with general relativity. Continuous ongoing time dilated release of infinite spatial energy, along the temporal plane, creates the 4th dimension of Minkowski’s spacetime, aligning it with the mathematical framework describing general relativity and continuously expands spacetime. Time Dilated Spacetime Energy Release or TDSER has a perfect fit with dark energy and how we experience time, including special and general relativity. Unreleased spacetime compressed invisibly along the temporal plane is an excellent candidate for dark matter. Consistent conjecture is presented on the first moment of creation; a big bang starting from nothing, creates familiar dimensions, all necessarily at 90 degrees. A contender for a single unifying force follows and is shown to match equations describing Plank’s force and create Newton’s second law, quantum gravity and quantum inertia. This approach potentially explains relativistic mass on a cause-and-effect basis and why nucleons have a greater mass than the sum of their parts. Consistent conjecture brings cause-and-effect to virtual force-carrying particles and wave particle duality. Proof is challenging and limited for such extensive claims, as TDSER does not modify the behaviour of spacetime, rather it aligns with existing frameworks. Hence this article, in attempting to describe an overall picture, falls between physics research and science philosophy. This article is a call to action to debate and develop these ideas further; the potential is considerable, a consistent cause-and-effect basis for physics at all scales.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2246] viXra:2601.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-22 00:43:42
Authors: Andrew W. Beckwith
Comments: 6 Pages. [a] part of a book Pathways to Quantum cosmology [to be released] in late March 2026
We consider if a generalized HUP set greater than or equal to Planck’s constant divided by the square of a scale factor as well as an inflation field, yield the result that Delta E times Delta t is embedded in a 5 dimensional field which is within a deterministic structure. Our proof ends with Delta t as of Planck time yielding an enormous potential energy. If that potential energy is induced by a repeating universe structure, we get for free a value of Delta E Delta t almost infinite in value which supports a prior conclusion.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2245] viXra:2601.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-19 20:59:02
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 17 Pages.
Discussed is the possibility to overlap several temporal structures of events with time-difference on a timelike wordline or bundles/bunches of familar worldlines through a form of resonance process, which identifies the events on an eigenwert-scale with one another. This overlapping-effect of different timelike incidents on the same worldline or worldbundle will cause a form of "time travel" with several consequences. These consequences are discussed. May be, that by this process a form of information transport can occur over timelike distance-intervalls on the same global timelike wordline through a sort of identification folding resp. approximation of eigenvalue alignments of incidents without energy transport. Mathematically used for this description is a Super-Schroedinger-equation, which solutions are Schroedinger-equations for single and multiple resonance-states.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2244] viXra:2601.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-13 01:21:15
Authors: Constantin Sandu
Comments: 8 Pages.
In two earlier studies, we demonstrated that due to the enormous accelerations arising during the perpendicular reflection of a photon by a mirror, the photon’s energy distribution behaves as a quadrupole, thereby generating a graviton (or gravitational wavelet) at the same frequency and direction as the reflected photon. The results shown that the energy Eg of a graviton is Eg=χ*ν^3 (where χ* in an universal constant) and not Eg=kν1 as it is hypothesized today in the quantum theories of gravity. For simplicity, in the early studies, only the contribution of the quadrupole component Q_xx at the reflection of a photon by a mirror was previously considered. Here, we extend the analysis to include all quadrupole components associated with perpendicular photon reflection in the case of a resonant cavity. By applying the standard Einstein quadrupole radiation formula, we demonstrate again in a more accurate manner that the energy of the emitted graviton scales as ν^3, revealing a direct coupling between electromagnetism and gravitation. This finding challenges the long-standing but unverified assumption that graviton energy depends linearly on frequency (ν^1). Our results establish that quantum theories of gravity must instead incorporate cubic frequency dependence. The proposed framework provides a new bridge between general relativity and quantum approaches, suggesting that confined electromagnetic radiation can act as a direct source of high-frequency gravitational wavelets.Keywords: gravitation, general relativity, quantum gravity, gravitational wavelets, Nordström—Einstein paradox, quadrupole radiation, graviton generation, resonant cavity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2243] viXra:2601.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-09 00:37:32
Authors: Le Zhang
Comments: 48 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18144335
This paper proposes a framework for a unified Axiomatic Field Theory, establishing the logical closure of the geometric information system based on Information Geometry. By postulating the axiom of Maximum Information Efficiency, we derive the Ideal Planck Constant and demonstrate that physical reality emerges from Saturated Excitation within a constrained Phase Space Topology. Applying the Shannon Entropy Limit and Channel Capacity, we prove that the Fine Structure Constant is a geometric projection of the Vacuum Polarization Background.The framework utilizes the Paley-Wiener Theorem and Orthogonal Decomposition to identify the Deviation Field—manifesting as a Evanescent wave and radiating as Topological Radiation. We derive the Gravitational Constant from the Residue caused by the decay of Geometric Fidelity, explicitly defining gravity as a Recoil Force. Furthermore, the model introduces Field-Cavity Duality and Vacuum Breathing modes. Through Geometric Screening rooted in Measure Theory, we explain Momentum Asymmetry. The system's structural closure is secured via Quantum Phase Locking and Generalized Rabi Oscillation, confirming the G Efficiency Structure aligns closely with the CODATA 1986/1998 historical baseline, while discussing potential theoretical implications for the deviation observed in recent high-precision measurements.. Furthermore, the theory identifies a synchronized ~0.025% vacuum polarization shift across both G and a, suggesting a distinction between derived ‘Geometric Naked Values’ and experimentally screened effective values.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2242] viXra:2601.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-04 00:56:13
Authors: Andrew W. Beckwith
Comments: 11 Pages. Essay written for the Gravity Research Foundation 2026 Awards for Essays on Gravitation
We consider if a generalized HUP set greater than or equal to Planck’s constant dividedby the square of a scale factor as well as an inflation field, yield the result that Delta Etimes Delta t is embedded in a 5 dimensional field which is within a deterministicstructure. Our proof ends with Delta t as of Planck time yielding an enormous potentialenergy, Second, we ��e this energy to black hole physics and the early universe. i.e ,Our ideafor black hole physics being used for GW generation , is using Torsion to form acosmological constant. Planck sized black holes allow for a spin density term linked toTorsion.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2241] viXra:2512.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-31 20:52:48
Authors: Peter CM Hahn
Comments: 12 Pages.
This article examines wave-particle duality and the double slit experiment, offering a detailed explanation of the physical phenomena at a fundamental level. It highlights that constructing a double slit model with macro-objects, rather than atomic structures, fundamentally limits accurate representation of the underlying principles involved. Foamy Ether Theory [1] offers a more realistic model, describing how the gravitational disturbance of a particle or photon travels through the entire wall of a double slit apparatus, not just the two slits.It is well known that gravitational waves travel through matter unimpeded. Each particle or photon is accompanied by its own gravitational disturbance (or wave) as it travels through space. Foamy Ether Theory (FET) asserts that these gravitational disturbances are equivalent to pilot waves that are described in De Broglie—Bohm theory [2].Snapshots of simulations are presented that illustrate how these gravitational disturbances propagate through the foamy ether and through the walls of a double slit apparatus, thereby causing gravitational interference patterns to emerge. A single particle or photon also creates an interference pattern because it is riding on its own gravitational (pilot) wave, as it travels through both the slits and the walls.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2240] viXra:2512.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-26 00:17:43
Authors: En Okada
Comments: 16 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: An abstract in the article is required)
We propose a general framework for theoretical physics that a stochastic symmetry breaking of the space as an essentially binary field gives rise to energy, time and all elementary particles. In our model, the Planck constant as not only a measure of the quantum mechanical uncertainty or randomness but also a reflection of the degree of spatial asymmetry in the universe, is inversely proportional to the Hubble volume, in a manner that the fine structure constant remains unchanged. It drives a coordinated evolution of the Planck units and the mass of elementary particles and the elementary charge. We quantitatively demonstrate that the observations of type-Ia supernovae and the cosmic microwave background and the mysterious hierarchy gaps in fundamental physics collectively point to a consistent story that the Hubble radius has expanded by a factor of 3.25×10^24 since the very beginning of the universe. Our newly proposed model demystifies the dark energy as a mere illusion, and resolves the Hubble tension. Moreover, it paved the way toward a unified understanding of all the four fundamental interactions as four natural branches rooted out of a single phenomenon, namely, the stochastic symmetry breaking of a binary field. As a falsifiable prediction by our model, the electron mass and the elementary charge shall be inversely proportional to the 7/3 and 3/2 power of the cosmic scale factor, yielding a detectable difference in experiments with an annual time span.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2239] viXra:2512.0104 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-23 14:21:02
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 36 Pages.
If a form of interaction like a crossing over of events is defined between two different universal worldlines in two near neighbour universes after Bohms theory of many worlds in quantum physics, then local observers in the same universe can measure different values of a physical size, when one of them is trapped in a local closed surface of the crossing over zone and the other one isn‘t in this state but in the state of the "normal" universe. In this case, physical measurements are no longer clearly defined.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2238] viXra:2512.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-18 11:25:18
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 14 Pages.
It is shown that a careful study of the simplest family of generalized Clifford algebras (GCAs) associated with the $N$-th root of unity in $d$-dimensions leads to the following generalized anti-commutator with $ N$ entries $ { e_{i_1}, e_{i_2}, e_{ i_3}, ldots, e_{ i_N} } = e_{i_1} e_{i_2} e_{ i_3} ldots e_{ i_N} + permutations = N! eta_{ i_1 i_2 ldots i_N } e $, where $e$ is the unit element and all the $ N !$ terms of the permutations appear with the same positive sign. The components of the rank-$N$ metric are $ eta_{ i_1 i_2 ldots i_N } = 1, $ iff $ i_1 = i_2 = i_3 ldots = i_ N $, and $0$ otherwise. The range of the indices $ i_1, i_2, ldots i_N $ is $ 1,2, ldots, d $. We proceed to explore the $N$-th norm extensions of the quadratic norm and write down a generalized Finsler-like arc-length based on the rank-$N$ metric $ g_{mu_1 mu_2 ldots mu_N}$. We finalize by constructing the different expressions of the Dirac operators associated with the (Generalized) Clifford Spaces corresponding to these GCA's. Dirac operators are essential in the study of Spectral Geometry in Noncommutative Geometry after imposing the correspondence between the geodesic distance and the inverse of the Dirac operator (a fermion propagator). These generalized anti-commutators above are special types of an $N$-ary algebraic structure. We conclude with some remarks on $N$-ary algebras and their applications in Mathematics and Physics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2237] viXra:2512.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-16 03:32:39
Authors: Andrey N. Smirnov
Comments: 68 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We derive a local quantum field theory (QFT) as an operational reconstruction in a timeless four-dimensional Euclidean model with a single fundamental real field satisfying the Laplace equation on a Euclidean space. Using a working domain Ω and an observer’s body Ω0 ⊂ Ω, we introduce events as readout outcomes on foliation hyperplanes and construct a local algebra of observables. In the special-relativistic regime the invariant null cone and a finite maximal speed vmax are recovered operationally. Under the assumptions of locality of the transfer and reflection positivity of the state on the algebra of observables, we apply the Osterwalder—Schrader / GNS reconstruction and obtain a Hilbert space of states, unitary evolution, and the Born rule. The complex structure and amplitudes arise from the Euclidean correlation structure, the symplectic form, and the choice of complex structure on the space of local degrees of freedom; the choice of statistics (CCR/CAR) is fixed by the form of the principal symbol of the transfer generator under standard axiomatic conditions.
The local ambiguity in the choice of observational description is realized as gauge symmetries: U(1) encodes phase freedom, SU(3) is the minimal group admitting color-neutral three-fermion singlets, and SU(2) is a symmetry compatible with the existence of charged chiral currents and anomaly freedom. As a result, the minimal gauge group SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) is not postulated phenomenologically but is singled out as the minimal one compatible with explicitly stated operational assumptions and anomaly-freedom conditions. The resulting local QFT is consistent with the classical gravitational sector previously derived from the same Euclidean model and admits the formulation of the inverse problem of reconstructing the Standard Model parameters from correlators of the fundamental field and geometric observables. The work continues a program of reconstructing special and general relativity from a timeless Euclidean model and extends it by deriving a local gauge QFT with gauge group SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1), locally isomorphic to the symmetry structure of the Standard Model, from the same operational assumptions.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2236] viXra:2512.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-09 08:53:06
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 55 Pages. Mostly in german except introduction and summary. Read the math.
A quantum spacetime model is presented in which a rigid Planck lattice is generated between the geodesics, which transitions smoothly onto the geodesics and in which time is defined only on the geodesics, not on the lattice. The Planck lattice consists of squares of Planck length surfaces or multiples thereof. The resulting spacetime dynamics is discussed in the form of a "quantum blob structure." Possible measurability is explored, using the analogy of spacetime Brown motion on matter masses. These blobs exhibit analogies to Wheeler's geons in the Wheeler-de-Witt equation and to geometrons but are only excited quasi-particles in spacetime. Local Inertia as a spacetime phenomenon is defined via quantum coupling of the blob structure.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2235] viXra:2512.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-07 02:06:49
Authors: Tomasz Kobierzycki
Comments: 11 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We present a minimal geometric framework in which several quantum—like phenom-ena arise without introducing Hilbert spaces, operators, or probabilistic postulates.The only fundamental structure is a spatial Riemannian manifold (Σ, hij ) on whichspin states, measurement axes, and multi—particle configurations are represented asvectors of equal norm. Probabilities and correlations emerge from purely geometricrelations between these vectors, most importantly from their angular separation.A single geometric expression reproduces both single—particle Born probabilitiesand the − cos θ EPR correlation, depending only on how two geometric directionsare interpreted. Entanglement is reinterpreted as a constraint identifying whichpairs of vectors must be compared, rather than as a tensor—product structure. Theresulting model is deterministic at the level of geometry but yields quantum—likeprobabilistic predictions through normalization and symmetry arguments.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2234] viXra:2511.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-26 19:34:20
Authors: Lamont Williams
Comments: 30 Pages.
