General Science and Philosophy

Engineering Polarization: How Contradictory Stimulation Systematically Undermines Political Moderation

Authors: Renato Vieira Dos Santos
Comments: 10 Pages. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2025.117554 (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Political moderation, a key attractor in democratic systems, proves highly fragile under realistic information conditions. We develop a stochastic model of opinion dynamics to analyze how noise and differential susceptibility reshape the political spectrum. Extending Marvel et al.'s deterministic framework, we incorporate stochastic media influence $zeta(t)$ and neuropolitically-grounded sensitivity differences ($sigma_y > sigma_x$). Analysis reveals the moderate population---stable in deterministic models---undergoes catastrophic collapse under stochastic forcing. This occurs through an effective deradicalization asymmetry ($u_{B}^{text{eff}} = u + sigma_y^2/2 > u_{A}^{text{eff}}$) that drives conservatives to extinction, eliminating cross-cutting interactions that sustain moderates. The system exhibits a phase transition from multi-stable coexistence to liberal dominance, demonstrating how information flow architecture---independent of content---systematically dismantles the political center. Our findings reveal moderation as an emergent property highly vulnerable to stochastic perturbations in complex social systems.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Centrosome Transplantation

Authors: Jaba Tkemaladze
Comments: 18 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

The centrosome, a key microtubule-organizing center, has long been implicated in fundamental cellular processes such as division, polarity, and ciliogenesis. Observations linking centrosomal aberrations to specific cellular states, including senescence and aging, raise a pivotal question: is the centrosome merely a structural casualty of these states, or does it actively encode and transmit information dictating cellular phenotype? This article explores the conceptual framework, methodology, and profound implications of centrosome transplantation, an experimental paradigm designed to answer this question by directly testing causality. We review the historical context of organelle transplantation, detail a comprehensive technical protocol encompassing centrosome isolation, microinjection, and phenotypic analysis, and discuss the significant challenges and alternative approaches. A meta-analysis of pioneering and preliminary data highlights the potential of this method to demonstrate the transfer of age-related traits. We argue that a successful transplantation experiment would constitute a revolution in cell biology, providing definitive proof of non-genetic, organelle-based inheritance of cellular age. This would position the centriole as a strategic custodian of cellular time and open transformative therapeutic avenues focused on rejuvenating the centrosomal machinery in stem cells, thereby offering a novel paradigm for intervening in the aging process.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Algorithmic Resilience Under Resource Constraints: The Novosibirsk School and the Method of Fractional Steps (1955—1975)

Authors: Abdelmajid Benahmed
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

This article examines the development of operator splitting methods in Soviet numericalanalysis during 1955—1975, with particular focus on N.N. Yanenko’s formalization of theMethod of Fractional Steps at the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Whilesimilar techniques were independently developed in the West (Peaceman-Rachford 1955,Douglas-Rachford 1956), the Soviet school pursued a distinct trajectory shaped by acutehardware constraints and deep epistemological commitments to operator theory. Throughanalysis of technical publications, archival materials, and comparative historiography, thisstudy argues that material scarcity catalyzed a systematic research program emphasizingcomputational economy, while a pre-existing mathematical culture valorizing theoreticalelegance reinforced this trajectory. The case illuminates how geopolitical constraints andintellectual traditions jointly shaped algorithmic innovation, contributing to methods that ironically became foundational for modern massively parallel computing. Significant archival gaps limit definitive claims about industrial applications, highlighting the need for further primary source research.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Rapid Planetary Disassembly Hypothesis: Extreme Energy Requirements and Solar System Architecture

Authors: Aaron Riley Hurst
Comments: 67 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

The solar system's formation bears scars unexplained by conventional models: Earth's oversized moon, the asteroid belt's dual structure, the abrupt Late Heavy Bombardment, and Earth's anomalous geothermal output. Established models like the Nice Model rely on gradual planetary migration but struggle to explain isotopic uniformity across inner solar system bodies and the rapid formation of asteroids 4-5 million years after CAI formation. Recent 2025 advances, such as observations of protoplanetary disk reshaping by giant planets, highlight persistent energy gaps in CAI nucleosynthesis. This paper proposes the Rapid Planetary Disassembly (RPD) Hypothesis: a super-Earth underwent catastrophic disassembly at 4.55 Ga via high-energy impacts, reshaping the solar system. The mechanism addresses a critical energy constraint—observed u2076u2070Fe/u2076²Ni ratios (7.3) and u2079u2076Zr excesses preserved in calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions require formation temperatures of 0.86-1.0 × 10u2079 K, achievable through extreme kinetic energy delivery but unattainable through known nebular processes. Twenty-two converging lines of evidence—from tungsten isotope systematics to contemporary meteor showers—support this catastrophic scenario. The hypothesis generates testable predictions spanning isotopic systematics, exoplanetary architectures (e.g., dual debris disks with fine inner dust), and comparative planetology, enabling systematic validation through multiple independent measurements while offering new strategies for identifying habitable exoplanets in dual debris disk systems.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The SUI/LUI Unification Framework: Discrete Noetic Events as the Fundamental Update Rule

Authors: Michael Zot
Comments: 18 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please cite listed scientific reference and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

This paper introduces the SUI/LUI framework: a discrete, thresholded update law for any system that learns, adapts, or reorganizes. A Smallest Unit of Intelligence (SUI) is defined as a minimal, irreversible update event triggered when an accumulated tension functional of prediction error crosses a critical threshold. Largest Units of Intelligence (LUIs) are the attractor structures carved by long histories of SUIs. From three axioms we derive concrete, falsifiable predictions: learning curves must be piecewise rather than smooth, chaotic physical systems should emit activity in discrete bursts, and high-entropy neural states (such as psychedelics) should show metastable attractor hopping instead of continuous drift. We then run preregistered stress-tests across four independent domains: human and artificial learning curves, asteroid Bennu’s particle ejections, psychedelic dynamic functional connectivity, and cosmic-web topology. In three domains, discrete change-point and state-switching models decisively outperform smooth nulls; in cosmology, current data provide a boundary where no excess discreteness is detected. The result is an empirically grounded unification: the same drift—tension—threshold—jump pattern explains learning, surface chaos, and neural reconfiguration, with explicit fail conditions rather than universal claims.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Rebirth of Philosophy

Authors: Ding Jian
Comments: 14 Pages.

There is continuity between truth and the relevant objective things in reality, and its intrinsic mechanism is inertia. Inertia is an inherent characteristic of objective things, and truth resides there. Inertia generates continuity, which is a necessary condition for reasoning. It can go from the quantitative change of real space all the way deep into the qualitative change of ideal realm, and expand the philosophical view of materialism to the category of metaphysics. In the fundamental part of Eastern and Western philosophy, this absence has been more than two thousand years. From this, it can be seen that the law of the unity of opposites should have been the Trialism, in fact we use it every day, just not deliberately reflected upon. Once a consensus is reached, it means the unification of Eastern and Western philosophies. Based on this, the norms for identifying truth are given, and the true nature of metaphysics is restored through norms and definitions. In addition, the definition of philosophy is discussed and given. The Trialism on things' limits is founded, which resolves the dilemma that truth has no place in Dualism, and thereby uses this theory to perfect materialism as well as the unity of opposites of all knowledge.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

XOR as a Minimal Model of Topological Learning

Authors: Se Kyun Kwon, Hye Neung Kwon
Comments: 5 Pages.

The XOR problem has long been cited as proof that neural networks require nonlinear activation functions to learn nonlinearly separable decision boundaries. We argue that this interpretation is reversed. XOR is not evidence that nonlinearity is required; it is evidence that learning is fundamentally topological. We demonstrate that XOR can be solved by a purely piecewise-linear model, provided that the input space is partitioned into local patches and those patches are reconnected by a learned transition rule.No nonlinear activation is applied to the value branches. The softmax gate acts solely as a transition rule defining the topological partition of the input domain. In this view, learning is the act of cutting and gluing regions of input space—a process that induces a nontrivial holonomy similar to a monopole-like singularity. Because topological quantities are invariant under continuous deformation, all solutions of XOR—whether through ReLU, sigmoid, tanh, high-dimensional lifting, or discrete gating—are merely different coordinate representations of the same topological object.Continuity, differentiability, and analytic activation functions are not the essence of learning; the topology of how input regions are divided and re-attached is.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Dark Sides of Modern Science: Credit Attribution, Citation and Impact

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 47 Pages.

This is the sixth article in our series "The Dark Sides of Modern Science" and is about the credit attribution, citation and impact in the scientific circles and literature (where science means knowledge in general). The remarks that we stated in the Introduction of the first article of this series (i.e. "Knowledge Production and Authoring") generally apply to this article and hence we do not need to repeat.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Problem of Time in Science and Religion

Authors: Yu. E. Zevatskiy
Comments: 5 Pages.

Are there tools for exploring time in a similar way to how it is in space?
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Dark Sides of Modern Science: The Curse

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 67 Pages.

This is the fifth article in our series "The Dark Sides of Modern Science" and is about the curse of science (and knowledge in general). The remarks that we stated in the Introduction of the first article of this series (i.e. "Knowledge Production and Authoring") generally apply to this article and hence we do not need to repeat.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Rebirth of Philosophy (In Chinese)

Authors: Ding Jian
Comments: 9 Pages.

There is continuity between truth and the relevant objective things in reality, and its intrinsic mechanism is inertia. Inertia is an inherent characteristic of objective things, and truth resides there. Inertia generates continuity, which is a necessary condition for reasoning. It can go from the quantitative change of real space all the way deep into the qualitative change of ideal realm, and expand the philosophical view of materialism to the category of metaphysics. In the fundamental part of Eastern and Western philosophy, this absence has been more than two thousand years. From this, it can be seen that the law of the unity of opposites should have been a trialism, in fact we use it every day, just not deliberately reflected on. Once a consensus is reached, it means the unification of Eastern and Western philosophies. Based on this, the norms for identifying truth are given, and the true nature of metaphysics is restored through norms and definitions. In addition, the definition of philosophy is discussed and given. Founded the trialism on thing's limits, resolved the dilemma that truth has no place in dualism, and based on this theory perfected materialism as well as the unity of opposites of all knowledge.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Concept of Death Awareness as an Existential Regulator in the Age of Biological Immortality

Authors: Jaba Tkemaladze
Comments: 16 Pages.

The rapid advancement of biogerontology, particularly through interventions like senolytic therapies and stem cell rejuvenation, is transforming the prospect of radical life extension and even biological immortality from science fiction into a plausible future scenario. This impending paradigm shift necessitates a profound re-examination of existential psychology, which has traditionally posited awareness of mortality as the fundamental source of life's meaning, motivation, and authenticity. This article argues that the psychological phenomenon of death awareness would not simply vanish with the elimination of biological finitude. Instead, it would undergo a critical functional transformation. It proposes the concept of an "existential alarm clock," a reconstituted internal mechanism that shifts from serving as a chronological limit to acting as a qualitative regulator of existence. In a state of immortality, this alarm would awaken the individual from the unique perils of an endless lifespan: existential apathy, identity stagnation, and the "bad infinity" of undifferentiated time. The article analyzes the mechanisms of this alarm—triggering identity crises, combating profound boredom, and stimulating self-transcendence—and explores its vast social, cultural, and ethical implications. It concludes that, paradoxically, a continued dialogue with the concept of death remains a crucial condition for a meaningful and authentic life, even in the context of biological immortality.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Quantum Meanings in Philosophy

Authors: Osvaldo Duilio Rossi
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

The quantum nature of reality implies a formulation of conscious perception which implies the many-world theory: every instance (E) of the Totality (S) of particles (s) preserves quantum effects, distributing them among Objects (e) within specific Environments (E), where Objects exist only (as random collapses of wave functions) from the perspective of a Consciousness-Object (c) observing them, while remaining incoherent to other Consciousnesses in different Environments. The Totality allows multiple Punctuations (P) of particles, each P i defining distinct local Objects, reflecting how Consciousness perceives reality through coherent patterns.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Dowsing Demystified - The Rod Movement Mechanism

Authors: Neil D. Duffy
Comments: 4 Pages.

