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[257] viXra:2410.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2024-10-28 13:19:20
Authors: Kim Tumlinson Eaton
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper explores the concepts of validity and soundness within deductive arguments. A deductive argument is valid if its logical form ensures that the premises, if true, make it impossible for the conclusion to be false. Soundness, on the other hand, requires that the argument is valid and that all its premises are true. The distinction between validity and soundness is crucial, as a valid argument can still lead to a false conclusion if its premises are false. Conversely, a sound argument always guarantees a true conclusion. The paper emphasizes the importance of logical form in determining validity, illustrating that similar surface grammar can mask different logical structures. Additionally, it discusses how symbolic logic is used to clarify the relationship between premises and conclusions in formal reasoning. This distinction helps in understanding that while validity concerns the structure of an argument, soundness relates to the truthfulness of its premises. Finally, the paper touches upon the relevance of these concepts in more advanced logical systems, such as mathematical logic.
Category: Linguistics
[256] viXra:2410.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2024-10-16 09:49:31
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 20 Pages.
We study the head words of the Thai-English Student's Dictionary compiled by Mary R. Haas,way back in 1964.We draw the natural logarithm of thenumber of head words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of therank of the letter, normalised.We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0$), themagnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model with four nearest neighbours in the absence of external magnetic field.$beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature, H is external magnetic field and$k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[255] viXra:2409.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2024-09-29 13:15:39
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 28 Pages.
We study the Swedish language words of the Swedish Dictionary, English-Swedish/Swedish-English,1997 Reprint. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of the Swedish language words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised/unnormalised. We find that the Swedish words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in the presence of little external magnetic field.
Category: Linguistics
[254] viXra:2405.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2024-05-07 20:50:24
Authors: Sunil Sondhi
Comments: 21 Pages.
The unifying vision of reason and intuition in Indian linguistic tradition as established in the Vedas, Upanishads, and the works of scholars and sages like Panini, Patanjali, Bharatmuni, Bhartrihari, and Abhinavagupta, embraces levels and structure of language, objective reality, and the absolute reality. The search for general rules underlying the diversity of languages is ultimately an exploration of the very nature of human mind and its relation with reality. It reveals the interconnections between language, thought and reality. Panini’s grammar, Bharatmuni’s view of dramatic performance as an integrated entity, and Bhartrihari’s view of sentence as a meaningful unit reveals the unifying relationship of the parts and the whole, between the objective reality of the world and the Absolute Reality, and between reason and intuition. The essential message of Indian classical texts with regard to language and communication is that there are different levels of language between the two extremes termed as Vaikhari and Pasyanti, which correspond to different levels of consciousness of the Absolute Reality. The Absolute Reality lies outside human perceptions of space and time and is, therefore, is not expressible in ordinary language. The experience of that reality can only be indicated by words that try to go beyond words. Meaningful thought and communication requires constant interplay of lower and higher levels of speech, symbolizing constant interplay of the relative and Absolute Reality, and reason and intuition.
Category: Linguistics
[253] viXra:2404.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2024-04-23 08:08:28
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 20 Pages.
We study the Urdu head entries of the Urdu-Hindi Shabdakosh by Muhammad Sajjad Osmani, Sudhindra Kumar.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of Urdu head entries, normalised, starting with a Hindi letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the Hindi letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0$), themagnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Isingmodel with four nearest neighbours in the absence of external magnetic field i.e. $beta H=0$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature, H is external magnetic field and $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[252] viXra:2404.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2024-04-06 06:05:09
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 20 Pages.
We study the entries of the Standard Urdu-English Dictionary by Abdul Haq.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.02$), themagnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Isingmodel with four nearest neighbours with $beta H=0.02$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature, H is external magnetic field and $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[251] viXra:2404.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2024-04-01 07:18:11
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 20 Pages.
We study the entries of the Concise Urdu to English Dictionary compiled by M. Zaman, Naved Akhtar, 2015.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.04$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Isingmodel with four nearest neighbours with $beta H=0.04$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature, H is external magnetic field and $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[250] viXra:2403.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2024-03-27 19:04:48
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 20 Pages.
We study the head words of the dictionary, the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary edited by R.S. McGregor, the $62^{nd}$ impression, 2023.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of head words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the dictionary can be characterised by BW(c=0.01),the magnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the presence of external magnetic field, H. $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0.01$ with $epsilon$ being the strength of coupling between two neighbouring spins in the Ising Model, $gamma$ representing the number of nearest neighbours of a spin, which is very large.
Category: Linguistics
[249] viXra:2403.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2024-03-01 20:49:42
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 27 Pages.
We study the Chinese head entries of the Langenscheidt's Pocket Chinese Dictionary written in Pinyin, a Romanized pronunciation system.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of head entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised(unnormalised). We find that the head entries underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in the presence of little external magnetic field.
Category: Linguistics
[248] viXra:2402.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-09 07:36:42
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 23 Pages.
We study the words of the Langenscheidt's Pocket Russian Dictionary, 2012 Reprint.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the dictionary can be characterised by the magnetisation curve, BP(4,$beta H=0.01$), in the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model, in the presence of four nearest neighbours and little external magnetic field, $beta H= 0.01$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[247] viXra:2402.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-09 23:17:20
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 22 Pages.
We study the words of Scholar Dictionary Portuguese. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of headwords, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the dictionary can be characterised by the magnetisation curve, BP(4,$beta H=0$), in the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising model, in the presence of four nearest neighbours and in the absence of external magnetic field, $beta H=0$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[246] viXra:2402.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-08 21:07:36
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 22 Pages.
We study the words of the dictionary, the Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary by Vaman Shivram Apte, the second reprint edition.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the dictionary can be characterised by BW(c=0.01), the agnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the presence of external magnetic field, H. $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0.01$ with $epsilon$ being the strength of coupling between two neighbouring spins in the Ising Model, $gamma$ representing the number of nearest neighbours of a spin, which very large.
Category: Linguistics
[245] viXra:2310.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-29 10:14:42
Authors: B. Moran
Comments: 7 Pages. 12 Figures, LaTeX
We present an analysis of the letters game from the TV show Countdown using Monte Carlo methods.This game requires finding the longest possible words in a set of randomly chosen letters. We show that the probability of finding a word of length k from N given letters follows a Fermi-Dirac Distribution with k as the variable and N acting as control parameter. Increasing N we get to a fixed point where a phase transition occurs before reaching the IR fixed point as N goes to infinity. Lastly, we find the expected total number of words per game, and the number of letters one must be given in order to have a significant probability to find all words in the dictionary.
Category: Linguistics
[244] viXra:2309.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-21 00:01:13
Authors: Thu Nguyen
Comments: 6 Pages.