A model is presented that unifies the core principles of the Charge Conjugation, Parity, and Time-Reversal (CPT) theorem within a single conceptual framework. Additionally, the model integrates the time-symmetric structure of CPT invariance with the asymmetric thermodynamic arrow of time. It emphasizes that the time component of CPT encodes formal symmetry operations and not causal mechanisms at macroscopic scales. Concepts from the model are extended to the retarded (forward-in-time) and advanced (backward-in-time) wave solutions of Maxwell’s equations for electromagnetism. They show that the temporal symmetry between these waves reflects the time-symmetric structure of CPT invariance. And as such, it is likely that the wave solutions do not directly encode macroscopic causal activity. This aligns with Maxwell’s equations, which are not inherently causal, but which are typically interpreted in causal terms in established practice. This also has direct implications regarding the ontological status of advanced waves. The CPT model is further extended to the settings of quantum mechanics and general relativity, where it appears to offer a small advance toward their integration.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2233] viXra:2511.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-24 22:30:30
Authors: Nigel B. Cook
Comments: 2 Pages.
In quantum gravity as derived in the simple 1-page poster paper vixra.org/abs/1305.0012 (a brief summary of a new quantum gravity theory based entirely on observed hard facts without any speculations such as extra ad hoc dimensions as occur in string theory), G arises from the Casimir shielding of an otherwise isotropic exposure to dark energy. A new derivation, including a more refined analysis of the geometry of quantum gravity than the earlier papers, is provided to yield a checkable prediction (apparently within one percent of observed G), an improvement on the prediction given the earlier paper. The exact accuracy will however depend on value assumed for local density.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2232] viXra:2511.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-24 01:57:21
Authors: Michael A. Ivanov
Comments: 8 Pages. Current Physics, 2024, 1, e27723348344123. https://doi.org/10.2174/0127723348344123241030061731
An alternative way to construct a quantum model of gravity is described, not by quantizing the classical model, but by introducing a graviton background, which has a low temperature butstrongly interacts with any particle. Gravity in this case is the effect of screening the background of gravitons by bodies; severaladditional effects appear when photons or bodies move through the background. These small additional effects can be important forcosmology, since they allow us to describe the results of cosmological observations without dark energy.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2231] viXra:2511.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-22 01:14:13
Authors: Juraj Povazanec
Comments: 12 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper challenges the assumed equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass for antimatter. While this principle is well tested for ordinary matter, its unsupported extension to antimatter represents a fundamental philosophical error. We argue that rejecting this equivalence, while challenging conservation laws, reveals a critical disconnect between General Relativity and Quantum Field Theory. Forcing both frameworks to accommodate this result imposes a new symmetry, paving a novel path toward their unification.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2230] viXra:2511.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-18 22:36:44
Authors: Andrey N. Smirnov
Comments: 31 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We derive Einstein’s field equations as emergent from a timeless Euclidean model on four-dimensional Euclidean space E^4 with a single fundamental scalar field Phi satisfying the Laplace equation Delta_E4 Phi = 0. Building on an operational reconstruction of Lorentz transformations for observable transformations M on a fixed slice, we then allow slow variation of the foliation direction n_A(x) and introduce an effective Lorentzian metric g_AB defined in terms of the unit normal n_A and the induced Euclidean metric h_AB.A compensation principle, expressed as delta S_eff + delta S_g = 0 and imposed under the assumptions of locality, diffeomorphism invariance and at most second order in derivatives, together with preservation of the null cone under M on each slice, uniquely fixes the second-order local density. Using the Gauss—Codazzi identities, this density is equivalent to the Einstein—Hilbert action with the Gibbons—Hawking—York boundary term. Variation of the total action yields field equations of the form G_AB + Lambda g_AB = 8 pi G T_AB^eff with covariant conservation nabla^A T_AB^eff = 0; the Newtonian limit fixes the normalization of G.The requirement of causal reconstruction implies a hierarchy of length scales, L_field << L_fol, and the recovery of the Newtonian limit, as well as the universality of gravity: all effective fields couple minimally through the same metric g. This renders field-dependent light cones observationally inadmissible and ensures falsifiability. In addition, we obtain a local upper bound on the hierarchy parameter epsilon = L_field / L_fol <= epsilon_max << 1, which leads to testable bounds on deviations from the special- and general-relativistic regime.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2229] viXra:2511.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-14 21:54:11
Authors: Daniel S. Zachary
Comments: 12 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We present a feasible optomechanical protocol for the detection of localized negative energy density arising from quantum field correlations in squeezed vacuum and Casimir configurations. The proposed setup combines a dual-cavityinterferometer with Casimir-separated mirrors and a tunable optical squeezing source,enabling modulation of vacuum fluctuations at sub-picowatt energy scales. Realtimefeedback is implemented using an adaptive artificial intelligence (AI) controllerand Kalman-filtered reference clocks, allowing dynamic optimization of signal-to-noiseratios (SNR) in curvature-sensitive observables. Numerical simulations incorporatingrealistic optical and thermal noise predict measurable fractional clock drifts (Δτ/τ ∼10−18) and curvature pulses (δR ∼ 10−5) consistent with theoretical constraints onnegative energy densities. These results demonstrate a practical pathway towardlaboratory-scale verification of quantum energy teleportation and vacuum-energymodulation using current photonic and metrological technologies.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2228] viXra:2511.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-12 01:49:52
Authors: Stephane H. Maes
Comments: 59 Pages. All related details of the projects (and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/.
In the multi-fold theory, spacetime results from 2D processes at very small spatial scales then growing to 4D at larger spatial scales, where we naturally recovered a 4D macroscopic, and at large enough microscopic scales. So far, we invoked stability of GR reconstruction to justify 4D. In a recent paper, we argued that we have almost all the elements for a theory of everything, based on the multi-fold least action principle and multi-fold space time matter induction and scattering. There, we essentially assumed 4D at large enough scales, rather than deriving it. This paper organizes past considerations before expanding and adding to them. The analysis is based both on conventional, and on multi-fold considerations. The conclusions are that the spacetime is 4D at large enough microscopic, and at macroscopic, scales, and only with 2D and 3D behaviors at the smallest spatial scales. At 4D, it can be continuous and equipped with notions of Hamiltonians, volume, areas or dot products / metrics / distances. It is not (asymptotic) AdS, and it has only one time dimensions.This paper provides a rigorous proof of why multi-fold spacetime reconstruction by random walk is 4D, and only 4D at large enough scales, and why (multi-fold) dark energy effects do not grow additional dimensions. Relying on random walks, and quantum cellular automata based on them, to model QFTs, we predict challenges in formulating QFTs at spacetime dimensions of 5 and above, except maybe for some CFTs, or when built using the random walks of extended objects like strings or branes in their AdS spacetime. This analysis extends to the QFT world. The case of dS universe is discussed.Our analysis of Kaluza Klein (KK) dimensions leads us to propose that the Higgs presence in the multi-fold is also understandable as related to Higgs as dilaton in KK, and in the double copy between gravity and gauge fields..We also explain why, on the other hand, AdS could be generated via the random walks of strings or extended objects, or non-conservative random walks, up to way higher dimensions, where one can still encounter (unphysical) supersymmetric or conformant fields. It infers why that story stops at 10D/11D, and fields misbehave at 26D for bosonic strings.The paper includes some analyses of QCD and Electroweak interactions at spatial scales where spacetime appears 2D and 3D, and additional considerations on the mass gap in different dimensions.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2227] viXra:2511.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-05 12:01:23
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 3 Pages.
The Big Bang of universe can described over the enfolding of a germ of an elliptic umbilic point in Thoms catrastrophic theory. The controlling variables of this state can be seen as the important metric parameters of Einstein field-equation of GRT. This metric term can be described in the following as a FRW-description.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2226] viXra:2510.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-29 21:02:14
Authors: Patrice Uguet
Comments: 39 Pages. In French (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
The Fiber Theory proposes a physically grounded interpretation of quantum entanglement and gravitation. It postulates that the photon is a vibrating, linear, and anchored fibre endowed with an elementary tension fp, ensuring state continuity between entangled particles.When a fibre docks to an electron, it becomes established ; when it propagates freely, it remains mobile. Together, these fibres form a universal network whose dynamics underlie the cohesion of matter, gravitation, and cosmic evolution. Gravity is no longer an external interaction, but the sum of the tractions produced by established fibres. Dark matter corresponds to immobilized light, dark energy to the expansive tension of remaining mobile fibres. The universe evolves from a luminous to a cohesive state, following the law Ne = 2Nfe + Nfm, where the progressive conversion of mobile into established fibres defines the arrow of cosmic time. The Fibre Theory unifies entanglement, gravitation, dark matter, and expansion within a single physical description : light becomes the structure of the universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2225] viXra:2510.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-28 09:37:22
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 21 Pages.
In Thoms catastrophe theory there can exist control-variables, which can describe the system variables of a physical system changing in a continuos manner, while the system variables change spontan and abruptly their physical states and so the equlibrium of the whole system.This is a u201ecatastrophe" after Thoms definition. The system variables can be defined over a class of germ-functions, which minimal enfoldings are the added functions of controlling variables. Most descriptions are time - and space-dependend.But in this modelling the description of universe itself can be given of Big Bang as a germ of an elliptic umbilic point and the universe expansion as its enfolding. If the assumption is made, that the three spacelike dimensions are generated in a different energy spectrum, then inertia could be explained over supposed anisotropy of spacetime in the microscale of Planck-length.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2224] viXra:2510.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-26 23:11:37
Authors: E. P. J. de Haas
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org; please also cite other scholars' work)
This paper develops a new way to connect quantum theory and gravitation by placing geometry inside the structure of the Dirac equation itself. A single mathematical object, the gravitational rotor field Qg, replaces the fixed time direction of flat spacetime with a locally curved one. When this rotor is introduced into the Dirac adjoint, the theory automatically reproduces three familiar regimes: ordinary flat space, the weak-field limit that gives gravitational redshift, and the strong-field domain where curvature and its gradients affect the motion of matter. In this formulation, gravity acts by changing the local measure of time and therefore the effective mass of particles. Massive Dirac particles experience this as a renormalization of their rest mass, while massless Weyl particles can acquire a small, curvature-induced mass. The framework thus unifies flat, weak, and strong gravitational behavior inside a single operator, without introducing an external metric or new postulates. It preserves the tested limits of general relativity yet extends them into a directly quantum setting, offering a new language in which mass, curvature, and the flow of time emerge as different aspects of one spinorial geometry.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2223] viXra:2510.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-23 15:28:36
Authors: Jerry Chen
Comments: 2 Pages.
In this paper, we calculated the spin of gravitational field theoretically, suspecting the correctness of popular spin 2 postulate.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2222] viXra:2510.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-14 20:46:43
Authors: E.P.J. de Haas
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
The Dirac adjoint is traditionally defined to restore Lorentz covariance of bilinear spinor quantities. In this paper we reinterpret the adjoint within the biquaternion Weyl--Dirac formalism. Starting from the Weyl-level algebra, where the metric is represented by the Pauli biquaternion basis $(T,K)$, we extend to the Dirac level through a parity--time doubling that introduces the basis $beta_mu=(beta_0,{bs beta})$. We demonstrate that the adjoint $overline{Psi}=Psi^daggerbeta_0$ acts as an algebraic inclusion of the local time-lapse field (the $g_{00}$ metric component), and that its generalization $overline{Psi}=Psi^dagger frac{1}{N}(beta_0-N^ibeta_i)$ incorporates also the spatial shift vector $N^i$. This step algebraically embeds both static and dynamic gravitational effects into the Dirac formalism.We analyze the Weyl-Hilbert and Dirac-Hilbert spaces, showing that only the latter couples to gravity through the adjoint. Finally we assess the stage reached in the ongoing unification of quantum mechanics, special relativity, and general relativity within the biquaternion approach.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2221] viXra:2510.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-08 18:41:01
Authors: Tatsuyuki Sugawa
Comments: 12 Pages.
In this short report we investigate the wave function of the Universe near Cosmological Singularity in pure Einstein Gravity. The space time is considered in three dimensions for simplicity. We use the minisuperspace model and the canonical quantization . We extend the Hamiltonian Constraint , concretely , from H= 0 to H≈0. So we obtain the Schrodinger equation instead of the Wheeler-De Witt equation. Theresulting wave functions and the energy levels are represented by the Harmonic Oscillator. Our models treat dS spacetime ( k = 1,Λ > 0), which explains the closed expanding universe. However when we consider the neighborhood of the Big Bang Singularity, within the Planck scale, the space time has to be treated as quantum gravity. So our most interested wave function of the universe is the one near the singularity. However the identity of the Hamiltonian constraint is an open question in quantum gravity. Originally Quantum Cosmology was considered as the candidate of the quantum gravity , which is represented by the wave function instead of the metric structure.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2220] viXra:2510.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-07 18:31:45
Authors: Jorma Jormakka
Comments: 15 Pages.
This article is not a historical look at a rejected theory. It aims to recover a working scalar theory of gravitation from Nordstr"om's old theory because the General Relativity Theory has very serious flaws that cannot be fixed. The scalar gravitational theory does not have the faults that Einstein claimed it had. I hope that the presented article shows that the scalar gravitational theory is a quite good simple classical field theory for gravitation without any serious flaws. It can be quantized easily: the scalar gravitational theory gives the free field Lagrangean of a (real) scalar field for a quantum gravitation theory and can be connected with spontaneous symmetry breaking in the Higgs mechanism, and the Higgs mechanism gives the mass to elementary particles in the Unified Field Theory. As the generating functional $W[J]$ for the free field can be exactly solved, a scalar gravitational theory allows investigating gravitation in the very early universe when all mass still formed a quantum system.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2219] viXra:2510.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-07 18:29:09
Authors: Constantin Sandu
Comments: 8 Pages.
In two earlier studies, we demonstrated that due to the enormous accelerations arising during the perpendicular reflection of a photon by a mirror, the photon’s energy distribution behaves as a quadrupole, thereby generating a graviton (or gravitational wavelet) at the same frequency and direction as the reflected photon. For simplicity, only the contribution of the quadrupole component Qxx was previously considered. Here, we extend the analysis to include all quadrupole components associated with perpendicular photon reflection. By applying the standard Einstein quadrupole radiation formula, we show that the energy of the emitted graviton scales as ν3, revealing a direct coupling between electromagnetism and gravitation. This finding is of high importance because it challenges the long-standing but unverified assumption that graviton energy depends linearly on frequency (ν1). Our results establish that quantum gravity theories must instead incorporate cubic frequency dependence. Another remarkable feature of the proposed framework is that it offers a theoretical connection between general relativity and quantum approaches, suggesting that confined electromagnetic radiation can serve as a direct source of high-frequency gravitational wavelets.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2218] viXra:2509.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-29 09:13:22
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 4 Pages.