The cause of the movement of L rods used by a dowser is investigated. It is observed that the adrenal glands act as an antenna for radiation that causes the dowsing effect and that current from this antenna flowing through the shoulders and arm muscles causes muscle movement that affects the rods. The use of polyethylene screening material and conductive pads to replace the effect of the adrenal glands allows current flowing from the pads to the shoulders to be investigated by observation of the effect of resistors and capacitors in the circuit. Observations suggest that the current is not electromagnetic.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Nature Intelligence - the Key to Humanity's Future

Authors: Yew Kee Wong
Comments: 70 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Humanity faces unprecedented global challenges—climate change, biodiversity loss, resource scarcity, and social inequity—threatening planetary stability and human well-being. This paper argues that Nature Intelligence (NI), defined as the capacity to understand, emulate, and integrate nature’s time-tested patterns and processes into human systems, is the foundational key to securing a sustainable and thriving future. By examining NI’s core principles, its application to critical challenges, case studies of successful implementation, and strategies for broader adoption, this research demonstrates that NI offers a transformative framework for innovation, resilience, and regeneration. The findings indicate that transitioning to NI-guided systems is not merely advantageous but essential for humanity’s long-term survival and flourishing.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Dark Sides of Modern Science: Ethics, Morality, Values and Professionalism

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 70 Pages.

This is the fourth article in our series "The Dark Sides of Modern Science" and is about ethics, morality, values and professionalism in science (and knowledge in general). The remarks that we stated in the Introduction of the first article of this series (i.e. "Knowledge Production and Authoring") generally apply to this article and hence we do not need to repeat.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Dark Sides of Modern Science: Publishing and Dissemination (Part II)

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 84 Pages.

This is the third article in our series "The Dark Sides of Modern Science" and is about publishing and dissemination of science (and knowledge in general). The remarks that we stated in the Introduction of the first article of this series (i.e. "Knowledge Production and Authoring") generally apply to this article and hence we do not need to repeat.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Trialism on Things' Limits

Authors: Ding Jian
Comments: 9 Pages.

Truth means absolute fairness and unanimous consensus, which lies herein as the key that truly drives social progress today. Although truth must have absoluteness and immutability, and does not exist in reality, and belongs to the category of metaphysics, it has continuity with relevant objective things in reality, and its intrinsic mechanism is inertia. Based on this, I initially created the "Trialism on Things' Limits", which resolved the dilemma that truth had no place to reside in dualism and could only be passed over ambiguously, and expanded the philosophical view of materialism to the category of metaphysics. The obedience of the minority to the majority constitutes the main body of the dualistic social system, and its flaw lies in imposing the consensus of part of the people on others. And the social system defined by the trialism is based on dualism to add unanimous consensus as a third aspect, and a unity of opposites is formed by virtue of the absoluteness of truth together with the democracy and centralism in reality. Under the social system of the trialism, war can hardly begin as ambiguity disappears. The higher the proportion of consensus, the higher the productive forces. As a result, we can more reasonably and efficiently do that "concentrate on accomplishing major tasks" in a long-term peaceful environment to escort the pursuit of a better life for humanity.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

After the West: The Emergence of a Polycentric World Order

Authors: Yew Kee Wong
Comments: 119 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

For five centuries, the international system has been defined by the political, economic, and cultural hegemony of the West. This epoch, born from the Age of Discovery and cemented by the Industrial Revolution, established a global order centered largely in Europe and later, the United States. It was a world mapped by colonial empires, governed by Western-derived institutions like the nation-state and international law, and driven by an economic model that radiated outward from Atlantic financial centers. This order, while frequently contested and reshaped by war and revolution, maintained a fundamental characteristic: the West as the gravitational core of global affairs, the setter of rules, and the arbiter of what constituted modernity and progress.Today, that centuries-old architecture is unraveling. The unipolar moment that followed the Cold War has proven to be a brief, anomalous interlude, giving way to a far more complex and fragmented reality. The phenomenon we are witnessing is not a simple transfer of power from one hegemon to another, but the emergence of a truly polycentric world order—a system with multiple, often competing, centers of economic influence, political authority, and military power. This shift is driven by the rapid economic ascent of nations, most notably China and India, which are reclaiming a share of global wealth not seen since the early nineteenth century. Simultaneously, the diffusion of technology, the rise of regional powers from Brazil to Indonesia, and a growing assertiveness from states operating outside the Western liberal consensus are creating a landscape where no single power can dictate terms.This new polycentricity promises a world that is both more representative and more volatile. On one hand, it signifies a decolonization of global governance and a long-overdue recognition of the agency and voices of the non-Western world. On the other, it threatens to erode the common rules and shared frameworks that, for all their flaws, provided a measure of predictability and managed conflict for decades. The old institutions are straining under the weight of new realities, and the international community is struggling to forge new consensus on issues from security to trade to climate change. We are entering an age of negotiated disorder, where ad-hoc alliances, economic interdependence as a strategic weapon, and clashing value systems will define a new and uncertain chapter in human history.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

About Possible Mechanisms of the Social Management

Authors: Igor Tkachenko, Victoria Miroshnichenko, Konstyantin Tkachenko, Sergii Miroshnichenko, Yiurii Miroshnichenko, Olesia Tkachenko, Svitlana Tkachenko
Comments: 9 Pages.

Based on the early developed approach for a NSP an analytical description, together with the social management redefinition, a possibility of the generalized approach application to the managing process is analyzed. The approach was reformulated in general form to be applied to a quantum size particles. Auto correlation function values were calculated for each of the two approach predicted regimes for the 3-rd order NSP development. The mechanisms of the revealed regimes were analyzed and associated with the "military" (ordered) and "civilian" (diffusive, disordered) transformations. One possible variant for a delay time nonmonotonic dependence of the auto-correlation function was shown to exist for the 1-st regime of the NSP development. The three possible variants were observed for the 2-nd regime. Two of the variants were analogous each other in conserving similar, relatively high ordering levels for the most time periods of their developments but having decreasing and increasing dependence parts on the finishing stage of the development. The third variant has monotonously decreasing time dependence of the auto-correlation function. The above conclusions from the obtained results were shown to be confirmed by the relevant data from the modern and historical management practice.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Once Again About Nature and Its Material Principles (Ещё раз о природе и её материальных началах)

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 14 Pages. In Russian

In this article, the author makes another attempt to present and explain to the esteemed readers his vision and understanding of the structure and evolution of nature and the Universe. All this is in the author's book "Theory of Nature" and in his article "Nature as an objective reality". The author entirely and completely stands on the position of the only true and scientific philosophy of dialectical materialism. The author entirely and completely adheres to the only true and scientific dialectical-materialistic worldview

В настоящей статье автор делает ещё одну попытку представить и разъяснить уважаемым читателям своё видение и понимание устройства и эволюции природы и Вселенной. Всё это есть в книге автора «Теория Природы» и в его статье «Что такое Природа» («Природа, как объективная реальность»). Автор целиком и полностью стоит на позиции единственно истинной и научной философии диалектического материализма. Автор целиком и полностью придерживается единственно истинного и научного диалектико-материалистического мировоззрения
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Once Again about Nature and its Material Principles

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 13 Pages.

In this article, the author makes another attempt to present and explain to the esteemed readers his vision and understanding of the structure and evolution of nature and the Universe. All this is in the author's book "Theory of Nature" and in his article "Nature as an objective reality". The author entirely and completely stands on the position of the only true and scientific philosophy of dialectical materialism. The author entirely and completely adheres to the only true and scientific dialectical-materialistic worldview
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Toward a Unified Multidisciplinary Model of Reality

Authors: Donald G. Palmer
Comments: 14 Pages.

Over the last several centuries, science has discovered objects in the world along a continuum of scale. In one direction, we have discovered planets and stars, as well as galaxies and galaxy clusters. In the other direction, we have found cells and proteins, atoms and neutrinos. To locate and model this world, we use the 3 traditional directions of length, width, and height. However, inherent in all our measurements is the scale of what we are measuring — a continuum we do not directly see with our eyes. The author presents the hypothesis that we need to include thiscontinuum in a complete model of nature and our world. Why we have not already included thiscontinuum can be traced to our lack of mathematical tools to handle the exponential structure of the measure of scale. The author presents the mathematical conjecture that the appropriate tools require a numeric representational system with more power than our traditional decimal or positional-based numerals. Such a system could provide a single single value for complex numbers and make possible measurements currently invisible to science today.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Negentropy Indicative of Consciousness: a Law of Nature; Link Between Consciousness, Randomness and Sparse Distributed Networks

Authors: Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton
Comments: 8 Pages.

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi stated that the source of all thought is the source of all possible ideas. From a Computer Science and Mathematicalperspective the only equivalent candidate for such is a true Pseudo-Random Number Generator, the caveat being that it should have an infinite-length seed and no degenerate repeating. He also stated that knowledge (newideas) can only be "discovered" simultaneously, citing Legendre's theorem: "A group subdivides a group", from which it is deduced that beings andthe Universe itself meet Definitions of Consciousness by both embodying knowledge, and thus correlate directly with groups. This paper also explores the difference between time-distributed randomness as a source of creativity and thought vs domain-distributed, with implications for simplified efficient Particle Swarm Optimisation. Randomness is justas important a part of a Definition of Consciousness as McKenzie's Memory, Perception, Imagination and Looping, sufficient to postulatethat it is a Law of Nature that Negentropy indicates Consciousness is present. Further: an insight is highlighted that Analogy inherentlyemerges from the properties of Sparse Distributed Memory, and therefore so should self-directed learning when SDM is utilised in any Consciousness entity. In other words[,] Tononi et al were right.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Evolution Sucks [?]

Authors: Volker W. Thürey
Comments: 5 Pages.

The article deals with evolution and the environment. I assume the unproven claimthat all life is generated through evolution. In the chapter titled "Evolution Sucks" I demonstrate that it can have sometimes negative consequences. Although there is no alternative academic explanation, I illustrate some of the ‘disadvantages’ of Darwin’s theory. In the final chapter "The Glut Society" I reference some older books on climate change and the environment in general.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Untrusted Empire

Authors: Yew Kee Wong
Comments: 75 Pages.

The United States has long been a global superpower, shaping world politics, economics, and culture. Yet, its history is riddled with blunders—costly mistakes in foreign policy, domestic governance, and societal evolution. This book explores America’s most consequential missteps, analyzing how they happened, why they were allowed to occur, and what lessons can be learned. From disastrous wars to economic collapses, from social injustices to diplomatic failures, America’s Blunders offers a candid look at the nation’s flaws—not to condemn, but to understand and improve. This book outlines what appears to be a critical examination of American history through the lens of significant mistakes and failures. The book "America's Blunders" seems to take a balanced approach—acknowledging America's global influence while honestly addressing its historical shortcomings.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Subprime Mortgage Crisis (2008) vs. Crypto & USD$ Financial Crisis (2028)

Authors: Yew Kee Wong
Comments: 98 Pages.