This academic paper explores the potential of ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art language model, in the context of Vietnamese poetry creation. While ChatGPT has demonstrated impressive capabilities in various natural language processing tasks, including text generation, its ability to create complex Vietnamese poetic forms such as "Thất Ngôn Bát Cú Đường Luật," "Thất Ngôn Tứ Tuyệt Đường Luật," and "Lục Bát" remains unexplored. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities of using ChatGPT for Vietnamese poem generation and discusses its limitations and potential enhancements in this specific artistic domain.
Category: Linguistics
[243] viXra:2304.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-11 05:43:41
Authors: Juan Elias Millas Vera
Comments: 4 Pages.
In this paper I am going to introduce some of my own ideas in the philology of the alphabets and their possible adaptation to an Asian character form.
Category: Linguistics
[242] viXra:2304.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-06 10:12:43
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 22 Pages.
We study the entries of the dictionary, the Samsad Bengali-English Dictionary compiled by Sailendra Biswas, the first edition.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the dictionary can be characterised by BW(c=0.01),the magnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the presence of external magnetic field, H. $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0.01$ with $epsilon$ being the strength of coupling between two neighbouring spins in the Ising Model, $gamma$ representing the number of nearest neighbours of a spin, which is very large.
Category: Linguistics
[241] viXra:2302.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-13 15:43:30
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 22 Pages.
We study the Bangiya Sabdakosh: A Bengali-Bengali lexicon compiled by the Late Haricharan Bandyopadhyay.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the dictionary can be characterised by BW(c=0.01),the magnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the presence of external magnetic field, H. $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0.01$ with $epsilon$ being the strength of coupling between two neighbouring spins in the Ising Model, $gamma$ representing the number of nearest neighbours of a spin, which is very large.
Category: Linguistics
[240] viXra:2302.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-07 12:40:02
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 21 Pages.
We study the entries of the dictionary, the Samsad Bangla Abhidan compiled by Sailendra Biswas, the fifth edition.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the dictionary can be characterised by BW(c=0.01),the magnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the presence of external magnetic field, H. $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0.01$ with $epsilon$ being the strength of coupling between two neighbouring spins in the Ising Model, $gamma$ representing the number of nearest neighbours of a spin, which very large.
Category: Linguistics
[239] viXra:2212.0185 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-25 16:26:41
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 29 Pages.
We study the head words of the Dictionary Kannada and English written by W. Reeve, revised, corrected and enlarged by Daniel Sanderson.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of head words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BW(c=0.01),the magnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the presence of external magnetic field, H. $c=frac{ H}{gamma epsilon}=0.01$ with $epsilon$ being the strength of coupling between two neighbouring spins in the Ising Model, $gamma$ representing the number of nearest neighbours of a spin which very large.Moreover, we put forth a parallelism with a Bengali dictionary.
Category: Linguistics
[238] viXra:2212.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-14 14:52:24
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages.
We study the head entries of A Burmese-English Dictionary, Part I-Part V, by J. A. Stewart and C. W. Dunn et al.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of head entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by the magnetisation curve of the Ising Model in the Bragg-Williams approximation in the absence of external magnetic field.
Category: Linguistics
[237] viXra:2212.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2022-12-01 17:41:01
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 24 Pages.
We study the Complete Bulgarian-English Dictionary by Constantine Stephanove. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of head words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H$=0.02) i.e. a magnetisation curve in the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Isingmodel with four nearest neighbours with $beta H$=0.02. H is external magnetic field, $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant. Moreover, the Bulgarian language appears to be dual to the Greek language to large extent.
Category: Linguistics
[236] viXra:2211.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-17 12:47:24
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages.
We study the Learner's Mongol-English Dictionary. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4, $beta H=0$), i.e.the Bethe-Peierls curve in the presence of four nearest neighbours and no external magnetic field, H, with $beta H= 0$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[235] viXra:2211.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2022-11-14 07:04:03
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 19 Pages.
We study a Greek dictionary, A Greek and English Lexicon by H.G.Liddell et al simplified by Didier Fontaine. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4, $beta H=0.02$), i.e.the Bethe-Peierls curve in the presence of four nearest neighbours and little external magnetic field, H, with $beta H= 0.02$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and $k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[234] viXra:2207.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2022-07-27 10:43:35
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 25 Pages.
We study a Dictionary of the Mikir Language by G. D. Walker.We draw the natural logarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.02$) i.e. a magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Isingmodel with four nearest neighbours with $beta H=0.02$. $beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature, H is external magnetic field and $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[233] viXra:2203.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2022-03-01 01:37:36
Authors: Michelle Tan, Li Shuyang
Comments: 8 Pages. Pls email me if there is any problem.
This article explains about whether American English is the most influential type of english today by using statistics of population and the form of english people use in social media.
Category: Linguistics
[232] viXra:2202.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2022-02-21 20:32:40
Authors: Sunil Sondhi
Comments: 19 Pages. [Corrections are made by viXra Admin to comply with the rules of viXra.org]
The scientific view of language in Indian tradition as established in the Vedas,Upanishads, and the works of scholars and sages like Panini, Patanjali, Bharatmuni, Bhartrihari, and Abhinavagupta, connects the structure and rules of language, objective reality, and the absolute reality. In this view, the search for general rules underlying the diversity of language is considered as an exploration of the very
nature of human mind and its relation with reality. It reveals the interconnections
between language, thought and reality. Panini’s grammar, Bharatmuni’s view of dramatic performance as an integrated entity, and Bhartrihari’s view of sentence as a meaningful unit reveal the relationship of the part and the whole, and is seen by them as a reflection of the relationship between Brahma the absolute reality and the
objective manifestations in the world. The essential message of Indian classical texts
with regard to language and communication is that there are different levels of language between the two extremes termed as Pasyanti and Vaikhari, which correspond to different levels of consciousness of the Absolute Reality.
Comprehension of the Absolute Reality lies outside human perceptions of space and time and is therefore is not expressible in ordinary language. The experience of that reality can only be indicated by words that try to go beyond words. Insightful thought and speech require constant connection of higher and lower levels, and the constant interplay of the verbal and cognitive levels.
Category: Linguistics
[231] viXra:2202.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2022-02-05 19:44:59
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 21 Pages.
We study A Dictionary of the Kachin Language by Rev. O. Hanson, 1954 printing. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of the Kachin words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised( unnormalised). We find that the Kachin words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in the presence of little external magnetic field.
Moreover, the naturalness number of the Kachin language as seen through this dictionary is nine by sixteen.
Category: Linguistics
[230] viXra:2201.0205 [pdf] submitted on 2022-01-30 14:15:52
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 15 Pages.
We study the Concise Gojri-English Dictionary by Dr. Rafeeq Anjum.
We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the
rank of the letter, normalised.