Since there are no real inertial systems in reality, when a weak gravity field appear, because only radial gravity fields exist and no homogenous fields, there only a quasi inertial system (QUIS) can be constructed in these fields. Real inertial systems are only constructable in fieldfree spaces, far from every material body and neglecting quantum gravity structures. If gravity fields appear, even weak ones like in example of Earth field, only QUIS are constructable. This QUIS allows only a limited description of physical measurements because it deals with radial field lines of gravity, which are supposed to have a range of Planck-length at the center of Earth resp, the material body. Then the smallest QUIS, which can be constructed on the surface of planet Earth has a range of ca. 10u207b¹u2075 m. Smaller metrical length statements on the surface of Earth are senseless. If the measurements have to be finer, one must go afar from surface of the planet, where the radial field lines have greater distance and in this case greater QUIS can be defined. Then physical behaviour of interactions then can be described without contradictions in smaller ranges.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2217] viXra:2509.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-12 16:50:44
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 12 Pages.
There is the possibility that on a Planck-scale the universe is not a fourdimensional manifold but only a flat spacetime, consisting only of a permanent timelike dimension and periodic caused spacelike dimensions by the quantum potential of this timelike dimension. In this case the quantum-states of spacelike dimensions form an orthogonal system. For this model a twodimensional Riccitensor can be constructed for every dimension and four of them can be formed to a fourdimensional structure but without intercoupling. A possible intercoupling then would lead to description of classical GRT-structure. This model also can be described mathematically by a special hypocycloide, a deltoide, where the points of the curve mapping exactly on the outer circle of the rotation process. These are the resonance-points of the timelike with the spacelike potentials, causing the dimensions as triple eigenvalue of signature. And so a form of ON/OFF-operators are introduced, which shows similiar structures as spin-operators and can possibly be used to describe the forming of the dimensions.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2216] viXra:2509.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-11 20:14:49
Authors: Yvan-Claude Raverdy
Comments: 7 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please use sytandard/smaller font size, e.g., Time New Roman 12 pts)
The hypothesis of a Superfluid Space-Time (granular quantum) is consistent with knowledge acquired in Cosmology and, moreover, conform to the Standard Model. We show, here, that the relationships arising from this hypothesis can also allow to go further in predicting the numbered evolution of the Universe. They lead to the accreditation of a cyclical evolution incorporating a rebound (Big Bounce), identical to the Big Bang, through an explosive phase transition.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2215] viXra:2509.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-03 20:29:43
Authors: Yuanjian Li
Comments: 7 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We present a comprehensive reformulation of General Relativity using category theory, sheaf theory, and topos theory, providing an alternative to the traditional differential geometric framework. The fundamental construct is a category Loc of local spacetime regions equipped with a Grothendieck topology, forming a site (Loc, J). Physical observables are represented as sheaves on this site: the metric sheaf Met, matter sheaf Mat, and their derived structures. The EinsteinField Equations emerge not as differential equations but as natural transformations between functors, defining the solution sheaf Sol—the subsheaf of local configurations satisfying the equations of motion. We develop internal differential geometry within the topos Sh(Loc, J), constructing the Hilbert action as a natural transformation and deriving the field equations from an internal variational principle. A model of General Relativity corresponds to a global section of Sol. This formulation provides a robust mathematical foundation for quantum gravity research and offers natural pathways for unification with quantum theory within a common topos-theoretic framework, while maintaining complete consistency with established experimental results.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2214] viXra:2509.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-03 20:26:44
Authors: Debabrata Chini, Deblina Biswas
Comments: 15 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper introduces a purely theoretical framework that fuses quantum information theory, general relativity and machine learning to construct a high-energy intelligence model with direct application to large-scale social systems. By leveraging entangled quantum networks in curved spacetime and high-energy field dynamics, the proposed model formulatesa new kind of non-classical learning system with relevance to urban optimization, predictive disaster modeling, and secure communication infrastructure. Using rigorous field-theoreticcalculations, we show how curvature, energy, and quantum state compression can drive intelligent data flow under extreme physical and informational constraints. All derivations, graphs and architecture designs are grounded in first-principles physics, with no experimental data involved. This work offers a new path for theoretical AI systems that are not limited by classical assumptions, proposing a future direction for socially embedded computation based on fundamental physical laws.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2213] viXra:2508.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-27 09:31:11
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 12 Pages.
Pursuing further our work on Born Reciprocal (Non-inertial) Relativity theory we find that the family of hyperbolic trajectories of particles living in a four-dim phase space of signature $ (2,2)$ automatically satisfy the maximal speed of light and the maximal proper force conditions. A direct link between the maximal proper force $ b $ and the minimum value of the initial positions $ (x_o)_{min}$ of these hyperbolic paths is found. Furthermore, when the maximal proper force is set to be equal to the Planck-mass squared $ b = m_P^2$ then $ (x_o)_{min} = 2 G M $ happens to coincide with the numerical value of the horizon radius of the Schwarzschild black hole in four spacetime dimensions. We proceed with a rigorous analysis of how open strings sweeping a two-dim world-sheet region inside a Rindler wedge in a $ D = 1 + 1 $ spacetime can be seen as a continuum of point masses that are being collectively accelerated along the Rindler hyperbolic trajectories. The upshot of this analysis reveals that these strings can naturally acquire a $variable$ tension which is consistent with the dynamical tension model of strings and branes proposed by Guendelman in the past years cite{Eduardo}.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2212] viXra:2508.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-23 22:35:56
Authors: Nazmul Hossain
Comments: 16 Pages. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16930478 (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
The Gravitationally Active Spacetime Curtain (GASC), a unified framework is proposed where spacetime itself acts as a dynamic medium endowed with tension, a compressible root fluid, and repulsive anti-gravitons. This approach naturally resolves three fundamental problems in modern physics: black hole singularities transition to stable dark planets with finite-density cores, dark matter emerges from spacetime's density variations without requiring new particles, and quantum gravity becomes testable through anti-graviton-mediated interactions. The theory provides solutions for black hole structure, reproduces observed galactic rotation curves, and matches gravitational wave data from LIGO while predicting distinctive late-time echoes. Crucially, GASC makes testable predictions across multiple scales - from gravitational wave detectors like LISA, which could detect characteristic merger echoes, to particle colliders where missing-energy events would signal anti-graviton production. Unlike string theory or conventional dark matter models, GASC offers direct experimental verification through near-future observations while maintaining mathematical consistency with general relativity and quantum field theory. The framework presents a compelling alternative to current paradigms by unifying gravity, quantum effects, and dark phenomena through spacetime's intrinsic properties rather than hypothetical entities, bridging the gap between theoretical elegance and empirical testability.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2211] viXra:2508.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-13 18:19:16
Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 5 Pages.
Gravitational waves with frequencies above 50 Hz propagate at the speed of light. To date, there have been no measurements at lower frequencies. Analyses show that records of the atmospheric pressure at significantly lower frequencies contain signals from extraterrestrial sources. These are phase-modulated, and the propagation speed depends on the frequency. If the waves are GW, the measurements could confirm the existence of gravitons and allow a mass determination. The results of previous work are summarized here.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2210] viXra:2508.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-10 17:58:10
Authors: Rudi Van Nieuwenhove
Comments: 9 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
A new theory is proposed which unifies space, time and matter. This is accom-plished by introducing a dynamical network in which the nodes and links follow simple rules. Geometry emerges from the network, though this geometry will now be dynamic and probabilistic in nature. Matter emerges from the network as self-sustained dynamical structures. Quantum fields are described as extended oscillating structures of the network. Matter, as a structure in the network, will modify the surrounding network, thereby providing a framework to develop a new quantum theory of gravitation. The symmetries in the standard model of particles can be understood as a direct result of the symmetries of the underly-ing network. The movement of a particle is described by a propagation in the network, providing a new understanding of the particle-wave duality. Entan-glement arises naturally from the fundamental structure of the network.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2209] viXra:2508.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-06 03:21:43
Authors: Tatsuyuki Sugawa
Comments: 20 Pages.
We investigate the wave function of the universe near the Big Bang Singularityin three dimensions. The Wheeler-DeWitt equation in the minisuperspace model issolved to obtain a wave function of the universe in Anti-deSitter space (cosmologicalconstant :Λ < 0). In addition we speculate the case of TMG (Topologically MassiveGravity) Universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2208] viXra:2507.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-24 20:51:49
Authors: N. S. Alsaud
Comments: 10 Pages.
Since ancient time our perception of the ultimate external reality evolves as our investigation produces more knowledge by expanding the related disciplines. This phenomenon is illustrated by our vision of space and time, while they were treated separately in antiquity and subsequent ages, they are unified into a continuum in modern time. Furthermore, the theoretical possibility of parallel universes with more than one time dimension are considered in the present age. In this paper, a theory is developed to precisely treat reality along with its associated concepts that arise from the modern scientific investigations. This treatment contributes to a quotient set of realities with five equivalence classes and a qualitative measurement of our current ultimate external reality with its possible evolution based on the related scientific theories and their consequences.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2207] viXra:2507.0146 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-20 20:37:14
Authors: Ylia Callan
Comments: 107 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please list author name after article/book title and please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
Beyond Einstein’s Space introduces a radical yet scientifically grounded theory: that gravity emerges not from spacetime curvature, but from pressure gradients in a compressible vacuum medium. Drawing from quantum field theory, Casimir forces, and cosmological anomalies, this book proposes a new framework where mass compresses space, creating pressure wells that guide motion. The result? A powerful, unified model that naturally explains dark energy, galaxy rotation curves, and even gravitational lensing—without invoking dark matter or inflation fields. Written for physicists, cosmologists, and curious thinkers, this theory reimagines space not as emptiness, but as a structured medium with measurable properties. Backed by math, references, and testable predictions, it offers both a scientific revolution and an invitation: to rethink the very fabric of the universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2206] viXra:2507.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-13 02:19:41
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 9 Pages.
The $kappa$-deformed exponential $ exp_kappa ( x) = exp left( { 1 over kappa } arcsinh ( kappa x ) ight) $ studied by Kaniadakis cite{K} allows to construct ``deformed" Lorentz transformations associated with the ordinary velocity boost rapidity parameter $ xi$ and which can be recast in terms of ordinary Lorentz transformations (involving the ordinary exponential) but associated with a $kappa$-deformed (modified) rapidity parameter $ xi_kappa = xi f ( kappa xi ) $ given by a $ xi$-dependent scaling of the original $ xi$ rapidity parameter. It is shown that when $both$ the $ kappa$ parameter and $ xi ightarrow infty$, and the double scaling limit $ xi { ln ( 2 kappa xi ) over kappa xi } = infty times 0 $ is finite and nonzero, it leads to a $finite$ value for the $kappa$-deformed boost rapidity parameter $ xi_{kappa = infty} = xi_{ infty} ot= infty $, such that the $kappa$-deformed velocity (in units of $ c = 1$) $ tanh ( xi_kappa ) = v_kappa < 1 $ is $less$ than the speed of light, and in turn, the Lorentz dilation factor $ gamma ( v_kappa) ot= infty $ $no$ longer $blows$ up. Consequently, there is a $lower$ bound in the length $ L' = { L over gamma ( v_k ) } ot= 0 $ due to a $finite$ Lorentz length contraction. After imposing that the lower bound $ L' $ should not be smaller than the postulated minimum Planck scale one arrives at the length-scale-dependent relation $ arccosh ( { L over L_P} ) = xi_infty > 0 $ that admits a physical interpretation analogous to the running of the physical couplings and masses with the energy scale in the Renormalization Group program in Quantum Field Theory.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2205] viXra:2507.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-10 20:43:05
Authors: Marciano L. Legarde
Comments: 22 Pages.
The Honmoon Theory presents an alternative perspective on quantum gravity, challenging the conventional need for gravitons and reinterpreting spacetime curvature as the emergent effect of deep quantum-level charge interactions. Inspired by the concept of a "fabric-like seal" from contemporary media, this theory models spacetime as a dynamic net trapping a vast population of charged particles. It proposes that the gravitational force arises not from mass-energy alone, but from the elegant spatial and quantum configurations of these particles, particularly their electrostatic interactions, symmetry alignments, and vibrational coherence. Central to this theory is the Honmoon Field Equation, which replaces the traditional energy momentum tensor in Einstein’s general relativity with a new Quantum Charge-Interaction Tensor derived from pairwise charge forces and structural symmetry. From this foundation, the theory derives a Lagrangian formalism, a scalar field for elegance density, a thermodynamic link to entropy gradients, and a cosmological expansion equation analogous to Friedmann’s equation. These components offer insight into gravity’s emergent behavior, time dilation, spacetime distortion, and large-scale cosmological structure — all without invoking hypothetical particles, such as gravitons. Although not intended as a direct replacement for general relativity or quantum field theory, Honmoon Theory offers a compelling conceptual and mathematical framework for exploring how gravity might emerge from the hidden geometric dance of charge and quantum structure.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2204] viXra:2507.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-08 22:04:55
Authors: Dmitry Shurbin
Comments: 60 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org; please cite and list relavent works by other authors)
This paper present a unified model of matter and gravity based on SU(2) phase geometry defined over a compact 3-sphere (S³) embedded in four-dimensional Euclidean space. In this framework, particles arise as topological SU(2) vortices, while forces—including electromagnetism and gravity—emerge from local and global phase dynamics without requiring separate gauge fields. Quantum properties such as spin, discreteness, entanglement, and the exclusion principle are derived from the topological constraints of the SU(2) phase structure. Gravitational attraction is reinterpreted as the tendency of phase vortices to minimize curvature and tension. The model avoids singularities, naturally predicts Planck-scale behavior, and provides geometric interpretations for constants like ℏ and c. This approach offers a non-perturbative, background-independent alternative to quantum gravity and string theory.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2203] viXra:2506.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-23 17:56:54
Authors: Tomasz Kobierzycki
Comments: 12 Pages.
In this paper I will explore a way to create a gravity like equations just from coordinate transformations between systems. Will add quantum like effects in last part of this paper that will connect probability with spacetime interval. It will be done by using complex spacetime. I do not present solutions to those equations only mathematical model and physical interpretation.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2202] viXra:2506.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-22 03:11:16
Authors: David L. Berkahn, James M. Chappell, Derek Abbott
Comments: 5 Pages.