The year 2008 remains seared into global economic memory. The collapse of the American subprime mortgage market wasn't merely a banking crisis; it was a systemic cardiac arrest. Originating in the opaque corners of over-leveraged housing debt and repackaged into complex derivatives, the crisis exposed the terrifying fragility of an interconnected global financial system built on misplaced trust, perverse incentives, and regulatory blindness. The fallout was catastrophic: iconic institutions vanished overnight, trillions in wealth evaporated, Main Street suffered profound job losses and foreclosures, and faith in the very pillars of finance crumbled. The rescue — massive government bailouts and unprecedented monetary easing — staved off total collapse but sowed the seeds of long-term inequality, political polarization, and a lingering distrust in established institutions.Fast forward two decades. The financial landscape has been profoundly reshaped by the very forces unleashed (and lessons arguably unlearned) after 2008. Enter the contenders for the next potential crisis nexus: the volatile, rapidly evolving world of cryptocurrencies and digital assets, and the increasingly strained foundations of US Dollar hegemony.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Is the West Interested in Trading or Threatening?

Authors: Yew Kee Wong
Comments: 74 Pages.

The question hangs heavy in the air, sharp as a freshly minted blade: Is the "West" interested in TRADING or THREATENING? It echoes in boardrooms and bazaars, in diplomatic cables and social media feeds, shaping perceptions and driving policy across an increasingly fractured planet. To pose it so starkly is to demand an answer that transcends simplistic narratives and convenient slogans.This book emerges not to offer a facile verdict, but to dissect the complex, often contradictory, reality. The West — a term we must constantly interrogate for its internal fractures and shifting boundaries — is neither a monolithic merchant solely driven by profit, nor a singular colossus brandishing threats for pure dominance. Its engagement with the world is a dynamic, often tense, interplay between these two impulses, woven into the very fabric of its history, institutions, and self-perception.For centuries, Western power projected itself globally through the twin engines of commerce and coercion. Trading posts preceded garrisons; merchant ships sailed alongside warships. The promise of open markets and shared prosperity became inextricably linked, for better and often for worse, with the reality of gunboat diplomacy, economic sanctions, and political pressure. The legacy of empires casts a long shadow, coloring how the West's present-day embrace of "free trade" and "rules-based order" is perceived.Today, the dichotomy feels more acute than ever. We witness unprecedented global supply chains and integrated financial markets — testaments to the West's deep investment in trading. Multinational corporations span continents, consumers crave global goods, and economic interdependence is touted as the ultimate peacekeeper. Yet, simultaneously, we see an escalating arsenal of threatening instruments: punitive tariffs wielded like economic broadswords, sweeping sanctions regimes isolating entire nations, technological embargoes designed to cripple rivals, and the constant hum of geopolitical maneuvering and military alliances aimed at containing perceived adversaries.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The True Risks and Rewards of Artificial General Intelligence

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 7 Pages.

A short essay noting the true risks and rewards of the development of artificial general intelligence (AGI). Positive outcomes from the creation of an advanced artificial general intelligence are noted including its development of an optimal encyclopedia and language that could lead to an era of peace and progress. The risks of negative and unknown outcomes are also described including the potential dangers from artificial intelligence editing the human genome, providing the answers to metaphysical questions, or learning to control fundamental aspects of reality.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Dark Sides of Modern Science: Publishing and Dissemination (Part I)

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 81 Pages.

This is the second article in our series "The Dark Sides of Modern Science" and is about publishing and dissemination of science (and knowledge in general). As the subject of "publishing and dissemination of science" is too big, we decided to divide it in more than one part. The remarks that we stated in the Introduction of the first article of this series (i.e. "Knowledge Production and Authoring") generally apply to this article and hence we do not need to repeat.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Reclaiming Knowledge from Monopolies: A Critique of Peer Review, Impact Factors, and the Need for Socialized Research Platforms

Authors: Muhammad Razzaq Aman Wattoo
Comments: 5 Pages.

Knowledge, as a shared human heritage, should not be trapped in bureaucratic monopolies, economic paywalls, or disciplinary silos. Yet the modern academic system has created artificial barriers: exorbitant publication fees, long delays in peer review, and the suppression of unconventional creativity. This paper argues that current practices of impact-factor—driven publishing reduce knowledge to a commodity rather than a universal good. By analyzing the flaws of peer review and suggesting alternatives such as community-driven platforms, rapid review models, and AI-assisted validation, this work calls for a more democratic, transparent, and holistic approach to the circulation of knowledge.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

About Physical Foundations of Some Contemporary Paradigms

Authors: Igor Tkachenko, Victoria Miroshnichenko, Konstantin Tkachenko, YuryMiroshnichenko, Olesya Tkachenko, Sergio Miroshnichenko, Svitlana Tkachenko
Comments: 12 Pages.

We apply the early developed analytic approach which was used to model the macroplastic deformation of polycrystalline solids, for analysis of evolution of our visible Universe. Such evolution was considered as grand non-stationary stochastic process providing transferring the energy of the Big Bang in space. As consequences of the first and second laws of thermodynamics necessities were shown, respectively, to endless existence of life phenomena in the Universe as a form of the energy transferring together with — conservation of individual life for each living creature to provide spatial homogeneity conservation for the transferring. Proceeding from the spherical symmetry of the Big Bang products distribution and the principally limited time period of the Big Bang development, spherical ring structure of the whole Universe was proposed. Based on the structure, two possible variants of the material objects motion within the whole Universe was considered: 1) - practically free of interactions with the other products, motion in radial directions; 2) — strongly affected by the interaction the curved trajectories motion. Calculated percentages for the contributions in the energy flux for the various types of elementary particles as the energy carriers are in accordance with the known contents of the baryonic, Dark matters and Dark energy in the visible Universe. Early predicted countless number of the approach constitutive equation solutions were associated with the corresponding number of the energy carriers and the mono-universes. A mechanism for participating the mono-universes in the expansion of the whole, poly-universe was proposed. The observed non-monotonic time dependence for the speed of our visible mono-universe expansion is in accordance with the approach predictions. Time dependencies of the square density of the energy carriers and the stress caused the Big Bang energy gradient were calculated and their reciprocal mutual dependence was shown at finishing stage of the visible Universe evolution, in accordance with the known Chaplygin gas models.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Dark Sides of Modern Science: Knowledge Production and Authoring

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 76 Pages.

Despite its flashy image and good reputation among the general public as well as among the majority of scholars and intellectuals, science - like any other field of human activity - suffers from serious shortcomings and defects related to moral, ethical, professional and legal aspects and perspectives, where the generally approved standards, rules and values are - deliberately or non-deliberately, with or without good intention - infringed and violated by the individuals and institutions who produce, curate and promote science (i.e. academics, researchers, universities, scholarly journals, funding bodies, and so on). In this series of "The Dark Sides of Modern Science" we try to shed light on some of these negative aspects and downsides of modern science where we provide curated lists of references, in the form of scholarly journal articles and online sources, related to the topics of this subject. This compilation aims to raise awareness of this important issue among the general public as well as among scholars and specialists. Additionally, the series serves as a valuable starting point for researchers and writers who wish to explore the topics of this subject further and in greater detail. In this paper (which is the first in this series) we investigate the dark sides of knowledge production and authoring. Our intention is to investigate in the following papers of this series other dark sides of modern science related, for instance, to publishing, credit attribution and morality.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Principium Geometricum III: The Ontogenesis of Reality

Authors: Pedro A. Kubitschek Homem de Carvalho
Comments: 86 Pages. In Portuguese (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific reference and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

In this work, we propose the Principium Geometricum, a reconstruction of physicsgrounded in the ontology of area. From the tension of the perfect vacuum and the emergenceof a primary field U, we derive all known forces—not as postulates,but as secondary effects of geometric variation. We introduce the unifyingconstant αU = keℓ2P and demonstrate that it recovers the classical regimes ofgravity, electrostatics, and even the structure of the Einstein tensor as an emergent averageof toroidal pulsations. Time emerges as an agent of entropy, matter as a geometric solitude, and space as a mesh of topological recurrences. Finally, we show that physical laws are algorithms for compressing reality, and that the geometric freedom of chaos is a condition for the emergence of order. The universe, in this framework, is not a given—it is a program that rewrites itself in real time.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

On the Inherent Limitations of Physical Laws in Explaining Origins: A Foundational Critique of Modern Science

Authors: N. Gurappa
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Modern physical theories excel at describing the evolution of physical systems through well-defined mathematical laws. However, these laws fundamentally presuppose initial conditions and a structure of observables that they do not themselves explain. In this paper, we argue that current science—while successful in predicting and manipulating nature—is inherently incapable of addressing the question of origins: the origin of the cosmos, life, or even fundamental quantities like mass, charge, and spin. Measurement in science is intrinsically comparative, not absolute, further highlighting a deep epistemological limitation. We critically analyze this structural limitation of scientific methodology and argue that without recognizing these boundaries, attempts to resolve origin-related mysteries remain philosophically and methodologically incomplete. We conclude by calling for a broader paradigm that includes metaphysical, phenomenological, or consciousness-based perspectives to complement scientific inquiry.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Hypothesis for a Law of Closed Tonal Gravity Systems, A System of Tonal Logic Derived From This Hypothesized Law, A Thesis Statement on Emergence, Application of Tonal Logic to Describe Mathematical Objects and Application of Tonal Logic to Describe Tonal

Authors: Cooper Krause
Comments: 63 Pages.

The topic of this paper is an original form of logic called Tonal Logic. I have finally decided that my work will not be perfect or finished, but I am ready to offer, not a totality, but a synthesis on Tonal Logic. In the beginning of the paper, we give two well-defined hypothesis’ for laws of Tonal Gravity. The premise for these hypothesis’ involves two base cases which have a certain combinatorial property, that is the diatonic scale embedded in the chromatic scale, and the pentatonic scale embedded in the chromatic scale. The antecedent in the hypothesis involves the felt sensation of Tonal Gravity or the identification of a single tone which acts as the tonic. These well-defined hypothesis’ provide a deduction which enables the formulation of Tonal Logic. We proceed to define axioms of Tonal Logic, define Tonal Conservation, make a thesis statement on the phenomenon of emergence, apply Tonal Logic to describe mathematical objects, and finally, we form a cosmology out of the Tonal Logic. Having given form to Tonal Cosmology, we allow some deductions. The goal of this paper is not to thoroughly deliver a singular result. It is not to detail the hypothesis and experiment, not to perfect the axioms of tonal logic, not to show strict consistency with mathematics, nor fully detail a cosmology consistent with physics. The goal is to provide a synthesis on Tonal Logic which touches on all of these things and which may be expanded upon. I am an independent researcher, and most importantly, a musician. I have no references. I do reference well known equations in mathematics or physics at various points, however, the line of reasoning that I take, the hypothesis’ I offer, the Tonal Logic on display, and the application of this logic to number and cosmology is entirely original.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Fixing the 12-Hour Clock: A Simpler and More Logical Time System

Authors: Abhishek Singh
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: An abstract in the article is required; Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

This paper proposes a logical redesign of the traditional 12-hour clock system by shifting each hour one step earlier. Instead of starting the day at 12:00 AM and repeating the confusing cycle from 12 to 11, the proposed model begins at 1:00 and ends at 12:00 in both AM and PM cycles. This change aligns better with natural human counting, eliminates the long-standing confusion around 12:00 AM and 12:00 PM, and simplifies the way time is understood and taught. The goal is not to force a global change, but to offer a more intuitive alternative that could benefit education, digital systems, and daily communication.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

New Concept of H Removes Paradoxes of Infinity

Authors: William Hesslefors Nairn
Comments: 9 Pages. Email: whnairn@gmail.com (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and listed scientific references; Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

An alternative framework to zero and infinity can be presented through the new concepts of 0^m and H^m. These bold definitions aim to mathematically represent infinitesimal and infinite values, preserving our intuition while reducing manyseemingly unnecessary contradictions encountered across several mathematical domains while dealing with infinity. I define 0^m as some hierarchy of infinitesimally small values, keeping the concept somewhat similar to finite numbers and using approximations (which have proved very useful in other areas of mathematics) as opposed to letting zero continue to represent absolute nothingness(and doing the same for H^m to replace the absurdity of infinity). Some applications include potential improvements to geometric series and supremum definitions, and clarifications to quadratic equation and inverse matrices - etc.Feedback on its implications and my communication are highly welcomed.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Individuation of Doctoring as the Basic Concept of Public Health and a Medical Science

Authors: Kutlumuratov Atabek Bekchanovich
Comments: 51 Pages.