We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H=0$) i.e. a
magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising
model with four nearest neighbours with $\beta H=0$, in the absence of external magnetic field, H.
$\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and
$k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant. Moreover, the naturalness number of the Gojri language as seen through this
dictionary is one.
Category: Linguistics
[229] viXra:2110.0179 [pdf] submitted on 2021-10-30 02:36:09
Authors: Alexandr Dubinyansky
Comments: 712 Pages. dubinyansky@mail.ru
In 1917, not consciously, not intentionally, it was not a proletarian revolution that took place, but an outwardly very similar ethnic coup. And under the slogans of "internationalism" national minorities came to power: Finno-Ugric, Caucasian peoples, Mongoloids and others. Under the leadership of the Finno-Ugric Lenin and the Georgian Stalin. The Slavs lost their power and their territory. Russia lost more than 100 million people in the 20th century due to wars, mostly Slavs.
Category: Linguistics
[228] viXra:2110.0174 [pdf] submitted on 2021-10-29 21:01:56
Authors: Alexander Ivanovich Somsikov
Comments: 13 Pages.
The etymology of several words of the Russian language is considered
Category: Linguistics
[227] viXra:2110.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2021-10-28 20:51:20
Authors: Alexandr Dubinyansky
Comments: 744 Pages. dubinyansky@mail.ru
A brief history of the settlement of mankind. Education of nations and peoples. The formation of a hybrid Great Russian people.
Category: Linguistics
[226] viXra:2110.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2021-10-26 20:56:16
Authors: Hua Liu
Comments: 3 Pages.
Stuttering is a variety of problems in language communication, where the core problems are repetitions of sounds and silent blocks, and the rest of the problems are caused by the core problems. A new set of smooth expression speech system is established on the basis of 20 cases of stuttering addressed by Xian Wai Earbuds Company, which uses the auditory delayed feedback to achieve the simple pronunciation mode without being affected in speech pronunciation, and reconstruct coordination between brain and pronunciation organs.
Category: Linguistics
[225] viXra:2110.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2021-10-26 15:29:13
Authors: Michael Griffin
Comments: 3 Pages. contact email mdg46@juno.com
The use of some third person pronouns corresponds with the mathematical rule for set unions. This leads to speculations about semantics and the place of mathematics among linguistic universals. Singular ‘they’ is the focus here, with a long history before its adoption by genderfluid people in modern society.
Category: Linguistics
[224] viXra:2110.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2021-10-20 02:27:14
Authors: Alexander Ivanovich Somsikov
Comments: 11 Pages. -
The probable etymology of two Russian words meaning truth is considered
Category: Linguistics
[223] viXra:2110.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2021-10-19 21:05:58
Authors: Alexander Ivanovich Somsikov
Comments: 6 Pages.
The probable etymology of the Russian word MONTH is considered
Category: Linguistics
[222] viXra:2110.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2021-10-18 21:25:40
Authors: Alexander Ivanovich Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages.
The probable etymology of several Russian words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[221] viXra:2109.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2021-09-23 21:40:35
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas, Bawansuk Lyngkhoi
Comments: 24 Pages.
We study the NTC's Hebrew and English Dictionary, 2000 edition (The Most Practical and Easy-to-Use Dictionary of
Modern Hebrew and English), by Arie Comey and Naomi Tsur.
We draw the natural logarithm of
the number of the Hebrew words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the
rank of the letter, normalised. We find that the NTC's Hebrew words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in the
presence of little external magnetic field.
We obtain one third as the naturalness number of the Hebrew as seen through this dictionary.
Category: Linguistics
[220] viXra:2109.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2021-09-17 10:54:10
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 26 Pages.
We study Langenscheidt Taschenw$\ddot{o}$rterbuch Deutsch-Englisch / Englisch-Deutsch, V$\ddot{o}$llige
Neubearbeitung, dictionary, 2014 edition. We draw the natural logarithm of
the number of the German language words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the
rank of the letter, normalised. We find that the words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in the
presence of little external magnetic field.
We notice that there is no qualitative change compared to the Langenscheidt's German-English English-German Dictionary, 1970 edition.
Category: Linguistics
[219] viXra:2109.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2021-09-10 01:29:16
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 21 Pages.
We study Larousse Dictionnaire De Poche, Fran\c{c}ais Anglais / Anglais Fran\c{c}ais.
We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of French words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the
rank of the letter, normalised.
We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H$=0) i.e. a
magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising
model with four nearest neighbours in absence of external magnetic field. H is external magnetic field,
$\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and
$k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant. We infer that the French, the Italian and the Spanish come in the same
language group.
Moreover, we put two dictionaries of philosophy and science on the same platform with that of the French.
We surmise that philosophy owes more to the French speakers than science does.
Category: Linguistics
[218] viXra:2108.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2021-08-19 04:05:42
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 21 Pages.
We study the Swahili-English Dictionary by Charles W. Rechenbach.
We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of the words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the
rank of the letter, normalised.
We find that the dictionary is classified by
BP(4,$\beta H$=0.04). $\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and
$k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant. BP(4,$\beta H$=0.04) is the
magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising
model with four nearest neighbours in the presence of little external magnetic field, H, such that
$\beta H$ is equal to 0.04. Moreover, the words of the dictionary go over to the Onsager solution on successive
normalisations.
Category: Linguistics
[217] viXra:2108.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2021-08-09 03:42:04
Authors: Anindya kumar Biswas
Comments: 9 Pages.
We find that the Essential Dutch dictionary by G. Quist and D. Strik is classified by
BP(4,$\beta H$=0.10). $\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and
$k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant. BP(4,$\beta H$=0.10) is the
magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising
model with four nearest neighbours in presence of little external magnetic field, H, such that
$\beta H$ is equal to 0.10.
Category: Linguistics
[216] viXra:2107.0179 [pdf] submitted on 2021-07-30 23:18:06
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 29 Pages.
We study Langenscheidt's German-English English-German Dictionary. We draw the natural logarithm of
the number of the German language entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the
rank of the letter, normalised. We find that the words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in the
presence of little external magnetic field.
Moreover, we compare the German language with two Romance languages, the Basque and the Romanian, respectively,
with respect to Spin-Glass magnetisation.
Category: Linguistics
[215] viXra:2107.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2021-07-17 01:27:36
Authors: Sunil Sondhi
Comments: 21 Pages.
Language is always cultural, it is shaped by and in turn shapes the cultural context from which it emerges. In Sanskrit, and in Indian languages derived from Sanskrit, like Hindi and Bengali, the term Saktihas been a cultural concept since the Vedic age. “There is no word of wider content in any language than this Sanskrit term meaning ‘Power’” (Woodroffe, p.17).In the Indian notions about Sabda Sakti, meaning the ‘Power of the Word’, language is seen from the earliest times as creative power both at cosmic and human levels. Modern science sees energy as the ultimate form of reality. In India language has been worshipped and used as a manifestation of the energy of the goddess Saraswati since the Rg Veda.