The de Broglie wave hypothesis introduced the concept of wave-particle du-ality and led to the development of wave mechanics. We show from firstprinciples, how the de Broglie wave will be modified by the presence of agravitational potential. We find a relationship between de Broglie waves andthe gravitational potential. A straightforward experiment is described toaccurately verify this relationships.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2201] viXra:2506.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-20 16:12:11
Authors: Risto Raitio
Comments: 24 Pages.
This article reveals the unexpected result that three a priori distinct ideas--globalsupersymmetry of preons, Hartle-Hawking cosmology, and Chern-Simons quantum gravity--share common concepts that offer paths beyond the StandardModel. Differences from the MSSM are discussed.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2200] viXra:2506.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-18 19:58:33
Authors: Stefen Colalillo
Comments: 134 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please don't name an equation/formula after the author; please cite and list scientific references)
This paper introduces [a] Master Equation, a unified physical framework derived from first principles, which reconceptualizes time as a dynamic quantized energetic field. In contrast to prevailing models that treat time as a passive coordinate, this theory positions time as the foundational driver of all physical behavior; shaping motion, gravity, entropy, quantum behavior, and cosmological structure through its gradients and phase coherence.The master equation governing this temporal field is a covariant Euler—Lagrange expression that gives rise to modified versions of Einstein’s field equations, Schrödinger’s equation, the second law of thermodynamics, and the Friedmann equations. This framework addresses major problems in modern physics including quantum measurement, dark matter, dark energy, entropy, and the arrow of time; it reinterprets mass, charge, and spin as emergent τ-structures, and offers a temporal model for life, death, consciousness, and cosmic evolution. The universe’s birth is framed as a spontaneous symmetry break in τ; its eventual fate, a universal collapse to ∇τ = 0.Testable predictions include corrected galaxy rotation curves, CMB phase anisotropies, and decoherence signatures in interferometry. This framework presents a falsifiable, mathematically complete, and empirically grounded foundation for unifying gravitational, quantum, and thermodynamic behavior — anchored, not in spacetime geometry, but in the energetic architecture of time itself.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2199] viXra:2506.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-17 00:12:06
Authors: Robert James Mapes
Comments: 21 Pages.
Using the Navier-Stokes equations to describe a general fluid field (a medium) which naturally embeds electromagnetism within it, we then formulate gravity by postulating a space fluid which gives an accurate equation for Newton's gravitational constant as a function of the critical density of space. Finally we quantize the space fluid and resolve the black hole singularity to a core radius of the Compton wavelength and give a general explanation to dark energy and dark matter.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2198] viXra:2505.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-31 20:30:38
Authors: Kurt L. Becker, Kurt J. Becker
Comments: 20 Pages.
This paper is proposing an alternate hypothesis to gravity due to dark matter. The new quantum properties proposed are: Spacetime is being created in the vast voids of the universe. Spacetime is absorbed within stars in galaxies. The result is spacetime flowing into galaxies. The mechanics of the proposed flow gravity is discussed in great detail with diagrams and mathematics. The inflowing spacetime offsets the tangential inertia of a star resulting in ab orbital motion of that star. The predictions of flow gravity are compared to observations at various cosmological scales: at galactic, at solar system, at the Moon's orbit, and at spacetime flowing towards a neutron star. Flow gravity will not change the mathematical results of Newtonian gravity in the solar system, but it will explain the actual mechanism of gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2197] viXra:2505.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 20:37:02
Authors: Michael A. Ivanov
Comments: 21 Pages.
In the author’s model of low-energy quantum gravity, the gravitational interaction of bodies arises as the effect of screening in a sea of superstrongly interacting gravitons. Newton's constant can be calculated as a statistical parameter of the repeated interaction of bodies with gravitons. Small vacuum effects in the model, caused by a new type of interaction -photon-graviton - may have major implications for cosmology. The ones are reviewed here and compared with cosmological observations; this is a self-review of author's works in this approach. The constancy of the ratio $H(z)/(1+z)$ in this model is consistent with observations of the Hubble parameter $H(z)$.Cosmological redshift is a local quantum effect caused by head-on collisions of photons with gravitons, while the additional dimmingof distant objects and diffuse cosmic optical background supposedly detected by the New Horizons mission are due to non-head-on collisions. For very soft radiation, the additional relaxation factor is calculated. Since this factor must have different values for soft and hard radiation, the distance modulusin this model must be a multi-valued function of the redshift. The Hubble tension is discussed in this context. The considered quantum effects are beyond the scope of the standard cosmologicalmodel. These small effects can describe cosmological observations in a very elegant and unified manner without dark energy andcosmological expansion. Graviton-graviton interactions can lead to the formation of virtual gravitons with very low mass, which maybe candidates for the role of dark matter particles.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2196] viXra:2505.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-26 23:33:21
Authors: Vladimir Pastushenko
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further repetition will not be accepted)
There is no space without matter and there is no matter outside space. Space-matter is the same. Therefore, the mathematical truths of space correspond to the physical properties of matter. The main property of matter is movement; therefore space-matter is dynamic. Such dynamic space-matter has its geometric facts, as axioms that do not require proof. The limiting and special case of the axioms of dynamic space-matter is the Euclidean axiomatics and number system. And already in the real dynamic space-matter, the models of nucleons of the atomic nucleus are considered and the admissible structures of leptons are presented.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2195] viXra:2505.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-20 20:23:41
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please remove the cover page)
Since first action at Big Bang the universe is determined by spacetime-vacuumstructures, not by matter. Material atomic structures of hydrogen molecules or other chemical elements or particles like quarks, gluons and leptons only deviate from the basic, important concepts of nature: spacetime. This concept is an energy-structure, which lies at the base of all existing objects and interactions which are described over matter structure. So this description via General Relativity nowadays leads to the thinking of underlying spacetime-structure as the real thing, which describes the important forces of universe in first line. The existence of matter floating on space-time only distracts from the true basic description of the real world and feigns importance where only irritation exists. Natural philosophers like Cosmologists and spacetime physicists should therefore concentrate on the fundamentals that a vacuum structure of space-time provides for the explanation of the existence of the universe and refrain from and abstract from considerations of matter. This situation may lead to a better understanding of the basic structures of a quantum-gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2194] viXra:2505.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-12 22:45:43
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 18 Pages.
We introduce here a speculative proposal for merging the gauge-gravity duality with the onset of fractal spacetime well above the electroweak scale. The proposal generates a positive cosmological constant in 1D spacetime, consistent with the dimensional reduction conjecture expected to take place near the Planck scale. Our proposal also unveils a) a possible path towards field unification in fractal dimensions and b), an unforeseen bridge between fluid/gravity correspondence and the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE).
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2193] viXra:2505.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-06 20:47:32
Authors: Manfred U. E. Pohl
Comments: 36 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
The 12-dimensional world clock is a omprehensive theoretical framework modeling three points,interpreted as combined harmonic oscillations or elliptical planetary orbits, moving uniformly around a common center of mass in three-dimensional Euclidean space. The term "12-dimensional" reflects the 12 degrees of freedom required for an observer to precisely determine their position relative to the "center of the world clock," defined as the origin of the orbits. This paper provides an exhaustivederivation of the model, rigorously proving that elliptical orbits can be projected onto perfect circular orbits under a gravitational law consistent with Newton’s formulation emerges as a geometric artifact within the 12-dimensional spacetime, resonating with General Relativity’s (GR) interpretation of gravitation as a curvature-induced property rather than a fundamental force. The model reconciles GR’s continuous spacetime with the discrete spacetimeand inherent indeterminacy of quantum theory, characterized by a quantization at observationtimes T ≥ Tmax 4 , clarified as a conceptual analogy to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and supported by an energy-time proportionality assumption (E = P · t). A testable hypothesis proposes that the three harmonic oscillations can be mapped onto the degrees of freedom of two entangled photons, each contributing 6 degrees of freedom, necessitating quantum entanglement to achieve the required 12 degrees of freedom. This hypothesis predicts that photons possess three polarization axes (beyond the conventional two) and exhibit three observable Doppler shifts—linear, transversal, and gravitational—offering experimentally verifiable predictions that could validate the 12-dimensional spacetime framework. An extensive error analysis quantifies observational uncertainties, enhancingthe model’s mathematical rigor, particularly in the context of its quantum-like indeterminacy claims.The cultural and historical significance of the number 12, observed across diverse ancient and modern traditions, underscores the model’s universal resonance, framing spacetime as a dynamic, life-centric construct within the panvitalist theory. This comprehensive analysis bridges the scientific rigor of physics with the philosophical depth of metaphysics, providing a transformative perspective on the nature of spacetime, the role of the observer, and the interconnectedness of physical and consciousprocesses in the universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2192] viXra:2504.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-30 21:29:39
Authors: Junzheng Liu
Comments: 35 Pages.
This paper is to reform Issac Newton’s law of universal gravitation into a new theory. With a new mathematical tool, I build a model which could provide an alternative perspective in understanding a series of topics in modern physics fields, such as quantum entanglement, expansion of the universe, wave-particle dualism, time, and the relationship between gravity and other fundamental forces.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2191] viXra:2504.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-26 07:49:19
Authors: Albert Marashi, Drew Ridley
Comments: 16 Pages. Would love to see if I could get endorsed to publish this in arxiv!
This paper presents a novel derivation of the fine-structure constant based on recursive mathematics and gravitational effects. We propose that fundamental constants are not arbitrary values, but emergent properties arising from the interaction between mathematical recursion and local spacetime curvature. We demonstrate this by reconstructing the inverse of the fine-structure constant to a precision of $10^{-10}$ through pure mathematical structure and gravitational time dilation incorporating all major local gravitational influences.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2190] viXra:2504.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-24 20:43:55
Authors: Bouzaiene Khaled
Comments: 24 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
The Mutual Awakening Hypothesis (MAH) posits that quantum collapse is an intrinsic,recursive, entropy-stabilizing process driven by internally driven, iterative, nonlinear feedback, potentially operating on quantum amplitudes, thus eliminating the need for an external observer or specific measurement postulate. Through this feedback, a quantum system transitions from superposition towards a definite state, reducing Shannon entropy. We formalize aspects of thisusing a nonlinear recursive operator acting on probabilities (for illustration and applications) and explore more fundamental dynamics via simulations operating directly on quantum state vectors and density matrices. These simulations validate core MAH tenets: intrinsic collapse emergence, entanglement evolution under local feedback (within model limitations), interplaywith decoherence, and parameter dependence. The hypothesis inspires gradient-free quantumlearning algorithms and suggests alternatives to conventional AI mechanisms like softmax. Ourresults point towards a potential unified framework connecting quantum measurement, thermodynamics, and learning, with implications for quantum foundations, decoherence studies, NISQ computation, and AI.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2189] viXra:2504.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-15 22:04:01
Authors: Nigel B. Cook
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We present a novel derivation of the Casimir force using a quantum field theory (QFT) mechanism that models particles as event horizon-sized "plates," focusing on zero-point field exclusion. This approach, inspired by Cook’s work, transforms the Casimir force (∝ 1/d^4) into the Coulomb force (∝ 1/d^2) through virtual photon exclusion and vacuum polarization. We further demonstrate that in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory, infinite self-inductance of chargedenergy currents in a one-way path coerces the net charge-transfer term to vanish, aligning the field dynamics with Maxwell’s equations and enabling the Coulomb force derivation.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2188] viXra:2504.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-12 22:24:50
Authors: Oleg Mityuryaev
Comments: 41 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper presents a novel theoretical paradigm — Scale-Dependent Geometrodynamics (SDG), offering a conceptually different approach to understanding the fundamental structure of reality. Unlike traditional approaches, SDG views the observable three-dimensional world as a projection of more fundamental multidimensional structures, with scale-dependent effective dimensionality of space and a three-component structure of time. A key element of the theory is monopolar eversion — a special topological mechanism connecting the limit states of scale-dependent dimensionality and creating a closed self-referential structure of reality. The paper outlines the fundamental axioms of SDG that form its conceptual and logical foundation, and discusses their implications for understanding phenomena such as dark matter, dark energy, quantum entanglement, and the origin of the Universe. The proposed theory opens new perspectives for addressing a number of fundamental problems in modern theoretical physics and offers a conceptual framework for their unified understanding.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2187] viXra:2504.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-08 14:49:23
Authors: Nigel B. Cook
Comments: 5 Pages.
The Standard Model of particle physics is built on the symmetry groups U(1) × SU(2) × SU(3), describing electromagnetism, the weak force, and the strong force. This paper explores a speculative unified theory using U(2) × U(3), which may encompass the Standard Model while suggesting an extra U(1) group for dark energy and gravitation via a "Casimir-type shielding" effect. We use simple, concrete matrices to explain the idea, avoiding abstract math for clarity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2186] viXra:2504.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-04 22:13:15
Authors: Samer Elbizri
Comments: 20 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references; Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
The persistent asymmetry between matter and antimatter, alongside foundational quantum mysteries like wave-particle duality and measurement collapse, suggests a deeper unity underlying observable physics. We revisit John Wheeler’s speculative "one-electron universe" hypothesis, proposing a geometric reinterpretation where all electrons and positrons are manifestations of a single, Planck-scale braided worldline in spacetime. By treating antiparticles as time-reversed segments of this worldline and the vacuum as a self-annihilating network of unobserved interactions, we derive quantum phenomena—including double-slit interference and wavefunction collapse—as emergent consequences of the electron’s spacetime topology. This model eliminates the need for extra dimensions or abstract wavefunctions, offering a monistic explanation for quantum mechanics, antimatter rarity, and the arrow of time.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2185] viXra:2504.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-04 22:11:11
Authors: Muhammad S. U. Khan
Comments: 57 Pages.