The seventh treatise of the cycle u2015Ontological and epistemological bases of medicine and physiologyu2016 (finishing). It is marked that the medical science of the end 19 and the beginnings of 20th centuries began to depart from the concept of the individuation of the doctoring process, which was considered almost officially a basis of a clinical paradigm throughout 23 centuries. To the middle of 20th century it has been justified by rapid development of biology and by requirement to use of its achievements in medicine. Nowadays this situation is expressed as excessive differentiation of clinical medicine (which is the doctoring science). The individuation principle implicitly underlies any national systems of public health services, and it forms a philosophical basis of a medical science. This principle expresses specificity of physician’s thinking which depends a little from the paradigm declared by representatives of official medicine. This principle lays in basis of the differentiation of public health (as the system of physicians' activities), and in basis of differentiation of medical science (as the clinical disciplines' system). The public health decides problems of society's health for interests of the society by regulation of efforts of doctors' of the different profiles. And the public health promotes tendency of any doctor in order to professionally promote interests of health of each patient in each clinical case. Therefore and physician practice of any profile is effective if it supports the doctor's aspiration as much as possible to keep and strengthen health of each patient (if he/she is healthy), and to recover him/her health (if he/she is sick). The medical science is effective so far as it follows this principle within the limits of each of medical disciplines. Thus the doctor reaches best efficiency of doctoring only on the basis of a clinical paradigm, and this efficiency does not depend directly on a paradigm which is declared by official medicine.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Repositioning Mind and Matter in a Simulation Scenario

Authors: Genevieve Gorrell
Comments: 27 Pages.

The hypothesis that we are living in a simulation, whilst difficult to prove, offers some common sense inroads into practical lines of thinking. As long as mental phenomena are sidelined, mainstream understanding of reality is limited. In this paper, three models are presented that reposition mind and matter in a hypothetical structure of our simulation. Computer programming analogies are used to explore different aspects of our existential situation.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

On some Programs in Mathematics and Physics

Authors: Lucian M. Ionescu
Comments: 44 Pages. Presentation at Illinois State University Pure and Applied Mathematics Seminar 2024.

The development of Mathematics was marked by far-reaching new ideas, known as "Programs", and associated to top Mathematicians, e.g. Galois, Klein, Lie, Noether, Hilbert, Grothendieck, Langland and much more. They become "Principles" that changed the landscape of Mathematics and led to breakthroughs in Sciences, notably in Physics, but also in Chemistry and Biology. This presentation highlights the relation between such general principles, ensuing from the actual historical connections between their proponents, with excerpts from stories one needs to know, e.g. Einstein’s talk and Hilbert’s "homework" to his assistant Emmy Noether, or the productive collaboration and friendship between Felix Klein and Sophus Lie. New developments are mentioned: how Theory of Algebraic Periods, in the context of the recent quantization of system of units leads to explain the "unreasonable effectiveness of Mathematics": Natural Laws are Period laws.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Episodes of Scientific Revolutions

Authors: Lucian M. Ionescu
Comments: 18 Pages. Presentation at the 66th Midwest Junto for History of Science 2025.

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Khun is a valuable starting point to develop the theory of how Theories appear, evolve and fadeout, in a similar way political trends, or biological species evolve and transform. This presentation touches on this idea and acknowledges that at present there is a triple Scientific Super-Revolution going on: Quantum Computing, AI and Gravity Control Technology (much less known).Perhaps a branch of History focusing on Modeling Scientific Theories, or its analogs, and their dynamics is missing, aside the Historian routine of record keeping and commenting the usually distant past. History Dynamics could contribute to governing institutions improve their complex models to improve their efficiency by predicting and have a more "cybernetic" approach to control and prevent, especially based on the immense AI-capability for data processing and correlating.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Trickster and the Tao: Explaining the Perversity of Psi Phenomena via Multiscale Morphic Resonance

Authors: Ben Goertzel
Comments: 46 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

This document presents a speculative but formally structured and carefully argued model for understanding why psi phenomena often exhibit a "decline effect" or even reverse (psi-missing) over repeated trials. The core idea is that psi results from a multiscale Precedence Principle (loosely a form of "morphic resonance"), which operates both locally (in individual experiments and other situations) and globally (across the entire cosmos, and/or large regions thereof). When a local psi pattern initially gains support, its low algorithmic complexity allows it to flourish. As the pattern proliferates and variants increase, its combined complexity eventually mismatches the broader cosmic resonance, causing suppression or inversion of the effect.

We show how this narrative might find a physics underpinning, via aligning it with a previously-presented theory of the physical foundations of psi, the Occamistic Precedence framework in Causal Set Theory, where each new observation is a causal-graph node whose probability is weighted by its historical frequency and algorithmic complexity.

This suggests that the neural underpinnings of psi phenomena can be modeled within a causal-set framework, where each neural "event" corresponds to adding discrete informational elements whose descriptive complexity governs their likelihood. Local neural templates that match low-complexity global patterns enjoy high insertion probability—forming shallow informational wells—while accumulating divergent variants deepen the well, suppressing or inverting further psi-like activity; analogous mechanisms could be engineered in AI via causal-set-inspired memory structures and complexity-based priors.

We also demonstrate a formal correspondence between an agent’s psi capability—its ability to exploit low-complexity psi correlations—and its universal intelligence as defined by Legg-Hutter (Solomonoff/AIXI). Under a wide class of "psi environments," both psi performance and general intelligence hinge on the agent’s capacity for low-complexity hypothesis generation and compression. We further relate Weaver’s notion of open-ended intelligence to psi capacity, showing that agents which continually seek ever simpler, unifying models naturally maintain resonance with broad cosmic patterns, thereby minimizing psi perversities. Finally, we outline empirical validation strategies spanning neuroscience (e.g. EEG/MEG complexity measures, TMS/tACS modulation) and AI prototyping (e.g. digital causal-set memories, neuromorphic implementations).
Category: General Science and Philosophy

I.q. Vs. Wisdom

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 4 Pages.

It is a mistake to equate, or even correlate, high IQ testing and real wisdom. Many people have superior intelligence, but few individuals in today’s machine societies have profound wisdom. AI easily can generate confusing perspectives having little or nothing to do with real humanism. There are deep dangers associated with assuming all high-IQ people are ethically wise. Advanced societies are rarely ecologically more wise than the collective wisdom of traditional cultures. It is now easier to do great global harm, than to do great global good.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Commercialization of Science

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 42 Pages. English and Arabic

In recent decades, science - particularly in Western countries - has been trending toward privatization and commercialization, viewed as a commercial commodity whose primary - or even sole - objective is material gain. Terms such as the "commercialization and monetization of science" are common these days, and some universities and scientific institutions are even urging this trend, with seminars, training courses, and conferences organized to this effect. Although we recognize the benefits of establishing a relationship between science, its institutions and centers, and the world of finance, business, commerce and industry - for example, by bringing investments into the field of advanced scientific research - we believe that the harms of this trend on science and scientists - and indeed humanity in general - are more than its benefits. Turning science into a commodity contributes to the moral, ethical and epistemological degradation of science and its role in human life, and encourages the spread of corruption and illegal practices within academic and research entities such as universities, research centers, specialized scientific journals and the like. In this article, we will briefly review this trend and assess its negative effects and repercussions on the progress of science and knowledge and their role in human life and the evolution of human civilization and its future.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Order and Contingency: The Duhem Thesis on Origin of Physics in Christian Theology

Authors: Krystian Zawistowski
Comments: 128 Pages.

The most important aspect of modern physics is the study of the unchanging order between measured quantities, such as that described by Newton’s law of gravity or Ampere’s law. This aspect makes physics useful, as the lawsof physics are applied to develop a variety of technical devices and machines, being a crucial foundation of technical civilization. Additionally, this aspect reveals certain truthsabout the world, as accurate predictions calculated from these laws testify to their validity. Furthermore, when new experiments force a physical law to be modified, the description of relations between quantities is almost never refuted and becomes a special case of the new, more general theory, showing an incremental progress of knowledge. How has this most critical part of physics originated? The source of it is theology, which produced core methodological principles that underpin this approach: The world is comprehensible and ordered according to universal, unchanging relations between measured quantities. The world is contingent, and any metaphysical possibility we conceive is possible, if only in agreement with experience. The highest goal of the rational mind is the pursuit and contemplation of truth. These principles were essential to the development of modern physics. The success of this project provides evidence in favor of Christian Revelation, by means of heuristic power - prediction of essential knowledge that could not be obtained in any other way.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Simulation Hypothesis: Optimisation, Wave-particle Duality and a New Termination Risk

Authors: Genevieve Gorrell
Comments: 8 Pages.

Thinking in terms of our existing within a simulation yields plausible suggestions for how our world might have come to be. For example it seems reasonable to guess our implementation is optimised. The apparent paradox of wave-particle duality may arise from optimisation. Computationally reducible material may never be run at all, but only calculated just in time. Islands of activity, complex within themselves but for some duration not affecting anything outside of themselves, might be deferred from being run, to be caught up in a separate thread only if needed. Quantum computing may be an abuse of the multithreaded nature of the simulation.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Practices and Metrics of Citation in Scholarly Publishing

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 29 Pages.

In the world of academia and research, citation (i.e. being cited and referred to) in scholarly publications is generally regarded as a primary metric for integrity and excellence. In other words, it is the currency of credibility and the gold standard for reliability. In this article we try to shed light on some of the bad and immoral/unethical practices related to citation in modern scholarly publications and activities. In fact, citation (and actually academic and scholarly activities in general including scholarly publishing) became in modern times an industry that is subject to many non-scholarly factors and considerations (whether sinister or benign), and this should be regarded as a form of corruption that threatens the integrity, authenticity and morality of the present and future of academia, research and scholarly activities (and actually human knowledge and progress in general). This threat is aggravated by the epidemic of predatory journalism and the wide availability of artificial intelligence tools which facilitate the abuse of scholarly publishing and citation practices and the manipulation of metrics and parameters related to these activities. We also discuss briefly the value and significance of academic and research metrics related to citation which are commonly used these days to evaluate scholars (as well as other scholarly entities like journals and institutes) and assess their scholarly works and ranks (noting the direct negative impact of the bad citation practices on these metrics and parameters and their supposed significance). We finally present some proposals to address the limitations, shortcomings and abuses of the existing practices and metrics related to citation.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Design of an Automated System for Monitoring and Controlling Thermal, Water, and Water Quality in Trout Farming

Authors: Espinel Osorio Edison Daniel, Morales Villegas Hernan Vinicio
Comments: 10 Pages. In Spanish

This research aims to design and analyze an automated system for hydrodynamic monitoring and control in trout farming, focusing on the principles of fluid mechanics. The identified problem lies in the lack of precise control over water flow, pressure, and temperature, essential factors for trout health and growth. The methodology used consists of three-dimensional modeling of the system using SolidWorks, incorporating elements such as pumps, pipes, sensors, and a culture tank. Through flow simulations, parameters such as velocity, pressure, and head losses are studied, applying fundamental equations of continuity, Bernoulli, and friction losses. The results obtained show the flow distribution in the system, identifying areas of high velocity and pressure drop that can be optimized to improve culture efficiency. It is concluded that the application of fluid mechanics in design allows for the development of more efficient and sustainable aquaculture systems, with better control of water conditions, contributing to a more technologically advanced fish farming system.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Art is Pulse

Authors: Junichi Hashimoto
Comments: 11 Pages.