This article traces the evolution of the concept of Sabda Sakti from the time it first occurs in the Rg Veda. This cultural conceptualization of language continues later in the Atharva Vedaand Yajur Vedain the form of religious and cultural practices. The development of the concept continues in other Indian classical texts like theBrahmanas, the Aranyakas, and the Upanishads, where Sabda Saktiis related to the origin of the universe, and the umbilical relationship of the cosmic energy and human speech is recognised. These ancient notions of Sabda Saktiwere restated and further developed in Kashmir Shaivism in the 10th and 11th centuries. While the Vedas and Upanishads emphasized the contemplative aspect of Sabda Sakti, the Shaiva texts focused more on language as moralized power which is active and can be used for action. The study of Indian concept of Sabda Sakti as a cultural schema can be helpful in a better understanding of cultural roots of language and communication in India, and can contribute to further research in the field of cultural linguistics.
Keywords: Veda, Upanishad, Cultural Linguistics, Indian Culture, Intercultural Communication.
Category: Linguistics
[214] viXra:2106.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2021-06-25 21:49:12
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 8 Pages.
The origin of the Russian word BRAC, used to denote MARRIAGE and poor quality, are considered. That is, OMONYMS are identical words denoting different objects. It is shown that this is a consequence of a misunderstanding of the origin of this word. In reality, not forming homonyms.
Category: Linguistics
[213] viXra:2106.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2021-06-15 17:48:34
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 5 Pages.
The probable origin of two Russian words specified in the title is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[212] viXra:2106.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2021-06-12 18:35:39
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 11 Pages. -
The probable etymology of the Russian bush of words is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[211] viXra:2106.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2021-06-03 17:03:46
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 6 Pages.
Considered the probable origin of the words specified in the title.
Category: Linguistics
[210] viXra:2105.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-29 18:44:28
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 11 Pages.
The probable etymology of the Russian bush of words taken as borrowed is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[209] viXra:2105.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-27 18:41:22
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 10 Pages.
The probable origin of the bush of related Russian words is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[208] viXra:2105.0145 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-24 21:09:52
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 6 Pages.
The probable origin of Russian words specified in the title is considered
Category: Linguistics
[207] viXra:2105.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-23 19:07:29
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 6 Pages.
The probable etymology of the words specified in the title is considered
Category: Linguistics
[206] viXra:2105.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-21 21:53:07
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 3 Pages. -
Considered the probable origin of Russian words specified in the title
Category: Linguistics
[205] viXra:2105.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-06 20:28:55
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 5 Pages.
The probable etymology of WIND, VIBRATION, FIBER, GILL and ZEBRA words is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[204] viXra:2104.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2021-04-26 20:49:25
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 7 Pages.
The supposed etymology of the Russian word BOR and its derivatives is considered
Category: Linguistics
[203] viXra:2104.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2021-04-21 19:23:29
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 40 Pages.
The probable origin of Russian tree names is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[202] viXra:2104.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2021-04-10 20:24:14
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 9 Pages.
The probable etymology of the words specified in the title is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[201] viXra:2104.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2021-04-08 22:04:27
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 31 Pages.
The origin of Russian words MAKIAZH and MARATHET is considered. Attached is the translation of the article from Russian into English
Category: Linguistics
[200] viXra:2104.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2021-04-04 19:55:52
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 8 Pages.
The probable etymology of Russian words given in the title is considered
Category: Linguistics
[199] viXra:2103.0176 [pdf] submitted on 2021-03-28 16:03:44
Authors: Mauro Padellini
Comments: 5 Pages.
The problem is addressed of how to make up for the limited range of the instrument in ukulele
transcription.
Category: Linguistics
[198] viXra:2103.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2021-03-21 21:46:14
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 15 Pages.
The probable origin of Russian words specified in the title is considered
Category: Linguistics
[197] viXra:2103.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2021-03-07 20:18:42
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 12 Pages.
Probable origin of Russian verbal designations of two main celestial objects is considered
Category: Linguistics
[196] viXra:2103.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2021-03-05 20:24:31
Authors: Александр Иванович Сомсиков
Comments: 5 Pages.
The probable origin of the Russian word CANCER is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[195] viXra:2102.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2021-02-24 19:37:49
Authors: Juan Elias Millas Vera
Comments: Pages.
The etymology of the word Geology is the union of “ge” (from the term Gea the goddess of earth) and “logia” (the study of something). Following this rule, we can form a few words in reference to the study of different celestial bodies.
Category: Linguistics
[194] viXra:2102.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2021-02-23 20:09:08
Authors: Sunil Sondhi
Comments: 21 Pages. Published in Kalakalpa, IGNCA Journal of Arts. New Delhi, India
Study of language and communication has been an important concern in India’s intellectual and cultural tradition. All streams of Indian philosophical thinking included in their considerations the basic problem of language and communication.
While the seeds of the study of language in India may be traced in the Rig Veda, and the study of the structure of language as authoritatively established in the Ashtadhyayi, a full-fledged statement and discussion of a science and spirit of language was given in Bhartrihari’s Vakyapadiya. It was Bhartrihari who first systematically equated Brahma (Absolute Reality) with Sabda (language), going on to argue that all language arises as a manifestation of the Sabda Brahma.
From the early investigations in the Veda, Pratisakhyas and Siksha, through the grammar of language in Ashtadhyayi and Mahabhasya, to the highest levels of consciousness of Sabda Brahma in Vakyapadia, and Paravac in Tantraloka, India’s linguistic tradition bears clear imprint of the recognition that while grammar is important for good language, righteous language is good for coordination and integration in human communication. The connective potential of insightful language needs to be used to address the manifold problems of communication in interpersonal and intercultural relations. Enormous creativity is enfolded in the concept of Sabda Brahma. A deeper and wider understanding of the concept can help to establish a framework for further research and applied work in this direction.
Category: Linguistics
[193] viXra:2102.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2021-02-07 18:45:32
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 11 Pages.
Probable etymology of the Russian bush of words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[192] viXra:2102.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2021-02-05 21:14:00
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 6 Pages. -
The probable etymology of these "Latin" words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[191] viXra:2101.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-10 11:53:37
Authors: A.I. Somsikov
Comments: 10 Pages.
The probable etymology of the Russian bush of words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[190] viXra:2012.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2020-12-23 11:20:49
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 3 Pages.
The probable etymology of the Russian words specified in heading is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[189] viXra:2012.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2020-12-16 08:48:24
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 6 Pages.
The Russian bush of the words listed in heading is considered
Category: Linguistics
[188] viXra:2012.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2020-12-11 08:41:13
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 9 Pages.