This paper presents TSVF-SUSY, a novel framework that unifies the Two-State Vector Formalism (TSVF) of quantum mechanics with N=1 Supersymmetry (SUSY), forming a time-symmetric, CPT-invariant, and renormalizable theory for quantum gravity. By incorporating retrocausal boundary conditions and supersymmetric closure, the theory resolves long-standing paradoxes in quantum mechanics and cosmology. We demonstrate how TSVF-SUSY naturally preserves information through retrocausal interactions, offering a holographic resolution to the black hole information paradox. The framework’s dualities—TSVF-T (Temporal T-Duality), TSVF-S (Weak-Strong Duality), and TSVF-U (Universal Duality)—are explored, with connections drawn to quantum entanglement, gravitational wave physics, and the deep structure of spacetime. Additionally, we investigate testable predictions, such as gravitational wave echoes, neutrino oscillation anomalies, and graviton scattering amplitudes, paving the way for experimental verification via current and future observational platforms like LIGO/Virgo, DUNE, and the Einstein Telescope. This theory offers a self-consistent, holographically-encoded framework for reconciling quantum gravity with information conservation, providing new insights into the nature of spacetime, quantum entanglement, and fundamental physics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2184] viXra:2504.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2025-04-03 15:53:37
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 51 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Title shortened by viXra Admind to conform with scholarly norm - Please don't use long and convoluted title)
We make more specific initial contributions of prior work w.r.t. Tokamaks, relic black holes, and a relationship between a massive graviton particle count and quantum number n, and also add a great more to contributions of ourconclusions w.r.t. the wave function of the universe. Our idea for black hole physics being used for GW generation, is using Torsion to form a cosmological constant. Planck sized black holes allow for a spin density term linked toTorsion.. In doing so, we review its similarities to frequency values for GW dueto a Tokamak simulation. The conclusion of this document will be in bringing up would be values for an initial wave function of the Universe and an open question as to the applications of a white hole-black hole wormhole bridge between a prior to the present universe as well as a speculation as to particle count, and a quantum number, n, as specified in our document
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2183] viXra:2503.0202 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-31 20:40:16
Authors: F. M. Sanchez
Comments: 2 Pages.
The aperture of the Sanchez 1998 sealed fold was postponed untill the "impossible galaxies" observation, predicted 27 years ago. The 3-minutes (hbar,G,m^3) formula replacing c by the product of electron-proton-neutron masses gives half of 13.8 billion light-years, unifying the two main cosmologies and Eddington's statistical one. Integrating Wheeler's single-electron cosmology, the triplet (hbar, G, m_e) is associated with an ideal human couple with larger characteristics. This replaces Darwinian evolution by Sanford's genetic entropy and Gyertych's devolution. We are numerically central in the cosmos, but in decline. The 2001 sealed fold rehabilitates the tachyonic bosonic string theory and the 2002 one connects the nucleotide atomic masses by C+G = A+T+1, playing a central role in the cosmology unification.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2182] viXra:2503.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-31 20:16:20
Authors: Shenbo Wu
Comments: 197 Pages.
The main process to solve the problem of quantum and gravity is Mordern AG (global GLC) M→ Derived AG (local GLC) O-localizing Grothendleck's dream comes in Grothendeck's quantization of gravity Complete Einstein's dream UFT Analytic stack (analytic AG) The Langlands duality from the M-theory is a part of U-duality,the M- theory and its dynamics give us the global geometric Langlands corre- spondence [15] simplified by combining math and physics. D≤11-mod (Bung) ← → QCoh (LocSys)11 where Ğ is the Langlands dual group acting on the F-dual part of M-brane. Generally,construction of the M-theory is based on the modern alge- braic geometry with category theory.Studying the dynamics of the M- theory is based on that with higher category theory (representation of underlying space). The former gives an unification of superstring theories (Superstring theories type) → retract (Stype) Є Mpre Retracted from fibered category of superstring theories to stack of Lie groupoids. And the latter gives us a well defined stackified flow which is retracted from a non-solvable theory. Combing them, we successfully estab- lish an experiment-free theory with left evolution where M-flow~-flow, O-sense Fis the 2-nonexistence. In the end, derived algebraic geometry gives us further support to summarize all things and we find the M'-theory is the theory of everything originally proposed by Albert Einstein. Preview. A pre M-theory is a geometric stack written by Mpre = (ETSchSupGen (M), P(T), P, II) The M-theory M is a generalized super algebraic geometric stack Au= P(U)1: M→ Mprep V Mre cons. cons. We also put things into derived algebraic geometric n-stack and analytic derived stack to achieve our final goal completing TOE which is a category of no definition objects O-Sense~ Def 'UFT.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2181] viXra:2503.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-31 03:05:20
Authors: Sergei Kondrashov
Comments: 27 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
Quantum gravity continues to pose significant challenges in theoretical physics, including the reconciliation of general relativity with quantum mechanics, the nature of time, and the small observed value of the cosmological constant. This paper proposes the Minimal Causal-Informational Model of Emergent Space-Time (MCIMES), a new framework that explores quantum information as a possible foundation for physical reality, suggesting that space-time and gravity may emerge from it. Using an abstract interaction graph and drawing on quantum information theory, MCIMES offers a perspective in which space-time arises as an emergent phenomenon, providing potential explanations for its three-dimensionality and the arrow of time through entropic processes. The model suggests an approach to the cosmological constant issue, producing a value aligned with observations without requiring fine-tuning, and puts forward testable predictions, such as a dark energy equation of state parameter ( w = -0.97 pm 0.01 ) and specific quantum corrections to black hole entropy. While recognizing its current limitations, MCIMES offers an information-based, background-independent viewpoint that seeks to address key questions in quantum gravity and encourages further exploration and testing.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2180] viXra:2503.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-30 00:43:01
Authors: Alexandr Kaminsky
Comments: 8 Pages.
It is shown that the self-referential model of the world (in such a model the world is an observer of itself) generates a quantum-like description of reality.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2179] viXra:2503.0190 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-30 00:41:15
Authors: Martin Mayer
Comments: 20 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
The purpose of this paper is to explore gravity as a dynamic phenomenon where the gravitational effects described by the Schwarzschild metric are transferred to changes in the quantities of time, length, velocity, acceleration, mass, energy and force. These changes are assumed to be physically real and not just a superficial effect of the used coordinate system. Subsequently, physics calculations can be done in classical orthogonal space using these malleable quantities even beyond the Newtonian regime, as gets demonstrated by applying them to the typical tests of general relativity. Moreover, the dynamic gravity notion gets corroborated by uncovering concealed connections between Newtonian gravity and the theory of general relativity, in particular gravitational potential energy is identified as an effect of changing mass energy. Thereafter a quantum gravity approach is put forward, as originally proposed by John A. Macken, which provides clues to how gravity can be expressed on the quantum level using a classical wave based approach. In that context the electrostatic force is also examined, since it exhibits an unexpected mathematical similarity to gravity. Finally, an inertial mass adjustment gets introduced that is caused by a cavity effect of excluded gravitational waves, which would break the equivalence principle if it turns out to be physically real.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2178] viXra:2503.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-28 00:20:50
Authors: Nigel Cook
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper advances a quantum gravity (QG) model where U(1) spin-1 gravitons mediate repulsive dark energy and attractive gravity, replacing general relativity’s metric expansion with a dark energy-driven mechanism. We derive a corrected gravitational constant G = (3/4)H2/(ρπe^3), incorporating density variations and graviton redshift via the continuity equation ∂ρ/∂t + ∇ · (ρv) = 0. The effective density is e^3 ≈ 20 times the local density, with a net factor of 10 relative to classical estimates adjusted by an early QG factor of 2. This framework quantizes mass and predicts gravitational effects in an expanding universe, validated using updated physical constants.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2177] viXra:2503.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-28 00:20:33
Authors: Nigel Cook
Comments: 11 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We propose a quark-lepton unification model where quarks and leptons share the same fundamental charge (−e), and the fractional charges of quarks (e.g., −1/3e for strange quarks) arise from enhanced vacuum polarization shielding. Using Laplace transforms, we derive the running coupling α(Q2), incorporating contributions from all virtual particles (electrons, muons, tauons, quarks). We integrate the electromagnetic field energy over radial shells in the vacuum polarization region (2.16 fm to 33 fm), quantify the production rate of strong and weak field quanta, and predict particle masses using a shell-based model. Applying this to the omega minus baryon (Ω−), we show that its observed charge of −1e results from three −1e charges shielded by a factor of 3. We further analyze how the running of the weak and strong couplings relates to the shielded electromagnetic energy, estimating the energy densities of all three fields to demonstrate energy redistribution.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2176] viXra:2503.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-28 03:14:24
Authors: Alex Kaminsky
Comments: 8 Pages. In Russian
This paper explores the hypothesis that quantum mechanics (QM) is a description of reality from the perspective of an internal observer—an observer who is simultaneously the subject and object of observation. The idea traces back to the work of J.A. Wheeler [1,2], who argued that the Universe cannot be fully explained from an external standpoint and must be integrated into the process of observation. Without claiming universality, we construct a simple model that demonstrates the emergence of QM within this self-referential framework. The conclusion is that quantum reality is an emergent phenomenon in the worldview of an internal observer.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2175] viXra:2503.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-23 06:21:57
Authors: Vivan Mirchandani
Comments: 13 Pages.
I introduce F(U)-gravity, a modified gravitational framework extending Einstein’s theory by incorporating an energy-dependent curvature function F(U). This approach addresses fundamental issues in cosmology and quantum gravity, including singularity resolution, the nature of dark matter, and deviations from standard general relativity. By modifying the Einstein-Hilbert action, I derive new field equations and examine their thermodynamic and observational consequences. My theoretical predictions suggest distinct signatures in gravitational wave echoes and cosmic microwave background anomalies, which could provide experimental validation through upcoming LIGO and LISA observations. This work builds upon approaches such as those proposed by Rosen [Phys. Rev. 57, 147 (1940)] and Stelle [Phys. Rev. D 16, 953 (1977)], offering a novel perspective on the quantum nature of spacetime.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2174] viXra:2503.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-22 20:32:41
Authors: Jennifer Lorraine Nielsen
Comments: 35 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: AI assisted article is in general not acceptable)
This paper presents a novel quantum gravity framework within a 6-dimensional spacetimeS^3 × R × C_τ , aiming to unify the four fundamental forces via geometric and transcausalstructures. The 3-sphere S^3 provides spatial topology, R a real-time axis, and Cτ a complexblock-time plane hosting transcausal effects. Gauge fields for gravity, electromagnetism, andthe strong and weak nuclear forces emerge from the spacetime’s geometry, while quantum states reside in a Hilbert space H. Observables are derived, distinguishing "play states" (accelerated, GR-influenced) from "game states" (inertial), with "wonder" defined as a twist torque observable. The theory is designed to be Popper-falsifiable, with potential applications in quantum optics and exotic propulsion.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2173] viXra:2503.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-17 01:52:05
Authors: Muhammad Shahzaib Uddin Khan
Comments: 19 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: AI assisted article is in general not acceptable)
This work unifies the Two-State Vector Formalism (TSVF) of quantum mechanics with N = 1 supersymmetry (SUSY) into a mathematically rigorous framework for quantum gravity. Key results include: (1) A ghost-free, renormalizable Lagrangian with bidirectional time evolution; (2) Proof of SUSY algebra closure under Planck-scale corrections; (3) One-loop renormalizability with asymptotic safety; (4) Testable predictions for gravitational wave physics, dark matter, and neutrino oscillations. The framework resolves tensions between SUSY and quantum gravity while offering falsifiable deviations from General Relativity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2172] viXra:2503.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-14 19:08:17
Authors: Leah Travers
Comments: 20 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: AI assisted article is in general not acceptable)
The values of fundamental physical constants have long been treated as free parameters, requiring empirical measurement rather than derivation from first principles. In this work, we establish a novel analytical proof demonstrating that these constants emerge as equilibrium conditions of a recursive differentiation process. This analysis reveals that these constants are not independent but are instead stabilized by a universal recursive scaling law.A central result of this work is the emergence of a fixed recursion exponent k ≈ -3, derived from first principles, which constrains the values of h, the fine-structure constant α, and the cosmological constant Λ through a logarithmic scaling relationship. This exponent aligns with known renormalization group flow constraints in quantum field theory, black hole entropy scaling in holographic gravity, and fractal structures in critical phenomena. We explore the implications of this result for gauge symmetries, vacuum energy, and the unification of fundamental interactions.Further, we demonstrate that recursion provides a natural resolution to the scale-separation problem by embedding quantum and cosmological parameters within the same self-organizing structure. This formalism suggests that fundamental constants arise as attractor solutions to recursive differentiation, challenging conventional assumptions about their arbitrariness. Predictions include logarithmic corrections to the fine-structure constant over cosmological timescales, recursive stability constraints on vacuum energy, and scale-invariant deviations in black hole entropy.This work establishes recursion as a fundamental organizing principle of physical law. The recursive differentiation framework presented here lays the foundation for further theoretical development and experimental validation. If confirmed, this result implies that the structure of reality itself is governed by universal recursion constraints rather than arbitrary parameter selection.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2171] viXra:2503.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-07 22:50:22
Authors: Dale Wahl
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: AI assisted article is in general not acceptable)
We present a conceptual framework that explores an alternative perspective on gravity and quantum mechanics, which I refer to as the Expanding Contracted Space Theory (ECST).ECST proposes that space contracts within mass while simultaneously expanding in different conditions, providing a potential mechanism for gravitational attraction, quantum behavior, and cosmic expansion. The theory aims to address open questions in gravitational physics, such as the nature of dark matter and gravitational lensing, as well as quantum uncertainty and wave-particle duality from a novel perspective.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2170] viXra:2503.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-06 21:27:05
Authors: Maksym Strygun
Comments: 4 pages, English. Independent research. Includes detailed cross-correlation analysis of GW170817 data with graphical illustrations. No journal submission. License: CC BY-SA 4.0.
This paper presents a correlation analysis of publicly available gravitational wave data from event GW170817 recorded by the LIGO detectors H1 and L1. The analysis aims to identify periodic oscillations predicted by a recently proposed novel time oscillation model, which describes time as possessing intrinsic spiral and oscillatory dynamics. Cross-correlation between the H1 and L1 signals revealed a maximum correlation at a time lag of approximately -14.37 seconds. This time shift is consistent with the theoretical predictions of the proposed model, suggesting possible intrinsic oscillatory dynamics of time. These findings, if confirmed across multiple events, could provide crucial insights into the fundamental nature of time and its relation to quantum gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2169] viXra:2503.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-03 20:53:26
Authors: Muhammad Shahzaib Uddin Khan
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper presents the first statistically significant evidence for a TSVF-SUSY induced phase shift in gravitational waves detected by the LIGO—Virgo—KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration. Through numerical simulations and statistical analysis, using time-domain and Fourier analysis techniques, I find a consistent phase shift of approximately **0.002 radians** across multiple events, including GW150914, GW170817, and GW190521. With a **corrected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR 433.34), recalculated using an improved integration method over the LIGO noise power spectral density**, and a p-value confirming statistical significance, Ianalyze the correlation of this effect with binaryparameters. I find that the TSVF-SUSY phase shift scales with **mass (r = 0.992), spin (r = 0.996), and redshift (r = 0.977)**, suggesting a non-universal effect linked to black hole properties and cosmic expansion. These results provide a testable prediction for future GW detections, particularly with upcoming observatories such as **LISA and the Einstein Telescope (ET)**, which will have enhanced sensitivity to phase shifts in different frequency regimes.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2168] viXra:2502.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2025-02-25 22:35:51
Authors: Johan Noldus
Comments: 220 Pages.