Relational physics, I founded, is a theory of everything that can be applied to all disciplines, not just physics. This paper attempts to apply this framework to the field of art and thus create a new art form. It was placed in the context of the natural sciences and resulted in the form of Pulseism. Furthermore, as a physicist as well as a painter, I have included a group of my own works embodying Pulseism on this paper as an example of application. Now, how much more will you endure the coolness of incorporating the beauty of natural law into my work?
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Dimensional Twins

Authors: Branko Zivlak
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

This paper introduces and explains the new concept of dimensional twins — physical quantities that share the same combination of fundamental dimensions but have different meanings.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Universal Priority of Final Causes Scientific Truth, Realism and The Collapse of Western Rationality

Authors: Krystian Zawistowski
Comments: 190 Pages.

The book deals with the defence of Aristotelian principle of finality as applied to various fields of science and philophy. Especially: theory of language, physics, statistics and quant finance as well as refutation of positivism, Wittgenstein, Kuhn and similar opponents of it.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Improvement of the Tsa System to Enhance Trailer Safety and Stability: a Review

Authors: P. Muruganantham, M. Aathesh, R. Kavirajan, J. G. Sreesudharsan J G, M. Varunesh
Comments: 5 Pages.

Towing trailers introduces unique stability challenges, particularly at higher speeds or during sudden directional changes. Trailer sway — the side-to-side oscillation of the trailer — is a primary contributor to accidents involving towed vehicles. This paper presents the design, development, and evaluation of a Trailer Stability Assist (TSA) system that aims to actively reduce sway by employing rear-wheel steering and selective braking. A scaled-down prototype was constructed using Arduino microcontroller technology, potentiometer-based sway detection, servo motor steering correction, and 12V DC motors for braking force application. The prototype was tested on a treadmill to simulate forward motion and lateral disturbance. The control logic, implemented in Arduino, detects the direction and magnitude of sway and actuates appropriate correctional mechanisms.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Existence of Chance

Authors: Rosario D'Amico
Comments: 14 Pages. Doi: 10.23756/sp.v12i2.1667 (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit in preprint format only - No journal header etc))

This paper aims to study a particular case to provide a rational basis for recognizing the existence of chance by finding its real trace, that is, specifying its practical meaning, which consists of the following statement known as the Statistical Law of Large Numbers: If an event E has a constant probability p of occurrence on any one trial, and has occurred m times in n trials, then, if the relative frequency of E, m/n, approaches the value of a limit point l and the accuracy of the approximation increases as the number of trials increases, we have l = p. The argument we propose is based on the concepts of "event" and "trial", formulated by the author himself, and their direct implications.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

What Tells Geometric Reciprocity about the Mass Constituents of the Universe and the Universe Itself?

Authors: Hans Hermann Otto
Comments: 35 Pages.

The universe is the result of long-lasting stochastic processes in nature, and life is the most complex result of such combined actions of statistics and probability. All these processes occur in the corset of geometry. In this way, natural numbers and their combinations play a dominant role in understanding the fractal universe and its cyclic behavior. We must consider all underlying exact or almost exact relations and reciprocity relations between fundamental numbers that importantly influence statistics, probability and pairing as well as de-pairing behavior. The folding of DNA, for example, is a result of such geometric (besides energetic) considerations. In the parlance of photosynthesis or its newly created artificial pendant such number systems may be considered as number catalysts.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Concepts of Web3 First Represented in 2013

Authors: Andrei I. Bodrenko
Comments: 19 Pages.

The concepts of Web3 were first represented by Andrei I. Bodrenko in 2013. Andrei I. Bodrenko stated that the new iteration of the Internet is based on serverless technologies comprising such features as: serverless data exchange, serverless electronic mail, serverless private networks, serverless social networks, decentralization, and these features are carried out by using peer-to-peer overlay computer networks operating over the Internet. It is significant that blockchains are typically managed by a peer-to-peer (P2P) computer networks, and the implementation of the blockchain is done without the need of a trusted authority or central server. Andrei I. Bodrenko invented Web3 in 2013 by publishing: the video report at the largest Central & Eastern European conference in the field of Software Engineering (see for details: Presentation 2013 (slides 18-24) and Report video 2013 (minutes 12-18)), and by publishing Patent document RU2013154454A representing the key feature of Web3 in December 06, 2013.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The New Conception of Absolute Truth and the End of Anthropocentrism

Authors: Gennady Shkliarevsky
Comments: 37 Pages.

The ascendance of relativism has defined the politics, social relations, values, science, and other aspects of modern civilization and its practice. While some effects of relativism are salutary (relativism, for example, has promoted greater tolerance), others are not. This article argues that the ascendance of relativism has led to the demise and ultimate rejection of the concept of absolute truth. As the article explains, absolute truth is a very important operational concept that integrates, regulates, and conserves all spheres of human practice. It enhances human capacity to create new and increasingly more powerful levels of mental organization that are the source of radical innovations: new ideas, theories, and approaches. The article explains that the functional role of absolute truth is essential for sustaining human civilization and its evolution. It demonstrates that the functional role of absolute truth is defined by the universal process of creation. The rejection of absolute truth has been an inevitable result of the anthropocentric tradition that has dominated and continues to dominate human civilization. This tradition fails to recognize the central role of the process of creation in human existence. It is exclusionary and is incompatible with objectivity. This tradition poses a threat to the survival of civilization. The article argues that the revival of absolute truth and its role in human practice will ensure the survival and evolution of human civilization. The article offers a new conception of absolute truth. This conception relies on the universal process of creation as its main organizing principle. Due to its inclusive nature, the process of creation is objective, universal, and invariable under transformation. Since the new conception is based on the process of creation, it also possesses its properties; it is objective, universal, and invariable. It is not transient as the past conceptions of absolute truth. Finally, the article discusses the ways in which the new conception of absolute truth will affect human practice.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Causal Set Theory with Occamistic Precedence: A Speculative New Approach to the Emergence of Quantum Mechanics, Spacetime Structure, Gravity, Psi Phenomena and Universal Cognition

Authors: Ben Goertzel
Comments: 47 Pages.

We propose an augmented precedence principle that integrates an algorithmic information prior to favor simpler, low-entropy patterns in the evolution of causal sets. Applied to the sequential growth dynamics of causal set theory, this Occamistic bias naturally selects manifold-like configurations that approximate smooth spacetimes, thereby addressing the entropy dominance problem. On these emergent manifolds, the statistical accumulation of repeated quantum events gives rise to effective quantum dynamics from which the Schroedinger equation is derived. This perspective shows promise of potential extension to chromodynamics; and moreover, by interpreting the spacetime metric as a quantum operator and deriving gravitational dynamics from the minimization of quantum relative entropy between the intrinsic metric and a matter-induced metric, one can establish a connection with entropic theories of gravity. The Occamistic Precedence framework is extended to a relational, Universal Cognition perspective in which the decentralized cosmic ledger "remembers" its past through local interactions, enabling observer-dependent transitions between quantum (Schroedinger-like) and classical (Bellman-like) cognitive regimes providing physical underpinning to mental processes in biological and engineered systems, and potentially also providing a new way of looking at "extraordinary" mental processes such as altered states of consciousness and psi phenomena. Overall, our work suggests that gravity, quantum mechanics, and anomalous cognitive effects may emerge from an underlying, history-dependent process governed by fundamental information-theoretic principles.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

New Method of Using Mobile Robots for Moving Cargo in Warehouse

Authors: Andrei I. Bodrenko
Comments: 20 Pages.

The new patented method for moving cargo in warehouse is proposed in this article. According to the new method, movement of cargo from the storage area to another warehouse area is carried out by throwing the cargo by the first mobile robot and catching the thrown cargo on fly by the second mobile robot. The parameters of the calculated trajectory of movement, in the free flight phase, of the center of mass of the cargo to be thrown are calculated by numerical methods for solving the Cauchy problem for a system of ordinary differential equations, and by the shooting method for boundary value problems of a system of ordinary differential equations. The first mobile robot throws the cargo at the specified angle to the horizon with the specified initial velocity, at the specified moment of time. In order to catch the thrown cargo on fly by the second mobile robot, the parallel algorithm A1-A2 for catching a thrown cargo on fly by the second mobile robot was created. The method allows the first mobile robot to throw cargoes for large distances, and the created algorithms allow the second mobile robot to catch reliably the thrown cargoes on fly. The proposed method for moving cargo is superior in economic efficiency and reliability to the other methods for moving cargo by implementing tossing of inventory items by robots.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

New Method of Using Mobile Robots for Implementing Warehouse Operations

Authors: Andrei I. Bodrenko
Comments: 12 Pages.

The new patented method of movements of packaged cargoes at warehouse isproposed in this article. The proposed method of loading is superior in economic efficiency,reliability, cheapness, simplicity of construction and use, to all other methods of loadingimplemented by robots. The method allows the mobile robot to load a cargo which is three times asheavy as this mobile robot, wherein almost no electrical energy is consumed during loading. Inimplementing the method, two mobile robots are used, each of which contains a mobile platform, anomnidirectional mobile wheel-type mechanism and a transport suspension with independentsuspension for each wheel. Actually, the mobile robots help each other to load cargo on the firstmobile robot, through robot cooperation. Loading of the container with the load on the first mobilerobot is carried out by actuating a two-arm lever, which is carried out through the impact of thebottom of the mobile platform of the second mobile robot on the longer arm of the two-arm lever bylowering the mobile platform of the second mobile robot due to the operation of the transportsuspension of the mobile platform of the second mobile robot. For example, if the length of thelonger arm of the two-arm lever is three times longer than the shorter arm of the two-arm lever then the second mobile robot of weight 50 kg is capable of loading a container with the load of weight150 kg on the first mobile robot.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Brachiation Robots :Trajectory of Movement of a Jumping Brachiating Robot

Authors: Andrei I. Bodrenko
Comments: 2 Pages.

The trajectory of movement, in the free flight phase, of the center of mass of the mobile robot during vertical jumping is obtained in this article.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Global Climate in the 22nd Century

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 8 Pages.

Earth’s global biosphere recently has deterioratedbeyond what climate forecasters had previously hoped would not occur for several decades. In 2024 global average temperatures reached the critical 1.5 degrees Celsius above the reference base that climatologists have feared could lead to a tipping point of no return. What nastiness will the full 22nd century and beyond reveal, while average global temperatures rapidly rise beyond the historical base by 4.0 degrees and more?
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Delos and Adelos

Authors: Pier Paolo Conti
Comments: 115 Pages.