The origin of some words of Russian is considered
Category: Linguistics
[187] viXra:2011.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2020-11-24 08:42:39
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 5 Pages. -
The probable origin of the Russian words specified in heading is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[186] viXra:2011.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2020-11-14 10:21:33
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 6 Pages.
The probable origin of the Russian words BREAD and SUP is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[185] viXra:2011.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2020-11-11 10:31:30
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 5 Pages.
The probable etymology of the words specified in heading is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[184] viXra:2011.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2020-11-10 10:11:24
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 15 Pages.
The probable origin of the Russian bush of words is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[183] viXra:2011.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2020-11-10 09:33:51
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 24 Pages.
We study the Turkmen-English Dictionary by Jonathan Garrett, Greg Lastowka, Kimberly Naahielua and Meena Pallipamu.
We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the
rank of the letter, normalised.
We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H$=0.04) i.e. a
magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising
model with four nearest neighbours with $\beta H$=0.04. H is external magnetic field,
$\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and
$k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[182] viXra:2011.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2020-11-02 09:49:23
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 18 Pages.
We study Khasi English Dictionary by U Nissor Singh. We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the
rank of the letter, normalised.
We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H$=0) i.e. a
magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising
model with four nearest neighbours with $\beta H$=0 i.e. H=0.
$\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature, H is external magnetic field and
$k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[181] viXra:2010.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-18 12:13:49
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 9 Pages. -
Examples of linguistics of the words CLIENT, PROTEGE, PATRONAGE, ASSOCIATION
Category: Linguistics
[180] viXra:2010.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-08 05:30:35
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 6 Pages. -
The probable etymology of the Russian word BACK is considered
Category: Linguistics
[179] viXra:2009.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2020-09-13 13:16:04
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 19 Pages.
We study Mursi-English-Amharic Dictionary.
We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the
rank of the letter, normalised.
We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H=0.02$) i.e. a
magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising
model with four nearest neighbours with $\beta H=0.02$.
$\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature, H is external magnetic field and
$k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[178] viXra:2009.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2020-09-03 09:08:49
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 25 Pages.
We study the Visayan-English Dictionary(Kapul\'{u}$\bar{n}$gan Binisay\'{a}-Ining\'{l}s).
We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the
rank of the letter, normalised.
We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$\beta H=0.02$) i.e. a
magnetisation curve for the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising
model with four nearest neighbours with $\beta H=0.02$.
$\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature, H is external magnetic field and
$k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[177] viXra:2008.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-16 10:25:08
Authors: Somsikov A. I.
Comments: 5 Pages. -
The probable etymology of the Russian words is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[176] viXra:2008.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-07 06:11:31
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 37 Pages.
We study the Little Oxford English Dictionary. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of
entries and headwords normalised, respectively, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of
the rank of the letter, normalised as well as unnormalised. We observe that the plots of the entries
and the headwords are almost the same. We find that the entries and the headwords underlie a
magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in presence of little external magnetic field.
Category: Linguistics
[175] viXra:2007.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-12 00:57:40
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 3 Pages. -
The probable etymology of the words NUANCE and OPTION of Russian is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[174] viXra:2007.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-07 02:31:16
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 3 Pages. -
200 million Soviet citizens studied before at school. And always everything was clear to all. But among school students there was one which did not understand. It was I. Time to explain it came.
Category: Linguistics
[173] viXra:2006.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-20 20:30:04
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 4 Pages.
The main problem of etymology – disclosure of bushes of the interconnected words is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[172] viXra:2006.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-17 08:36:15
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 2 Pages. -
Examples of the structural analysis of the compound words made by the initial simple words used in a conjoint or separate look.
Category: Linguistics
[171] viXra:2006.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-16 05:41:11
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 1 Page. -
The Russian words of identical value in two options of pronunciation and writing are considered
Category: Linguistics
[170] viXra:2006.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-15 17:10:26
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 6 Pages. -
FOREST and STEPPE, POLE and PLUS. Origin of words.
Category: Linguistics
[169] viXra:2006.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-10 08:29:26
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 9 Pages.
The probable origin of the Russian words which are considered borrowed is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[168] viXra:2006.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-09 09:20:41
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 2 Pages. -
The probable etymology of the connected bush of the Russian words is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[167] viXra:2005.0175 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-17 09:43:37
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 3 Pages. -
The etymology of two Russian words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[166] viXra:2005.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-12 01:51:07
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 2 Pages. -
The etymology of the Russian bush of words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[165] viXra:2005.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-09 01:56:36
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 4 Pages. -
The etymology of the Russian bush of words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[164] viXra:2003.0678 [pdf] submitted on 2020-03-31 01:12:41
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 4 Pages. -
Presumably initial words LA and AL of Russian are considered
Category: Linguistics
[163] viXra:2003.0563 [pdf] submitted on 2020-03-26 10:52:20
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 21 Pages.
We continue to study Chalantika, a bengali to bengali dictionary.
We romanise the bengali alphabet via wikipedia scheme. We reduce the romanised alphabet to English alphabet i.e. the
alphabet which appears in an English dictionary. In the
reduced alphabet scheme, we draw the natural logarithm of the
number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised( unnormalised).
We observe that behind the
words of the dictionary of the bengali language, in the
reduced alphabet scheme,
the magnetisation curve is BP(4,$\beta H=0.08$), in the
Bethe-Peierls approximation of Ising model with four nearest neighbours, in presence
of liitle external magnetic fields, $\beta H=0.08$.
Moreover, words of the bengali language
in the
reduced alphabet scheme,
nearly go over to Onsager solution, on few successive normalisations.
$\beta$ is $\frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature, H is external magnetic field and
$k_{B}$ is tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: Linguistics
[162] viXra:2003.0370 [pdf] submitted on 2020-03-18 09:09:59
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 3 Pages. -
Probable etymology of these two words
Category: Linguistics
[161] viXra:2003.0166 [pdf] submitted on 2020-03-08 00:01:56
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 7 Pages. -
The origin and value of the Russian word ZGA is considered
Category: Linguistics
[160] viXra:2002.0567 [pdf] submitted on 2020-02-28 01:47:39
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 9 Pages. -
The origin of the Russian words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[159] viXra:2002.0346 [pdf] submitted on 2020-02-18 04:29:42
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -
The probable etymology is offered
Category: Linguistics
[158] viXra:2002.0322 [pdf] submitted on 2020-02-17 07:23:21
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 7 Pages. -
Etymology of the Russian Bush of words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[157] viXra:2002.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2020-02-10 05:24:26
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -
The probable etymology of the Russian words WATER and LAND is considered
Category: Linguistics
[156] viXra:2001.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 03:38:26
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 8 Pages. -
The probable etymology of the word denoting the physical concept of TIME is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[155] viXra:1910.0321 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 13:36:20
Authors: Stephen I. Ternyik
Comments: 14 Pages.