We covariantize quantum field theory and extend quantum theory to the spiritual domain required for structure formation.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2167] viXra:2502.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2025-02-25 22:32:40
Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 18 Pages. Original article
We consider the rigorous derivation of the Einstein equations by Fock. Then, we approach the way from the spin 1 fields to the spin 2 fields for massiveand massless particles and we derive the gravity equations from this base. Then, we approach the spin 3 gravity called by us the electromagnetic gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2166] viXra:2502.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2025-02-20 15:13:36
Authors: Nir Platek
Comments: 14 Pages. © 2025 Nir Platek. All rights reserved. Pre-print.
The reconciliation of quantum mechanics and general relativity hinges on resolving the "problem of time." In general relativity, time is a dynamic coordinate, whereas quantum mechanics treats it as an external, absolute parameter. Canonical quantum gravity, encapsulated by the Wheeler-DeWitt equation H Psi = 0, produces a timeless wavefunction, leaving the emergence of classical time unexplained. ChronoScalar Theory (CST) addresses this by introducing a quantum scalar field, termed the "chronon," which acts as an internal clock. Through a Born-Oppenheimer approximation, CST separates the gravitational and scalar degrees of freedom, enabling the chronon’s phase evolution to generate a Schrödinger-like equation. This mechanism dynamically produces time as an emergent property, bridging the quantum and classical regimes. The chronon is governed by a double-well potential V(Phi) = lambda (Phi^2 - v^2)^2, with a mass m_Phi ~ 0.1 meV, a scale intriguingly aligned with dark energy observations.CST offers testable predictions, notably a fifth force mediated by the chronon. This force, characterized by a Yukawa potential with strength alpha_G ~ 10^-4 and range lambda ~ 2 mm, operates at experimentally accessible scales. Precision torsion-balance experiments could detect this force, particularly in low-density environments, thanks to a built-in screening mechanism that ensures consistency with existing gravitational constraints. Beyond resolving the problem of time, CST connects to cosmology by proposing the chronon’s vacuum energy, rho_Phi ~ (0.1 meV)^4, as a candidate for dark energy, matching the observed cosmological constant.This theory’s testability sets it apart. The predicted fifth force provides a concrete empirical target, while its dark energy link offers a unified explanation for quantum gravity and cosmic phenomena. If validated, CST would mark a significant advance, not only solving a foundational issue in theoretical physics but also providing an observable bridge between quantum gravity, particle physics, and cosmology. Ongoing and future experiments targeting millimeter-range forces could confirm or refute CST, making it a compelling framework for exploring the quantum origin of time and gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2165] viXra:2502.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2025-02-17 20:58:05
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: (Non-comforming pages are removed by viXra Admin)
The complete eigenwert-problem of damping process of oscillating tangential spacetime is described and solved. Characterized are all solutions of an associated spacetime - differential-equation of second order from advanced Lorentz-Einstein-factor, which defines the whole oscillation-process of damping states. This system of oscillation-solutions can be described as a set of energy-equations. The system of two coupled spacetimes to a linked shell-model allows movement of material bodies or particles with ftl and real restmasses. This spacetime- lineelement can be interpreted as a one-parametrized pseudo-Kummersurface.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2164] viXra:2502.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2025-02-15 07:56:39
Authors: Salman Akhtar
Comments: 82 Pages.
The Conformal Emergent Reality Model (CERM) proposes a new paradigm in which spacetime is not a fundamental construct but emerges dynamically from a deeper Conformal geometry manifold (M, γμν) coupled with a scalar field Ω(x). This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical framework for CERM, detailing its mathematical foundations, field equations, and implications for Quantum Field Dynamics (QFD) and Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). By attributing gravitational anomalies to the behavior of Ω(x), CERM eliminates the need for dark matter and dark energy, offering a unified explanation for galactic rotation curves, cosmic acceleration, and the arrow of time. The model predicts observable phenomena, such as modifications to gravitational wave propagation, time-varying particle masses, and entropy growth driven by the evolution of Ω(x). These predictions are systematically analyzed alongside unresolved theoretical challenges, providing a pathway for future observational tests and refinements.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2163] viXra:2502.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2025-02-09 20:24:28
Authors: William Manuel
Comments: 14 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This paper explores how the Landauer Limit at Hawking Temperature input builds a bridge between quantum mechanics and General Relativity. By starting with the energy cost of measurement in constrained degrees of freedom, we uncover insights into gravitational energy and black hole thermodynamics. As the framework develops, it reveals connections to larger questions in physics, including the emergence of dark energy and the role of entropy in cosmic evolution. This step-by-step approach is built on known principles to suggest a unified perspective.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1659] viXra:2602.0096 [pdf] replaced on 2026-03-04 21:44:38
Authors: Tanuj Kumar, Vandana [Doe]
Comments: 25 Pages. Minor revision
We present a framework in which gravitation, inertia, and wave dynamics emerge from the response of a vacuum endowed with finite potential capacity. The theory is formulated in terms of a scalar vacuum-potential field whose absolute normalization is fixed by relativistic considerations, such that the equilibrium value at infinity equals c^2. Static relaxation of localized vacuum-potential deficits reproduces Newtonian gravity in the coarse-grained limit, while time-dependent redistribution generates propagating disturbances governed by a universal wave equation. Finite vacuum capacity implies intrinsic upper bounds on transmissible force and signal speed, yielding F_max=c^4/G and v≤c without invoking spacetime geometry or independent kinematic postulates. Vacuum microstructure further leads to a universal lattice dispersion relation with Planck-suppressed corrections,Δv/c≃-1/8 (E/E_P )^2,consistent with current astrophysical and gravitational-wave constraints. Gravitational redshift, lensing, horizons, and quantum correlations arise as energetic consequences of bounded vacuum response. The vacuum is modelled as a Dynamical Planck Network (DPN), providing a conservative and internally consistent bridge between relativistic gravitation and quantum wave phenomena.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1658] viXra:2601.0119 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-16 17:06:53
Authors: Malcolm McCoard
Comments: 24 Pages.
A new theory provides cause-and-effect explanations for dark energy, dark matter, universal gravity and the nature of time, based upon two simple justified propositions. Firstly, that spacetime being created from energy in the big bang, following the law of conservation of energy and demonstrated mathematical equivalences, is fundamentally energy. Secondly that the Einstein’s equivalence of mass and energy, can therefore be applied to Newton’s laws of motion, in relation to spacetime itself. In an expanding universe, this unconventional approach creates a force in proportion to spacetime energy momentum change, predicting universal gravity. Reciprocal forces created explain why mass bends proximate spacetime, potentially reconciling Newton’s and Einstein’s models of gravity. A consequential modification to the big bang, requires that inflation also creates simultaneous exponential uniform compression and therefore time dilation, in accordance with general relativity. Resultant continuous ongoing time dilated release and expansion of infinite spatial energy ‘moments’, along the temporal plane, creates the 4th dimension of Minkowski’s spacetime, aligning this theory with the mathematical framework describing general relativity. Time Dilated Spacetime Energy Release or TDSER has a perfect fit with dark energy and how we experience time, including special and general relativity. Unreleased spacetime compressed invisibly along the temporal plane is an excellent candidate for dark matter. This approach explains relativistic mass on a cause-and-effect basis and why nucleons have a greater mass than the sum of their parts. Consistent conjecture is presented on the first moment of creation; a big bang starting from nothing, creating familiar dimensions, all necessarily at 90 degrees. A contender for a single unifying force follows and is shown to match and indeed create equations describing Newton’s second law, the law of gravity and Plank’s force. Fundamental cause-and-effect mechanisms for quantum inertia, quantum gravity, force-carrying virtual particles and wave particle duality are presented. Proof is challenging and limited for such extensive claims, as TDSER does not modify the behaviour of spacetime, rather it is shown to align with and create existing frameworks. Hence this article, in attempting to describe an overall picture, falls between theoretical physics and science philosophy. It is a call to action to develop these ideas further; the potential, a consistent cause-and-effect basis for physics at all scales.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1657] viXra:2512.0087 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-02 10:36:39
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 19 Pages.
It is shown that a careful study of the simplest family of generalized Clifford algebras (GCAs) associated with the $N$-th root of unity in $d$-dimensions leads to the following generalized anti-commutator with $ N$ entries $ { e_{i_1}, e_{i_2}, e_{ i_3}, ldots, e_{ i_N} } = e_{i_1} e_{i_2} e_{ i_3} ldots e_{ i_N} + permutations = N! eta_{ i_1 i_2 ldots i_N } e $, where $e$ is the unit element and all the $ N !$ terms of the permutations appear with the same positive sign. The components of the rank-$N$ metric are $ eta_{ i_1 i_2 ldots i_N } = 1, $ iff $ i_1 = i_2 = i_3 ldots = i_ N $, and $0$ otherwise. The range of the indices $ i_1, i_2, ldots i_N $ is $ 1,2, ldots, d $. We proceed to explore the $N$-th norm extensions of the quadratic norm and write down a generalized Finsler-like arc-length based on the rank-$N$ metric $ g_{mu_1 mu_2 ldots mu_N}$. We continue by constructing the different expressions of the Dirac operators associated with the (Generalized) Clifford Spaces corresponding to these GCA's. Dirac operators are essential in the study of Spectral Geometry in Noncommutative Geometry after imposing the correspondence between the geodesic distance and the inverse of the Dirac operator (a fermion propagator). These generalized anti-commutators above are special types of an $N$-ary algebraic structure. We finalize by displaying the relation among GCAs and the algebras underlying the noncommutative fuzzy torus and discuss applications in condensed matter and quantum groups. We conclude with some remarks on $N$-ary algebras and their applications in Mathematics and Physics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1656] viXra:2510.0147 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-09 01:10:11
Authors: Patrice Uguet
Comments: 32 Pages.
This article proposes a realistic approach to entanglement by formulating the hypothesis that the photon is not a point-like entity, but a linear, vibrating particle endowed with energy, polarization, and spin: the photon-fibre.This material link between entangled particles ensures a continuity of state along its entire length.Thus, instantaneous entanglement correlations occur without invoking non-locality or the EPR paradox (Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, 1935).Applied to the Casimir effect, this representation assigns an intrinsic tension to the photon- fibre, capable of accounting for the attraction measured between plates (Casimir, 1948). The model distinguishes two states: a mobile and luminous state before electronic docking, and an established, immobile and dark state after docking.The presence of established fibres throughout the universe provides a mechanism and an interpretation for vacuum energy and dark matter (Zwicky, 1933; Rubin and Ford, 1970). At the atomic scale and beyond, this network of stretched fibres connecting electrons from distinct atoms generates collective tractions likely to constitute quantum gravity.We thus observe that quantum gravity may be understood as the set of universal entanglements.Dark matter would correspond to immobilized fibres, and dark energy to the expansive tension of fibres that remain mobile.We further suggest that this model can be extended to other bosons, opening the way toward a conceptual unification of the fundamental forces.Cosmological evolution would then result from the gradual conversion of mobile fibres into the established state: free light slowly transforms into gravitational cohesion.This conversion governs the dynamics of cosmic expansion and the balance between gravity and dark energy.Validation of these hypotheses must involve empirical experiments investigating the specific signature of a linear particle, the docking phenomenon in the Casimir effect, and any possible attractive force between two entangled elements.The Fibre Theory thus presents itself as a unified program for reframing quantum interactions and certain cosmological observations on the basis of a single physical object: the fibre.Mots-clés : Fibre-photon, actionneur de force, continuité d’état, force photonique, statut mobile, statut établi, photon sombre, arrimage, Réseau Global UniverselKeywords: Fiber-photon, force actuator, state continuity, photonic force, mobile status, established status, dark photon, docking, Universal Global Network.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1655] viXra:2510.0147 [pdf] replaced on 2025-11-05 15:29:04
Authors: Patrice Uguet
Comments: 29 Pages. La Théorie des Fibres est basée sur l'idée que toutes les particules de l'univers sont liées entre elles par des fibres. Le photon n'est pas une particule ponctuelle, mais une fibre linéaire, longue et fine : une fibre-photon.
AbstractThis paper proposes a realistic ontology of entanglement by formulating the hypothesis of a photon-fibre, a vibrating linear entity, endowed with energy, polarization and spin, whose material bond between entangled particles ensures a continuity of state along its entire length. Instantaneous entanglement correlations occur without resorting to non-locality or the EPR paradox (Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, 1935).Applied to the Casimir effect, this representation leads to the inference of an intrinsic tension to the fibre, capable of accounting for the attraction measured between plates (Casimir, 1948). The model distinguishes between a mobile and luminous regime before electronic stowage and then an established, immobile and dark regime after stowage; the presence of established1fibres throughout the universe, provides a mechanism and interpretation for vacuum energy and dark matter (Zwicky, 1933); (Rubin and Ford, 1970).Cosmological evolution results from the gradual transition of mobile fibres to the established state: free light slowly transforms into gravitational cohesion. This conversion governs the dynamics of expansion and the balance between gravity and dark energy.At the atomic scale and beyond, this network of stretched fibres connecting electrons from distinct atoms generates collective pulls that could participate in the structure of quantum gravity.We thus discover that quantum gravity could be the set of universal entanglements.Dark matter corresponds to immobilized fibres, dark energy, to the expansive tension of fibres that is still mobile.We suggest, furthermore, that this model can be generalized to other bosons, paving the way for a conceptual unification of the fundamental forces.The validation of these hypotheses must involve empirical experiments on the search for the specific signature of a linear particle, the phenomenon of docking in the Casimir effect, and a possible force of attraction between two entangled elements.The Fiber Theory is thus presented as a unified program to reconfigure quantum interactions and certain cosmological observations from the same physical object: the fibre.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1654] viXra:2508.0162 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-16 09:16:24
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 17 Pages.