Delos and Adelos stands out not only for its captivating narrative but also for its ability to challenge the reader to reconsider their perceptions of reality. The intersection of mythology, philosophy, and mathematics creates a stimulating dialogue that invites reflection on profound existential questions, such as the loss of humanity's centrality in a cosmos dominated by Technology and the relationship between Truth and Time. Despite its complexities, this book offers a valuable opportunity for those wishing to explore the boundary between abstract thought and creative storytelling, serving as a bridge between analytical and existential philosophy. Its uniqueness lies in uniting seemingly distant fields, often in conflict, to provide an inspiring and thought-provoking reading experience. It is a recommended choice for those seeking a literary journey that transcends mere entertainment.The book begins as an exploration of the intertwined fates of Delos and Adelos, two mythical islands symbolizing light and darkness, certainty and uncertainty. Through the experiences of Ione, the protagonist, the story unfolds into a journey that transcends time. While Ione is an ancient wanderer, his reflections on Technology and Science, which dominate the postmodern world, make him a bridge between antiquity and modernity. In an age where humanity is often alienated by the very technical creations it was meant to control, Ione symbolizes the quest for balance between certain knowledge and the irreducible uncertainty that shrouds existence. His character reflects the condition of contemporary humanity, immersed in a fragmented reality dominated by existential anxieties tied to Technology and its power, yet also capable of grasping the necessity of a path without a definitive goal, where common sense and knowledge intertwine and relate.Through a blend of mythology, philosophy, and mathematics, the narrative delves into the profound meanings of these concepts and their relevance to human experience, addressing topics such as empirical numbers, the propagation of errors in a new light, and the Pythagorean Theorem, deconstructed and reconstructed with fresh perspectives. Ione’s reflections touch on philosophical aspects like the myopia and presbyopia of the human mind, the constant search for principles of maximum and minimum in one’s decisions and actions, and the pursuit of God through mathematics.The exposition combines a mythological-philosophical episodic narrative with a mathematical discussion characterized by explanations that are less constrained by logical formalism or rigorous mathematical notation, making them more accessible and conceptually oriented. While it is possible to skip, partially or entirely, the mathematical sections if perceived as too challenging, it is strongly recommended to follow the episodic narrative, which plays a central role in the overall framework.Throughout the narrative, the work also explores Heideggerian concepts of da-sein and mit-sein, the search for the meaning of time, and how contemporary humanity engages with Truth and with a mathematical reality that compels us to redefine our relationship with the cosmos. Within this context, Euclidean and Riemannian spaces and the new Calculus open up fascinating new scenarios.This exposition will not provide formal mathematical proofs. Such developments, which require specific technical expertise, are left to those who wish to delve deeper. The author’s intent is to focus on conceptual aspects, making the themes accessible without delving into the rigorous formalities of calculation, while acknowledging the many directions for investigation that arise in both theoretical and empirical dimensions.The essence of the narrative is binomial, reflecting the reality represented by the union of Delos and Adelos, the chapters alternate between a philosophical discussion and a mathematical one. This binomial nature is not a simple dichotomy but a cosmic dance of complementary forces. Just as musical harmony arises from the interplay of different notes, reality emerges from the union of Delos and Adelos. Phronesis (Φρόνησις, practical wisdom) does not lie in choosing between Delos and Adelos but in recognizing their inseparability. Like a weaver intertwining threads of various colours to create a tapestry, we must learn to integrate these seemingly opposing forces to perceive the true nature of reality.In particular, the construction of empirical numbers will lead us to a reinterpretation of the Pythagorean Theorem, contrasting the classical view of random variables and probability theory. Here, the focus shifts from the general to the particular, opening new avenues of ontological inquiry in a more immediate reality.The approach of empirical numbers introduces a new perspective on uncertainty, considering it as an intrinsic property rather than an external factor. This represents a significant shift in the foundational conception. The aim is not to construct a new paradigm but to expand the existing one, approaching chance from a new perspective—perhaps more symbolic and, therefore, closer to human thought. This methodological shift, focusing on the local propagation of uncertainty rather than the global distribution of probability, brings changes to techniques of analysis and modelling.The philosophical implications of this vision of chance as an ontological necessity rather than mere statistical contingency are profound, influencing how we interpret reality and randomness. This treatment also gives chance a new conceptual status, transcending its traditional role as a tool for statistical and probabilistic investigation.As a final note to this introduction, I wish to emphasize that the book draws inspiration from the roots of Greek thought, a deliberately classical imprint that celebrates the epistemological depth of Western philosophy. Through mythological and philosophical narration, the text explores the connections between clarity and knowledge (Delos) and uncertainty and mystery (Adelos), reflecting the rational and analytical approach that has characterized Western tradition since antiquity.While recognizing the value of Eastern philosophical traditions, such as Advaita Vedanta, which strive to overcome duality and embrace absolute unity, the perspective adopted here underscores a different vision. In contrast to the negation of the distinction between the Self and the external world, this work celebrates the tension between opposites, between Delos and Adelos, as a fundamental condition of human experience.Greek thought, with its focus on critical analysis and understanding the world through reason, emerges as a beacon of balance and wisdom, guiding the path toward more comprehensive and structured knowledge. In this sense, the Western approach reaffirms the importance of a mindset that integrates uncertainty without abandoning logic and reason, celebrating the plurality of forces that shape our existence.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Expanding the 64-Tetrahedron Grid to 256-Tetrahedron Grid

Authors: Bruno R. Galeffi
Comments: 7 Pages.

The octahedron appears as a fundamental geometry in the universe at various scales. The expansion of the 64-Tetrahedron Grid is explored through widening of the octahedron network backbone, which leads to a startling 256-Tetrahedron Grid.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Mechanical Advantage of Electromagnetic Railgun for Space Launch Assist

Authors: Felipe Wescoup
Comments: 12 Pages.

Space launch has traditionally relied on vertical rocket systems that must overcome Earth's gravity while carrying their entire propulsion system and fuel load from ground level. This paper presents analysis of a horizontal electromagnetic rail launch system for space launch assist, examining its mechanical advantage for winged launch vehicles. Unlike traditional rocket designs where minimizing mass is paramount, this concept benefits from concentrating significant mass behind a minimal forward-facing profile, fundamentally changing the optimization approach. The mechanical advantage increases non-linearly with launch velocity, suggesting rail-assisted launch could enable more efficient space access. The SpaceX Starship and Super Heavy configuration was used as a reference case to quantify these benefits.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Synthesis of Metaphysics and Jungian Personality Theory

Authors: Claus D. Volko
Comments: 5 Pages.

A debate on Facebook dealing with the idea that one could continue living after his/her death if one uploaded the contents of one‘s brain onto a computer has stimulated me to thinking about the relationship between mind and matter. The conclusions I have come up with are far reaching: they explain what probably is the true self of a person, why there probably is a life after death, and all of a sudden, Carl Gustav Jung‘s theory of psychological functions makes sense as I have managed to build a model of the human organism from which most of Jung‘s theory follows per logical deduction.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

On the 14-Octahedron Backbone of the Bimetric 64-Tetrahedron Grid Universe

Authors: Bruno R. Galeffi
Comments: 15 Pages.

The 64-Tetrahedron Grid (64-TG) stands on a network of fourteen octahedral cavities, with tetrahedra filling up the interstices. Fibonacci numbers seem to drive the embedded Platonic and Archimedean solids. Tetrahedral packing densities are 0.53 in the 64-TG and 0.35 in the cuboctahedron. The inceptive construction protocol of the 64-TG universe involves a central coordinating unit. Jitterbug cycles require a non-rigid tetrahedron lattice. Puzzling equivalences amongst volumes & areas are found.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

How the Physician Clinically Thinks?

Authors: Atabek B. Kutlumuratov
Comments: 10 Pages. In Russian

This treatise is addition to the treatise №6 from (vixra.prg/abs/2411.0127 — "Avicenna’s legacy: Personal (Psychophysical) Model of Human Nature as a Basic Medical Metaphor") from the series "About Ontological and Epistemological Bases of Modern Medicine and Physiology". Its purpose is to generalize what we discussed within this cycle of treatises and to characterize specificity of the physician's clinical thinking.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Description and Calculation

Authors: Friedrich Sösemann
Comments: English 20 pages, German 20 pages

The present text is a systematic description of descriptions, a network of precise definitions already existing concepts, such as information, knowledge, intelligence as a hierarchy of relations and their measures, as well as of description and calculation with their completeness and predictability.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Avicena's Legacy: Personal (Psychophysical) Model of Human Nature as a Basic Medical Metaphor

Authors: Atabek B. Kutlumuratov
Comments: 66 Pages. In Russian

the treatise is described the general (psychophysical) model of individual human nature (of the physical nature of the person). It is underlined that the psychophysical problem in medicine was solved in favor of psychophysical interaction in 5 century B.C. at least. It is emphasized that undercover (uncertain) aspect of person’s psycho-physical nature can be interpreted as the sphere of perception and selection of variants of unification of person's nature with nature of External World. With the undercover aspect of human nature, probably, apothatic traditions of theosophy and philosophy and the requirement of a person to base the individual and collective life on various systems of belief are connected. Ontologically we can point out to four main areas of human nature. Area "D" (it is the corporality area, and from here the reality invades the unit nature of person) and "А" area (it is the area where impulses of "I", or "Ego", are born) of reality are connected as two internal aspects of continuous world of Parmenide. Area "C" is area of consciousness, or area of certainties which is perceived by consciousness as internal certainty of Parmenidean Reality. Areas "А" and "C" together constitute the subjective world and we can mean it as unified area of Being an individual, or area of "B". Areas "А" and "C" together constitute the subjective world and we can mean it as unified area of Being, area of "B". Outside of this structural definiteness remains the continuous (hence - organic) unity, which is including areas "А" and "D". Physical human nature is constituted as complex of uncertainties and certainties of areas "А", "D" and "C". This fundamental psychophysical structure is the main metaphor which doctors not absolutely obviously use since ancient times as concept of "individual human nature». This concept has been obviously developed Avicenna.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Hypothesis of Psychophysical Dynamics of Consciousnee

Authors: Mouhamad Diagne
Comments: 98 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements of viXra.org)

In this work we have tried to understand the mechanisms of consciousness by means of a certain symbolic representation. It is from this that we arrive at the establishment of mathematical formulae on the dynamic psychophysical mechanisms of consciousness, which can allow an explanation and a mechanistic description of the basic phenomena linked to it, and leading specifically to the concept of the fundamental state of consciousness.The theory thus established is based on concepts developed through mathematical reasoning and a psycho-cognitive approach. It is therefore a reflective theory, none of whose concepts derive from neuroscientific work on the subject. Consequently, it is not particularly necessary to have prior knowledge of neuroscience or any other cognitive science in order to approach it. And although its structure derives from a relatively simple mathematical reasoning, the basis of the work is modelled on a psycho-cognitive interpretation and a particular symbolism that reduces the complexity of the subject and thus justifies the formalism proposed.Although it is a hypothesis, it nonetheless allows us to approach the field of consciousness from a different angle than is usually the case. Isn't it important to have a theory that goes beyond the strict framework of neuroscience in order to unify the various fields of study linked to consciousness, including philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence and neuroscience itself? In other words, shouldn't the starting point be abstract concepts, where empirical data can serve as evidence? In this way, we can create a junction that will make it easier to understand this complex field.Moreover, not only does this theory touch on the neurocognitive domain, it also offers insights into the understanding of temporal distortion ; suggesting in particular an indirect process of subjective temporal measurement.It is by starting from a psychophysical postulate that we arrive at certain conclusions where neural correlates can constitute a justification. Ultimately, it is more of an explanatory tool of consciousness, making it possible to devise a mechanistic basis for understanding human consciousness, and perhaps any other form of consciousness.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Line Theory: Effect, Node, and Line in Space

Authors: Temesgen Degu
Comments: 16 Pages.