Educational Synopsis
Category: Linguistics
[154] viXra:1909.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2019-09-03 08:56:44
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 30 Pages.
We study a Romanian to English dictionary. We draw in the natural logarithm scale,
number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs natural logarithm of the rank of the letter.
We find that the words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in
presence of an external magnetic field. Then we draw in the natural logarithm scale,
number of nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs respectively,
starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising model with non-random coupling.
Category: Linguistics
[153] viXra:1909.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2019-09-03 01:06:36
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 9 Pages. -
The probable etymology of two Russian words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[152] viXra:1908.0593 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-30 04:48:07
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -
The origin of the Russian words WAR and PEACE is considered
Category: Linguistics
[151] viXra:1908.0530 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-27 03:36:53
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 1 Page. -
The contradiction formed by of the Russian of words of AZ and behind is considered
Category: Linguistics
[150] viXra:1908.0433 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-20 06:52:54
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -
The probable etymology of these antonyms is considered
Category: Linguistics
[149] viXra:1908.0414 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-19 10:52:03
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 19 Pages.
We study a Basque to English dictionary. We draw in the natural logarithm scale,
number of words starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising model.
Category: Linguistics
[148] viXra:1908.0385 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-18 23:38:52
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 6 Pages. -
An example of origin of antonyms is reviewed
Category: Linguistics
[147] viXra:1908.0323 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-16 04:08:01
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -
The estimated etymology is considered
Category: Linguistics
[146] viXra:1908.0228 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-12 03:13:37
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 12 Pages.
We study a bengali to bengali dictionary. We draw in the log scale,
number of words starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising model.
Category: Linguistics
[145] viXra:1908.0227 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-12 03:54:08
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -
The probable etymology of the word TIME is considered
Category: Linguistics
[144] viXra:1908.0174 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-09 05:38:24
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -
Emergence and estimated explanation of homonyms is considered
Category: Linguistics
[143] viXra:1908.0090 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-05 21:38:43
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 12 Pages. pre-published version
We study English dictionaries of five subjects. We draw in the log scale,
number of entries starting with an alphabet vs rank of the alphabet, both
normalised. We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising
model.
Category: Linguistics
[142] viXra:1908.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2019-08-03 08:29:16
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 9 Pages. -
FATHER, MOTHER and other. Etymology of Russian words
Category: Linguistics
[141] viXra:1907.0626 [pdf] submitted on 2019-07-31 08:57:56
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -
The estimated etymology of the Russian words twenty-four hours, NIGHT, DAY is considered
Category: Linguistics
[140] viXra:1907.0477 [pdf] submitted on 2019-07-24 07:48:03
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -
Comparison of the available and offered word WEIGHT etymology is executed.
Category: Linguistics
[139] viXra:1907.0394 [pdf] submitted on 2019-07-20 09:13:16
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -
The etymology of the Russian word REKA is considered
Category: Linguistics
[138] viXra:1907.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2019-07-12 11:55:23
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 8 Pages. -
Russian etymology of the connected bush of words.
Category: Linguistics
[137] viXra:1907.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2019-07-02 02:07:40
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 8 Pages. -
The etymology of some Russian words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[136] viXra:1906.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2019-06-03 06:12:09
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -
The possible Russian origin of the word Simeon is offered
Category: Linguistics
[135] viXra:1905.0517 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-28 05:04:04
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -
The etymology of the considered word Kiev is offered.
Category: Linguistics
[134] viXra:1905.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2019-05-05 01:28:24
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -
Russian symbolical designations
Category: Linguistics
[133] viXra:1904.0391 [pdf] submitted on 2019-04-21 04:01:46
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -
The inexplicable fires in California and in France as terrible harbingers of the Apocalypse necessarily direct at reflections about an origin and value of the word FIRE.
Category: Linguistics
[132] viXra:1903.0453 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-25 14:20:17
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -
Initial simple words can be formed in pairs in the form of the localdenial called by a contradiction, that is the return pronunciation.
Category: Linguistics
[131] viXra:1903.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 09:43:07
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -
Old calendar designation of datings where "summer" means year, and "creation of the world" – a reference mark. In the assumption of existence of the state, in which only and perhaps continuous chronology.
Category: Linguistics
[130] viXra:1901.0412 [pdf] submitted on 2019-01-28 03:18:28
Authors: Zhixian Lin
Comments: 193 Pages.
This file proposed a concise Chinese characters alphabetical solution. This
solution contains all common Chinese characters. It has about 3,800 characters, and
they are much easier to learn than traditional simplified Chinese characters. It has
both the advantages of Chinese and English. It also uses square shape characters, but
a character contains both pronunciation and meaning. Every character contains only 2
or 3 letters. The stroke count of new characters is much less than traditional
simplified Chinese characters, and it will be much easier to write characters. In order
to distinguish homophones, most characters have a meaning code. Some meaning
codes are used for specified sort of characters.
In order to build new square shape characters, this file proposed a new letter
form: tinycase. A character can be composed of one uppercase letter and one
lowercase letter, or one uppercase letter and two tinycase letters.
Category: Linguistics
[129] viXra:1901.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2019-01-26 20:44:05
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 7 Pages. -
The etymology of the Russian bush of words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[128] viXra:1901.0350 [pdf] submitted on 2019-01-23 07:35:47
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -
Value of old expression with the lost understanding
Category: Linguistics
[127] viXra:1901.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2019-01-14 11:22:18
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -
The interrelation of couple of simple initial words is disclose
Category: Linguistics
[126] viXra:1901.0175 [pdf] submitted on 2019-01-12 05:47:25
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -
Probable etymology from Russian positions
Category: Linguistics
[125] viXra:1901.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2019-01-08 06:20:51
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 5 Pages. -
The origin and reference value of the Russian word
ONE is considered
Category: Linguistics
[124] viXra:1901.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2019-01-03 14:55:33
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -
Probable etymology of the words specified in heading
Category: Linguistics
[123] viXra:1812.0485 [pdf] submitted on 2018-12-30 14:39:07
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 4 Pages. -
Origin of words BREAD and RUSSIA
Category: Linguistics
[122] viXra:1812.0441 [pdf] submitted on 2018-12-27 12:22:38
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -
The etymology of the closely related words having a joint origin is considered
Category: Linguistics
[121] viXra:1812.0403 [pdf] submitted on 2018-12-23 22:59:50
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 6 Pages. -
The etymology of the connected bush of words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[120] viXra:1812.0292 [pdf] submitted on 2018-12-18 03:54:16
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 8 Pages. -
The etymology of the connected bush of words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[119] viXra:1812.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2018-12-12 02:29:14
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 8 Pages.
