| viXra.org > Thermodynamics and Energy > 2210 |
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| viXra.org > Thermodynamics and Energy > 2210 |
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[4] viXra:2210.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-31 01:06:05
Authors: Deepanker Shukla
Comments: 9 Pages.
The idea of transferring heat via graphene is analysed with respect to altitude in COMSOLMultiphysics and results have been documented in this paper.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy
[3] viXra:2210.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-27 00:59:52
Authors: Friedhelm Jöge
Comments: 2 Pages.
A formula is developed that shows the equivalence of Energy and Time.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy
[2] viXra:2210.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2022-10-07 02:09:11
Authors: Xia Cao
Comments: 29 Pages.
No scientific theory is absolutely correct and unchangeable. Any scientific theory is the product of human's periodic cognition, which will continue to be improved with the development of new discoveries and scientific technology. It has been found that the electric field can be generated by the friction, and the changing electric field can be generated by constant friction. After the friction stops, the electric field called electrostatic field will exist for a period of time or even longer. Accordingly, a series of experiments were designed. The 1-watt bulb can be lighted by collecting the changing electric field energy when a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) board was rubbed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film by hand. When a closed coil was placed in the generated changing electric field, an induced current and an induced electromotive force were generated in the coil, and the scissors in the coil can be magnetized. The 1-watt bulb can be lighted by the generated changing electric field, when one end of the plastic rod was rubbed by fur. Besides, the magnetic phenomenon was produced in the closed coil connected to the plastic rod. In addition, we found that shaking the plastic rod with an electrostatic field generated by the friction can also generate a changing electric field, which not only wirelessly lighted the 28-watt fluorescent tube lamp, but also produced an induced current and an induced electromotive force in the closed coil nearby the lamp. Based on the above experiments, we have the following speculation. Just as the unified theory of electromagnetism, the changing electric field produces a magnetic field, and the varying magnetic field produces an electric field. In fact, the electric field is a magnetic field and the magnetic field is an electric field, so they can be regarded as energy fields in essence. The coil and conductor can be regarded as the energy collector that can collect energy from the energy field, as long as there is a relatively constantly changing energy field in the collector. The conduction current is transmitted in the collector, while part of the energy field that is not collected in free space, which corresponds to the displacement current in the fourth equation of Maxwell's equations. The essence of Maxwell's equations and related laws are two different phenomena resulting from energy field in the closed-loop self-circulating state or open-loop acyclic state (truncated to < 400 words by viXra Admin).
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy
[1] viXra:2210.0017 [pdf] replaced on 2025-01-27 02:14:45
Authors: Kenichi Akabane
Comments: 19 Pages. There are no changes to the contents of the manuscript, but for clarity, Fig. 1 has been added and Figs. 4 and 5 have been deleted. Accordingly, the text related to Figs. 4 and 5 has been deleted.
Since Planck’s explanation of blackbody radiation over one century ago, researchers have considered that the law of equipartition does not apply to photons. Furthermore, since the publication of Bose distribution theory, photons have been presumed to follow the Bose distribution (quantum statistics) rather than the Boltzmann distribution. I first show that the mean energy of photons based on Wien’s radiation law, which slightly differs from that of Planck’s law, equals the mean energy 3kT of the lattice vibrations of a solid and hence satisfies the idealized classical law of equipartition (where k is Boltzmann’s constant and T is the equilibrium temperature). However, zero-frequency photons are logically nonexistent because all of their components are zero; accordingly, they must be excluded from the distribution. Using this fact, I demonstrate that Planck’s law is merely Wien’s radiation law with the zero-frequency photons excluded from the distribution, which follows the classical law of equipartition and the Boltzmann distribution law. Additionally, I show that the accepted theory of photons cannot exclude zero-frequency photons from the distribution. The present study might help to elucidate the mechanism of the specific heat of solids mediated by phonons, which (like photons in a cavity) form standing waves.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy
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