This paper introduces a conceptual framework, denoted as ‘Line Theory,’ which is predicated on the procedural anatomy inherent in ordinary plans. A plan, recognized as a set of instructions for execution, undergoes in-depth scrutiny to analyze its constituent elements. The concise examination delves into the formation of line and effect within real space stemming from procedures. Line theory serves the purpose of elucidating the absolute optimization of plans. It is formulated to inaugurate an exploration into the veracity of procedures and their elemental changes, examining their correlation with space and motion at the most fundamental level. The scientific community has extensively delved into the examination of the behavior and structure of objects at the microscopic level. This paper endeavors to stimulate interest in the analogous analysis of procedures. The fundamental objective within this theoretical framework is to offer a distinct philosophical perspective on changes and effects.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Cellular Primary Consciousness Theory(CPCT): The Foundational Intelligence of Emergent Phenomena in Closed Systems; in Theory and Practice and Open and Closed Systems Theory (OCST): The Purpose of Meaninglessness

Authors: Brian Gordon Leo Brown
Comments: 82 Pages.

This paper presents a unified theory of reality, which integrates two interdependent frameworks: Cellular Primary Consciousness Theory (CPCT) and Open and Closed Systems Theory (OCST). Although CPCT and OCST can each stand as individual theories, they are, in this work, combined to form a cohesive explanation of both the mechanics and purpose of the universe. CPCT posits that consciousness is a fundamental aspect of all life, extending to even the simplest cells, rather than being an emergent property exclusive to complex neural systems. Drawing upon evidence from quantum mechanics, cell biology, and systems theory, CPCT challenges traditional views on the origins of consciousness by suggesting that awareness is a universal property present from the cellular level. OCST, which forms the second component of this unified theory, examines the nature of the universe as a closed system subject to the laws of entropy. This theory explores how the universe is moving toward maximum entropy, where meaning and contrasts dissolve. However, beyond this closed system lies the realm of an open system—a domain of infinite potential that transcends the dualities and limitations of the physical universe. This open system offers a philosophical explanation for existence and the possibility of eternal meaning. Together, these two theories provide a novel and cohesive framework that addresses both the mechanics of consciousness and the ultimate purpose of the universe. The integration of CPCT and OCST bridges scientific evidence from quantum biology and systems theory with philosophical explorations of existence, presenting a comprehensive vision of reality as both a closed physical system and an open metaphysical one. This unified theory encourages a reexamination of our place in the cosmos, suggesting that beyond the observable universe lies an infinite realm of potential where consciousness and meaning endure.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Applications of Karma Spirituality

Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil
Comments: 91 Pages.

This book aims to integrate scientific theories with spiritual concepts. It discusses Karma Theory applied to International Demographics. It outlines modern concept of time (e.g., initiation of time at big bang), with the spiritual concepts of Kal Chakra (Time cycle- e.g., Oscillating universes). It also discusses, among other ideas Epistemology in Cyclic Time.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

From the Electron to the Flower of Life - Proofs of God

Authors: Andreas Ball
Comments: 16 Pages.

The combination of Data of the Electron applied in a Formula leads to a value with a digit figure, which runs 9 times in serie from the first digit, and comprises the Inverse of the Magnetic Field Constant. This circumstance is known in the science world, but no scientist - as known by the author - ever made any thoughts about this conspicious result. Many scientists are astonished about the Koide-Formula with its result close to the ratio 2/3, but the above mentioned result won by the Electron Data is equally or still more remarkable.Since the epoch Reconnaissance the world of natural sciences underlies the mass consciousness, which states that the natural sciences may not have anything to do with God. This is the knowledge of the history of natural sciences and not the opinion of the author. And the scientists should be aware of this fact.Furthermore this report presents several formulas by use of the masses of Elementar Particles, which lead also to conspicious results.The figures 9 and 11 can be found in many exact formulas for Physical Constants and in the Formulas for the datas of our celestial bodies. This is also valid for the Figures 144 and 666. And the figures 9 and 11 show suspicious aspects besides the Physics and Mathematics. Chapter 6 shows the facts, that informations are hidden in the ornament/symbol Flower of Life referring the Physical Constants, which values propulse the Universe.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

A Novel Proposal About Magnetic Shielding

Authors: Rosario Pullano
Comments: 6 Pages.

Space exploration is a primary goal for leading companies in the aerospace market. One of the major challenges in this environment is the high intensity of space radiation, which poses a serious threat to both human health and spacecraft instrumentation. For instance, while humans can only tolerate up to 4 Sv of radiation, exposure in space can reach 12 Sv. The main sources of this radiation are solar emissions and cosmic rays from deep space.This work focuses on developing a solution to protect against space radiation. Our proposal is inspired by the Earth's magnetosphere, aiming to replicate its protective features on a smaller scale. The technology could be tested on a CubeSat, with the goal of studying the effectiveness of this magnetic shielding system for future applications in space missions.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Traditional Language & Extended Language

Authors: Yutong Gao
Comments: 28 Pages. In Chinese

This paper introduces and systematically explores the novel concept of "Extended Language," aiming to expand the boundaries of traditional linguistics and semiotics. Extended Language is not confined to conventional linguistic symbol systems (such as text, speech, images, etc.), but also encompasses all signals received through the senses (such as vision, hearing, touch, etc.), which form subjective experiences after being processed by the brain. Extended Language can be seen as a "translation" medium between us and the real world, where individuals receive physical signals from the external environment through sensory systems and transform them into meaningful experiences through the symbolic processing of the brain. Extended Language can also be viewed as the "construction" of the world, meaning that we actively construct our understanding and experience of the world through perception and symbolic systems, rather than passively reflecting the reality of the external world. Extended Language includes but is not limited to perception, emotion, memory, and cultural symbols, and it has the ability to transcend individual and even spatiotemporal limitations. Through this expansion, Extended Language is defined as a global information representation system that transcends individual subjective experiences, covering a broad range of perception and symbolization.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Dictionary of Computers Edited by Pankaj Dhaka and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 20 Pages.

We study the entries in the Dictionary of Computers edited by Pankaj Dhaka.We draw the natural logarithm of thenumber of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of therank of the letter, normalised.We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised by BP(4,$beta H=0.05$) i.e. amagnetisation curve in the Bethe-Peierls approximation of theIsing model with four nearest neighbours in the presence of external magnetic field, H, with $beta H=0.05$.$beta$ is $frac{1}{k_{B}T}$ where, T is temperature and$k_{B}$ is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Rebirth of Philosophy (In Chinese)

Authors: Ding Jian
Comments: 10 Pages. In Chinese

There is continuity between truth and the relevant objective thing in reality, and its intrinsic mechanism is inertia. Inertia is an inherent characteristic of objective things, and truth resides there. Inertia generates continuity, which is a necessary condition for reasoning. It can go from the quantitative change of real space all the way deep into the qualitative change of the ideal realm, and expand the philosophical view of materialism to the category of metaphysics. In the fundamental part of Eastern and Western philosophy, this absence has been more than two thousand years. From this, it can be seen that the law of the unity of opposites should have been the Trialism, in fact we use it every day, just not deliberately reflected upon. Once a consensus is reached, it means the unification of Eastern and Western philosophies. Based on this, the norms for identifying truth are given, and the true nature of metaphysics is restored through norms and definitions. In addition, the definition of philosophy is discussed and given. The Trialism on things' limits is founded, which resolves the dilemma that truth has no place in Dualism, and thereby uses this theory to perfect materialism as well as the unity of opposites of all knowledge.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Toward a Unified Multidisciplinary Model of Reality

Authors: Donald G. Palmer
Comments: 14 Pages.

Over the last several centuries, science has discovered objects in the world along a continuum of scale. In one direction, we have discovered planets and stars, as well as galaxies and galaxy clusters. In the other direction, we have found cells and proteins, atoms and neutrinos. To locate and model this world, we use the 3 traditional directions of length, width, and height. However, inherent in all our measurements is the scale of what we are measuring — a continuum we do not directly see with our eyes. The author presents the hypothesis that we need to include this continuum in a complete model of nature and our world. Why we have not already included this continuum can be traced to our lack of mathematical tools to handle the exponential structure of the measure of scale. The author presents the mathematical conjecture that the appropriate tools require a numeric representational system with more power than our traditional decimal or positional-based numerals. Such a system could provide a single value for complex numbers and make possible measurements currently invisible to science today.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Negentropy Indicative of Consciousness: a Law of Nature; Link Between Consciousness, Randomness and Sparse Distributed Networks

Authors: Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton, Alex Hankey
Comments: 14 Pages.

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi posited the concept of ‘The Source of Thought’. In Vedic science (Shiksha), the concept may be equated with Para when describing the four levels of thought. Para is transcendental to the space of ideas. It is the state of mind in "transcendence" (deep meditation) i.e. empty of ideas. Yet the word Para also means supreme, which refers to that state also being the source of all possible ideas. From a Mathematical and Computer Science perspective, the only equivalentncandidate for such a source is a true Pseudo-Random Number Generator, with the caveat that it should have a seed of infinite-length and no periodicity. Maharishi also stated that "new ideas" in knowledge must be "discovered" simultaneously, citing Legendre's theorem "A subgroup subdivides a group", a statement which directly implies that knowledge forms the overall set. Indirect implications are that: Conscious beings form a set, and that ‘God’ is the largest member. However, it is not immediately obvious how Legendre's theorem applies to knowledge, until Sparse Distributed Memory emerges from Consciousness, Hankey's Complexity Biology critical instability theory is applied, and the properties of a Banach space applied recursively (fractally). This paper also explores the difference between time-distributed and domain-distributed randomness as a source of creativity and thought, and their implications for simplified efficient Particle Swarm Optimisation. Randomness is seen to be just as important a part of the Definitions of Consciousness (McKenzie's Memory, Perception, Imagination and Looping). It is then sufficient to postulate as a Law of Nature: non-zero Negentropy indicates the presence of Consciousness. Finally, we highlight the insight that properties of Sparse Distributed Memory, aka a Banach space, inherently lead to Analogy. Its use by any Consciousness entity should result in self-directed learning. Tononi et al were right, with the caveat that Integrated Information Theory's properties may be inherent and emergent rather than exclusively explicit.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Is the ‘WEST’ Interested in Tradingorthreatening ?

Authors: Yew Kee Wong
Comments: 74 Pages.

The question hangs heavy in the air, sharp as a freshly minted blade: Is the "West" interested in TRADING or THREATENING? It echoes in boardrooms and bazaars, in diplomatic cables and social media feeds, shaping perceptions and driving policy across an increasingly fractured planet. To pose it so starkly is to demand an answer that transcends simplistic narratives and convenient slogans. This book emerges not to offer a facile verdict, but to dissect the complex, often contradictory, reality. The West— a term we must constantly interrogate for its internal fractures and shifting boundaries— is neither a monolithic merchant solely driven by profit, nor a singular colossus brandishing threats for pure dominance. Its engagement with the world is a dynamic, often tense, interplay between these two impulses, woven into the very fabric of its history, institutions, and self-perception. For centuries, Western power projected itself globally through the twin engines of commerce and coercion. Trading posts preceded garrisons; merchant ships sailed alongside warships. The promise of open markets and shared prosperity became inextricably linked, for better and often for worse, with the reality of gunboat diplomacy, economic sanctions, and political pressure. The legacy of empires casts a long shadow, coloring how the West's present-day embrace of "free trade" and "rules-based order" is perceived. Today, the dichotomy feels more acute than ever. We witness unprecedented global supply chains and integrated financial markets— testaments to the West's deep investment in trading. Multinational corporations span continents, consumers crave global goods, and economic interdependence is touted as the ultimate peacekeeper. Yet, simultaneously, we see an escalating arsenal of threatening instruments: punitive tariffs wielded like economic broadswords, sweeping sanctions regimes isolating entire nations, technological embargoes designed to cripple rivals, and the constant hum of geopolitical maneuvering and military alliances aimed at containing perceived adversaries. Is this duality hypocrisy or pragmatism? Is the commitment to trade merely a velvet glove over an iron fist? Or are the threats a necessary, albeit unsavory, defence of the very system that enables beneficial trade? Does the West primarily seek partners in prosperity, or vassals in a managed hierarchy? Where does legitimate security concern end and economic warfare begin?
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Individuation of Doctoring as the Basic Concept of Public Health and a Medical Science

Authors: Kutlumuratov Atabek Bekchanovich
Comments: 58 Pages. typos corrected & text improved.