The estimated etymology of the connected bush of words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[118] viXra:1812.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2018-12-05 06:13:46
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 7 Pages. -
It is shown that these two words have an identical origin
Category: Linguistics
[117] viXra:1811.0372 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-24 00:43:15
Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 12 Pages. -
Complexion of the person has some characteristic designations
Category: Linguistics
[116] viXra:1810.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2018-10-20 01:01:18
Authors: Alexander I.Dubinyansky, Ulija A. Krupenina
Comments: 12 Pages. dubinyansky@mail.ru
Исследованы слова русского языка с корнем Т*Р=ТАР, ТОР, ТУР, ТЮР, ТЫР. Сформулированы законы древнего словообразования.
Category: Linguistics
[115] viXra:1810.0273 [pdf] submitted on 2018-10-17 14:22:40
Authors: Simiyu M.
Comments: 62 Pages.
ABSTRACT
Students in rural primary schools have had the privilege of learning English in the recent years. However, the credibility and efficiency of instructors who teach the subject has been questioned since the teaching employs the “grant and accept” mode. This method of teaching limits the capacity of students to actively interact amongst themselves and with the teacher hence inefficiency. This paper exploits this loop and categorically analyses the situational teaching practice, which is a more efficient method of teaching that has been approved by the new curriculum, as a potential seal. This paper therefore focuses on pedagogy in English teaching with a special focus on primary students in rural areas. The aim of the study is to analyze how situational teaching can impact on student on student learning with the intent of recommending it as a better approach.
The article provides conceptual and theoretical frameworks as a background to depict the problem in rural schools and to analyze the research variables. The researcher uses situated cognition and learning theory, constructivism teaching theory, multiple intelligence theory. This ensures research reliability while validity is ensured through the researcher’s use of questionnaire, tests and interview as research tools. Students and teachers in both schools that use situational teaching approach were used as the research sample in representation of rural schools which is the research population. Information obtained from the tools is used to describe the current situation of learning English in rural schools.
Research findings include both the pros and cons of situational teaching and this paper analyzes and summarizes the problems that face the application of situational teaching method in rural primary school English teaching, and analyzes the reasons for the existence of the problem. The paper provides recommendations to alleviate existing problems by providing corresponding improvement measures that will make situational teaching more applicable, reliable and efficient as a method of teaching English in rural primary schools. The researcher projects that with application of the recommendations there will be better quality of rural primary school English teaching which will prop up the professional development of primary school English teachers in rural areas.
Keywords: situational teaching; situated cognition theory; rural primary schools;
Category: Linguistics
[84] viXra:2105.0032 [pdf] replaced on 2021-11-01 08:28:33
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 10 Pages. -
The probable etymology of Russian words WIND, VIBRATION, FIBER, GILL and ZEBRA words is considered.
Attached is the translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[83] viXra:2104.0157 [pdf] replaced on 2021-10-29 20:52:41
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 14 Pages.
The presumed etymology of the Russian word Boron and its derivatives is reviewed.
Attached is the translation of the article from Russian into English
Category: Linguistics
[82] viXra:2104.0128 [pdf] replaced on 2021-10-24 06:34:38
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 79 Pages. -
The probable origin of Russian tree names has been considered. Attached is a translation from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[81] viXra:2104.0057 [pdf] replaced on 2021-10-31 07:11:27
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 18 Pages. -
The probable etymology of the words in the title is considered. Attached is the translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[80] viXra:2103.0139 [pdf] replaced on 2021-07-14 06:33:04
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 29 Pages. -
The probable origins of the Russian words in the title are considered. Attached is a translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[79] viXra:2103.0043 [pdf] replaced on 2021-06-28 12:28:44
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 23 Pages. -
The probable origin of the Russian verbal designations of the two main celestial objects is considered. Attached is a translation from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[78] viXra:2103.0033 [pdf] replaced on 2021-07-15 20:34:33
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 10 Pages.
Probable origin of Russian word CRAYFISH is considered. Attached is a translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[77] viXra:2102.0046 [pdf] replaced on 2021-04-30 19:45:40
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 21 Pages.
The probable etymology of the Russian bush of words is considered.
Attached is a translation from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[76] viXra:2102.0032 [pdf] replaced on 2021-04-29 18:54:31
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 12 Pages.
The probable etymology of several Russian words has been considered. Attached is a translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[75] viXra:2101.0059 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-18 16:34:07
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 19 Pages.
The probable etymology of the cluster of Russian words is considered.
Attached is a translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[74] viXra:2012.0162 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-17 22:27:15
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 6 Pages.
The probable etymology of Russian words, mentioned in the title, is considered. Attached is a translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[73] viXra:2012.0122 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-11 20:21:03
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 12 Pages.
The Russian cluster of words listed in the title is considered. The translation of article into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[72] viXra:2012.0082 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-08 20:22:48
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 18 Pages.
The origin of some Russian words is considered. The translation of article into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[71] viXra:2011.0168 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-09 18:59:56
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 14 Pages.
The probable origins of the words mentioned in the title are considered. The translation of article into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[70] viXra:2011.0168 [pdf] replaced on 2020-12-03 10:47:43
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 8 Pages.
The probable origin of the Russian words specified in heading is considered.
Category: Linguistics
[69] viXra:2011.0102 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-10 20:20:10
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 25 Pages.
The probable etymology of two Russian words is considered. Attached is the translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[68] viXra:2011.0102 [pdf] replaced on 2020-12-03 10:47:07
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 12 Pages.
The probable etymology of the Russian words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[67] viXra:2011.0077 [pdf] replaced on 2021-01-12 12:29:25
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 10 Pages.
The probable etymology of several words of Russian is considered. The translation of article into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[66] viXra:2011.0071 [pdf] replaced on 2021-01-12 12:26:57
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 29 Pages.
The probable etymology of the Russian bush of words is considered. The translation of article into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[65] viXra:2010.0138 [pdf] replaced on 2021-01-13 14:22:14
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 18 Pages.
Examples of linguistics of the Russian words CLIENT, PROTEGE, PATRONAGE, ASSOCIATION.
The translation of article into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[64] viXra:2010.0045 [pdf] replaced on 2021-01-13 14:22:56
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 14 Pages.
The probable etymology of the Russian word BACK is considered. The translation of article into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[63] viXra:2008.0117 [pdf] replaced on 2020-11-18 11:18:55
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 14 Pages.
The probable etymology of the Russian words specified in heading is considered.
The translation of article from Russian into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[62] viXra:2008.0041 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-13 00:21:16
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 37 Pages. typos
We study the Little Oxford English Dictionary. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of
entries and headwords normalised, respectively, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of
the rank of the letter, normalised as well as unnormalised. We observe that the plots of the entries and the headwords are almost the same. We find that the entries and the headwords underlie a
magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in presence of little external magnetic field.