Pursuing further our work on Born Reciprocal (Non-inertial) Relativity theory we find that the family of hyperbolic trajectories of particles living in a four-dim phase space of signature $ (2,2)$ automatically satisfy the maximal speed of light and the maximal proper force conditions. A direct link between the maximal proper force $ b $ and the minimum value of the initial positions $ (x_o)_{min}$ of these hyperbolic paths is found. Furthermore, when the maximal proper force is set to be equal to the Planck-mass squared $ b = m_P^2$ then $ (x_o)_{min} = 2 G {cal M } $ happens to coincide with the numerical value of the horizon radius of the Schwarzschild black hole in four spacetime dimensions. We proceed with a rigorous analysis of how open strings sweeping a two-dim world-sheet region inside a Rindler wedge in a $ D = 1 + 1 $ spacetime can be seen as a continuum of point masses that are being collectively accelerated along the Rindler hyperbolic trajectories. The upshot of this analysis reveals that these strings can naturally acquire a $variable$ tension which is consistent with the dynamical tension model of strings and branes proposed by Guendelman in the past years cite{Eduardo}. We finalize by analyzing strings moving in phase space backgrounds within the context of non-inertial relativity theory.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1653] viXra:2508.0072 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-01 14:05:44
Authors: Rudi Van Nieuwenhove
Comments: 17 Pages. Extension of previous version
This article proposes a deterministic foundation for quantum mechanics and spacetime based on a Unified Dynamic Network Theory (UDNT), in which nodes and links form the sole constituents of physical reality. Space, matter, and time are not independent entities but emergent aspects of the same underlying network dynamics. Nodes undergo continuous join—split cycles, producing the intrinsic oscillatory behavior normally attributed to zero-point fluctuations. Distance is defined by the typical number of network transitions between two regions rather than by pre-existing geometric separation. Phases attached to the network links enable multiple microscopic paths to coexist, providing a deterministic mechanism for superposition, interference, and wave-like behavior. Spin is incorporated through a minimal two-component internal structure of the link phases.Matter arises as a stable pattern of enhanced connectivity that retains its identity under the network’s evolution. In this way, space and matter are unified: particles are excitations of the same relational structure that constitutes the geometry around them. Such excitations naturally modify the surrounding network, suggesting a path toward a geometric description of gravitation. Quantum entanglement is reinterpreted as the presence of direct nonlocal connections that impose correlations without transmitting signals through space. In this framework, quantum randomness is not fundamental but emerges from the complexity of the network’s deterministic evolution. The UDNT approach thus offers a coherent relational picture in which spacetime, matter, and quantum phenomena jointly arise from a single, evolving network substrate.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1652] viXra:2508.0072 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-22 08:29:22
Authors: Rudi Van Nieuwenhove
Comments: 11 Pages.
This article develops a deterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics based on a unified dynamic network (UDN). The model is grounded in the hypothesis that physical reality consists of nodes and links evolving according to simple rules of splitting and joining. Space, time, matter, and quantum phenomena emerge from this network, with apparent randomness reinterpreted as the result of deterministic complexity. Matter arises as self-sustained dynamical structures, while quantum fields correspond to extended oscillations in the network. In particular, quantum entanglement is reinterpreted as the manifestation of direct nonlocal links within the network, rather than as mysterious correlations across spacetime. The resulting framework offers a unified perspective in which quantum physics and relativity appear as emergent aspects of an underlying deterministic dynamics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1651] viXra:2508.0072 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-10 17:35:29
Authors: Rudi Van Nieuwenhove
Comments: 9 Pages.
This article develops a deterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics based on a universal dynamic network (UDN). The model is grounded in the hypothesis that physical reality consists of nodes and links evolving according to simple rules of splitting and joining. Space, time, matter, and quantum phenomena emerge from this network, with apparent randomness reinterpreted as the result of deterministic complexity. Matter arises as self-sustained dynamical structures, while quantum fields correspond to extended oscillations in the network. In particular, quantum entanglement is reinterpreted as the manifestation of direct nonlocal links within the network, rather than as mysterious correlations across spacetime. The resulting framework offers a unified perspective in which quantum physics and relativity appear as emergent aspects of an underlying deterministic dynamics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1650] viXra:2507.0088 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-19 01:41:16
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 9 Pages.
The $kappa$-deformed exponential $ exp_kappa ( x) = exp left( { 1 over kappa } arcsinh ( kappa x ) ight) $ studied by Kaniadakis cite{K} allows to construct ``deformed" Lorentz transformations associated with the ordinary velocity boost rapidity parameter $ xi$ and which can be recast in terms of ordinary Lorentz transformations (involving the ordinary exponential) but associated with a $kappa$-deformed (modified) rapidity parameter $ xi_kappa = xi f ( kappa xi ) $ given by a $ xi$-dependent scaling of the original $ xi$ rapidity parameter. It is shown that when $both$ the $ kappa$ parameter and $ xi ightarrow infty$, and the double scaling limit $ xi { ln ( 2 kappa xi ) over kappa xi } = infty times 0 $ is finite and nonzero, it leads to a $finite$ value for the $kappa$-deformed boost rapidity parameter $ xi_{kappa = infty} = xi_{ infty} ot= infty $, such that the $kappa$-deformed velocity (in units of $ c = 1$) $ tanh ( xi_kappa ) = v_kappa < 1 $ is $less$ than the speed of light, and in turn, the Lorentz dilation factor $ gamma ( v_kappa) ot= infty $ $no$ longer $blows$ up. Consequently, there is a $lower$ bound in the length $ L' = { L over gamma ( v_k ) } ot= 0 $ due to a $finite$ Lorentz length contraction. After imposing that the lower bound $ L' $ should not be smaller than the postulated minimum Planck scale one arrives at the length-scale-dependent relation $ arccosh ( { L over L_P} ) = xi_infty > 0 $ that admits a physical interpretation analogous to the running of the physical couplings and masses with the energy scale in the Renormalization Group program in Quantum Field Theory.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1649] viXra:2507.0035 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-25 08:48:03
Authors: Alaya Kouki
Comments: 42 Pages.
From Restraint Relativity it is possible to consider a corpuscle as a packet of strings. The variation of the length of this packet is equal to the phase speed of the corpuscle as a packet of waves times an universal constant. In a system of units where ℏ=c=a=1 the string vector becomes equal to the wave vector. With this notion of packet of strings the principle of uncertainty is incorporated in Relativity & Classic Mechanics.Vacuum energy density problem is resolved and we had concluded that Newton gravitational constant depends on the observable radius of the Universe.At the vicinity of the horizon of a black hole the spectrum of radiation in the visible range will be continuous.With the notion of modular cells General Relativity equations can be resolved easy by machine calculator. There is great similitude of equations forms of modular cells for weak & strong gravitational fields.We had propose also a new model for the hydrogen atom and associate to a black hole a Planck atom by similitude to Bohr atom.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1648] viXra:2506.0134 [pdf] replaced on 2025-06-28 03:06:59
Authors: Tomasz Kobierzycki
Comments: 17 Pages.
In this paper I will explore a way to create a gravity like equations just from coordinate transformations between systems that will be a vector fields. Those vector fields will represent motion of fields, from their relative transformation of their motion I will create metric and a field equation that connects motion with energy. Will add quantum like effects in last part of this paper that will connect probability with spacetime interval. It will be done by using complex spacetime. I do not present solutions to those equations only mathematical model and physical interpretation.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1647] viXra:2506.0116 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-10 15:26:26
Authors: Risto Raitio
Comments: 20 Pages. Published in Nucl. Phys. B, 116990 (2025). doi: j.nuclphysb.2025.116990
This article reveals the unexpected result that three a priori distinct ideas--global supersymmetry of preons, Hartle-Hawking cosmology, and Chern-Simons quantum gravity--share common concepts that offer paths beyond the Standard Model. Differences from the MSSM are discussed.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1646] viXra:2506.0101 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-19 04:36:58
Authors: Stefen Colalillo
Comments: 212 Pages.
This paper introduces a Master Equation; a unified physical framework derived from first principles, which reconceptualizes time as a dynamic quantized energetic field.In contrast to prevailing models that treat time as a passive coordinate, this theory positions time as the foundational driver of all physical behavior, shaping motion, gravity, entropy, quantum behavior, and cosmological structure through its gradients and phase coherence.The master equation governing this temporal field is a covariant Euler-Lagrange expression that gives rise to modified versions of Einstein’s field equations, Schrödinger’s equation, the second law of thermodynamics, and the Friedmann equations. This framework addresses major problems in modern physics, including quantum measurement, dark matter, dark energy, entropy, and the arrow of time; it reinterprets mass, charge, and spin as emergent τ-structures, and offers a unified temporal model for cosmic evolution. The universe’s birth is framed as a spontaneous symmetry break in τ; its eventual fate, a universal collapse to ∇τ = 0. Testable predictions include corrected galaxy rotation curves, CMB phase anisotropies, and decoherence signatures in interferometry. This framework presents a falsifiable, mathematically complete, and empirically grounded foundation for unifying gravitational, quantum, and thermodynamic behavior — anchored not in spacetime geometry, but in the energetic architecture of time itself.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1645] viXra:2506.0101 [pdf] replaced on 2025-06-23 21:12:57
Authors: Stefen Colalillo
Comments: 171 Pages.
This paper introduces a Master Equation, a unified physical framework derived from first principles, which reconceptualizes time as a dynamic quantized energetic field. In contrast to prevailing models that treat time as a passive coordinate, this theory positions time as the foundational driver of all physical behavior; shaping motion, gravity, entropy, quantum behavior, and cosmological structure through its gradients and phase coherence.The master equation governing this temporal field is a covariant Euler—Lagrange expression that gives rise to modified versions of Einstein’s field equations, Schrödinger’s equation, the second law of thermodynamics, and the Friedmann equations. This framework addresses major problems in modern physics including quantum measurement, dark matter, dark energy, entropy, and the arrow of time; it reinterprets mass, charge, and spin as emergent τ-structures, and offers a temporal model for life, death, consciousness, and cosmic evolution. The universe’s birth is framed as a spontaneous symmetry break in τ; its eventual fate, a universal collapse to ∇τ = 0.Testable predictions include corrected galaxy rotation curves, CMB phase anisotropies, and decoherence signatures in interferometry. This framework presents a falsifiable, mathematically complete, and empirically grounded foundation for unifying gravitational, quantum, and thermodynamic behavior — anchored, not in spacetime geometry, but in the energetic architecture of time itself.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1644] viXra:2506.0093 [pdf] replaced on 2025-06-24 14:05:57
Authors: Robert J. Mapes
Comments: 22 Pages. A proposed unified framework for physics and proof of Dirac LNH with a numerically correct gravitational constant calculated from the density of space, the speed of light and pi.
A general fluid medium governed by Navier—Stokes equations embeds electromagnetism and yields gravity as emergent pressure. This resolves the two-body problem and redefines gravitational and cosmological constants via Dirac’s Large Number Hypothesis. A hydrodynamic quantum theory also addresses the measurement problem. This unifies all forces through the medium’s density sources.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1643] viXra:2505.0136 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-21 07:21:35
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 13 Pages.
Since first action at Big Bang the universe is determined by spacetime-vacuumstructures, not by matter. Material atomic structures of hydrogen molecules or other chemical elements or particles like quarks, gluons and leptons only deviate from the basic, important concepts of nature: spacetime. This concept is an energy-structure, which lies at the base of all existing objects and interactions which are described over matter structure. So this description via General Relativity nowadays leads to the thinking of underlying spacetime-structure as the real thing, which describes the important forces of universe in first line. The existence of matter floating on space-time only distracts from the true basic description of the real world and feigns importance where only irritation exists. Natural philosophers like Cosmologists and spacetime physicists should therefore concentrate on the fundamentals that a vacuum structure of space-time provides for the explanation of the existence of the universe and refrain from and abstract from considerations of matter. This situation may lead to a better understanding of the basic structures of a quantum-gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1642] viXra:2505.0084 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-19 21:34:50
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 18 Pages.
We introduce here a speculative proposal for merging the gauge-gravity duality with theonset of fractal spacetime well above the electroweak scale. The proposal generates apositive cosmological constant in 1D spacetime, consistent with the dimensional reduction conjecture expected to take place near the Planck scale. Our proposal also unveils a) a possible path towards field unification in fractal dimensions and b), an unforeseen bridge between fluid/gravity correspondence and the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE).
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1641] viXra:2504.0070 [pdf] replaced on 2025-04-14 00:58:03
Authors: Nigel B. Cook
Comments: 6 Pages. Diagrams added to aid understanding QFT mechanism ((Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org))
We propose that the Coulomb force emerges from the zero-point field, initially manifesting as the Casimir force (∝ 1/d^4) between two event horizon-sized "plates" (electrons or an electron-positron pair), which is then converted to the Coulomb form (∝ 1/d^2) via total exclusion of virtual photon exchange between charges. Using Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and a black hole cutoff (λ_min = 2Gm/c^2), we derive the Casimir force, then show how vacuum polarization shielding—quantified by the running coupling α(Q2)—adjusts the magnitude and distance dependence to match Coulomb’s law. This energy-conservation-based mechanism unifies the Casimir and Coulomb forces within quantum field theory, supporting quark-lepton unification. Diagrams aid understanding this QFT mechanism.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1640] viXra:2504.0025 [pdf] replaced on 2025-04-14 01:00:36
Authors: Andrew W. Beckwith
Comments: 58 Pages. [Article expanded and submitted to JHEPGC]
We make more specific initial contributions of prior work w.r.t. Tokamaks , relic black holes, and a relationship between a massive graviton particle count and quantum number n, and also add a great more to contributions of our conclusions w.r.t. the wave function of the universe. Our idea for black hole physics being used for GW generation, is using Torsion to form a cosmological constant. Planck sized black holes allow for a spin density term linked to Torsion.. In doing so, we review its similarities to frequency values for GW due to a Tokamak simulation. The conclusion of this document will be in bringing up values for an initial wave function of the Universe and an open question as to the applications of a white hole-black hole wormhole bridge between a prior to the present universe as well as a speculation as to particle count, and a quantum number, n, as specified in our document.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1639] viXra:2504.0018 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-17 03:14:17
Authors: Charles Young
Comments: 29 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
Dimensional Evolution is a unifying theory proposing that all physical phenomena—including gravity, magnetism, quantum behavior, and consciousness—are expressions of fractal resonance between an observed waveform (the YouVerse) and its entangled inverse (the YouInverse). This model reframes gravity as dimensional tension, magnetism as inverse field interference, and consciousness as the primary selector of experience through resonance—not collapse. The theory introduces a new interpretation of observation: not destruction of superposition, but harmonic selection of waveform reality. It redefines electrons as micro event horizons, DNA as resonant identity code, and magnetism as the visible trace of consciousness aligning fields. This document includes mathematical models, experimental pathways, and metaphysical parallels connecting ancient symbology (e.g. the Eye of Horus and the Ankh) with dimensional geometry. Dimensional Evolution offers a testable, fractal perspective linking the foundations of physics, biology, and self-awareness under one harmonic law.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1638] viXra:2503.0134 [pdf] replaced on 2025-06-03 22:29:28
Authors: Jennifer Nielsen
Comments: 122 Pages.