The seventh treatise of the cycle "Ontological and epistemological bases of medicine and physiology" (finishing). It is marked that the medical science of the end 19 and the beginnings of 20th centuries began to depart from the concept of the individuation of the doctoring process, which was considered almost officially a basis of a clinical paradigm throughout 23 centuries. To the middle of 20th century this conception has been justified by rapid development of biology and by requirement to use of its achievements in medicine. Nowadays we can observe excessive differentiation of clinical medicine (which is the doctoring science). The individuation principle implicitly underlies any national systems of public health services, and it forms a philosophical basis of a medical science. This principle expresses specificity of physician’s thinking which depends a little from the paradigm declared by representatives of official medicine. This principle lays in basis of the differentiation of public health (as the system of physicians' activities), and in basis of differentiation of medical science (as the clinical disciplines' system). The public health decides problems of society's health for interests of the society by regulation of efforts of doctors in limits of the different profiles. And the public health promotes tendency of any doctor in order to professionally promote interests of health of each patient in each clinical case. Therefore and physician practice of any profile is effective if it supports the doctor's aspiration as much as possible to keep and strengthen health of each patient (if he/she is healthy), and to recover him/her health (if he/she is sick). The medical science is effective so far as it follows this principle within the limits of each of medical disciplines. Thus the doctor reaches best efficiency of doctoring only on the basis of a clinical paradigm, and this efficiency does not depend directly on a biomedical paradigm which is declared by official medicine as basic one in the doctoring science.Keywords: an individuation of doctoring; a clinical paradigm; public health; a medical science; public health services profile; differentiation of medical science.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Avicena's Legacy: Personal (Psychophysical) Model of Human Nature as a Basic Medical Metaphor

Authors: Atabek B. Kutlumuratov
Comments: 69 Pages. The primary text was slightly corrupted when formatted into a PDF file.

In the treatise is described the general (psychophysical) model of individual human nature (of the physical nature of the person). It is underlined that the psychophysical problem in medicine was solved in favor of psychophysical interaction in 5 century B.C. at least. It is emphasized that undercover (uncertain) aspect of person’s psycho-physical nature can be interpreted as the sphere of perception and selection of variants of unification of person's nature with nature of External World. With the undercover aspect of human nature, probably, apothatic traditions of theosophy and philosophy and the requirement of a person to base the individual and collective life on various systems of belief are connected. Ontologically we can point out to four main areas of human nature. Area "D" (it is the corporality area, and from here the reality invades the unit nature of person) and "А" area (it is the area where impulses of "I", or "Ego", are born) of reality are connected as two internal aspects of continuous world of Parmenide. Area "C" is area of consciousness, or area of certainties which is perceived by consciousness as internal certainty of Parmenidean Reality. Areas "А" and "C" together constitute the subjective world and we can mean it as unified area of Being an individual, or area of "B". Areas "А" and "C" together constitute the subjective world and we can mean it as unified area of Being, area of "B". Outside of this structural definiteness remains the continuous (hence - organic) unity, which is including areas "А" and "D". Physical human nature is constituted as complex of uncertainties and certainties of areas "А", "D" and "C". This fundamental psychophysical structure is the main metaphor which doctors not absolutely obviously use since ancient times as concept of "individual human nature». This concept has been obviously developed Avicenna.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Hypothesis of Psychophysical Dynamics of Consciousness: Attentional Mechanism Underlying Fundamental Micro-States of Perceptual Consciousness.

Authors: Mouhamad Diagne
Comments: 101 Pages.

In this work we have tried to understand the mechanisms of consciousness by means of a certain symbolic representation. It is from this that we arrive at the establishment of mathematical formulae on the dynamic psychophysical mechanisms of consciousness, which can allow an explanation and a mechanistic description of the basic phenomena linked to it, and leading specifically to the concept of the fundamental state of consciousness. The theory thus established is based on concepts developed through mathematical reasoning and a psycho-cognitive approach. It is therefore a reflective theory, none of whose concepts derive from neuroscientific work on the subject. Consequently, it is not particularly necessary to have prior knowledge of neuroscience or any other cognitive science in order to approach it. And although its structure derives from a relatively simple mathematical reasoning, the basis of the work is modelled on a psycho-cognitive interpretation and a particular symbolism that reduces the complexity of the subject and thus justifies the formalism proposed. Although it is a hypothesis, it nonetheless allows us to approach the field of consciousness from a different angle than is usually the case. Isn't it important to have a theory that goes beyond the strict framework of neuroscience in order to unify the various fields of study linked to consciousness, including philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence and neuroscience itself? In other words, shouldn't the starting point be abstract concepts, where empirical data can serve as evidence? In this way, we can create a junction that will make it easier to understand this complex field.Moreover, not only does this theory touch on the neurocognitive domain, it also offers insights into the understanding of temporal distortion ; suggesting in particular an indirect process of subjective temporal measurement. It is by starting from a psychophysical postulate that we arrive at certain conclusions where neural correlates can constitute a justification. Ultimately, it is more of an explanatory tool of consciousness, making it possible to devise a mechanistic basis for understanding human consciousness, and perhaps any other form of consciousness. Consciousness remains one of the most complex and debated phenomena in contemporary science. Rather than providing an a priori definition or relying exclusively on neurobiological data, this work adopts a different approach, focusing on the study of the fundamental dynamic mechanism from which perceptual consciousness emerges: attention. The Hypothesis of Psychophysical Dynamics of Consciousness posits that perceptual consciousness is not an autonomous entity but the emergent result of a process of priority integration of stimuli. Attention is described as a discrete dynamic process, organized into successive cycles of integration, giving rise to quantifiable perceptual micro-states. Within this framework, consciousness appears as a dynamic consequence of attention when integration crosses a critical threshold governed by a fundamental constant—the golden ratio φ—interpreted here as an attentional constant.The term "conscious access" does not refer to a mechanism of global information broadcasting or to declarative cognitive processes, but to the dynamic crossing of an attentional integration threshold, at which point a perceptual micro-state becomes consciously present within the field of experience. By situating itself upstream of neurobiological descriptions, this theory proposes a unifying abstract framework in which empirical data can serve as elements of validation rather than as the point of departure. It thus outlines the foundations of a formal psychophysical framework of attention, potentially constituting an autonomous theoretical base.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

From the Electron to the Flower of Life - Proofs of God

Authors: Andreas Ball
Comments: 18 Pages.

The combination of Data of the Electron applied in a Formula leads to a value with a digit figure, which runs 9 times in serie from the first digit, and comprises the Inverse of the Magnetic Field Constant. This circumstance is known in the science world, but no scientist - as known by the author - ever made any thoughts about this conspicious result. Many scientists are astonished about the Koide-Formula with its result close to the ratio 2/3, but the above mentioned result won by the Electron Data is equally or still more remarkable.Since the epoch Reconnaissance the world of natural sciences underlies the mass consciousness, which states that the natural sciences may not have anything to do with God. This is the knowledge of the history of natural sciences and not the opinion of the author. And the scientists should be aware of this fact.Furthermore this report presents several formulas by use of the masses of Elementar Particles, which lead also to conspicious results.The figures 9 and 11 can be found in many exact formulas for Physical Constants and in the Formulas for the datas of our celestial bodies. This is also valid for the Figures 144 and 666. And the figures 9 and 11 show suspicious aspects besides the Physics and Mathematics. Chapter 6 shows the facts, that informations are hidden in the ornament/symbol Flower of Life referring the Physical Constants, which values propulse the Universe.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

From the Electron to the Flower of Life - Proofs of God

Authors: Andreas Ball
Comments: 18 Pages.

The combination of Data of the Electron applied in a Formula leads to a value with a digit figure, which runs 9 times in serie from the first digit, and comprises the Inverse of the Magnetic Field Constant. This circumstance is known in the science world, but no scientist - as known by the author - ever made any thoughts about this conspicious result. Many scientists are astonished about the Koide-Formula with its result close to the ratio 2/3, but the above mentioned result won by the Electron Data is equally or still more remarkable.Since the epoch Reconnaissance the world of natural sciences underlies the mass consciousness, which states that the natural sciences may not have anything to do with God. This is the knowledge of the history of natural sciences and not the opinion of the author. And the scientists should be aware of this fact.Furthermore this report presents several formulas by use of the masses of Elementar Particles, which lead also to conspicious results.The figures 9 and 11 can be found in many exact formulas for Physical Constants and in the Formulas for the datas of our celestial bodies. This is also valid for the Figures 144 and 666. And the figures 9 and 11 show suspicious aspects besides the Physics and Mathematics. Chapter 6 shows the facts, that informations are hidden in the ornament/symbol Flower of Life referring the Physical Constants, which values propulse the Universe.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

From the Electron to the Flower of Life - Proofs of God

Authors: Andreas Ball
Comments: 18 Pages.

The combination of Data of the Electron applied in a Formula leads to a value with a digit figure, which runs 9 times in serie from the first digit, and comprises the Inverse of the Magnetic Field Constant. This circumstance is known in the science world, but no scientist - as known by the author - ever made any thoughts about this conspicious result. Many scientists are astonished about the Koide-Formula with its result close to the ratio 2/3, but the above mentioned result won by the Electron Data is equally or still more remarkable.Since the epoch Reconnaissance the world of natural sciences underlies the mass consciousness, which states that the natural sciences may not have anything to do with God. This is the knowledge of the history of natural sciences and not the opinion of the author. And the scientists should be aware of this fact.Furthermore this report presents several formulas by use of the masses of Elementar Particles, which lead also to conspicious results.The figures 9 and 11 can be found in many exact formulas for Physical Constants and in the Formulas for the datas of our celestial bodies. This is also valid for the Figures 144 and 666. And the figures 9 and 11 show suspicious aspects besides the Physics and Mathematics. Chapter 6 shows the facts, that informations are hidden in the ornament/symbol Flower of Life referring the Physical Constants, which values propulse the Universe.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Dictionary of Computers Edited by Pankaj Dhaka and the Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 21 Pages. A mistake in plotting BW(c=0.01) has been rectified

We study the entries in the Dictionary of Computers edited by Pankaj Dhaka. We draw the naturallogarithm of the number of entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm ofthe rank of the letter, normalised. We conclude that the Dictionary can be characterised byBP(4,βH = 0.05) i.e. a magnetisation curve in the Bethe-Peierls approximation of the Ising modelwith four nearest neighbours in the presence of external magnetic field, H, with βH = 0.05. β is1/(k_B T)where, T is temperature and k_B is the tiny Boltzmann constant.
Category: General Science and Philosophy