Category: Linguistics
[61] viXra:2008.0041 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-07 22:53:03
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 37 Pages. supplementary materials added
We study the Little Oxford English Dictionary. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of
entries and headwords normalised, respectively, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of
the rank of the letter, normalised as well as unnormalised. We observe that the plots of the entries and the headwords are almost the same. We find that the entries and the headwords underlie a
magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in presence of little external magnetic field.
Category: Linguistics
[60] viXra:2007.0046 [pdf] replaced on 2020-11-16 18:08:36
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 28 Pages.
200 million Soviet citizens have previously attended school. And everyone has always understood everything. Except for one person who did not understand. It was me. It's time to explain it. The translation of article from Russian into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[59] viXra:2006.0191 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-11 11:00:00
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 12 Pages. -
The main problem of etymology, opening up bushes of interconnected words, was considered.
Category: Linguistics
[58] viXra:2006.0133 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-15 11:04:29
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 18 Pages. -
The origin and meaning of the words in the title are considered. The translation of article from Russian into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[57] viXra:2006.0085 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-12 20:09:58
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 26 Pages. -
The probable origin of Russian words considered to be borrowed was examined.
Category: Linguistics
[56] viXra:2004.0710 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-02 03:02:24
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 3 Pages. -
The assumption of possible origin and value of two Russian words is made.
Category: Linguistics
[55] viXra:2003.0370 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-13 08:35:41
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 14 Pages.
Probable etymology of these two words. The translation of article from Russian into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[54] viXra:2003.0166 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-09 11:44:13
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 8 Pages. -
The origin and value of the Russian word ZGA is considered
Category: Linguistics
[53] viXra:2002.0567 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-20 09:16:37
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 20 Pages. -
The probable etymology of the Russian words is considered. The translation of article from Russian into English is enclosed.
Category: Linguistics
[52] viXra:1909.0071 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-09 12:04:19
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 32 Pages. Absence of Onsager core discussed
We study a Romanian to English dictionary. We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter.
We find that the words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in
presence of an external magnetic field. Then we draw in the natural logarithm scale,
number of nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs respectively,
starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising model with non-random coupling.
Category: Linguistics
[51] viXra:1909.0071 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-18 10:55:52
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 32 Pages. reference added
We study a Romanian to English dictionary. We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter.
We find that the words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in
presence of an external magnetic field. Then we draw in the natural logarithm scale,
number of nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs respectively,
starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising model with non-random coupling.
Category: Linguistics
[50] viXra:1909.0071 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-22 02:58:50
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 31 Pages. reference section changed
We study a Romanian to English dictionary. We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter.
We find that the words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in
presence of an external magnetic field. Then we draw in the natural logarithm scale,
number of nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs respectively,
starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising model with non-random coupling.
Category: Linguistics
[49] viXra:1909.0071 [pdf] replaced on 2019-09-04 09:55:24
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 31 Pages. expanded
We study a Romanian to English dictionary. We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter.
We find that the words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in
presence of an external magnetic field. Then we draw in the natural logarithm scale,
number of nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs respectively,
starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising model with non-random coupling.
Category: Linguistics
[48] viXra:1908.0593 [pdf] replaced on 2021-06-29 10:00:11
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 15 Pages. -
The probable origin of the Russian words WAR and PEACE is considered. Attached is a translation from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[47] viXra:1908.0530 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-03 09:59:15
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 4 Pages. -
The reversal formed by a pair of words АЗ and ЗА is considered
Category: Linguistics
[46] viXra:1908.0433 [pdf] replaced on 2021-05-07 20:23:10
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 30 Pages.
The probable etymology of the words СВЕТ (light) and ТЬМА (darkness) has been considered. Attached is a translation from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[45] viXra:1908.0414 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-09 11:18:37
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 31 Pages. supplementary materials added
We study the Basque to English etymological dictionary of late R. L. Trask.
We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised as well as
unnormalised.
We find that the words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in
presence of little external magnetic field.
Category: Linguistics
[44] viXra:1908.0414 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-31 09:49:24
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 31 Pages. typos
We study the Basque to English etymological dictionary of late R. L. Trask.
We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised as well as
unnormalised.
We find that the words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in
presence of little external magnetic field.
Category: Linguistics
[43] viXra:1908.0414 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-12 02:56:54
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 31 Pages. significant changes
We study the Basque to English etymological dictionary of late R. L. Trask.
We draw the natural logarithm of the
number of words, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised as well as
unnormalised.
We find that the words underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in
presence of little external magnetic field.
Category: Linguistics
[42] viXra:1908.0414 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-22 03:01:32
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 19 Pages. reference section changed
We study a Basque to English dictionary. We draw in the natural logarithm scale,
number of words starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising model.
Category: Linguistics
[41] viXra:1908.0323 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-21 13:11:01
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 12 Pages. -
The estimated etymology of the words GOOD and EVIL is considered
Category: Linguistics
[40] viXra:1908.0228 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-22 03:04:10
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 12 Pages. reference section changed
We study a bengali to bengali dictionary. We draw in the log scale,
number of words starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising model.
Category: Linguistics
[39] viXra:1908.0228 [pdf] replaced on 2019-08-16 07:18:04
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 12 Pages. explanation added
We study a bengali to bengali dictionary. We draw in the log scale,
number of words starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising model.
Category: Linguistics
[38] viXra:1908.0090 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-15 06:32:01
Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 12 Pages. Reanalysis of Science and Construction etc. have been done in viXra:1912.0243(Condensed Matter)
We study English dictionaries of five subjects. We draw in the log scale,
number of entries starting with an alphabet vs rank of the alphabet, both
normalised. We find that the graphs are closer to the curves of reduced
magnetisation vs reduced temperature for various approximations of Ising
model.
Category: Linguistics
[37] viXra:1907.0209 [pdf] replaced on 2021-04-06 02:56:13
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 24 Pages. -
The etymology of the bound bush of Russian words is considered
Category: Linguistics
[36] viXra:1905.0517 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-02 08:32:31
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 12 Pages. -
The word KIEV etymology is considered
Category: Linguistics
[35] viXra:1901.0400 [pdf] replaced on 2021-04-28 04:24:20
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 19 Pages. -
The etymology of Russian word cluster HONOUR, PART, HAPPINESS, OFTEN, CHALICE, CUP, CHARMS and COUPLES is considered.
Attached is a translation of the article from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[34] viXra:1812.0101 [pdf] replaced on 2021-05-08 03:03:03
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 22 Pages. -
The supposed etymology of the words identified in the title is reviewed.
Attached is a translation from Russian into English.
Category: Linguistics
[33] viXra:1811.0372 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-12 13:43:28
Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 24 Pages. -
The probable etymology of colours is considered.
Category: Linguistics
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