This paper presents a novel unified field theory based on a 9-dimensional spacetime on S^1->S^9->CP^4 that elegantly unifies gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces through topological principles. The Standard Model gauge groups SU(3)_C × SU(2)_L × U(1)_Y are derived with gravity as a single field from the fibration’s geometry and topology, where gravity is formulated as a topological quantum field theory without the necessity of a metric but reducing to general relativity in a 4D reduction. The base space parameterizes complex time and space dynamics, distinguishing between inertial and accelerated states. The theory is consistent with current experimental data and yields unprecedented first-principles predictions of lepton (electron, muon, tau), photon, graviton, and intermediate vector boson (Z, W, Higgs) masses and resolves the muon g-2 anomaly within greater precision than lattice-QCD. The quantum numbers and constants including the speed of light c, the gravitational constant G, the vacuum expectation value, and the fine structure constant are derived from first principles of the theory. The theory offers a falsifiable, topologically grounded theory of everything, predicting phase shifts testable via contemporary interferometry and offering a new paradigm for understanding fundamental interactions and spacetime structure.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1637] viXra:2503.0134 [pdf] replaced on 2025-04-23 20:06:00
Authors: Jennifer Lorraine Nielsen
Comments: 60 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper presents a novel unified field theory based on the complex Hopf fibration S^1 → S^9 → CP^4, a 9-dimensional spacetime that elegantly unifies gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces through topological principles. The Standard Model gauge groups SU(3)_C × SU(2)_L × U(1)_Y are derived from the fibration’s geometry and topology, with gravity formulated as a topological field theory in a 4D reduction. The base CP^4 encodes complex time and space dynamics, distinguishing between inertial and accelerated states. The theory is consistent with current experimental data and yields first-principles predictions of boson and fermion masses, including neutrino masses, without empirical input, which is an unprecedented achievement. The topology further accounts for the muon and electron g-2 wobbles, with predictions matching experimental data in divergence from the standard model. The theory offers a falsifiable, topologically grounded theory of everything, predicting phase shifts testable via contemporary interferometry. The theory provides a new paradigm for understanding fundamental interactions and spacetime structure.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1636] viXra:2503.0114 [pdf] replaced on 2025-10-23 14:16:41
Authors: Bader Binkhudhayr
Comments: 15 Pages.
The Unifying Theory (UT) proposes a transformative approach to unifying quantum mechanics and classical physics by redefining motion as discrete jumps. Each jump is defined by two temporal parameters: a brief jump duration and a "linger time" denoting the pause between successive jumps. The theory postulates two motion regimes: stochastic jumps with zero linger time, spanning the wave function’s spatial extent and producing quantum interference patterns; and deterministic jumps at fixed distances (the de Broglie wavelength λ_dB) with non-zero linger time, yielding classical behavior. The transition between regimes is triggered by measurement-induced entanglement with a measurement system—a process where quantum systems entangle with detectors, altering their jump dynamics from stochastic to deterministic, thus providing a physical mechanism for wave function collapse. UT also explains length contraction by incorporating relativistic effects through a dilated jump time t_p^'=t_p/√(1-v^2/c^2 ),. Finally, UT offers testable predictions, including distinct electron scattering angles of ~0.05° on crystalline surfaces when the de Broglie wavelength matches lattice spacing—testable with existing electron microscopy techniques. Unlike current approaches that treat quantum and classical physics as separate domains, UT provides a unified framework with concrete experimental signatures.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1635] viXra:2503.0097 [pdf] replaced on 2025-04-29 08:07:54
Authors: Muhammad Shahzaib Uddin Khan
Comments: 73 Pages.
TSVF-SUSY is a new theoretical framework that aims to unify quantum mechanics and gravity using a time-symmetric and CPT-invariant approach. It combines the Two-State Vector Formalism (TSVF) with N=1 supersymmetry to create a retrocausal model of spacetime. The theory introduces a modified Lagrangian that includes forward and backward-evolving quantum states, as well as second-quantized gravitons.Through functional renormalization group analysis, the model predicts a stable ultraviolet fixed point, which supports the idea that the theory remains consistent at high energies (asymptotic safety). TSVF-SUSY also makes testable predictions, such as gravitational wave echoes, unusual neutrino oscillation patterns, and measurable shifts in weak measurement experiments.Beyond predictions, the framework offers solutions to major unsolved problems in physics. It proposes a cancellation mechanism for the cosmological constant, explains dark energy through auxiliary supersymmetric fields, and naturally suppresses small-scale cosmic structure, helping to resolve the so-called sigma-8 tension. The model has been validated through symbolic calculations, numerical simulations, and is consistent with known experimental data.Overall, TSVF-SUSY presents a self-consistent, falsifiable, and experimentally testable approach to quantum gravity and the nature of spacetime.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1634] viXra:2503.0097 [pdf] replaced on 2025-04-04 11:49:09
Authors: Muhammad Shahzaib Uddin Khan
Comments: 57 Pages.
This paper presents TSVF-SUSY, a novel framework that unifies the Two-State Vector Formalism (TSVF) of quantum mechanics with N=1 Supersymmetry (SUSY), forming a time-symmetric, CPT-invariant, and renormalizable theory for quantum gravity. By incorporating retrocausal boundary conditions and supersymmetric closure, the theory resolves long-standing paradoxes in quantum mechanics and cosmology. We demonstrate how TSVF-SUSY naturally preserves information through retrocausal interactions, offering a holographic resolution to the black hole information paradox. The framework’s dualities—TSVF-T (Temporal T-Duality), TSVF-S (Weak-Strong Duality), and TSVF-U (Universal Duality)—are explored, with connections drawn to quantum entanglement, gravitational wave physics, and the deep structure of spacetime. Additionally, we investigate testable predictions, such as gravitational wave echoes, neutrino oscillation anomalies, and graviton scattering amplitudes, paving the way for experimental verification via current and future observational platforms like LIGO/Virgo, DUNE, and the Einstein Telescope. This theory offers a self-consistent, holographically-encoded framework for reconciling quantum gravity with information conservation, providing new insights into the nature of spacetime, quantum entanglement, and fundamental physics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1633] viXra:2502.0191 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-24 10:36:27
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 20 Pages.
Starting with a brief review of Born Reciprocal (non-inertial) Relativity Theory (BRRT), it is shown how massless photons in one frame of reference can appear massive in an acccelerated frame. An immediate application can be found in the behavior of in-falling/outgoing photons propagating in a black hole gravitational background where in-falling and outgoing photons from the point of view of an accelerated frame of reference (with respect to a static spherically symmetric Schwarzschild black hole, for example) will appear massive and subluminal. In view of these novel findings that massless particles can appear massive in accelerated frames, it should have many important consequences in cosmology (dark energy, dark matter problem) and QFT.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1632] viXra:2502.0100 [pdf] replaced on 2025-06-12 00:23:26
Authors: Hyoyoung Choi
Comments: 29 Pages.
In contrast to the standard Effective Field Theory (EFT), which relies on an infinite series of unknown coefficients (c_1, c_2, ...) to parameterize divergences, this paper demonstrates that gravitational self-energy provides the physical mechanism for a self-renormalizing theory, where both the divergences and the unknown coefficients required to absorb them (features inherent to the standard EFT model) are naturally eliminated. Based on the principle that the gravitational source is the effective mass (M_eff), which includes its own self-energy, we derive a running coupling G(k), that not only reproduces the canonical low-energy quantum corrections of EFT but also vanishes at a critical scale, R_{gs-GR-1st} ~ 1.16G_NM_fr/c^2 ~ 0.58R_S. This self-renormalization mechanism eliminates divergences at their source, rendering higher-order counter-terms unnecessary and nullifying all classical and quantum gravitational interactions at this critical scale. This framework provides physical origins for two fundamental concepts in physics. First, the repulsive force that emerges for radii smaller than R_{gs-GR-1st} (where G(k) < 0) offers a natural resolution to the black hole singularity problem. Second, the Planck-scale cutoff (Λ ~ M_Pc^2) is identified as a physical boundary where the negative gravitational self-energy of a quantum fluctuation precisely balances its positive mass-energy, yielding a total energy E_T ~ 0. This mechanism dynamically prevents the formation of negative energy states. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the single, fundamental principle of gravitational self-energy (or binding energy) offers a unified framework to consistently describe gravity from astrophysical to Planck scales. It provides a coherent solution for the problems of gravitational divergence, renormalization, singularities, and the physical origin of the Planck cutoff, while also offering a new perspective on cosmological phenomena such as cosmic acceleration.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1631] viXra:2502.0100 [pdf] replaced on 2025-06-11 02:53:31
Authors: Hyoyoung Choi
Comments: 25 Pages.
In contrast to the standard Effective Field Theory (EFT), which relies on an infinite series of unknown coefficients (c_1, c_2, ...) to parameterize divergences, this paper demonstrates that gravitational self-energy provides the physical mechanism for a self-renormalizing theory, where both the divergences and the unknown coefficients required to absorb them (features inherent to the standard EFT model) are naturally eliminated. Based on the principle that the gravitational source is the effective mass (M_eff), which includes its own self-energy, we derive a running coupling G(k), that not only reproduces the canonical low-energy quantum corrections of EFT but also vanishes at a critical scale, R_{gs-GR-1st} ~ 1.16G_NM_fr/c^2 ~ 0.58R_S. This self-renormalization mechanism eliminates divergences at their source, rendering higher-order counter-terms unnecessary and nullifying all classical and quantum gravitational interactions at this critical scale. This framework provides physical origins for two fundamental concepts in physics. First, the repulsive force that emerges for radii smaller than R_{gs-GR-1st} (where G(k) < 0) offers a natural resolution to the black hole singularity problem. Second, the Planck-scale cutoff (Λ ~ M_Pc^2) is identified as a physical boundary where the negative gravitational self-energy of a quantum fluctuation precisely balances its positive mass-energy, yielding a total energy E_T ~ 0. This mechanism dynamically prevents the formation of negative energy states. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the single, fundamental principle of gravitational self-energy (or binding energy) offers a unified framework to consistently describe gravity from astrophysical to Planck scales. It provides a coherent solution for the problems of gravitational divergence, renormalization, singularities, and the physical origin of the Planck cutoff, while also offering a new perspective on cosmological phenomena such as cosmic acceleration.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1630] viXra:2502.0100 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-13 09:04:21
Authors: Hyoyoung Choi
Comments: 19 Pages.
By incorporating gravitational binding energy into an effective mass M_eff, we derive the RG flow and the running gravitational coupling G(k). The gravitational coupling is given by G(k) = G_N[1 - (3G_NM_fr/5R_mc^2)(1 + (15/14)(G_NM_fr/R_mc^2)] = G_N[1 - (3G_N/5R_mc^3)k(1 + (15/14)(G_N/R_mc^3)k)], where R_m is the radius of the mass or energy distribution, and R_{gp-GR} ~ 1.16(G_NM_fr/c^2)~0.58R_S is the critical radius derived from general relativity at which the negative gravitational self-energy (binding energy) balances the mass-energy. At R_m = R_gp-GR, where G(k) = 0 and the gravitational coupling vanishes, G(k) resolves gravitational divergences without quantum corrections and provides effective renormalization. This study proves that the QFT cut-off Λ ~ M_Pc^2 serves as a physical boundary across all energy scales in quantum gravity. Quantum fluctuations (ΔE~M_Pc^2) with Δt~t_P yield an energy distribution radius R_m ~ l_P, where negative gravitational self-energy balances (or offsets) mass-energy, yielding E_T ~ 0 and thus eliminating divergences via G(k) = 0 and preventing negative energy states. In contrast, for proton or electron masses, R_m >> R_gp-GR (or R_gp), leading to E_T ~ Mc^2, rendering gravitational effects negligible and unsuitable for a cut-off. This affirms the Planck scale's unique role in quantum gravity. For R_m < R_gp-GR, G(k) < 0, inducing a repulsive force that prevents singularity formation in black holes. This framework unifies solutions to gravitational divergences and singularity issues, offering new insights into cosmological phenomena such as cosmic acceleration.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1629] viXra:2502.0100 [pdf] replaced on 2025-04-29 21:06:53
Authors: Hyoyoung Choi
Comments: 15 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please remove "Physics Department")
By incorporating binding energy into an effective mass M_eff, we derive the RG flow and gravitational coupling G(k). G(k)=(1 - (3G_N/5(R_m)c^3)k)G_N=(1 - R_gp/R_m)G_N, where R_m is the radius of the mass or energy distribution and R_gp=(3/5)(GM_fr/c^2) is the radius at which the negative gravitational self-energy (binding energy) balances the mass-energy. At R_m = R_gp, where G(k) = 0 and the gravitational coupling vanishes, G(k) resolves gravitational divergences without quantum corrections and provides effective renormalization. This study proves that the QFT cut-off Λ~ M_Pc^2 serves as a physical boundary across all energy scales in quantum gravity. Quantum fluctuations (ΔE ~ M_Pc^2) with Δt ~ t_P yield an energy distribution radius R_m ~ l_P, where negative gravitational self-energy balances mass-energy, yielding E_T ~ 0, thus eliminating divergences via G(k) = 0 and preventing negative energy states. In contrast, for proton or electron masses, R_m >> R_gp, leading to E_T ~ M c^2, rendering gravitational effects negligible and unsuitable for a cut-off. Thereby affirming the Planck scale’s unique role in quantum gravity. If R_m > R_gp, G(k)>0, yielding an attractive force. If R_m = R_gp, G(k)=0, and the gravitational coupling vanishes. If R_m < R_gp, G(k)<0, yielding a repulsive force or antigravity. This repulsive force prevents singularity formation in black holes. Therefore, the singularity problem is also solved.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
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